1

2
3
4Article :
5

Global Warming

6
Global warming and climate change can both refer to the observed century-scale rise in
7the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects, although climate
8change can also refer to any historic change in climate. Multiple lines of scientific evidence show
9that the climate system is warming. More than 90% of the additional energy stored in the climate
10system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming; the remainder has melted ice, and warmed the
11continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented
12over decades to millennia.
13
Scientific understanding of global warming has been increasing. In its fifth assessment
14(AR5) in 2014 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that scientists
15were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations
16of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections
17summarized in AR5 indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely
18to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 C (0.5 to 3.1 F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent
19mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 C (4.7 to 8.6 F) for their highest. These findings have been
20recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.

21
Future climate change and associated impacts will be different from region to
22region around the globe. The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea
23levels and a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well as a probable expansion
24of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic, with the
25continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include
26more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and
27heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes.
28Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and
29the loss of habitat from inundation.
30
Possible
responses
to
global
warming
include mitigation by
emissions
31reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systemsresilient to its effects, and possible
32future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework
33Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC), whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous
34anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to
35reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the
36UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming
37should be limited to below 2.0 C (3.6 F) relative to the pre-industrial level. (Global warming,
382015)
39
The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole, and everywhere in between.
40Globally, the mercury is already up more than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degree Celsius), and even
41more in sensitive polar regions. And the effects of rising temperatures arent waiting for some
42far-flung future. Theyre happening right now. Signs are appearing all over, and some of them
43are surprising. The heat is not only melting glaciers and sea ice, its also shifting precipitation
44patterns and setting animals on the move.
45Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening.
46
47

Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earths poles. This includes mountain
glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice.

48
49

Researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adlie penguins on Antarctica,
where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years.

50

Sea level rise became faster over the last century.

51
52

Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine plants have moved farther north or to higher, cooler
areas.

53

Precipitation (rain and snowfall) has increased across the globe, on average.

54
55
56

Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska thanks to 20 years of warm summers. The
insects have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees.
Other effects could happen later this century, if warming continues.

57
58
59

Sea levels are expected to rise between 7 and 23 inches (18 and 59 centimeters) by the
end of the century, and continued melting at the poles could add between 4 and 8
inches (10 to 20 centimeters).

60

Hurricanes and other storms are likely to become stronger.

61
62

Species that depend on one another may become out of sync. For example, plants could
bloom earlier than their pollinating insects become active.

63
64

Floods and droughts will become more common. Rainfall in Ethiopia, where droughts
are already common, could decline by 10 percent over the next 50 years.

65
66
67

Less fresh water will be available. If the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru continues to melt at
its current rate, it will be gone by 2100, leaving thousands of people who rely on it for
drinking water and electricity without a source of either.

68

Some diseases will spread, such as malaria carried by mosquitoes.

69
Ecosystems will change and some species will move farther north or become more
70
successful; others wont be able to move and could become extinct. Wildlife research
71
scientist Martyn Obbard has found that since the mid-1980s, with less ice on which to
72
live and fish for food, polar bears have gotten considerably skinnier. Polar bear
73
biologist Ian Stirling has found a similar pattern in Hudson Bay. He fears that if sea ice
74
disappears, the polar bears will as well.(Washington et al., n.d.)
75What Causes Global Warming?

76

77
Scientists have spent decades figuring out what is causing global warming. They've
78looked at the natural cycles and events that are known to influence climate. But the amount and
79pattern of warming that's been measured can't be explained by these factors alone. The only way
80to explain the pattern is to include the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by humans.
81
To bring all this information together, the United Nations formed a group of scientists
82called the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC. The IPCC meets every few
83years to review the latest scientific findings and write a report summarizing all that is known
84about global warming. Each report represents a consensus, or agreement, among hundreds of
85leading scientists.
86
One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases
87responsible for warming, and humans emit them in a variety of ways. Most come from the
88combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories and electricity production. The gas responsible for
89the most warming is carbon dioxide, also called CO2. Other contributors include methane
90released from landfills and agriculture (especially from the digestive systems of grazing
91animals), nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and
92the loss of forests that would otherwise store CO2.
93
Different greenhouse gases have very different heat-trapping abilities. Some of them can
94even trap more heat than CO2. A molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the warming
95of a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than CO2. Other gases, such as
96chlorofluorocarbons (which have been banned in much of the world because they also degrade
97the ozone layer), have heat-trapping potential thousands of times greater than CO2. But because
98their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of these gases adds as much warmth to the
99atmosphere as CO2 does.
100
In order to understand the effects of all the gases together, scientists tend to talk about all
101greenhouse gases in terms of the equivalent amount of CO2. Since 1990, yearly emissions have
102gone up by about 6 billion metric tons of "carbon dioxide equivalent" worldwide, more than a 20
103percent increase.(Washington et al., n.d.)
104
105
106
My Opinion :
Global Warming is dangerous thing that waiting for us in the future. We must change our
habit from using fossil fuel excessively and saving the energy from using excessively. Global
warming can be solved if we can plant and protect the forest because the forest is the lungs of the
world that can absorb the CO2 and produce the O2 that means forest can decrease the emissions
gas and decrease the effect of the global warming.

Line
6-8

8-11

Sentences

Translate

Tenses
Global
Pemanasan global dan Simple
warming and climate
perubahan iklim dapat Present
change can both refer to the keduanya
merujuk Tense

How
Simple

When
Present

observed century-scale rise

in the average temperature
of
the
Earth's climate
system and
its
related
effects,
although climate
change can also refer to any
historic change in climate.

pada kenaikan skala

abad diamati pada
suhu rata-rata sistem
iklim bumi dan efek
yang terkait, meskipun
perubahan iklim juga
dapat mengacu pada
setiap perubahan yang
bersejarah di iklim.

Multiple lines of scientific

evidence show that the
climate
system
is
warming. More than 90% of
the additional energy stored
in the climate system since
1970 has gone into ocean
warming; the remainder has
melted ice, and warmed the
continents and atmosphere.

Perfect

Past

Simple

Past

Beberapa baris bukti Past Perfect

ilmiah menunjukkan
bahwa sistem iklim
pemanasan. Lebih
dari 90% dari energi
tambahan
yang
tersimpan
dalam
sistem iklim sejak
tahun 1970 telah
merujuk
pada
pemanasan
laut;
sisanya
telah
mencair es, dan
menghangatkan
benua dan atmosfer.
11-12 Many of the observed Banyak perubahan Past Tense
changes since the 1950s are yang diamati sejak
unprecedented over decades tahun 1950-an yang
to millennia.
belum pernah terjadi
sebelumnya selama
beberapa
dekade
untuk ribuan tahun.
13

Scientific understanding of Pemahaman ilmiah Continuous

global warming has been tentang pemanasan Tense
increasing
global
telah

13-16 In

its fifth

meningkat
assessment Dalam
penilaian Past Tense

Continuous Present

Simple

Past

(AR5) in
2014
the
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate
Change (IPCC)
reported that scientists were
more than 95% certain that
most of global warming is
caused
by
increasing
concentrations
of greenhouse
gases and
other human (anthropogenic)
activities

16-19 Climate

model projections
summarized
in
AR5
indicated that during the 21st
century the global surface
temperature is likely to rise a
further 0.3 to 1.7 C (0.5 to
3.1 F)
for
their
lowest emissions
scenario using
stringent
mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 C
(4.7 to 8.6 F) for their
highest.

19-20

These findings have been

recognized by the national
science academies of the
major
industrialized
nations.

kelima (AR5) pada

tahun 2014 Panel
Antarpemerintah
tentang Perubahan
Iklim
(IPCC)
melaporkan bahwa
para ilmuwan lebih
dari 95% yakin
bahwa
sebagian
besar
dari
pemanasan
global
disebabkan
oleh
meningkatnya
konsentrasi
gas
rumah kaca dan
manusia
(antropogenik)
kegiatan lainnya
Proyeksi
model
iklim
diringkas
dalam
AR5
menunjukkan bahwa
selama abad ke-21
suhu
permukaan
global kemungkinan
akan
meningkat
lebih lanjut 0,3-1,7
C (0,5-3,1 F) untuk
skenario
emisi
terendah
menggunakan
mitigasi ketat dan
2,6-4,8 C (4.7
menjadi 8,6 F)
untuk tertinggi.
Temuan ini telah
diakui oleh akademi
sains nasional dari
negara-negara
industri utama.

Past Tense

Simple

Present
Perfect
Continuous
Tense

Perfect
Present
Continuous

21-22 Future climate change and Perubahan iklim di Future

associated impacts will be masa depan dan Tense
different from region to dampak terkait akan

Simple

Past

Future

region around the globe.

berbeda dari daerah

ke daerah di seluruh
dunia.

22-24 The effects of an increase in Efek

dari Present
global temperature include peningkatan
Tense
a rise in sea levels and a temperatur
global
change in the amount and termasuk kenaikan
pattern of precipitation, as
permukaan air laut
well as a probable expansion
dan
perubahan
of subtropical deserts.
jumlah dan pola
presipitasi,
serta
perluasan
kemungkinan gurun
subtropis.
24-25 Warming is expected to Pemanasan
Past Tense
be strongest in the Arctic, diperkirakan
akan
with the continuing retreat of terkuat di Kutub
glaciers, permafrost and sea
Utara,
dengan
ice
mundur terus gletser,
lapisan es dan es laut

Simple

Present

Simple

Past

25-27 Other likely effects of the Efek kemungkinan

warming
include
more lain dari pemanasan
frequent extreme
ini
termasuk
weather events
peristiwa
cuaca
including heat
ekstrim lebih sering
waves, droughts,
termasuk gelombang
heavy rainfall,
and
panas, kekeringan,
heavy snowfall; ocean
acidification;
and species hujan deras, dan
extinctions due to shifting hujan salju berat;
pengasaman
laut;
temperature regimes.
dan
kepunahan
spesies
karena
pergeseran
rezim
suhu.
28-29 Effects significant to humans Efek yang signifikan
include the threat to food untuk
manusia
security from
decreasing termasuk ancaman
crop yields and the loss of terhadap keamanan
habitat from inundation
makanan
dari
penurunan
hasil
panen dan hilangnya
habitat
dari
genangan

Present
Tense

Simple

Present

Present
Tense

Simple

Present

30-32 Possible responses to global Kemungkinan

Present
warming
tanggapan terhadap Tense

Simple

Present

include mitigation by
emissions
reduction, adaptation to its
effects,
building
systemsresilient to
its
effects,
and
possible
future climate engineering.

pemanasan
global
termasuk
mitigasi
oleh
penurunan
emisi,
adaptasi
terhadap
dampaknya,
membangun sistem
tahan terhadap efek,
dan
kemungkinan
rekayasa iklim di
masa depan.

32-34 Most countries are parties to Sebagian

besar
the United
Nations negara yang menjadi
Framework Convention on pihak
dalam
Climate
Konvensi Kerangka
change (UNFCCC), whose
Kerja PBB tentang
ultimate
objective
is
perubahan
iklim
to prevent
dangerous
(UNFCCC),
yang
anthropogenic
climate
tujuan
utamanya
change.
adalah
untuk
mencegah perubahan
iklim antropogenik
yang berbahaya.
34-37
UNFCCC
telah
The
UNFCCC
have mengadopsi
adopted a range of berbagai kebijakan
dirancang
policies
designed
to yang
reduce greenhouse gas untuk mengurangi
emisi gas rumah
emissions and to assist
kaca dan untuk
in adaptation to global membantu
dalam
warming. Parties to the adaptasi
terhadap
pemanasan
global.
UNFCCC have agreed
Pihak
UNFCCC
that deep cuts in emissions
telah sepakat bahwa
are required, and that pemotongan emisi
future global warming yang diperlukan, dan
should be limited to below bahwa pemanasan
2.0 C (3.6 F) relative to global di masa depan
harus dibatasi di
the pre-industrial level.
bawah 2,0 C (3.6
F) relatif terhadap
tingkat pra-industri.
38-43 The planet is warming,
from North Pole to South

Present
Tense

Simple

Present

Perfect
Tense

Perfect

Present

Planet ini memanas, Continuous

dari Kutub Utara ke Tense

Continuous Present

Pole, and everywhere in

between. Globally, the
mercury is already up
more than 1 degree
Fahrenheit (0.8 degree
Celsius), and even more in
sensitive polar regions.
And the effects of rising
temperatures arent
waiting for some far-flung
future. Theyre happening
right now. Signs are
appearing all over, and
some of them are
surprising. The heat is not
only melting glaciers and
sea ice, its also shifting
precipitation patterns and
setting animals on the
move.

Kutub Selatan, dan

di mana-mana di
antara
keduanya.
Secara
global,
merkuri sudah naik
lebih dari 1 derajat
Fahrenheit
(0,8
derajat Celsius), dan
bahkan lebih di
daerah
kutub
sensitif. Dan dampak
kenaikan suhu tidak
menunggu
untuk
beberapa masa yang
sangat luas. Mereka
terjadi
sekarang.
Tanda-tanda
yang
muncul di seluruh,
dan beberapa dari
mereka
yang
mengejutkan. Panas
tidak hanya mencair
gletser dan es laut,
itu juga pergeseran
pola curah hujan dan
pengaturan hewan
bergerak.

44

Beberapa
dampak Continuous
Some
impacts
from dari
peningkatan Tense
increasing temperatures suhu sudah terjadi
are already happening

Continuous Present

45

Es
mencair
di Continuous
Ice is melting worldwide, seluruh
dunia, Tense
especially at the Earths terutama pada kutub
bumi.
poles.

Continuous Present

47-48 Researcher Bill Fraser has

tracked the decline of the
Adlie penguins on
Antarctica, where their
numbers have fallen from
32,000 breeding pairs to
11,000 in 30 years.

Peneliti Bill Fraser Past Tense

telah
melacak
penurunan penguin
Adelie di Antartika,
di mana jumlah
mereka telah jatuh
dari
32.000
pasangan
11.000
dalam 30 tahun.

Simple

Past

49

Kenaikan
Past Tense
Sea level rise became permukaan
laut
faster over the last menjadi lebih cepat
selama abad terakhir.
century.

Simple

Past

50

Some butterflies, foxes,

and alpine plants have
moved farther north or to
higher, cooler areas.

Beberapa
kupu- Past Tense
kupu, rubah, dan
tanaman alpine telah
pindah lebih jauh ke
utara atau lebih
tinggi, lebih dingin .

Simple

Past

52-55 Precipitation (rain and

snowfall) has increased
across the globe, on
average.
Spruce bark beetles have
boomed in Alaska thanks
to 20 years of warm
summers. The insects
have chewed up 4 million
acres of spruce trees.
Other effects could
happen later this century,
if warming continues.

Curah hujan (hujan Perfect

dan salju) telah Tense
meningkat di seluruh
dunia, rata-rata.
kumbang kulit kayu
Spruce
telah
meledak di Alaska
berkat 20 tahun
musim panas yang
hangat.
Serangga
telah dikunyah 4 juta
hektar
pohon
cemara.
Efek lainnya bisa
terjadi nanti abad
ini, jika pemanasan
berlanjut.
Permukaan
laut Past Tense
diperkirakan
akan
meningkat antara 7
dan 23 inci (18 cm
dan 59) pada akhir
abad ini, dan terus
mencair di kutub
akan
menambah
antara 4 dan 8 inci
(10 sampai 20 cm).

Perfect

Present

Simple

Past

Badai dan badai Present

lainnya cenderung Tense
menjadi lebih kuat.
Spesies
yang
bergantung
pada
satu sama lain dapat

Simple

Present

56-58

Sea levels are expected to

rise between 7 and 23
inches (18 and 59
centimeters) by the end of
the century, and continued
melting at the poles could
add between 4 and 8
inches
(10
to
20
centimeters).

59-61 Hurricanes and other

storms are likely to
become stronger.
Species that depend on
one another may become
out of sync. For example,

plants could bloom earlier

than their pollinating
insects become active.

62-73 Floods and droughts will

become more common.
Rainfall in Ethiopia,
where droughts are
already common, could
decline by 10 percent over
the next 50 years.
Less fresh water will be
available. If the Quelccaya
ice cap in Peru continues
to melt at its current rate,
it will be gone by 2100,
leaving thousands of
people who rely on it for
drinking water and
electricity without a
source of either.
Some diseases will spread,
such as malaria carried by
mosquitoes.
Ecosystems will change
and some species will
move farther north or
become more successful;
others wont be able to
move and could become
extinct. Wildlife research
scientist Martyn Obbard
has found that since the
mid-1980s, with less ice
on which to live and fish
for food, polar bears have
gotten considerably
skinnier. Polar bear
biologist Ian Stirling has
found a similar pattern in
Hudson Bay. He fears
that if sea ice disappears,

menjadi
tidak
sinkron. Misalnya,
tanaman bisa mekar
lebih
awal
dari
serangga penyerbuk
mereka
menjadi
aktif.
Banjir
dan Future
kekeringan
akan Tense
menjadi
lebih
umum. Curah hujan
di Ethiopia, di mana
kekeringan
sudah
umum, bisa turun 10
persen selama 50
tahun ke depan. air
tawar akan Kurang
tersedia. Jika tutup
es Quelccaya di Peru
terus mencair pada
tingkat saat ini, hal
itu akan hilang pada
tahun
2100,
meninggalkan ribuan
orang
yang
bergantung pada itu
untuk air minum dan
listrik tanpa sumber
baik.
Beberapa
penyakit
akan
menyebar,
seperti
malaria yang dibawa
oleh
nyamuk.
Ekosistem
akan
berubah
dan
beberapa
spesies
akan bergerak lebih
jauh ke utara atau
menjadi
lebih
sukses; orang lain
tidak akan bisa
bergerak dan bisa
punah.
Wildlife
penelitian ilmuwan
Martyn Obbard telah
menemukan bahwa

Simple

Future

the polar bears will as

well.

76-77

77-78

Scientists have spent

decades figuring out what
is
causing
global
warming. They've looked
at the natural cycles and
events that are known to
influence climate.

But the amount and

pattern of warming that's
been measured can't be
explained by these factors
alone

78-79 The only way to explain

the pattern is to include
the effect of greenhouse
gases (GHGs) emitted by
humans.

80-81

sejak
pertengahan
1980-an,
dengan
sedikit es yang hidup
dan
ikan
untuk
makanan, beruang
kutub mendapatkan
jauh lebih kurus.
Beruang
kutub
biologi Ian Stirling
telah
menemukan
pola yang sama di
Teluk Hudson. Dia
takut bahwa jika es
laut
menghilang,
beruang kutub akan
juga.
Para ilmuwan telah
menghabiskan
puluhan
tahun
mencari tahu apa
yang menyebabkan
pemanasan global.
Mereka
telah
melihat siklus alam
dan peristiwa yang
diketahui
mempengaruhi
iklim.
Namun jumlah dan
pola memanas yang
telah diukur tidak
dapat dijelaskan oleh
faktor-faktor ini saja

Perfect
Tense

Perfect

Present
Perfect
Continuous
Tense

Perfect
Present
Continuous

Satu-satunya
cara Present
untuk menjelaskan Tense
pola
untuk
memasukkan efek
gas rumah kaca
(GRK)
yang
dipancarkan
oleh
manusia.

Untuk
membawa Past Tense
To
bring
all
this semua informasi ini
information together, the

Present

Simple

Present

Simple

Past

United Nations formed a

group of scientists called
the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change,
or IPCC.
81-84 The IPCC meets every
few years to review the
latest scientific findings
and write a report
summarizing all that is
known
about
global
warming. Each report
represents a consensus, or
agreement,
among
hundreds
of
leading
scientists.

85-86

One of the first things

scientists learned is that
there
are
several
greenhouse
gases
responsible for warming,
and humans emit them in
a variety of ways.

86-91 Most come from the

combustion of fossil fuels
in cars, factories and
electricity production. The
gas responsible for the
most warming is carbon
dioxide, also called CO2.
Other contributors include
methane released from
landfills and agriculture
(especially
from
the

bersama-sama, PBB
membentuk
sekelompok
ilmuwan
disebut
Panel
Antarpemerintah
tentang Perubahan
Iklim, dan IPCC.
IPCC bertemu setiap Present
beberapa
tahun Tense
untuk
meninjau
temuan-temuan
ilmiah terbaru dan
menulis
laporan
yang
merangkum
semua
yang
diketahui
tentang
pemanasan global.
Setiap
laporan
mewakili konsensus,
atau
kesepakatan
antara
ratusan
ilmuwan terkemuka.
Salah
satu
hal Past Tense
pertama
ilmuwan
pelajari
adalah
bahwa ada beberapa
gas rumah kaca
bertanggung jawab
atas pemanasan, dan
manusia
memancarkan
mereka
dalam
berbagai cara.
Sebagian
besar
berasal
dari
pembakaran bahan
bakar fosil di mobil,
pabrik-pabrik
dan
produksi listrik. Gas
yang
bertanggung
jawab atas sebagian
besar
memanas
adalah
karbon
dioksida,
juga

Simple

Present

Simple

Past

Present
Simple,
Tense, Past Future
Tense, and
Past Future
Tense

Present,
and
Past

digestive
systems
of
grazing animals), nitrous
oxide from fertilizers,
gases
used
for
refrigeration and industrial
processes, and the loss of
forests
that
would
otherwise store CO2.

92-98 Different
greenhouse
gases have very different
heat-trapping
abilities.
Some of them can even
trap more heat than CO2.
A molecule of methane
produces more than 20
times the warming of a
molecule of CO2. Nitrous
oxide is 300 times more
powerful than CO2. Other
gases,
such
as
chlorofluorocarbons
(which have been banned
in much of the world
because they also degrade
the ozone layer), have
heat-trapping
potential
thousands of times greater
than CO2. But because
their concentrations are
much lower than CO2,
none of these gases adds
as much warmth to the
atmosphere as CO2 does.

disebut
CO2.
Kontributor lainnya
termasuk
metana
dilepaskan
dari
tempat pembuangan
sampah
dan
pertanian (terutama
dari
sistem
pencernaan hewan
merumput), nitrous
oksida dari pupuk,
gas yang digunakan
untuk pendinginan
dan proses industri,
dan hilangnya hutan
yang
lain
akan
menyimpan CO2.
Gas rumah kaca Present
yang
berbeda Tense
memiliki
kemampuan
yang
memerangkap panas
yang sangat berbeda.
Beberapa
dari
mereka
dapat
meratakan
perangkap
panas
lebih dari CO2.
Sebuah
molekul
metana
menghasilkan lebih
dari
20
kali
memanas
dari
molekul
CO2.
Nitrous oksida 300
kali lebih kuat dari
CO2. Gas-gas lain,
seperti
chlorofluorocarbons
(yang telah dilarang
di sebagian besar
dunia karena mereka
juga
menurunkan
lapisan
ozon),
memiliki
ribuan
potensi
yang

Simple

Present

memerangkap panas
kali lebih besar dari
CO2. Tetapi karena
konsentrasi mereka
jauh lebih rendah
daripada CO2, tidak
ada gas-gas tersebut
menambah sebanyak
pemanasan atmosfer.
99102

In order to understand the

effects of all the gases
together, scientists tend to
talk about all greenhouse
gases in terms of the
equivalent amount of
CO2. Since 1990, yearly
emissions have gone up
by about 6 billion metric
tons of "carbon dioxide
equivalent"
worldwide,
more than a 20 percent
increase.

Dalam rangka untuk Present

memahami dampak Tense
dari
semua
gas
bersama-sama, para
ilmuwan cenderung
berbicara
tentang
semua gas rumah
kaca dalam hal
jumlah yang setara
CO2. Sejak tahun
1990, emisi tahunan
sudah naik sekitar 6
miliar ton metrik
"dioksida ekuivalen
karbon" di seluruh
dunia, lebih dari
kenaikan 20 persen.

Simple

Present

107
108Vocabulary :
109
1. Precipitation
110
2. Consensus
111
3. Emissions
112
4. Systemsresilient
113
5. Inundation
114
115
116
117
118
119Reference :
120Global warming, 2015. . Wikipedia Free Encycl.
121Washington, N.G.S.P.O.B. 98199, 38.90531943278526, D. 20090-8199 U., 800-647-5463, -77
122
0376992225647, n.d. Global Warming Effects Information, Global Warming Effects
123
Facts, Climate Change Effects - National Geographic [WWW Document]. URL
124
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-effects/
125
(accessed 4.21.15a).

126Washington, N.G.S.P.O.B. 98199, 38.90531943278526, D. 20090-8199 U., 800-647-5463, -77

127
0376992225647, n.d. Global Warming Causes, Climate Change Causes - National
128
Geographic [WWW Document]. URL
129
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-causes/
130
(accessed 4.22.15b).
131
132