ABBREVIATIONS

A
bf
D

Df
DL
d
d

EC
EL
Es
fck
fy
Ief
K
k
Ld
LL
Lw
l

lef
lex
ley
ln
lx
ly
ll

l2
l2
M
m
P
q0
r
s
T
V
W

Area
Effective width of flange
Overall depth of beam or slab or diameter of column;
dimension of a rectangular column in the direction under
consideration
Thickness of flange
Dead load
Effective depth of beam or slab
Depth of compression reinforcement from the highly
compressed face
Modulus of elasticity of concrete
Earthquake load
Modulus of elasticity of steel
characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete
Characteristic strength of steel
Effective moment of inertia
Stiffness of member
Constant or coefficient or factor
Development length
Live load or imposed load
Horizontal distance between centers of lateral restraint
Length of a column or beam between adequate lateral
restraints or the unsupported length of a column
Effective span of beam or slab or effective length of column
Effective length about x-x axis
Effective length about y-y axis
Clear span, face-to-face of supports
Length of shorter side of slab
Length of longer side of slab
Span in the direction in which moments are determined, centre
to centre of supports
Span transverse to I,, centre to centre of supports
l2 for the shorter of the continuous spans
Bending moment
Modular ratio
Axial load on a compression member
Calculated maximum bearing pressure of soil
Radius
Spacing of stirrups or standard deviation
Torsional moment
Shear force
Total load

X
Z
z
f
m
m
cbc
cc
sc
st
sv
c
c,max
v

Depth of neutral axis

Modulus of section
Lever arm
Partial safety factor for load
Partial safety factor for material
Percentage reduction in moment
Creep strain of concrete
Permissible stress in concrete in bending compression
Permissible stress in concrete in direct compression
Permissible stress in steel in compression
Permissible stress in steel in tension
Permissible tensile stress in shear reinforcement
Shear stress in concrete
Maximum shear stress in concrete with shear reinforcement
Nominal shear stress
Diameter of bar

INTRODUCTION
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGNS
The design of a structure must satisfy three basic requirements:

Stability: - To prevent overturning, sliding or buckling of the structure, or part of it,

under the action of loads.
Strength: - To resist safely the stresses induced by the loads in the various structural
members.
Serviceability: - To ensure satisfactory performance under service load conditions
which implies providing adequate stiffness and reinforcement to contain deflections,
crack widths and vibrations within acceptable limits, and also providing
impermeability and durability.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
The whole structure is analyzed as closed column beam frame in ETABS analysis
software and the design of various structural elements done manually.
Isolated Column foundations are proposed by the Geotechnical Expert and the
foundations and building is designed for GF+6 floors. As per the soil report, soil condition
at some portion is very loose as per the bore log. First two boreholes terminated at very
shallow depth of 3 to 4m where hard strata are available. The fourth borehole at south east
corner of the plot is having very loose soil profile of N value 10 at upper level and the hard
strata obtained at 9m from GL and at this portion the foundation is proposed with pile
foundation. This borehole may be a typical case, so it is recommend to inspect this area by
the EIC and the hard strata is found at reasonable depth, the pile foundation can be replaces
with Isolated spread foundation which will effectively reduce the cost of foundation.
Design parameters
Design loads
Dead loads
The dead loads are in accordance with IS 875 Part 1 (1987).
For the calculation of dead load acting over beams at various levels the unit weight of
the building materials are taken according to that given in IS 875 Part -I-Dead weight of
building materials. For calculating the live load acting over various floor levels IS 875 Part II
is referred. All the loads are given according to the data given in the floor plans and cross
sections given. The self weight of the structure is taken by the software itself.
The unit weight of hollow brick masonry is taken as =20 kN/m 3
The unit weight of concrete is taken as

=25 kN/m3

Weight of brick wall

= 0.20 x 3.4x 20 = 13.60kN/m

Wt of floor finish

= 1.0 kN/m2

Self Wt of floor slab (12cm Thick)

= 3 kN/m2

Load considered for water tank

= 15 kN/m2

Live loads
The live loads are in accordance with IS 875 Part 2 (1987).
type
Live load (kN/m2)
Operation theatres,
3
ICUs,
Offices, Lounges,
3
Stair cases, Storages,
X rays, Balconies,
4
Corridors,
Wards, Rooms,
Toilets,
2
Consultations,

Earthquake Loads as per IS: 1893 (part 1): 2002

Dynamic forces on multi-storied are best computed through a detailed vibration analysis.
Detailed dynamic analysis or modal analysis or pseudo static analysis should be carried out
depending on the importance of problem. BIS Code 1893 (Part 1): 2002 recommends that
[Ref: Cl: 7:8:1]
Dynamic analysis shall be performed to obtain the design seismic force, and its distribution to
different levels along the height of the building and to the various lateral load-resisting
elements for the following buildings:
a)

Regular buildings those greater than 40m in height in Zone IV and

Zone V, and those greater than 90m in height in Zone II and Zone III.
b)
Irregular building all framed buildings higher than 12m in Zones IV
and Zone V, and those greater than 40m in height in Zone II and III.
Since the height of the residential complex is 44.35m and its located in Zone III, static
method of analysis was performed to find the seismic load and its distribution.
Static method:
The base shear or total design lateral force along any principal direction shall be
determined by the following expression:
VB = Ah W

Where,
VB = the design base shear
Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value using the fundamental natural
period T.
W = Seismic weight of the building.
The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah

Z I Sa
2Rg

Where,
Z = Zone factor given in table 2, for the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)
and service life of structure in a zone. The factor 2 in the denominator of Z is
used so as to reduce the MCE zone factor to the factor for Design Basis
Earthquake (DBE)
I = Importance factor, depending upon the functional use of structures, characterized
by hazardous consequences of failure, post-earthquake functional needs,
historical value or economic importance (Table 6 IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
R = Response reduction factor, depending on the perceived seismic damage
performance of the structure, characterized by ductile or brittle deformations.
However, the ratio (I/R) shall not be greater than 1.0. The values for buildings
are given in Table 7 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002.
Sa
Average response acceleration coefficient.
g

Distribution of Design Force

The design base shear VB was distributed along the height of the buildings as
per the following expressions.
Qi VB

Wi hi

in

W h
i 1

i i

Where,

Qi = Design lateral force at floor i

Wi = Seismic weight of floor i
hi = Height of floor i measured from base.

n = Number of storeys in the building is the number of levels at which the masses are
located.
Seismic weight, W
The seismic weight of each floor is its full dead load plus appropriate amount
of imposed loads while computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight of columns
and walls in any storey shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the storey.
The seismic weight of the whole building is the sum of the seismic weights of all the floors.
Any weight supported in between storey shall be distributed to the floors above and below in
inverse proportion to its distance from the floors.

Imposed uniformly distributed floor

loads kN/m

Percentage of imposed load

Upto and including 3.0

25

Above 3.0

50

Table-Percentage of imposed load to be considered in seismic weight calculation

Determination of Design Base Shear for Seismic Analysis:
As per IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
Fundamental natural period, Ta (Clause 7.6.2)

= 0.075h0.75

h = height of building exclude basement floor

Ta

= 20.16m
= 0.8

For 0.4<T<4
Average response acceleration coefficient

Sa /g = 1/T
= 1.41

(Clause 6.4.5)
Zone factor (clause 6.4.2 table 2)

Z = 0.16 (zone 3)

Importance factor (clause6.4.2 table 6)

I = 1.5

Response reduction factor (clause6.4.2 table7)

R=3

4.3.6. Calculation of design seismic pressure

Calculation of design seismic pressure

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQX according to
IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

T = 0.8 sec

User Period
Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2]

Z = 0.16

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7]

R=3

Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6]

I = 1.5

Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, S a /g [IS

6.4.5]

S a 1.36
=
g
T

Sa
= 1.36
g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Ah =

Seismic Coefficient, A h [IS 6.4.2]

Sa
g
2R

ZI

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Direction

Period Used
(sec)

W
(kN)

Vb
(kN)

0.8

55701.068 3787.6726

X + Ecc. Y

0.8

55701.068 3787.6726

X - Ecc. Y

0.8

55701.068 3787.6726

Lateral Load to Stories - X

42.2866kN
LFT RF
STAIR RF

259.7531kN
820.7809kN

ROOF

1002.4689kN

SXF

716.1913kN

FFF

475.6341kN

FRF

TF

SF

278.9351kN

139.916kN

50.9622kN
FF
0.7444kN
GF
Base
0.00 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.05 E+3
Force, kN

Story

Elevation

X-Dir

Y-Dir

kN

kN

LFT RF

34.6

42.2866

STAIR
RF

32.1

259.7531

ROOF

29.1

820.7809

SXF

25.2

1002.4689

FFF

21.3

716.1913

FRF

17.4

475.6341

TF

13.5

278.9351

SF

9.6

139.916

FF

5.7

50.9622

GF

1.5

0.7444

Base

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQY according to
IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

T = 0.8 sec

User Period
Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2]

Z = 0.16

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7]

R=3

Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6]

I=1

Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, S a /g [IS

6.4.5]

S a 1.36
=
g
T

Sa
= 1.36
g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Ah =

Seismic Coefficient, A h [IS 6.4.2]

Sa
g
2R

ZI

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Direction

Period Used
(sec)

W
(kN)

Vb
(kN)

0.8

55701.068 2525.1151

Y + Ecc. X

0.8

55701.068 2525.1151

Y - Ecc. X

0.8

55701.068 2525.1151

Lateral Load to Stories - Y

LFT RF
28.191kN
STAIR RF

173.1687kN

ROOF

547.1873kN

SXF

668.3126kN

FFF

477.4609kN

FRF

317.0894kN

TF

SF

185.9567kN

93.2774kN

FF
33.9748kN
GF
0.4963kN
Base
0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Force, kN

Story

Elevation

X-Dir

Y-Dir

kN

kN

LFT RF

34.6

28.191

STAIR
RF

32.1

173.1687

ROOF

29.1

547.1873

SXF

25.2

668.3126

FFF

21.3

477.4609

FRF

17.4

317.0894

TF

13.5

185.9567

SF

9.6

93.2774

FF

5.7

33.9748

GF

1.5

0.4963

Base

The above parameters are defined in the ETABS software and software itself will calculate
the seismic loads and create the load cases and load combinations. The software
automatically has done the distribution of seismic force.
STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
Concrete and Reinforcement
Concrete: M25 for Foundations, M25 for Columns, M25 for Beams, Slabs, Stairs,
and all other components
Steel reinforcement:
Fe500 TMT grade pertaining to IS: 1786 1985
Cover:
From durability requirement, environmental exposure condition is assumed as severe
for substructure and super structure.
The nominal cover to outermost reinforcement shall be as follows for two hour fire
rating.
Columns
40mm
Beams
25mm
Slab
20mm
Stair
25mm
Foundations
50mm
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
BRIEF:
The building is modelled as 3D structure and is analysed as OMRF (Ordinary
Moment Resisting Frames with Ductile shear walls).
The FEM based structural software (ETABS 2013 Nonlinear) is used for modeling
and analysis of the building.
MODELLING
The basic approach for using the program is very straight forward. The user
establishes grid lines, defines material and structural properties, places structural objects
relative to the grid lines using point, line and area object tool. All the types of loads that the
structure is subjected can be defined and assigned to the appropriate structural components.
The analysis can be performed and the results are generated in graphical or tabular form that
can be printed to a printer or to a file for use in other programs. The following topics describe
some of the important areas in the modeling.
Defining Material Properties
In the property data area, name of the material, mass per unit volume, weight per unit
volume, modulus of elasticity, Poissons ratio should be specified for each type of material

defined. The mass per unit volume is used in the calculation of self-mass of the structure.
The weight per unit volume is used in calculating the self-weight of the structure.
Defining Frame Sections
Frame sections like beams, columns and are defined under this. The sizes of beams
and columns are fixed here and their reinforcement requirements and concrete covers
defined. Hinges were introduced (i.e. end moments were released) near the connecting where
ever required.
Defining Slab Sections
For defining the type of slab section in ETABS, there are three options available
based on its behavior, namely shell type, membrane type and plate type. Shell type behavior
means, both in-plane membrane stiffness and out-of-plane plate bending stiffness can be
provided for the section. Membrane type behavior mean, only in-plane membrane stiffness is
provided for the section. Plate-type behavior means that only out-of-plane bending stiffness is
provided for the section. In the present analysis, slabs are given membrane type behavior to
provide in plane stiffness and.
Dead load, live load, roof live load, are defined under the static load case option of the
define menu. Various load combinations can also be defined in the load combinations
option of the define menu.
Member Property Specifications and Support Condition
The dimensions of different members were fixed based on the trial design. The column
dimensions provided for the modeling is as prescribed by the Architect. If necessary it will
revised during the design stage. The beams are provided in such a way that torsion is released
since compatibility torsion alone comes in them. The member properties assigned are as
given below.
Slab
Thickness of the slab = 120mm
Beams
The dimensions of the beams are as shown below
Beam

Breadth, B Depth, D

Fixed Beams 200mm

500mm

Fixed beam

250mm

600mm

Fixed beam

150mm

600mm

Fixed beam

200mm

750mm

Column:
The column dimensions are as follows:
Ground floor: 250mm X 500mm, 300mm X 500mm, 300mm X 600mm, 250mmX 600mm,
(steel as per details)
Staircase:
The staircase is provided as an equivalent slab. The thicknesses of the slab used for staircase
is 175mm
Shear walls
250mm thk shear walls are provided
Support condition
Then support conditions were given to the structure. The support condition given was Pinned.
LOAD COMBINATION
The following are the load combinations as IS: 456-2000
1) 1.5 D.L + 1.5 LL
2) 1.5 DL + 1.5 SLX
3) 1.5 DL - 1.5 SLX
4) 1.5 DL + 1.5 SLY
5) 1.5 DL - 1.5 SLX
6) 0.9 DL + 1.5 SLX
7) 0.9 DL - 1.5 SLX
8) 0.9 DL + 1.5 SLY
9) 0.9 DL - 1.5 SLY
10) 1.2 DL + 1.2LL + 1.2 SLX
11) 1.2 DL + 1.2LL - 1.2 SLX
12) 1.2 DL + 1.2LL + 1.2 SLY
13) 1.2 DL + 1.2LL - 1.2 SLY

Modelling Images

Column Layout

Completed Model

Completed Extruded Model of Buildings

DESIGN OF ELEMENTS
Analysis Results

Axial Force on Columns

Bending Moment Diagram of Beams

Shear Force Diagram of Beams

Design Methodology:
All structural concrete elements will be designed according to the Limit State Method
as specified in IS: 456 - 2000 for reinforced concrete elements and detailing will be as per
standards.
Soil Profile
The boreholes numbered 1, 2 and 4 were terminated at 6m, 4.7m, and 9.3m,
respectively from ground level. Hard rock was encountered in all the boreholes, as the
boreholes were terminated at shallow depth. Lateritic clay and silty sand were found in all the
bore holes. The N value is found to be varying from 03 to greater than 100.
Recommendations
The soil at the site consists of mainly lateritic clay and silty sand. Hard rock was
found at all bore holes. The N value is found to be varying from 10to greater than 100. It is
suggested to provide open foundation which extends to hard rock. The recommendations
made in this report are based on the results of the tests as well as tests done on the samples
recovered from the boreholes. It is presumed that the soil below the maximum depth of
exploration at the site does not vary much or rather improves from that observed at the
maximum depth.
Design of foundation:
This building is proposed to have individual isolated column footings. Footings are
designed by taking the forces and moments from FEM software. The sizes of footings will be
fixed by making grouping of loads. The Depth of foundation is decided from four factors.
The depth is initially proposed based on Development length required according to the size of
bars used. Then that proposed depth is checked for sufficiency of punching shear (Two way
shear) and diagonal tension (One way shear), then the depth is checked for moment. On
finalizing the satisfying depth for the above conditions area of steel is worked out for the
moment according to the finalized depth. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is adopted as
400kN/m2 as per the Soil Report (The N value is above 100 at 2m below GL).
At certain portions the foundation system adopted is pile foundations. The bore hole at south
east corner of the plot shows that the soil is loose and the hard strata available is at 8.5m
below GL. At this portion the building id founded in piles. At the time of execution, detailed
examination of the area can be done and if the hard strata are available at shallow deoth, the
foundation can be changed to isolated foundations
The foundations are designed for GF+6 floors.
The reaction of a considered column coming on the foundation is 2400 kN. (DL+LL
combo)

DESIGN OF BI-AXIAL ISOLATED RCC FOOTING (IS 456, 2000)

Building Name
Footing Number:
f3
Node number
COLUMN
Length (l, dim. || Z axis ) =
Breadth (b, dim. || X axis) =

Hence footing is safe against max gross bearing p

tv < tc hence O.K.
tv < tc hence O.K.
tv < allowable hence O.K.

f3
500 mm
500 mm

global
X

Breadth 2.7 m
FOOTING
Foot length (L, dim. || Z axis) =
Foot Breadth (B, dim. || X axis) =
Thickness of footing (t) =
Clear cover of footing =
Main bar dia of footing =
Effective depth of footing =
Selfweight of the footing =
Area of Footing(A) =
Sect mod of foot about Z axis (Zz) =
Sec mod of foot about X axis (Zx) =
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
Grade of concrete f ck =
Grade of steel fy =

2.7
2.7
800
50
12
744
145.80
7.29
3.28
3.28

m
m
mm
mm
mm
mm
KN
2
m
3
m
3
m

global
X

Length 2.7 m
Footing Dimensions

25 N/mm
2
500 N/mm

CHECK FOR GROSS BEARING PRESSURE

2
Safe NET bearing pressure =
350 KN/m
3
391.40 KN/m
Safe gross bearing pr. =
Unfactored load case number =
1
Axial load from output (P1) =
2400.00 KN
Moment about Z axis (M z) =
3.333333 KN-m
Moment about X axis (M x) =
3.333333 KN-m
Depth of top of foot. from ground =
1.5 m
3
Unit wt of soil =
18 KN/m
190.08 KN
Weight of soil retained above foot =
2735.88 KN
P = (P1+soil+foot self wt) =
2
377.32 KN/m
Maximum bearing pressure =
2
373.26 KN/m
Minimum bearing pressure =
Hence footing is safe against max gross bearing pr.
DESIGN FORCES
Factored load comb. no.
Axial load:(P u) =
Moment about Z axis (M uz) =

1
3600.00 KN
10 KN-m

Moment about X axis (M ux) =

10 KN-m

(net pr. + depth of foot * soil unit wt)

3600
10
10

My
Mx
P

A
Zy
Zx

Maximum effective soil pressure p e max

( Pu/Area+ Muz/Zz + Mux/Zx) =
Minimum effective soil pressure p e min

global
Z

global
Z

499.92 KN/m

487.73 KN/m
( Pu/Area - Muz/Zz - Mux/Zx) =
Design of footing is done using above maximum effective soil pressure

CALCULATION FOR BOTTOM STEEL

2
Mu about X1 X1 = ( pe max x length /2)=

Ast

0.5 f ck
fy

302.45 KN-m per meter

Mulimit = 1840.86 KN-m per meter
The section is singly reinforced

4 .6 M u
1 1
bd
f ck bd 2

959.768 mm
Hence, Ast =
2
892.800 mm
Min Ast =
(0.12 % for slab, cl 26.5.2.1)
117.84 mm
Spacing =
(considering max of above two calculated values of Ast)
0.13 %
pt provided =
Hence provide 12 mm dia bar @ 117 mm c/c parellel to length of footing ( || to Z)
2

302.45 KN-m per meter

Mu about N1 N1 = ( pe max x length /2)=
2
959.768 mm
Calc. Ast =
The section is singly reinforced
2
892.8 mm
Min Ast =
(0.12 % for slab, cl 26.5.2.1)
117.84 mm
Spacing =
(considering max of above two calculated values of Ast)
pt provided = 0.12900101 %
Hence provide 12 mm dia bar @ 117 mm c/c parellel to breadth of footing ( || to X)
Arrangement of bottom reinforcement as per above design is shown below
12 mm dia bar @ 117 mm c/c

12 mm dia bar @ 117 mm c/c

Footing Length 2700 mm

Breadth 2700 mm

Sec 1-1
1244

500
1244

L1

X1

Z
N1

N1
a

L2

L2

356

X1

L1

Breadth 2700 mm

500
Footing Length 2700 mm

356

Design of columns:
Columns are designed by taking the forces and moments from the FEM software. The
sizes of columns are kept constant at all the stories. The design of column is done considering
the axial compression, biaxial bending moment including slenderness effect. Excel spread
sheets are used for designing of columns as per standards. The Columns are designed for
GF+2 floors.

Axial force, Major BM, Minor BM of typical Column

Companys' Name: SafeMatrix India (P) Ltd.,

Muvattupuzha
Client:
PWD
Project:
Koodal

Job No.:
Design by:
PNC
Date:
18-Mar-15
Page No.
C/101

SPREADSHEET OF DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN SECTION BY LIMIT-STATE METHOD

for AXIAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD & BIAXIAL BENDING MOMENT, INCLUDING SLENDERNESS
EFFECT, AS PER IS:456-2000, BY N. PRABHAKAR
Calculates range of safe loads for a Column Section with given Concrete grade and Reinforcement
and checks adequacy of the section for the given loads.
Column Dimensions:
Breadth, 'b' =
Depth, 'D' =
Concrete Grade =
Yield Strength of Steel, fy =
Concrete Cover to main bars =

500
500
M
500
40

mm
mm
25
N/mm2
mm

Details of Reinforcement:
Diameter of bars =
No. of bars on 500 mm face =
No. of bars on 500 mm face =
Total number of bars =
Total Ast =
Percentage of Reinforcement =

25 mm
4

4
12
5890 mm2
2.356
< 4% O.K.

COLUMN
SECTION
(Max. nos. of bar that can be
shown in the section at each
face =6 only)

Effective Length UnApplied Ultimate Loads (See figures on next page)

Col. Axial Load Initial Moment Muix(kN.m) Initial Moment Muiy(kN.m) lex (m) ley (m) Supported

Mk.
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI

Pu (kN) M uix1(+ or -) Muix2

4280
11
4220
115
3470
227
2790
168
2130
175
1540
146
1000
145
350
185

(+ only)

uiy1(+ or -)

11
28
54
73
71
74
72
72

Muiy2

Length (m)

(+ only)

2.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000

2.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000

2.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000

Braced /
Unbraced
Column
Braced
Braced
Braced
Braced
Braced
Braced
Braced
Braced

Note: * at Muix1 and Muiy1 indicates moment is +ve for single curvature bending, and -ve for double curvature bending.

Companys' Name: SafeMatrix India (P) Ltd.,

Muvattupuzha
Client:
PWD
Project:
Varkala
Pu
Initial Moments Muix & Muiy
Muix2 or
Muiy2
Muix2>Muix1
Muiy2>Muiy1
+
+
Deflected
shape
Muix1 or
Muiy1
Single Curvature

Double curvature

Job No.:
0
Design by:
PNC
Date:
18-Mar-15
Page No.
C/102

Addn. Moments Max & May

due to slenderness
-

Unbraced Slender Column

(Column with side sway)

Braced Slender Column

For calculations of Final Design Moments, see worksheet on 'Slenderness eff.'.

Summary of Results:
Axial Load
(kN)
Col.

Mk.
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI
CI
0
0

Final Design Moments Permissible Moments

Mux(kN.m) Muy(kN.m) Mux1(kN.m) Muy1(kN.m)

4280
4220
3470
2790
2130
1540
1000
350
0
0

88.453
115.000
227.000
168.000
175.000
146.000
145.000
185.000
0.000
0.000

88.453
104.093
85.593
73.000
71.000
74.000
72.000
72.000
0.000
0.000

146.21
158
287.43
371.97
438.86
489.04
504.87
490.08
461.72
461.72

146.21
158.00
287.43
371.97
438.86
489.04
504.87
490.08
461.72
461.72

Mux
Mux1

Muy

Muy1

0.732
0.964
0.762
0.357
0.365
0.349
0.430
0.524
0.000
0.00

See Charts for range of permissible values of Pu with M ux1 and M uy1.

Status
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.
Section O.K.

Design of beams
The RC beams and slabs are designed using Excel spreadsheet using the analysis
results from FEM software. The top as well as bottom reinforcement shall consist of at least
two bars throughout the member length.

Bending Moment diagram of typical continuous beam

Shear Force diagram of typical continuous beam

Design for area of steel and shear for singly reinforced beam by limit state design method
Calculation of Ast req for beams
Ref IS 456-2000 Cl G-1.1b & G-1.1c For sections without compression reinforcement

fy
N/mm2

fck
N/mm2

b
mm

D
mm

Cc
mm

Cg of bar
mm

d
mm

Mu lim
kN.m

500

25

200

500

25

467

145.03

Ast req. spt

pt req.spt

Mu span
kNm

Ast span
2
mm

pt req.span

mm2

d req mm

d prov mm

Result

752.97

0.81

133.2353

789.74

0.85

439.13

467

okay

Mu support
kNm
128.2353

Reinforcement details provided at support and span of beam

Reinf. details at support
Result
Ast support
pt support
Nos.
dia
2
%
mm
mm
2
2

16
16

804.25

0.86

2
2

okay

check for depth

Reinf. details at span

Ast span
dia
2
mm
mm

Nos.

pt lim
%
0.94

16
16

pt span
%

804.25

0.86

Check for shear in beams ( limit state design method)

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 40.1, Cl 40.2.3, Table 19, Table 20 & Cl 40.2.1

fck
N/mm

Vu
2

25

kN

pt
prov.
%

142

0.86

c max

Cl 40.1

Table 19

Table 20

N/mm
1.52

N/mm
0.61

N/mm

Result
tau_v > tau_c,design for shear
tau_v <tau_cmax, Ok

3.1

Design for shear reinforcement (vertical stirrups)

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 40.4a

Vu
kN
142

c b d

kN
56.97

Vus
req
kN
85.03

Vus/d
req
kN/cm

fy
N/mm2

1.82

415

assuming
no.
stirrup dia of stirrup
mm
legs
8

stirrup

Vus/d prov.

sp assumed

kN/cm

mm

Cl 40.4 a

150

2.420

MFt

MFc

0.908

Check for minimum and maximum spacing of stirrup

Result

Cl 26.5.1.5

stirrup
sp prov.
mm

300

150

Hence ok

Min stirrup

Max stirrup

spacing mm

spacing mm

Cl 26.5.1.6

546.64

Side face reinforcement

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 26.5.1.3

mm
200

D
of
web
mm
500

side face
reinf.
req. / face

side face reinf. mm /face prov.

no.
per face
2

dia of

span
mm
7000

Cl 26.5.1.3

not req

spc b/w
bars not to

Ast prov.

exceed

bar

mm2

Cl 26.5.1.3

12

226.19

200 mm

d
mm

pt req.
%

pt prov.
%

pc
%

467

0.85

0.86

Check for span to depth ratio

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 23.2.1

Type of
beam

fy
N/mm2

Cont.Beam

500

l/d

l/d

Result

prov

Cl 23.2.1

Cl 23.2.1

14.99

23.61

Okay

Design of slab
Design of slab
Material Constants:
Concrete, fck = 25 N/mm
Steel,

fy = 500 N/mm

Loads:
Using 120 mm thick slab
Dead Load on Slab = 0.12 x 25 = 3 kN/m
Live Load on Slab
Finishes

= 3kN/m
= 1.5 kN/m

Partition load

= 2.5 kN/m

Total

=10.0 kN/m

Boundary Conditions one long edge discontinuous

Assume a clear cover of 20 mm & 8 mm dia bars
Eff: depth along shorter direction dx = 96 mm
Eff: depth along longer direction dy = 88 mm
Effective span as per IS 456: 2000 clause 22.2.b
lyeff = 4.67+0.088 = 4.758 m
lxeff = 4+0.096

= 4.096 m

lyeff/lxeff =1.16, Hence design as Two Way Slab.

1 Design for area of steel and shear for two way slab by limit state design method
Slab Geometry
Lx
Ly
m
m
4.096
4.758

Ly/Lx
1.162

Result
<2, Hence two way slab

Grade of concrete, steel, & overall depth of slab

fy
fck
b
D
N/mm
500

N/mm
25

mm
1000

mm
120

Lx-shorter span
Cc bot
mm
20

Cg of bot bar

mm
4

d bot
mm
96

Cc top
mm
20

Cg of top bar

mm
4

d top
mm
96

Ly-longer span
Cc bot
mm
20

Cg of bot bar

mm
12

d bot
mm
88

Cc top
mm
20

Cg of top bar

mm
12

d top
mm
88

Load calculation of the slab

Dead
Load of
the slab

Floor
finish of
the slab

DL
2
kN/m

FF
2
kN/m
1

Total
Live load Misc. load unfactored
of the slab of the slab load of the
slab
LL
2
kN/m
3

ML
2
kN/m
0

4.096

176.16

0.057

Calculation of Ast req for slab spanning Lx

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl G-1.1b & G-1.1c
- Mux cont. Ast req.cont. pt req.cont. + Mux span
kNm
10.04116

mm
254.01

%
0.26

kNm
7.57

Design
load of the
slab

TL
2
kN/m

IS 456-2000

w
2
kN/m

1.5

10.5

Moment & Shear calculation

Moment calculation for '1m' strip of the slab spanning Lx
2
w
Lx
- Mux cont. edge 'kNm'
w Lx
2
2
- x
m
kNm
- x w Lx
kN/m
10.5

Partial
safety
factor
f

10.04

Ast span
2

mm
188.92

Table 18

+ Mux mid-span 'kNm'

2
+ x
+ x w Lx
0.043
7.57

Vu 'kN' Table 13 IS 456

Coef-shear

0.600

pt req.span

%
0.20

Reinforcement details provided at support and span of slab spanning Lx

Reinf. details at support
Reinf. details at span
Ast cont.
pt cont.
Ast span
dia prov.
spacing
Result
dia prov.
spacing
2
2
mm
mm
mm
mm
%
mm
mm

8
0

150
250

335.10

0.35

okay

Moment calculation for '1m' strip of the slab spanning Ly

2
w
Lx
- Muycont. edge 'kNm'
w Lx
2
2
- y
m
kNm
- y w Lx
kN/m
10.5

4.096

176.16

0.037

Calculation of Ast req for slab spanning Ly

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl G-1.1b & G-1.1c
- Muy cont. Ast req.cont. pt req.cont. + Muy span
2

kNm
6.52

mm
177.52

%
0.20

kNm
4.93

6.52

Ast min
2

mm
144.00

8
0

150
150

335.10

+ Muy mid-span 'kNm'

2
+ y
+ y w Lx
0.028
4.93

pt req.span

%
0.16

Reinforcement details provided at support and span of slab spanning Ly

Reinf. details at support
Reinf. details at span
Ast cont.
pt cont.
Ast span
dia prov.
spacing
Result
dia prov.
spacing
2
2
mm
mm
mm
mm
%
mm
mm
8
150
8
150
335.10
okay
335.10
0.38
0
250
0
250
Check for shear in solid slabs for limit state design method
Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 40.1, Cl 40.2.3, Table 19, Table 20 & Cl 40.2.1.1
fck

Vu

25

kN
25.8048

mm
1000

pt

k c

N/mm

%
0.35

Cl 40.1
2
N/mm
0.27

Check for span to depth ratio

Ref IS 456-2000 Cl 23.2.1
fy
Type of
span
beam
Cont.slab

N/mm
500

l/d
prov
42.67

l/d
Cl 23.2.1
55.82

mm
4096
Result
Cl 23.2.1
Okay

clear

cg

of slab mm cover mm of bar mm

120
20
4
c max

Cl 40.2.1.1 Table 20
2
2
N/mm
N/mm
0.55

3.1

d
mm
96

Result
tau_v < k tau_c, Ok
tau_v <1/2 tau_c max,Ok

pt req.

pt prov.

pc

MFt

mm
96

%
0.20

%
0.35

%
0

2.147

DESIGN OF DOG LEGGED STAIRCASE

Data
Internal Dimensions
Length
Width
Floor Height
Fck
Fy
Riser
Tread
Landing width
Effective Span
Height of each flight
No. of risers in each flight
No. of Tread in each flight

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

5.32
3.2
3.9
25
500
160
280
1500
5.32
1.95
12.1875
11.1875

m
m
m
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
mm
mm
mm
m
m
Nos
Nos

168

mm Required

D
d

=
=

200
179

mm
mm

Loads
DL of waist slab
DL on horizontal area
DL of steps
LL
FF
Total load
Factored load

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

5
5.76
2
5
1.5
14.26
21.4

kN/m

=
=

76
57

kN-m
kN

166

mm

=
=
=

2.362
0.620
1110

%
2
mm

=
=

12
101

mm
mm

Ast

215

mm

Dia of bar
Spacing

=
=

8
230

mm
mm

Design

2
2

kN/m
2
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
kN/m
(of one flight)

BM and SF
Mu
Vu
d from BM consideration
k
pt
Ast

Main Reinforcement
Dia
Spacing

Distribution Steel

Development Length
Ld
Therefore, Ld
Provide, Ld

=
=
=

Ld = ( xs) / (4 x T
583
590

bd)

mm
mm

Floor Beam

5320
mm
DOWN

UP

1500 mm

Mid Landing Beam

3200
mm

PLAN

Ld = 590 mm

300
mm
Y8 @ 230 mm C/C (Distribution Reinforcement)
Y12@101 mm C/C
(Main Reinforcement)
200 mm
200 mm

DETAILING

ETABS 2013 Shear Wall Design

IS 456:2000 Pier Design
Pier Details
Story ID Pier ID
FF

Centroid X (mm)

P2

Centroid Y (mm) Length (mm) Thickness (mm)

2535

18570

5070

LLRF

200

0.592

Material Properties
E c (MPa)

f ck (MPa)

Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless)

f y (MPa)

f ys (MPa)

25000

25

500

500

Design Code Parameters

S

IP MAX

IP MIN

P MAX

1.15

1.5

0.04

0.0025

0.8

Pier Leg Location, Length and Thickness

Station
Location

ID

Left X 1
mm

Left Y 1
mm

Right X 2
mm

Right Y 2
mm

Length Thickness
mm
mm

Top

Leg 1

18570

5070

18570

5070

200

Bottom

Leg 1

18570

5070

18570

5070

200

Flexural Design for P u, M u2 and M u3

Station
Required
Required
Current
Flexural
Location Rebar Area (mm) Reinf Ratio Reinf Ratio Combo

Pu
kN

M u2
kN-m

M u3
kN-m

Pier A g
mm

-16.3907

Top

16128

0.0159

0.0021

DWal12

-606.0331

-9196.8621

1014000

Bottom

28013

0.0276

0.0021

DWal12

-1011.7141 20.2343 -14780.6283

1014000

Shear Design
Station
Location

ID

Rebar Shear Combo

mm/m

Top

Leg 1

881.71

DWal8

Bottom

Leg 1

825.6

DWal8

Pu
kN

Mu
kN-m

260.411

-9135.6733

Vu
kN

Vc
kN

Vc+ Vs
kN

-1777.7813 487.2326 1777.7813

-138.3875 -14874.4741 -1793.3115 584.8861 1793.3115

Boundary Element Check

Station
Location

ID

TopLeft

Leg 1

Edge
Governing
Length (mm)
Combo
600

Pu
kN

Mu
kN-m

Stress Comp Stress Limit

MPa
MPa

DWal9

3858.0192

-1944.9148

6.07

TopRight

Leg 1

900

DWal9

4071.8092

9441.6175

15.03

BottomLeft

Leg 1

1000

DWal12

-754.2077

-14300.9969

15.95

BotttomRight

Leg 1

1300

DWal12

4505.0204

14405.2455

21.26

DETAILING
All the structural elements were detailed according to IS 456:2000 and SP34. Detailed
drawings were prepared in AutoCAD 2007. Detailing of all the structural elements were done
based on SP 34 and IS 13920

COLUMN DETAILS
Special confining reinforcement as per is 13920:1993
Special confining reinforcement shall be provided over a length lo from each joint face,
towards midspan, and on either side of any section, where flexural yielding may occur under
the effect of earthquake forces
The length lo shall not be less than
(a) Larger lateral dimension of the member at
Section where yielding occurs,
(b) 1/6 of Clear span of the member, and
(c) 450 mm.
The spacing of hoops used as special confining reinforcement shall not exceed 1/4 of
minimum member dimension but need not be less than 75 mm nor more than 100 mm.

BEAM DETAILING

Different things which are to be detailed in Beam Detailing is shown below vide sp 34, page
108

SLAB DETAILING
Different things which are to be detailed in Slab Detailing is shown below vide sp 34, page
127