Design of a Multi-Stage Compressor

Motivation: Market research has shown the need for a low-cost turbojet
with a take-off thrust of 12,000N. Preliminary studies will show that a
single-spool all-axial flow machine is OK, using a low pressure ratio and
modest turbine inlet temperatures to keep cost down.
Problem: Design a suitable compressor operating at sea-level static
conditions with
compressor pressure ratio = 4.15
air mass flow
= 20 kg/s
turbine inlet temperature = 1100K
Assume:
Pamb = 1.01 bar, Tamb = 288 K
Inlet rhub / rtip = 0.5
Mean radius is constant
Polytropic efficiency = 0.90
Constant axial velocity design
No swirl at exit of compressor

Utip = 350 m/s

Compressor has no inlet guide vanes

kJ
kg 0 K
kJ
c p 1.005 0
kg K
R 0.287

1.4

Steps in the Meanline Design Process

Steps
1) Choice of rotational speed and annulus dimensions
2) Determine number of stages, using assumed efficiency
3) Calculate air angles for each stage at the mean radius meanline analysis
4) Determine variation of the air angles from root to tip - radial
equilibrium
5) Investigate compressibility effects

6) Select compressor blading, using experimentally obtained

cascade data or CFD
7) Check on efficiency previously assumed
8) Estimate off-design performance
2

Compressor Meanline Design Process

Given
Assume

PR

p0 , T0

T0in turbine

Cx constant

1 0

UT 350 mps

Steps
1) Choose Cx1 and rH/rT to satisfy m and keep Mtip low and define
rT
2) Select N from rT and UT
3) Compute T0 across compressor and all exit flow conditions
[keep rm same through engine]
4) Estimate T0 for first stage from inlet condtions [Euler and de
Haller]
5) Select number of stages T0comp / T0stage
6) ..
7) ..
3

Step 1- Choice of Rotational Speed & Annulus

Dimensions
Construct table of inlet / exit properties and parametric study of
c1x vs. tip Mach number [next chart]
Chose c1x from spread sheet to avoid high tip Mach numbers
and stresses
Calculate 1 from inlet static pressure and temperature
With mass flow = 20 kg/s and rhub/rtip = 0.5

r 2
m ACx rtip2 1 hub Cx
rtip

rtip2

m
r 2
Cx 1 hub
rtip

and compute rotational speed and tip Mach number

2 rtip
U tip

M tip

Wtip

RT

2
where Wtip U tip
Cx2

Calculate Tip Radius and Rotational Speed

Drive choice by compressor inlet conditions
Cx

T1 (degK) P1 (bar) P1 (kg/m2) rho1(kg/m3) rtip (m)

rhub/rtip
N rev/sec N (rpm)
W1tip
M1tip
100 283.0226 0.950214 9692.1879 1.17103756 0.254398876
0.4 218.9643 13137.86 364.0055 1.079401
0.261089548
0.45 213.3531 12801.19
0.269230464
0.5 206.9018 12414.11
0.279178986
0.55 199.5289 11971.73
0.291450527
0.6 191.1277 11467.66
150 276.8009 0.879091 8966.7278 1.10773699 0.213568228
0.4 260.8266 15649.6 380.7887 1.141789
0.219185056
0.45 254.1427 15248.56
0.226019368
0.5 246.458 14787.48
Pick this
0.234371166
0.55 237.6755 14260.53
0.244673143
0.6 227.6681 13660.09
200 268.0905 0.786018 8017.3822 1.0226367 0.192497422
0.4 289.3767 17362.6 403.1129 1.228207
0.19756009
0.45 281.9612 16917.67
0.203720123
0.5 273.4353 16406.12
0.211247926
0.55 263.6915 15821.49
0.220533502
0.6 252.5887 15155.32
250 256.8913 0.676972 6905.1159 0.91916112 0.181607916
0.4 306.7282 18403.69 430.1163 1.338742
0.186384191
0.45 298.868 17932.08
0.192195753
0.5 289.8309 17389.86
0.199297711
0.55 279.5028 16770.17
0.208058005
0.6 267.7344 16064.06

Compute Root (Hub) and Mean Radius

Choose N = 250 rev/sec or 15,000 RPM and rhub/rtip = 0.5
With hub/tip radius ratio and tip radius:

rhub

rhub
rtip 0.5 0 .2262 0.1131 m
rtip

and
rmean 0.1697 m
U1

2 r1 N
266.6 m / s
60
6

Compressor Meanline Design

Given: m, Utip, p01, T01, Pr, poly and c1x chosen to avoid high tip
Mach numbers and stresses

Compressor inlet (1)

T1 1
p1 p01
T01

2
1x

C
T1 T01
2c p

p1
RT1

1/ 2

m
RT

2
R

H
1c1x 1 R
T

R
RH RT H
RT
Ctip

Select RH/RT and Utip (N)

for turbine issues

1
Rm RH RT
2
1/ 2

C12x U tip

M tip

U tip
2 RT

Ctip

RT1

1/ 2

Compressor Meanline Design

Compressor exit (2)

T02 T01 Pr poly 1

p02 p01 Pr

Cx2
T2 T02
2c p

T2 1
p2
p2 p02
2
RT2
T01

m
A2
2C x

A2
blade height at exit h RT RH
2 Rm

Compute Compressor Exit Conditions

Compute Compressor Exit Total Temperature

P02
T02 T01
P01

( 1)

so that T02 = 288.0 (4.15)0.3175 = 452.5 0K,

T0 compressor= 452.5 - 288.0 = 164.5 0K and other conditions:

C2
1502
T2 T02
452.5
441.3
3
2c p
2 1.005 x10
T2 (
P2 P02
T02

1)

441.3
4.19
452.5

3.5

3.838 bar

kg

3.838bar 10200 2

P2
m bar

3.03 kg / m3
kJ
kg m
RT2
0
0.287
102
441.3
K

0
kg K
kJ

Compute Compressor Exit Conditions

Exit area, hub and tip radius:

m
20
A2

0.044 m 2
2Cx 3.031150
r rtip rhub

A2
0.044

0.0413 m
2 rmean
2 0.1697

r
0.0413
rtip rmean
0.1697
0.1903 m
2
2
r
0.0413
rhub rmean
0.1697
0.1491 m
2
2

10

Step 2 - Estimate the Number of Stages

From Eulers Turbine Equation:

T0stage

U (CU 2 CU 1 )
UCx (tan 2 tan 1 )

cP
cp

and (tan 2 tan 1 ) (tan 1 tan 2 )

WU Cx tan( )

CU Cx tan( )

U1

2 r1 N
266.6 m / s
60

With no inlet guide vane (Cu1=0, 1 = 0, and Wu1= -U), the

relative flow angle is:
tan( 1 )

U 266.6

1 60.640
Cx
150

And the relative inlet velocity to the 1st rotor is:

W1

Cx
150

305.9 m / s
cos( 1 ) cos(60.64)

11

Maximum Diffusion Across Compressor Blade-Row

There are various max. diffusion criteria. Every engine company has
its own rules. Liebleins rule is one example. Another such rule is
the de Haller criterion that states:

W2
0.72
1.0
W1

Note that de Hallers criterion is simpler than

Liebleins rule since it does not involve relative
circumferential velocities or solidity. To first order,
this is same as a 0<Dfactor<~0.4. Could use
Liebleins rule but would have to iterate.

This criteria can also take the form of max. pressure ratio with
correlations for relative total pressure loss across the blade row as a
function of Mach number, incidence, thickness/chord, etc. Taking the
maximum diffusion (de Haller), leads to:

W2 0.72 W1 0.72 305.9 220 m / s

cos( 2 )

T0stage

U (CU 2 CU 1 )
cP

C x 150

2 47.010
W2 220

266.6 150 (tan(60.64) tan(47.01))

0

28
K
3
12
1.005 x10

Choose Number of Stages

Given poly and T0out/T0in T0 = T0out -T0in, so the number of
stages is T0 compressor / T0stage = 164.5/28 = 5.9
Typically (T0)stage 40K (subsonic) - 100K (transonic)
Therefore we choose to use six or seven stages. To be
conservative (account for losses, ie. a<1),
Choose 7 stages

Recalculate the T0stage = 164.5/7 = 23.5

So 1st stage temperature ratio is T0 ratio = 288 + 23.5/288 =1.0816
The stage pressure ratio is then P0 ratio = (T0 ratio ) p / 1 = 1.2803
13

Compressor Meanline Design

Develop estimate of the number of stages
Assuming Cx = constant
Cx

T0 stage

cp

tan 1 tan 2

for axial inflow tan1 = Um/Cx

V1 = Cx / cos 1
de Haller criterion (like Dfactor) V2/V1 0.72
cos 2 = Cx/V2
neglect work done factor (=1) (T0)stage = .
(T0)stage Nstages T0out -T0in
Select Nstages and select nearly constant set of (T0)stage
Develop Stage by Stage Design
Assume that continual blockage buildup due to boundary layers reduces
work done, therefore
stage

0.98

0.93

0.88

0.83

0.83

0.83

0.83

14

Compressor Meanline Design

Develop Stage by Stage Design
C = absolute velocity,
CU = absolute velocity in U direction

CU 1 0 axial inf low

tan 1

tan 2

Um
cx
U m CU

cx

W2

C2

c p T0
U m
cx

Um

C1

Constant Cx

W1
U
15

Step 3 - Calculate Velocity Triangles of 1st Stage

at Mean Radius
So from Euler Turbine Equation:

T0stage

U (CU 2 CU 1 ) UCx (tan 2 tan 1 )

23.5
cP
cp

We can re-calculate the relative angles for the 1st stage:

1 0
tan 2

c p T0 stage
UCx

tan( 1 )

1.005 x103 (23.5)

2
30.57 0
266.6 150

U 266.6

1 60.640
Cx
150

tan(1 ) tan(2 ) tan( 2 ) tan(1 ) 2 49.890

which leads to :

W2
0.76 (acceptable according to de Haller criterion)
W1

16

Velocity Components and Reaction of 1st Stage

The velocity components for the 1st stage (rotor) are therefore:

C x 2 150 m / s

C x 150 m / s

CU 2 C x 2 tan 2 88.6 m / s

CU 1 0.0
C1 150 m / s

C 2 C x2 CU2 2 174.21 m / s

U 1 266.6 m / s

U 2 266.6 m / s

WU 1 U 1 266.6 m / s

WU 2 CU 2 U 2 178.0 m / s

W1 C x2 WU21 305.9 m / s

W2 C x2 WU22 232.77 m / s

The Reaction of the 1st stage is given by:

Wu 2 Wu1

266.6 190.31
0.836
2U
2 (266.6)
(which is high for typical designs)
R

17

Velocity Components for Stator of 1st Stage

Now consider the stator of the 1st stage. The h0 of the stator is
zero so from Eulers eqn.:
If design uses assumption of repeating stage, then inlet angle
to stator is absolute air angle coming out of rotor and, exit
absolute angle of stator is inlet absolute angle of rotor:

CU 1 CU 3 0
Cx 3 Cx 2
U 0 for stator, so WU 3 0

1 stator 1 stator 2 rotor

2 stator 2 stator 1 rotor
18

Velocity Triangles of 1st Stage Using Repeating Stage

Assumption
1=0

Cx1=150

W=C-U

1=60.64

W1=305.9

U=- WU1 =266.6

Notice that the velocity triangles

are not symmetric between the
rotor and stator due to the high
reaction design of the rotor. The
rotor is doing most of the static
pressure (temperature) rise.
STATOR

3=0

Cx3=150
3=60.64

C2=174.21
2=30.57
ROTOR

CU2=88.6

Cx2=150
2=49.89

W3=305.9

U=266.6

U=266.6
WU2=178.0

W2=232.77
19

Stage Design Repeats for Stages 2-7

Then the mean radius velocity triangles essentially
stay the same for stages 2-7, provided:
mean radius stays constant
hub/tip radius ratio and annulus area at the exit of each
stage varies to account for compressibility (density variation)
stage temperature rise stays constant
reaction stays constant

If, however, we deviate from the repeating stage

assumption, we have more flexibility in controlling
each stage reaction and temperature rise.
20

Non- Repeating Stage Design Strategy

Instead of taking a constant temperature rise

T0stage 23.5
across each stage, we could reduce the stage temperature rise for
the first and last stages of the compressor and increase it for the
middle stages. This strategy is typically used to:
reduce the loading of the first stage to allow for a wide variation
in angle of attack due to various aircraft flight conditions
reduce the turning required in the last stage to provide for zero
swirl flow going into the combustor
With this in mind, lets change the work distribution in the
compressor to:

T0stage 20.0
1

T0stage

25.0
2, 3, 4, 5, 6

T0stage 20.0
7

21

1st Stage Design for Non-Repeating Stages

We can re-calculate the relative angles for the 1st stage:

1 0
tan 2

c p T0 stage
UCx

1.005 x103 (20)

2
26.68 0
266.6 150

U 266.6
tan( 1 )

1 60.640 (same as before)

Cx
150

tan(1 ) tan(2 ) tan( 2 ) tan(1 ) 2 51.890

which leads to :

W2
0.79 (still acceptable, i.e. 0.72)
W1

(also note the reduced turning due to the reduced work requiremen t)
22

Velocity Components and Reaction of 1st

Stage with Non-Repeating Stages
The new velocity components for the 1st stage (rotor) are
therefore:

C x 150 m / s
CU 1 0.0
C1 150 m / s
U 1 266.6 m / s

C x 2 150 m / s

CU 2 C x 2 tan 2 75.38 m / s
C 2 C x2 CU2 2 167.87 m / s
U 2 266.6 m / s

WU 1 U 1 266.6 m / s

WU 2 CU 2 U 2 191.22 m / s

W1 C x2 WU21 305.9 m / s

W2 C x2 WU22 243.03 m / s

The Reaction of the 1st stage is given by:

Wu 2 Wu1

266.6 190.31
R

0.859
2U
2 (266.6)
with the assumption that C 3 C1 . (note that the reaction increased)
23

Design of 1st Stage Stator

The pressure ratio for this design with a temperature
change, T0 = 20 is:
T02
P02

P01
T01

P
( 1)

288 20

288

0.9 (1.4 )
.4

1.236

So P03= P02 = 1.01 (1.236) = 1.248 bar and T03=

288+20=308 0K

Now we must choose a value of 3 leaving the stator.

When we designed with repeating stages, 3= 1.
But now we have the flexibility to change 3.
24

Design of the 1st Stage Stator & the 2nd Stage

Change 3 so that there is swirl going into the second stage and
thereby reduce the reaction of our second stage design.
Design the second stage to have a reaction of 0.7, then from the
equation for reaction:

Rstage 2

Cx
(tan 1 tan 2 )
2U

And if we design the second stage to a temperature rise of 25 0,

the Eulers equation:

T0 stage 2

UCx

(tan 1 tan 2 )
cp

Which can be solved simultaneously for 1and 2

1 stage2 57.310
2 stage2 42.92 0

25

Design of 1st Stage Stator & 2nd Stage Rotor

Note that this is the same as specifying E, n, and R as
in one of your homeworks and computing the angles.
And the absolute flow angles of the second stage can
be found from
U
tan 1 tan 1 tan 2 tan 2
Cx

So
1 stage2 12.36 0 3 stage1
2 stage2 40.27 0

Therefore, we have determined the velocity triangles of

the 1st stage stator and the second stage rotor
26

Velocity Triangles of 1st Rotor Using NonRepeating Stage Assumption

1=0

Cx1=150

W=C-U

1=60.64

W1=305.9

Notice that the velocity triangles are

not symmetric due to the high
reaction design of the rotor. Also,
there is swirl now leaving the stator.

U=- WU1 =266.6

C3=153.56
STATOR

3=12.36

Cx3=150

3=57.31
C2=167.87
2=26.68

U=266.6
CU2=75.38

Cx2=150
ROTOR

2=51.89

W2=242.03

CU3=32.87

W3=277.73

U=266.6
WU2=191.2
2

WU3=233.7
7

27

Design of 2nd Stage Stator & 3rd Stage Rotor

Design of the 2nd stage stator and 3rd stage rotor can
be done in the same manner as the 1st stage stator
and 2nd stage rotor.
A choice of 50% reaction and a temperature rise of 25
degrees for the 3rd stage will lead to increased work by
the stage but a more evenly balanced rotor/stator
design. The velocity triangle of the stator will be a
mirror of the rotor.
This stage design will then be repeated for stages 4 - 6.

28

Class 12 - The 7-Stage Compressor Design So

Far Has Lead to 1st and 2nd Stages:
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Cx

Cu1

C1

W1

W u1

0
12.36

26.68
40.27

12.36

60.64
57.31

-51.89
-42.92

-57.31

150
150

0
32.87

150
153.56

305.9
277.73

-266.6
-233.77

M2

Mr2

Cu2

C2

W2

W u2

75.38
127.07

167.87
196.59

243.03
204.86

-191.22
-139.53

M3

Mr3

P01

P02

0.445072 0.804962

1.01
1.248

1.248
1.596

0.488438 0.707125
0.553668 0.576959

P03
1.248
1.596

T01
288
308

M1

Mr1

0.449778 0.917248
0.445072 0.804962

Cu3

C3

W3

W u3

T03/T01

153.56

277.73

-233.77

R
0.874
0.7

P03/P01

32.87

1.236
1.279

1.069
1.081

T02

T03

P1

P2

P3

T1

T2

308
333

T3

308 0.879088 1.060143 1.08932261 276.806 293.9799 296.2683

333 1.089323 1.295942
296.2683 313.7723

29

Design of 2nd Stage Stator

The pressure ratio for the 2nd stage design with a temperature
change, T0 = 25 is:

T02
P02

P01
T01

P
( 1)

308 25

308

0.9 (1.4 )
.4

1.279

So P03= P02= 1.248 (1.279) = 1.596 bar and T03= 308+25=333 0K

Now we must choose a value of 3 leaving the 2nd stage stator
that provides for the desired Reaction and Work in the 3rd stage
using a similar technique as previously used.

30

Design of 2nd Stage Stator & 3rd Stage

We can change 3 so that there is swirl going into the third
stage and thereby reduce the reaction of our second stage
design. If we design the third stage to have a reaction of 0.5,
then from the equation for reaction:

Rstage 3

Cx
(tan 1 tan 2 )
2U

And if we design the third stage to a temperature rise of 25 0, the

Eulers equation:

T0 stage 3

UCx

(tan 1 tan 2 )
cp

Which can be solved simultaneously for 1and 2

1 stage3 50.26 0
2 stage3 29.88 0

31

Design of 2nd Stage Stator & 3rd Stage Rotor

And the absolute flow angles of the second stage can be found
from
U

Cx
So

tan 1 tan 1 tan 2 tan 2

1 stage3 29.88 0 3 stage2

1 stage3 50.26 0

2 stage3 50.26 0

2 stage3 29.88 0

Note the symmetry in angles for 3rd stage due to the 50%
reaction !
Therefore, we have determined the velocity triangles of the 2nd
stage stator and the third stage rotor. Check the de Haller
number for the 3rd stage rotor:

W2
cos 1

.74 which is OK
W1 cos 2

32

Velocity Triangles of 2nd Stage

C3=153.56
3=12.36

W=C-U

Cx3=150

3=57.31

CU3=32.87
C3=172.99

U=266.6

3=29.88

W3=277.73

STATOR
WU3=233.7
7

3=50.26
U=266.6

C2=196.59
2=40.27

ROTOR

Cx3=150 CU3=86.18

W3=234.63
CU2=127.07

Cx2=150
2=42.92
W2=204.86

U=266.6

WU3=180.4
2

WU2=139.5
3

Notice that the velocity triangles are

not symmetric for the second
33
stage due to 70%reaction design
but
will be for 3rd stage (50% reaction).

Summary of Conditions for Stages 1 - 3

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Cx

Cu1

C1

W1

W u1

0
12.36
29.88

26.68
40.27
50.26

12.36
29.88
29.88

-60.64
-57.31
-50.26

-51.89
-42.92
-29.88

-57.31
-50.26
-50.26

150
150
150

0
32.87
86.18

150
153.56
172.99

305.9
277.73
234.63

-266.6
-233.77
180.42

Cu2

C2

W2

W u2

M2

Mr2

Cu3

C3

W3

W u3

P03/P01

T03/T01

75.38
127.07
180.42

167.87
196.59
234.63

243.03
204.86
172.99

-191.22
-139.53
-86.18

32.87
86.18
86.18

153.56
172.99
172.99

277.73
234.63
234.63

-233.77
-180.42
-180.42

R
0.874
0.7
0.5

1.236
1.279
1.256

1.069
1.081
1.075

M3

Mr3

P01

P02

T02

T03

P1

P2

P3

T1

T2

0.445072 0.804962
0.483867 0.656279
0.465906 0.631918

1.01
1.248
1.596

1.248
1.596
2.005

0.488438 0.707125
0.553668 0.576959
0.643754 0.474632

P03
1.248
1.596
2.005

T01
288
308
333

308
333
358

M1

Mr1

0.449778 0.917248
0.445072 0.804962
0.483867 0.656279

T3

308 0.879088 1.060143 1.08932261 276.806 293.9799 296.2683

333 1.089323 1.295942 1.35979317 296.2683 313.7723 318.1117
358 1.359793 1.517323 1.72789178 318.1117 330.6113 343.1117

34

Design of Stages 4-6

The velocity triangles of stages 4 through 6 will
essentially be repeats of stage 3 since all have a 50%
reaction and a temperature rise of 25 degrees.
Stagnation and static pressure as well as stagnation
and static temperature of these stages will increase as
you go back through the machine.

As a result, density will also change and will have to be

compensated for by changing the spanwise radius
difference (area) between the hub and tip (i.e. hub/tip
radius ratio)
35

Velocity Triangles of Stages 3 - 6

C3=172.99
3=29.88

W=C-U

Cx3=150 CU3=86.18

C3=172.99

3=50.26

3=29.88

U=266.6

Cx3=150 CU3=86.18

STATOR

3=50.26
W3=234.63

U=266.6
WU3=180.4
2

ROTOR

W3=234.63
C2=234.63
2=50.26
Cx2=150
2=29.88
W2=172.99

CU2=180.42

WU3=180.4
2

U=266.6
WU2=86.18

Notice that the velocity triangles

are symmetric due to the
36
50%reaction design.

Summary of Conditions for Stages 1 - 6

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Cx

Cu1

C1

W1

W u1

M1

Mr1

0
12.36
29.88
29.88
29.88
29.88

26.68
40.27
50.26
50.26
50.26
50.26

12.36
29.88
29.88
29.88
29.88
29.88

-60.64
-57.31
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26

-51.89
-42.92
-29.88
-29.88
-29.88
-29.88

-57.31
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26

150
150
150
150
150
150

0
32.87
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18

150
153.56
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99

305.9
277.73
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63

-266.6
-233.77
180.42
180.42
180.42
180.42

0.449778
0.445072
0.483867
0.465906
0.449807
0.435269

0.917248
0.804962
0.656279
0.631918
0.610083
0.590365

Cu2

C2

W2

W u2

M2

Mr2

Cu3

C3

W3

W u3

P03/P01

T03/T01

75.38
127.07
180.42
180.42
180.42
180.42

167.87
196.59
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63

243.03
204.86
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99

-191.22
-139.53
-86.18
-86.18
-86.18
-86.18

0.488438
0.553668
0.643754
0.620713
0.599981
0.581197

0.707125
0.576959
0.474632
0.457644
0.442359
0.42851

32.87
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18

153.56
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99

277.73
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63

-233.77
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42

R
0.874
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

1.236
1.279
1.256
1.237
1.22
1.206

1.069
1.081
1.075
1.07
1.065
1.061

M3

Mr3

P01

P02

P03

T01

T02

T03

P1

P2

P3

T1

T2

T3

0.445072
0.483867
0.465906
0.449807
0.435269
0.422056

0.804962
0.656279
0.631918
0.610083
0.590365
0.572443

1.01
1.24836
1.596652
2.005395
2.480674
3.026423

1.24836
1.596652
2.005395
2.480674
3.026423
3.649866

1.24836
1.596652
2.005395
2.480674
3.026423
3.649866

0.879088
1.089637
1.360349
1.728233
2.159102
2.657034

1.060449
1.296472
1.517622
1.913086
2.372762
2.903398

1.08963684
1.36034905
1.72823259
2.15910202
2.65703431
3.22898653

276.806
296.2683
318.1117
343.1117
368.1117
393.1117

293.9799
313.7723
330.6113
355.6113
380.6113
405.6113

296.2683
318.1117
343.1117
368.1117
393.1117
418.1117

288
308
333
358
383
408

308
333
358
383
408
433

308
333
358
383
408
433

37

Stage 7 Design

So going into stage 7, we have P01= 3.65 and T01 = 433. The
requirements for our 7-stage compressor design we have
P0 exit = 4.15 * 1.01 = 4.19 bar
T0 exit = 288.0 (4.15)0.3175 = 452.5 0K

This makes the requirements for stage 7:

T02
452.5

1.045 or T0 452.5 433 19.5

T01
433
P02
1.045
P01

0.9 1.4
0.4

1.149

38

Stage 7 Design
If we assume a Reaction = 0.5 for the 7th stage:

R stage7

T0 stage7

Cx
(tan 1 tan 2 ) 0.5
2U

U Cx

(tan 1 tan 2 ) 19.5

cp

Then, solving equations:

1stage 7 48.590
2 stage 7 32.770

39

Stage 7 Design
And from:

U
tan 1 tan 1 tan 2 tan 2
Cx

or from symmetry of the velocity triangles for 50% reaction:

1 stage7 32.77 0 3 stage7

2 stage7 48.59 0
Note that the absolute angles going into stage 7 have changed
from those computed for stages 3 - 6 and that the exit absolute
air angle leaving the compressor is 32.770. This means that a
combustor pre-diffuser is required to take all of the swirl out of
the flow prior to entering the combustor.
40

Summary of Compressor Design

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Cx

Cu1

C1

W1

W u1

M1

Mr1

0
12.36
29.88
29.88
29.88
29.88
32.77

26.68
40.27
50.26
50.26
50.26
50.26
48.59

12.36
29.88
29.88
29.88
29.88
29.88
32.77

-60.64
-57.31
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-48.59

-51.89
-42.92
-29.88
-29.88
-29.88
-29.88
-32.77

-57.31
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-50.26
-48.59

150
150
150
150
150
150
150

0
32.87
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18
96.56

150
153.56
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99
178.39

305.9
277.73
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63
226.78

-266.6
-233.77
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42
-170.08

0.449778
0.445072
0.483867
0.465906
0.449807
0.435269
0.435723

0.917248
0.804962
0.656279
0.631918
0.610083
0.590365
0.553917

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Cu2

C2

W2

W u2

M2

Mr2

Cu3

C3

W3

W u3

T03/T01

167.87
196.59
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63
226.78

243.03
204.86
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99
178.39

-191.22
-139.53
-86.18
-86.18
-86.18
-86.18
-96.56

0.488438
0.553668
0.643754
0.620713
0.599981
0.581197
0.547558

0.707125
0.576959
0.474632
0.457644
0.442359
0.42851
0.430721

32.87
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18
86.18
96.56

153.56
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99
172.99
178.39

277.73
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63
234.63
226.78

-233.77
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42
-180.42
-170.08

R
0.874
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

P03/P01

75.38
127.07
180.42
180.42
180.42
180.42
170.08

1.236
1.279
1.256
1.237
1.22
1.206
1.149

1.069
1.081
1.075
1.07
1.065
1.061
1.045

STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

M3

Mr3

P01

P02

P03

T01

T02

T03

0.445072
0.483867
0.465906
0.449807
0.435269
0.422056
0.425883

0.804962
0.656279
0.631918
0.610083
0.590365
0.572443
0.541407

1.01
1.24836
1.596652
2.005395
2.480674
3.026423
3.649866

1.24836
1.596652
2.005395
2.480674
3.026423
3.649866
4.193696

1.24836
1.596652
2.005395
2.480674
3.026423
3.649866
4.193696

288
308
333
358
383
408
433

308
333
358
383
408
433
452.5

308
333
358
383
408
433
452.5

P1

P2

P3

T1

T2

T3

0.879088
1.089637
1.360349
1.728233
2.159102
2.657034
3.20353

1.060449
1.296472
1.517622
1.913086
2.372762
2.903398
3.42041

1.08963684
1.36034905
1.72823259
2.15910202
2.65703431
3.22898653
3.70197943

276.806
296.2683
318.1117
343.1117
368.1117
393.1117
417.1677

293.9799
313.7723
330.6113
355.6113
380.6113
405.6113
426.9133

296.2683
318.1117
343.1117
368.1117
393.1117
418.1117
436.6677

41

Hub and Tip Radii for Each Blade Row

From the pressure and temperature, we can compute the
density from the equation of state:
STAGE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

P1

P2

P3

T1

T2

T3

0.879088
1.089637
1.360349
1.728233
2.159102
2.657034
3.20353

1.060449
1.296472
1.517622
1.913086
2.372762
2.903398
3.42041

1.089637
1.360349
1.728233
2.159102
2.657034
3.228987
3.701979

276.806
296.2683
318.1117
343.1117
368.1117
393.1117
417.1677

293.9799
313.7723
330.6113
355.6113
380.6113
405.6113
426.9133

296.2683
318.1117
343.1117
368.1117
393.1117
418.1117
436.6677

1
1.10656
1.281488
1.490009
1.755031
2.043674
2.355046
2.675693

1.25687
1.439682
1.599425
1.874463
2.172154
2.494105
2.791621

1.281488
1.490009
1.755031
2.043674
2.355046
2.690866
2.953936

42

Hub and Tip Radii for Each Blade Row

From Continuity:
rtip2

m
r 2
Cx 1 hub
rtip

and our design value of rmean = 0.1697,

rmean 0.5(rtip rhub ) 0.1697 rhub 0.3394 rtip

we can calculate the hub and tip radii (i.e. area) at the entrance
and exit of each blade row:
rtip2

m
.3394 r
tip
Cx 1
rtip

rtip

m
0.1697
Cx (.6788)
43

Hub & Tip Radii for All Stages of Compressor

So we get:
Station
rotor
stator
rotor
stator
rotor
stator
rotor
stator
rotor
stator
rotor
stator
rotor
stator

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

P0abs

0.879088
1.060449
1.089637
1.296472
1.360349
1.517622
1.728233
1.913086
2.159102
2.372762
2.657034
2.903398
3.20353
3.42041
3.701979

1.01
1.24836
1.24836
1.596652
1.596652
2.005395
2.005395
2.480674
2.480674
3.026423
3.026423
3.649866
3.649866
4.193696
4.193696

276.806
293.9799
296.2683
313.7723
318.1117
330.6113
343.1117
355.6113
368.1117
380.6113
393.1117
405.6113
417.1677
426.9133
436.6677

T0abs
288
308
308
333
333
358
358
383
383
408
408
433
433
452.5
452.5

rtip

rhub

0.226203
0.219446
0.21849
0.213129
0.211662
0.208792
0.205326
0.203056
0.200294
0.198484
0.196249
0.194769
0.193067
0.192097
0.190866

0.113197
0.119954
0.12091
0.126271
0.127738
0.130608
0.134074
0.136344
0.139106
0.140916
0.143151
0.144631
0.146333
0.147303
0.148534
44

Conditions in Compressor
Temperature vs. Blade Row #

500
450
400
T0

300
250

350
T
300
250

Blade Row #

15

13

11

Blade Row #

Stagnation Pressure vs. Blade Row #

Pressure vs. Blade Row #

4

Blade Row #

15

13

11

15

13

11

0
7

0
5

Blade Row #

P0
2

Pressure

Stagnation Pressure

200

15

13

11

200

400

350

Tem perature

450

Stagnation Tem perature

Stagnation Temperature vs. Blade Row #

45

Hub & Tip Radii Distribution - Flow Path Area

Hub and Tip Radii vs. Blade Row #
0.25

0.15

rtip
rhub

0.1
0.05

15

13

11

Radius

0.2

Blade Row #

46