NOTE 1: Multi Racial Ethnic and National Integration

- Composed primarily of Malays, Chinese and Indians. Malaysian Culture is best

describing as ________________________.
- The presence of Hinduism in the Malay Peninsula has been documented as far back as
the 3rd and 4th century AD.
- With the arrival of Arab traders during the rise of the Melaka Empire, Islam came to
Malaysia.
- The arrival of Chinese traders and the marriage of the Melaka Sultan and a Chinese
princess added to the potpourri of cultures. The arrival of Portuguese, Dutch and English
conquerors over the next 400 years also left their indelible mark on the Malaysian
cultural makeup. All these influences have culminated in the Malaysian culture of today.
13 MAY 1969
Factors:
1. Separation of 3 main races during British Intervention in Malaya.
Malays

:____________________________________________

Chinese

:____________________________________________

Indian

: ____________________________________________

2. Sensitive issues: Challenge of the Malay Supremacy

I.
II.
III.

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________

3. Election 1969
-

Started in Kuala Lumpur on the evening of May 13 1969.

Happened after a misunderstanding between the Malays and Chinese.

After the lost of the Perikatan Party, many people insulted and
humiliated the Malays.

Many lives were lost because of this racial dispute.

To end dispute, public support and co-operations were needed.

DAP (represented by_______________________from Batu Constituency, Selangor)

have won in the general election..
A parade of winning ( From Jln Campbell to Kpg. Baru). Malays felt threatened by the
Chinese Community
The President of DAP , ________________________, apologizes all Malaysian peoples
but it was too late to apologize
WHAT HAPPENED AFTER MAY 13 , 1969?
1. Declaration of emergency state by Tunku Abdul Rahman
2. The Malaysian Government came out with NOC. It was created on 16th of May 1969.
NOC was introduced to maintain back the stability among three main races and faces the
curfew. It was chaired by Tun Abdul Razak, the second Prime Minister of Malaysia.
3. Establishment of Department of Unity in 1970 headed by Tan Sri Mohd Ghazalie
Syafie and its roles.
4. Establishment of National Goodwill Council on July, 18, 1969 and its roles
5. Establishment of the National Consultative Council on 29th January 1970
6. Malaysian National Ideology was established by the Gov. It was created on 31st of
AUGUST 1970

(a year after May 13 incidents) and was introduced by Tun Abdul

Razak in 1970. It was a long term program (1970 1990).

What are they?

1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________
7. NEP was introduced by Tun Abdul Razak in 1970. It was a long term periods from
1970-1990. The strategies were to eradicate poverty and social restructuring.
Projects:
increase productivity and income of the poor in rural areas by opening new land
for agriculture.
create more job opportunities in the industrial sector
improve infrastructure (roads, irrigation etc)
improve public services (health, telephone, etc.)
encourage involvement of all communities in all economic, social and political
activities.
modernize rural life.

About Malays

Their religion is Islam. Before independence, they were allocated by the British
to become ________________________________.

-The modern Malaysian Malay can probably trace their ancestry to the myriad seafaring
islander tribes in the region, from Indonesia, Philippines and Borneo, they are widely
believed to be the first civilization to take root in Malaysia and can be said, with the
exception of the "Orang Asli" indigenous tribes, to be the original settlers to populate the
MalayPeninsula.

In the countryside the Malay population is even more omnipresent, their villages or
"kampungs"

are

scattered

far

and

wide

all

across

the

Peninsula.

-Traditionally farmers and fishermen, the Malay culture has always been intrinsically
linked by a love of the land and a strongly devout belief in Islam. Thusly social norms or
the "adat" of the Malay peoples emphasize good manners, family ties, tolerance and
goodwill.
-Being Muslim, the Malays strictly do not eat pork and only eat Halal (Food prepared in
accordance to Islamic methods) food.
-They also observe daily prayers and the Friday Congregational prayers. During the
month of Ramadan all Muslim observe a half day fast for the month leading to the
celebrations of Hari Raya Puasa on the month of Syawal.
-All Muslims are expected, if at all possible, to conduct a pilgrimage called the "Hadj" to
the holy city of Mecca at least once in their lives.

-Traditional garments for the Malay male compose the "Baju Melayu" and "Songket",
and on formal occasions "Batik" a colorful, silk garment with a brilliant floral motif is
usually worn. "Songkok" a hat, which somewhat resembles a Turkish Tarbush is also
sometimes worn. For the female the "Baju Kurung" and the more formal "Baju Kebaya"
are commonly worn, many Malay Women also wear a "Tudung" a religious headdress
that covers the hair, neck and shoulders but leaves the face visible. As with everybody
else

in

Malaysia

Western

attire

is

just

as

commonly

worn.

Chinese

The example of a Chinese culture is the traditional Chinese calendar that follows
the moon. The months have 29 or 30 days, thus the Chinese year has got 12 lunar months
and therefore 354 days. Every 30 months one month is added. There is a cycle of 5 times
12 that is equal to 60 years. Each of the 12 years stands for a sign of the zodiac with the
corresponding character. The Chinese calendar zodiac is based on 12 animals that is
Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Cock, Dog, Pig, Rat, Ox and Tiger.
The New Year celebration starts actually 2 weeks before and ends 2 weeks after
New Year. There is many rituals that is to make in the Chinese Festival. There is an old
tradition that have been fixed by an astrologer, on which the house must be cleaned by
using bamboo because it is to believe that bamboo can turn out the bad ghosts. But during
the New Year days cleaning is not allowed because it is to say that it will wipe all the luck
away. There is a Chinese custom saying those 7 days before the New Year people will
sacrifice offering to the kitchen god, because it is to say that the kitchen god leaves the
house and the example of the offering is sweet sticky rice.
On the New Year Eve all the member of the Chinese will get together for the big
reunion dinner. After the reunion dinner where the whole family is around, they will pray
at the house temple to the ancestors and after that the children and unmarried young
people get red packets containing money, called Ang Pow.

Indian
The Indian culture celebrates the Panguni Uthiram Festival. This festival occurs
on the full moon day of the Tamil month Panguni. On this day the moon is in the asterism
Utthiram. This is an auspicious date for worship. This day is celebrated by Hindus
because it commemorates celestial marriages. It is known as Kalyana Virutham it means

marriage festival. The Ponggal-Festival is an annual ritual of adding rice to boild milk for
the Ponggal or harvest festival at the Indian temples.

Thousands of Hindus across the country celebrates the first day of the festival at temples
and in their homes to wish for a blessed and prosperous year ahead. The festival is a 3
days celebration with various prayers and ritual. On the first day there are early morning
celebrations which are called Suria Ponggal.

The Thaipusam-festival is when the full moon at end of January or the beginning
of Febuary. The hindus in Malaysia come together to honour the god of war that is also
named Lord Murugan. Many of people crack hundreds of coconuts on the way of the
procession. The sacrificial offering, which is called Kavadi, symbolize the wagon on
which the penitents accompany the god to the temple. In addition to this they are fixed
with sharp iron hooks pierce the skin of the penitents and are pulled by them.
There are several types of integration based on the outcomes of the process of integrating.
1. Assimilation
2. Amalgamation
3. Pluralism
Assimilation refers to a process of interaction that in the end results in minority group
being assimilated by the majority group. This means that the minority groups would
adopt cultural characteristic of the dominant group, whether there are culture, language or
religion. For example, the result of Baba and Nyonya community in Malacca.
Amalgamation means a process of biological integration. It can happen only through
biology, which is marriage between two individuals from different ethnic or racial
background. For example, Chinese who married to Indian equals Chindian.

Pluralism simply refers to a number and that is at least two. Transformations in the socio
cultural practices were so apparent that they were distinguishable from that which was
practiced in their country of origin. Chinese who had migrated from China to New York
may still be Chinese but their practices of the Chinese culture have changed as a result of
their interaction with various racial and ethnic groups such as African, Germans, Italians
and Arabs in the new environment.
Some members of a race have accepted and brought into practice the custom of this
group is called Acculturation whereas every race in this country who wishes to preserve
their respective cultures without wanting to take up other cultural elements are called
Accomodation.
Segregation - Accommodation - Acculturation - Assimilation - Amalgamation

All the five stages above portray how minority groups have become part of the
main stream in the society.

It is depicts the stages of unity and integration in a society based on the form of
the relationship between groups concern.

Every races in this country wishes to preserve their respective cultures without wanting to
take up other cultural elements - Accommodation
There are mix marriages among the variety of races in this country -Amalgamation
Some members of a race have accepted and brought into practice the custom of this
group.- Acculturation
Baba and Nyonya community in Malacca is a result of Assimilation

Characteristic of a plural society means:

Multi racial and there are cultural differences among the people.

These ethnic groups are involved in different forms of economic activities during
British colonisation era.

The Malay society represents the single largest ethnic group in terms of size.

Every ethnic group consist of sub-ethnic group.

As multi racial ethnics, we are very tolerance towards ethnicity, culture, food, language
and cultures and festivals.

Name : ____________________________
ID

: ____________________________

How to enhance the multi-racial ethnics and the national integration in this country?

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