Module - 2 Introduction To Virtualization

Introduction to Virtualization
Module 2
2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
You Are Here
Course Introduction
Data Protection
Access and Authentication Control
Creating Virtual Machines
Resource Management and Monitoring
VMware vCenter Server
High Availability and Fault Tolerance
Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks
Host Scalability
Configuring and Managing vSphere Storage
Patch Management
Virtual Machine Management
Installing VMware vSphere Components
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
2-2
Importance
VMware vSphere software suite is based on many components with

which a vSphere administrator should be familiar.
This module describes the basic concept of virtualization and
introduces VMware vSphere ESXi and the virtual machine.
This module discusses the fundamental vSphere components and
how vSphere can be used in your datacenter.
2-3
Module Lessons
Lesson 1:
Lesson 2:
vSphere User Interfaces
Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
2-4
Lesson 1:
2-5
Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
Define a virtual machine.
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and
disks.
Describe ESXi architecture.
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.
2-6
Different vSphere Editions

vSphere Standard
vSphere Enterprise*
vSphere Enterprise
Plus*
vSphere Install Configure Manage

vSphere Optimize
and Scale
* Includes previous tier features

2-7
Physical Infrastructure
applications
operating system
physical host
Fibre
Channel
Ethernet
iSCSI
storage
NFS
storage
Network
Fibre Channel
storage
2-8
Virtual Infrastructure
virtual
machines
hypervisor
ESXi host
Fibre
Channel
Ethernet
iSCSI
storage
NFS
storage
network
Fibre Channel
storage
2-9
Physical and Virtual Architecture
physical architecture
virtual architecture
application
operating system
vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
2-10
vSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter
The Software Defined Datacenter

Virtual Datacenter 1
Virtual Datacenter 2
Datacenter Services
Datacenter Services
vSphere
Pooled Networking and Security
Automation
Pooled Storage
Pooled Computing
2-11
Why Use Virtual Machines?

Virtual machine
Physical machine
Difficult to relocate:
Easy to relocate:
Moves require downtime

Specific to physical Hardware
Encapsulated into files

Independent of physical hardware
Difficult to manage:
Easy to manage:
Requires physical maintenance

Hardware failures cause downtime
Hardware has limitations:
Isolated from other virtual machines

Insulated from hardware changes
Provides the ability to support

legacy applications
Hardware changes limit application

support
Allows servers to be consolidated
Servers are physically individual
2-12
Resource Sharing
vSphere
x86
architecture
2-13
CPU Virtualization
application
operating system
vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
2-14
Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
application
1GB
2GB
8GB
operating system
vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
2-15
Physical and Virtual Networking
application
operating system
virtual switch
x86 architecture
vSphere
x86 architecture
2-16
Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS

application
operating system
vSphere
vSphere
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
x86 architecture
NTFS,
ext3, UFS
VMFS
2-17
Encapsulation
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
Datastore (VMware
vSphere VMFS or NFS)
2-18
File-System Layouts
VMFS
Windows
C:
D:
E:
vmfs
volumes
Linux/UNIX
Local
SAN
etc
usr
VM 1
VM 3
VM 2
VM 4
opt
2-19
How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing
Installing vSphere 5 creates

a virtual infrastructure.
Your virtual machines
run in this virtual
infrastructure.
private
cloud
hybrid
cloud
public
cloud
VMware vCloud Director

enables you to create a
cloud.
Third-party providers can
host public or private clouds.
VMware clouds empower
you to run your virtual
machines in a private,
public, or hybrid cloud to fit
your business needs.
2-20
What Is a Private Cloud?
Individual departments or internal corporate organizations (divisions) are able

to deploy and manage IT infrastructure through virtual systems as needed.
IT capabilities are provided as a service, over an intranet, within the enterprise,
and behind the firewall.
Advantages
Internet
enterprise private cloud
Gizmo
division
Widget
division
Human
Resources
Sales
Self-service provisioning
Elasticity of resources
Rapid and simplified
provisioning
Secured multitenancy
Improved use of IT
resources
Better control of IT
budgets
2-21
What Is a Public Cloud?
A cloud service provider hosts general IT operations for multiple

businesses.
IT resources are provided as a service over the Internet.
A public cloud is similar to a utility or an Internet service provider.
Advantages
cloud service provider
Public clouds have all of the

advantages of a private cloud:
Customer management of IT
Rapid and flexible deployments
Efficient and cost-effective
deployments
Secure IT assets
Customer companies no longer have

IT as an ongoing overhead expense.
company
A
company company
B
C
2-22
What Is a Hybrid Cloud?

Hybrid
Cloud
App
Loads
Management
App
Loads
Bridge
vSphere
Management
vSphere
Private
Clouds
App
Loads
Public
Clouds
Some cloud-based assets are accessible internally over an intranet.
Some cloud-based assets are accessible externally over the Internet.

Companies first move applications and data to their private cloud.
Companies can reap additional cost savings by moving to an externally
accessible cloud.
Applications are transitioned by using software that meets open standards.
2-23
Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:

Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
Define a virtual machine.
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and
disks.
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.
2-24
Lesson 2:
vSphere User Interfaces
2-25
Learner Objectives

Download and install the VMware vSphere Client.
Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
View or configure ESXi settings:
Processor and memory configuration

ESXi system logs
Licensed features
Use the VMware vSphere Web Client.

Manage ESXi from the command prompt.
2-26
User Interfaces
172.17.17.32
,36,38, 221
ROOT+
LDAP AUTH
ESXi
host
vSphere Client
vCenter
Server
your
desktop
172.17.17.50
Web Client
https://172.17.17.50:9443/vsphere-client/#
2-27
Downloading vSphere Client

vSphere Client is an interface
used to connect remotely to
VMware vCenter Server or
an ESXi host from a Windows
system.
Point to the vCenter

Server or ESXi host.
To download the vSphere

Client:
Use the VMware

Infrastructure Management
Installer.
Download the client from the
vCenter Server system or an
ESXi host.
Download the vSphere

Client to a supported
Windows system.
Internet access is required.
2-28
Using the vSphere Client
On the vSphere Client

login screen, enter the
following:
Host name or IP
address of ESXi host
or vCenter Server
User name
Password for that user
(Optional) Use your
Windows session
credentials.
2-29
vSphere Client: Configuration Tab
2-30
Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration
2-31
Viewing ESXi System Logs
Use vSphere Client to view logs.
Export system
logs to an archive
file:
Send to VMware
Support.
2-32
Viewing Licensed Features

Before purchasing
licenses, you can install
ESXi in evaluation mode:
Intended for
demonstration and
evaluation purposes
Allows software to be
completely operational
immediately after
installation
Does not require any
licensing configuration
Provides full functionality
for 60 days
2-33
vSphere Web Client

Installer located on ISO image
Install locally to vCenter Server or to remote systems
Remote installations are recommended when possible
https://<FQDN or IP Address>
:9443/vsphere-client/
Install Client Integration

plug-in for console access
vSphere Web Client is included with vCenter Server Appliance

2-34
vSphere Web Client Architecture
vSphere Web
Client runs within
a browser
Application
Server that
provides a scalable
backend
The Inventory
Service obtains
optimized data live
from the core
vCenter Server
process
VMware vCenter
Server in either
single or Linked
mode operation
2-35
vSphere Web Client Plug-in Packages
Plug-ins are now server based:
Re-created in FLEX
HTML plug-ins (temporary workaround)
VMware plug-ins:
VMware vSphere Update Manager
VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager (SRM)

VMware vShield Manager
All VMware solutions will integrate as they are updated.

Third party plug-ins:
EMC, NetApp, HP, Dell, and others
2-36
vSphere Web Client: Object Navigator
Breaks the traditional hierarchy view of an

object:
Objects linked and displayed by relationships

The Home screen retains its original
appearance
Allows an administrator to view objects by

solutions
Enables administrators to jump to crucial
elements faster through relationships and
object search
Reduces client clutter and repetitive
information by simplifying display of objects
Displayed objects are all that is communicated
between server and browser
2-37
Managing ESXi from the Command Prompt
To perform management tasks from a remote command prompt, use:

VMware vSphere Command-Line Interface (vCLI):
Set of commands run from a remote Linux or Windows system and

executed on an ESXi host
Packaged as an application
VMware vSphere Management Assistant (vMA):
Platform for running a variety of toolkits:
vCLI
VMware vSphere SDK for Perl

VMware vSphere API
Packaged as a virtual appliance based on Linux
VMware vSphere PowerCLI:
Automation tool for administering a vSphere environment

Distributed as a snap-in to Windows PowerShell
2-38
Lab 1
In this lab, you will install student desktop components.

1. Access your student desktop system.
2. Install the vSphere Client.
2-39

Download and install the VMware vSphere Client.
Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
View or configure ESXi settings:

ESXi system logs
Licensed Features
Use the VMware vSphere Web Client.

Manage ESXi from the command prompt.
2-40
Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
2-41
Learner Objectives

Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host.
View ESXi settings:

Licensing
NTP client
DNS and routing
Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
2-42
VMware ESXi
ESXi:
Is available for purchase with vSphere 5 or a free version can be
downloaded
Has high-security
Memory hardening
Kernel module integrity
Trusted platform module
Has a small disk footprint

Can be installed on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or
directly into memory
2-43
ESXi Architecture
2-44
Configuring ESXi
The direct console user interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a

computer with a keyboard-only user interface.
2-45
Configuring ESXi: root Access

The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:
Set a root password (complex passwords only).
Enable or disable lockdown mode:
Limits host management to vCenter Server and user root access to

DCUI only
2-46
Configuring ESXi: Management Network
The DCUI allows you to modify network settings:

Host name
IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)
DNS servers
2-47
Configuring ESXi: Other Settings
The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:

Configure keyboard layout.
View support information.
View system logs.
Enable troubleshooting services, when required.
2-48
ESXi as an NTP Client

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a
client-server protocol used to
synchronize a computers clock to a
time reference.
NTP
server
NTP is important:
NTP
server
NTP
server
For accurate performance graphs

For accurate time stamps in log
messages
So that virtual machines have a

source to synchronize with
An ESXi host can be configured as an
NTP client.
It can synchronize time with an NTP
server on the Internet or your
corporate NTP server.
NTP
client
NTP client uses

UDP over port 123
to communicate
with NTP server.
ESXi host
2-49
Network Settings: DNS and Routing
The DNS and

Routing link
enables you to
change these
settings:
Host name and
domain
DNS server
addresses and
search domains
Default VMkernel
gateway
2-50
Remote Access Settings: Security Profile
On ESXi hosts:
Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host.
Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote hosts.
Unless configured otherwise, daemons will start and stop with the ESXi
host:
For example, DCUI or NTP server
2-51
ESXi User Account Best Practices
You should implement the following user account best practices:

Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host.
Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host.
Ideally, use vCenter Server and thus vCenter Server user accounts
to manage hosts.
2-52
Lab 2
In this lab, you will configure an ESXi host.

1. Connect to an ESXi host with the vSphere Client.
2. View the host hardware configuration.
3. Configure the DNS and routing information for an ESXi host.
4. Configure an ESXi host as an NTP client.
5. Configure an ESXi host to use the directory services.
2-53

Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host.
View ESXi settings:

Licensing
NTP client
DNS and routing
Security profile
Identify user account best practices.
2-54
Key Points
Using virtual machines solves many datacenter problems.

Virtual machines are hardware independent.
Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on
which they reside.
A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy to transfer and back up.
Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a
datastore.
ESXi runs directly on the host.
vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual
machine use.
Questions?
2-55

Module - 2 Introduction To Virtualization

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Module - 2 Introduction To Virtualization

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Introduction to Virtualization

2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

You Are Here

Access and Authentication Control

Creating Virtual Machines

Resource Management and Monitoring

VMware vCenter Server

High Availability and Fault Tolerance

Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks

Configuring and Managing vSphere Storage

Virtual Machine Management

Installing VMware vSphere Components

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere software suite is based on many components with

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

vSphere User Interfaces

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Different vSphere Editions

vSphere Install Configure Manage

* Includes previous tier features

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical and Virtual Architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

vSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter

The Software Defined Datacenter

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Why Use Virtual Machines?

Moves require downtime

Encapsulated into files

Requires physical maintenance

Hardware has limitations:

Isolated from other virtual machines

Provides the ability to support

Hardware changes limit application

Allows servers to be consolidated

Servers are physically individual

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical and Virtual Networking

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing

Installing vSphere 5 creates

VMware vCloud Director

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

What Is a Private Cloud?

Individual departments or internal corporate organizations (divisions) are able

enterprise private cloud

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

What Is a Public Cloud?

A cloud service provider hosts general IT operations for multiple

cloud service provider

Public clouds have all of the