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ABSTRACT
Cafrune, E. E., Balzarini, M., and Conci, V. C. 2006. Changes in the concentration of an Allexivirus during the crop cycle of two garlic cultivars. Plant Dis. 90:1293-1296.
Garlic can be infected by a number of viruses, including allexiviruses. The coat protein sequence
of an Allexivirus was detected in Argentina and deposited in the EMBL database as Garlic miteborne filamentous virus (accession number X98991); it has high homology with Garlic virus A
(GarV-A). For reliable virus detection, plants should be sampled when virus titer is high to reduce the risk of identifying infected plants as healthy. The objective of this study was to describe
fluctuations in the concentration of this Argentine isolate of GarV-A in two garlic cultivars, Morado-INTA and Nieve-INTA, throughout the crop cycle using the double-antibody sandwich
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Over a 2-year period, for both cultivars,
virus concentration was assessed in samples from the tips section of the youngest leaves of
GarV-A-infected plants, and from basal sections of both dormant and devernalized cloves of
stored bulbs of Morado-INTA. The concentration of GarV-A varied during the crop cycle, but
peaked at the beginning and again at the end of the crop cycle. Virus concentration was slightly
higher in devernalized cloves compared with dormant cloves of Morado-INTA. No correlation
between virus concentration and mean air temperature was observed. The results of this study
recommend sampling times at the beginning of the crop cycle at 64 to 81 days after planting, and
towards the end of the crop cycle to evaluate for the presence of GarV-A by DAS-ELISA.
Additional keywords: Allium sativum, virus identification
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Fig. 1. Mean relative concentrations (RCs) of Garlic virus A (GarV-A; left Y-axis) and percentage of garlic plants that tested positive by direct doubleantibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA; right Y-axis). Known GarV-A-infected plants of cvs. Nieve-INTA and Morado-INTA
were sampled in different months during the crop cycle in A, 2000 and B, 2001 and in C, 2000 and D, 2001, respectively. Dormant cloves (dc) and devernalized cloves (dvc) for C, 2001 and D, 2002 also were sampled. The threshold for positive samples was set at RC = 1.
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Fig. 2. Mean relative Garlic virus A (GarV-A) concentration and mean daily temperature over the 5
days before each sampling period for garlic cvs. A and B, Nieve and C and D, Morado in A and C,
2000 and B and D, 2001.
Plant Disease / October 2006
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throughout the season. LYSV concentration in the garlic cvs. Blanco Mendoza and
Norteo peaked 60 days after planting,
which coincided with the second sampling
date for GarV-A in the present study (64 to
81 days after planting; 7).
The correlation between GarV-A concentration and air temperature also was
evaluated. In the present study, mean daily
temperature and GarV-A concentration
during the crop cycle were not significantly correlated.
Based on our results, optimum sampling
times for GarV-A testing appear to be at
about 64 to 81 days after planting or toward the end of the crop cycle. On the
bulbs, the best sampling time is in devernalized cloves.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the National Agricultural Technology
Institute (INTA), the National Council for Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET),
Crdoba Science Agency, and the Argentine National Secretariat for Science and Technology
(FONCYT and CABBIO) projects for providing the
funds for this study.
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