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Order of operations
32 5 4 4 0
3. 3 7
5.
2.
4.
49 7 2 2
9 3 5 8 2 27
5 5 44
8.
22 1
6.
7. 3 25 7
9.
4 2 52
4 5
II.
5 14 2 3
2
27 3
10. 5
Scientific Notation
4. 6.02 10 23
1. 350,000,000
2. 0.0000000000000523
3. 120,500,000,000,000,000,000
5. 3.0 10 8
6. 1.819 10 9
8. 3 10
7. 3 10 5 10
3
6 10 9
3 10 4
3.2 10 5 2 10 3
10.
2 10 5
9.
4 2
III.
Substitution
x 3 , y 4 , and z 2 .
1. xyz 4 z
2. 2 x y
3. x y 3 z
4.
5x z
xy
5. 3 y 2 2 x 4 z
IV.
2.
3. 50 x 3x 2 0
4. 8 4x 1 2 34 x
2
x 5 x 3
3
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elementary algebra[1].docx
V.
Formulas
1.
2.
3.
Solve y = 3x + 2 for x.
Solve C 2r for r.
VI.
x y
1 for y.
2 5
5. Solve y hx 4x for x.
4. Solve
Word Problems
1.
One number is 5 more than twice another number. The sum of the numbers is 35. Find the numbers.
2.
Ms. Jones invested $18,000 in two accounts. One account pays 6% simple interest and the other pays 8%. Her
total interest for the year was $1,290. How much did she have in each account?
3.
How many liters of a 40% solution and an16% solution must be mixed to obtain 20 liters of a 22% solution?
4.
Sheila bought burgers and fries for her children and some friends. The burgers cost $2.05 each and the fries are
$.85 each. She bought a total of 14 items, for a total cost of $19.10. How many of each did she buy?
VII.
Inequalities
Solve and graph on the number line.
2x 7 3
2. 52 x 3 2 x 3
3. 3 x 4 x 1 12
1.
VIII.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3x 5x 6 5x 4x 4
2a b c
3a b c
3x y z 2xy z
a b c
4x y z x y z
2
3 2
3 2
9 4
IX.
24 x 4 32 x 3 16 x 2
8x 2
7. x 5x 2 x 7
6.
8.
9.
26a 2 b 5 c 9
4a 6bc 9
5a 62
4 6
Factoring
x 2 5x 6
5. 64 x 4 y
6. 8 x 27
3.
x 2 5x 6
4 x 2 36
4.
x2 4
8. 12 x 12 x 3
1.
2.
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7. 49 y 84 y 36
2
elementary algebra[1].docx
X.
Quadratic Equations
4. 3x 5x 2 0
2.
4a 2 9a 2 0
9 x 2 81 0
3.
25x 2 6 30
6. r 2r 4 0
1.
XI.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.
3x 22 16
2
Rational Expressions
Perform the following operations and simplify where possible. If given an equation, solve for the variable.
4
3a
2
2a 2 a a
6.
3
4
2
x 1 x 3x 2
6 x 18
12 x 16
2
3x 2 x 8 4 x 12
16 x 2
x 2 2x 8
x 2 2x 8
4 x2
x3 1
x 1
2
x
1
y
1
xy
2
1
5
x 1 x 1 4
3
3 k
8.
1
k
2k
5 x 3 7
9.
x
4 x
7.
XII.
Graphing
Graph each equation on the coordinate axis.
1. 3x 2 y 6
2.
3.
4.
x 3
y2
2
y
x5
3
5.
y x3
6.
y x 2 2
7.
y x2
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elementary algebra[1].docx
XIII.
Systems of Equations
Solve the following systems of equations.
1.
2 x 3 y 12
x 2 y 9
2.
4 x 6 y 10
2x 3 y 5
3.
x 2y 5
x 2y 7
4.
2 x 3 y 4
y 2 x 4
XIV.
1.
Radicals
Simplify the following using the rules of radicals (rationalize denominators). All variables represent
positive numbers.
8 10
5.
24x 3 y 6
81
x4
6. 2 18 5 32 7 162
3.
4
3
7.
4.
12 15
18 40
8.
2.
3
5 3
3 5 2 3 3 4 2
Answers
I.
Order of Operations
parenthesis or exponents as one calculates from left to right. Second, multiplication or division as one calculates
from the left to right. And finally, addition or subtraction as one calculates from left to right.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
32 5 4 4 0 9 5 2 1 14 2 1 12 1 13
5 14 2 3 62 3 12 3 9
147
200
3
38
3 25 7 3 10 7 13 7 6
5 5 44 25 16 9
3
22 1
4 1
3
9. -9
10. 25
8.
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elementary algebra[1].docx
II.
Scientific Notation
All numbers in scientific notation have the following form: non-zero digit . rest of number 10
1. 350,000,000 3.5 10
2. 0.0000000000000523 5.23 10
14
3. 120,500,000,000,000,000,000 1.205 10 20
power
4. 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
5. 300,000,000
6. 0.000000001819
7. 3 10 3 5 10 6 3 5 10 3 10 6 15 10 9 1.5 1010
8. 3 10 4 32 10 4 9 10 8
2
6 10 9 6 10 9
2 10 5
3 10 4 3 10 4
3.2 105 2 10 3 6.4 10 2 3.2 10 7
10.
2 10 5
2 10 5
9.
III.
Substitution
1. xyz 4z 3 42 42 24 8 32
2. 2x y 23 4 6 4 10
3. x y 3z 3 4 32 3 4 6 3 10 30
IV.
5x z 53 2
13
13
3 4 12 12
xy
5. 3y 2 2x 4z 3 4 23 42 316 6 8 50
2
1. 6 x 48 6 6 x 48 48 6 48 6x 54
2.
4.
6x 54
x 9
6
6
2
2
x 5 x 3 3 x 5 3x 3 2x 15 3x 9 2 x 15 15 3x 9 15
3
3
2x 3x 6 2x 3x 3x 6 3x x 6 1 x 16 x 6
3. x 12
4. 8 4x 1 2 34 x 8 4 x 4 2 12 3x 12 4x 14 3x 12 4 x 12 14 3x 12
4x 2 3x 4x 3x 2 3x 3x x 2 x 2
V.
Formulas
PV nRT
PV
T
nR nRT
nR
1.
PV nRT
2.
y 3x 2 y 2 3x 2 2 y 2 3x
3.
4.
5.
C
2
5
y x 5
2
y hx 4x y xh 4
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y 2 3x
y2
x
3
3
3
y
y
xh 4
x
h4
h4
h4
elementary algebra[1].docx
VI.
Word Problems
1.
2.
3.
x
40 %
20 liters
22 %
20 - x
16 %
From the diagram, we get the equation: .4x + .16 (20 x) = 20(.22)
x = 5 and the answer is 5 liters at 40% and 15 liters at 16%.
4.
Let x = the number of burgers and 14 x = the number of fries. To get the total amount of money spent,
multiply the number of items by the cost of the item. 2.05 x = the total dollars spent on burgers and .85 (14 x)
= the total dollars spent on fries. The equation is: 2.05x + .85 (14 x) = 19.10. Solving the equation, x = 6.
Hence, she bought 6 burgers and 8 fries.
VII.
Inequalities
Solve inequalities the same as equations with one exception. When both sides are multiplied or divided by a
negative number, remember to switch the direction of the inequality.
2.
2x 10
x 5
2
2
52x 3 2x 3 - 10x - 15 2x - 3 - 12x 12 x -1
3.
1.
2x 7 3 2x-7 7 3 7 2x 10
1
2
VIII.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
9.
-1
1
2
10 6
8 14
66
2a b c 2 a b c 4 a b c a b c
9
36
3a b c 3 a b c
3x y z 2xy z 3 2x x y y z z 6xy z
a b c 1 a b c a b c
4x y z x y z 16x y z x y z 16x y
5
10
14
20
28
12
36
20
28
12
a 4b6
36c 12
36
12
18
24
30
z 26 16
1 30 26 16 y 30 z 26
y z
x8
x8
3x 2 4x 2
8x 2
8x 2
8x 2
8x 2
26a b c
13a
6
9
4a bc
5
5a 6
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5x 2 x3 7 2 x5 7 x2 10 x4 35x 2 x5 10 x4 7 x2 35x
2
8.
2 6
b 51 c 9 9
13a 8 b 6 c 0
13a 8
2
2b 6
elementary algebra[1].docx
IX.
Factoring
Steps to factoring: 1. Always factor out the Greatest Common Factor (If possible).
2. Factor the first and third term.
3. Figure out the middle term.
1. x 6x 1
2. x 1x 6
3.
5.
6.
Difference of two cubes: a 3 b 3 a ba 2 ab b 2 . Let a = 2x and b = 3 and use the formula to get :
7.
2x 34x
7 y 6
6x 9
X.
8.
32 x 1
Quadratic Equations
Steps: 1. Get zero on one side of the equals
2. Factor
3. Set each factor to zero
4. Solve for your variable
4a 1a 2 0
1.
4a 2 9a 2 0
2.
3, -3
3.
25x 2 6 30 25x 2 6 30 30 30
4.
2,
b b 2 4ac
2a
4a 1 0 or a 2 0
1
or a -2
4
25x 2 36 0 5x - 65x 6 0 x
6
6
or x
5
5
1
3
1 5
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elementary algebra[1].docx
XI.
1.
Rational Expressions
Need to find a common denominator (factor denominators to see what you need), add, and then reduce (if
possible) at the very end.
4
3a
4
3a
4
a
3a
2
4a
6a
10a
2a 2 a 2 a 2a 1 a a 1 2a 1 a a a 1 2 2a a 1 2a a 1 2a a 1
5
a 1
2.
This problem uses the same technique as above. Be careful of the subtraction.
x 2
x 1
3
4
3
4
3
4
2
2
x 1 x 3x 2 x 1x 1 x 2x 1 x 1x 1 x 2 x 2x 1 x 1
3x 6
4x 4
3x 6 4x 4
x 10
x 1x 1x 2 x 1x 1x 2 x 1x 1x 2 x 1x 1x 2
3.
2
3x 2x 8 4x 12 3x 4x 2 4x 3 3x 4x 2 4x 3 x 2
4. Division is the same process with one extra step (invert & multiply):
1 x x 1
a
b
c
d
a d
.
b c
16 x
x 2x 8 4 x 4 x x 4x 2 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 x
2
x 2x 4 2 x 2 x x 2x 4 x 4x 2
x 2x 8
4 x2
x 44 x x 22 x x 44 x x 22 x
1
x 2x 4 x 4x 2 x 2x 4 x 4x 2
2
x y xy x y 2 y x
2y x
1
1
xy
1
xy
xy
Annihilate the denominators by multiplying both sides of the equation by the LCD x 1x 14 , solve the
resulting, fractionless equation, and check answers in the original equation to insure that the denominators are
not zero.
2
1
5
1 5
2
x - 1x 14
x - 1x 14 2x 14 x 14 5x 1x 1
x 1 x 1 4
x
1
x
1 4
3
8x 8 4x - 4 5x 2 - 5 5x 2 12x 9 0 5x 3x 3 0 x or x 3
5
Since these answers do not make the denominator zero in the original equation, they are the solution.
7.
8.
k = -3
9.
x = -8
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elementary algebra[1].docx
XII.
Graphing
1. 3x 2 y 6
2.
x 3
3.
y2
4.
5.
y x3
6.
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-3
2
x5
3
y x 2 2
elementary algebra[1].docx
7.
y x2
XIII.
Systems of Equations
The following are 2 dimensional linear equations. Each equation represents a line that can be graphed on the
coordinate plane. The ultimate solution to a system of equations is for the lines to intersect in on point such as
question #1 and #4.
Question #2 has two equations and one is a multiple of the other. Hence, both formulas graph the same line
making the solution infinite.
The last possibility is in question #3. If you graph the lines in question #3, you will see that they are parallel and
do not cross. This system has no solution.
1.
4.
x = 1, y = 2
XIV.
Radicals
) as a door person. If it is two, then two identical factors inside become one outside.
n
1.
2.
8 10
81
x4
3.
6.
4
4
81
x
a n b n ab
a na
b nb
8 10 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 5 4 5
4
4
3 33 3
xxxx
22
3
x
2 3
3 3
2 3
3
12
15
12 15
5
5
5
5
1
18
40
18 40
20
20
225 2 5 2
4.
5.
24x 3 y 6 3 2 2 2 3 x x x y y y y y y 2 x y y3 3 2xy 2 3 3
7.
8.
3 5 3
5 3 3 5 3 3
25 3
22
5 3 5 3 5 3
3
3 5 2 3 3 4 2 6 9 8 6 15 6 20 4 18 8 6 15 6 40 22 7 6
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elementary algebra[1].docx