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Electric field
Principle:
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Potential probe
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Digital multimeter
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Tasks:
1. The relationship between voltage
and electric field strength is investigated, with constant plate spacing.
LEP
4.2.01
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Related topics
Capacitor, electric field, potential, voltage, equipotential lines.
Principle
A uniform electric field E is produced between the charged
plates of a plate capacitor. The strength of the field is determined with the electric field strength meter, as a function of
the plate spacing d and the voltage U. The potential f within
the field is measured with a potential measuring probe.
Equipment
Plate capacitor, 283283 mm
Capacitor plate w. hole d = 55 mm
Electric field meter
Potential probe
Power supply, 0...600 VDC
High value resistor, 10 M
Blow lamp, butan cartridge, X2000
Butane cartridge
Rubber tubing, i.d. 6 mm
Digital multimeter
Connecting cord, l = 100 mm, green-yellow
Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, red
Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, blue
06233.02
11500.01
11500.10
11501.00
13672.93
07160.00
46930.00
47535.00
39282.00
07134.00
07359.15
07362.01
07362.04
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Tasks
1. The relationship between voltage and electric field strength
is investigated, with constant plate spacing.
2. The relationship between electric field strength and plate
spacing is investigated, with constant voltage.
3. In the plate capacitor, the potential is measured with a
probe, as a function of position.
Set-up and procedure
1. The experimental set up is as shown in Fig. 1. The electric
field meter should first be zero-balanced with a voltage of 0 V.
The electric field strength is now measured at various voltages
at any plate spacing (approx. 10 cm).
Fig. 1: Arrangement for measuring the electric field strength as a function of the voltage and the plate spacing.
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen
24201-00
LEP
4.2.01
-00
Fig. 2: Arrangement for measuring the potential in the plate capacitor as a function of the position.
If one plate is placed in the y-z plane and the other parallel to
it at a distance d, and if boundary disturbances due to the
finite extent
of the plates are disregarded, it follows from (2)
that E lies in the
x-direction and is uniform. Since the field is
irrotational (rot E = 0) it can be represented as the gradient of
a scalar field f:
E = grad f =
f1 f0
U
,
x1 x2
d
(3)
rot E = B
div D = r
rot E = 0
div D = 0 .
0f
0x
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(1)
(2)
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen
LEP
4.2.01
-00
U
= log U log d ,
d
U
x,
d
kV
.
m
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen
24201-00
LEP
4.2.01
-00
24201-00
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen