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Respiration
1.4. Respiration
1.5 Types of Respiration
1.6 Importanc of Respiration
1.7 Cellular Respiration

Oxidation of food materials like Carbonhydrates, proteins and fats into carbondioxide
and water in the presence of oxygen for the production of energy. This process is called
respiration.
Respiration occurs in with in the cell is called cellular Respiration.
Glucose is oxidised into CO2 and H2O in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic
respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 686 K.Cal
Glucose is incompletely oxidised into Ethanal (Ethyle Alcohol and CO2 is called an
aerobic Respiration)
Respiration has three phases. They are Glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport.
(Aerobic Respiration)
Glycolysis, Fermentation and electron transport are the three stage of An aerobic
respiration.
Conversion of Glucose into pyruvic acid is called Glycolysis.
Pyruvic acid is converted into CO2 is called Krebs cycle.
Glucose oxidized and form water is called electron transport.
Pyruvic acid is coverted into Ethyle alcohol and carboxide in the absence of oxygen is
called Fermentation.
Formation of A.T.P. is called phosphorylation.
ADP + Phosphae A.T.P.
Respiratory Substrates: The substances which are oxidised in the body during
respiratory substrates.
Ex: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats.

Advantages of A.T.P:

A.T.P is required for synthesis of carbohydrates, protiens, Fats and Nuclic Acids.


A.T.P. is required for transport of nutrients and Ions.


Muscle contraction requires A.T.P.


Mitochondria is called power house of the cell.
Oxidative phosphorylation:
ADP is combined with inorganic phosphate and form adenocine tri phosphate. This
process is called phosphorylation.
As this process occurs in the presence of oxygen. hence it is called oxidative
phosphorylation.

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1.
A.

1 Mark Questions
(Very Important)
What is Cellular Respiration?
Oxidation of food materials into CO2 and water in the presence of oxygen for the
production of energy is called respiration. As this process occurs in the cell is called
cellular respiration.
How citric acid is formed?
In krebs cycle when acetyle co-enzyme-A is attached to foru carbon compound oxalo
acetic acid and formed a six carbon compound citric acid.

3.
A.

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Adecive di phosphate is combined with inorganic phosphate and for adenocine try
phosphate. This process is called phosphorylation. As this process occurs in the
presence of oxygen hence it is called oxidative phosphorylation.

4.
A.

What is Fermentation?
Glucose is incompletely oxidized into Ethyl alcohol and carbondioxide is fermentation.
Glucose Ethyl Alcohol + CO2

5.
A.

What is Glycolysis?
Glyco = Sugar; Lysis = Breaking down
Glucose is oxidised into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is called Glycolysis. It is take place
in cytoplasm of the cell.

6.
A.

What is electron transport?

During Glycolysin and kerbs cycle some electrons are expelled these electrons are
carried by electron acceptors and reached to oxygen and formed to water is called
electron transport.
What is krebs cycle?
Oxidation of glucose into CO2 and water in the presence of oxygen is called krebs
cycle.

7.
A.

2.
A.

2 Marks Questions
1. What are the difference between Anaerobic
A.
Anaerobic Respiration
1. Does not require oxygen
1.
2. Water is not produced. CO2 is 2.
produced and compound like
ethanol or lactic acid are formed
3. Very little amount of energy is 3.
released.
4. C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2+56
4.
K.cal

respiration and Aerobic respiration?

Aerobic Respiration
Requires oxygen
CO2 and water are produced
Large amount of energy is
produced.
C6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2O+686
K.cal

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2. Write the differences between combustuion and Respiration?

combustion
Heat is to be supplied to the sugar 1.
molecules to burn.

Respiration
Heat is supplied for oxidation of
sugar molecules. The entire
process temperature.

2.

Sugar first chars and later burns 2.

produce flame.

3.

Energy released at once as heat.

4.

No intermediate compounds are 4.

formed

When sugar oxidize in the body

energy released without burning of
sugar molecule.
Energy released at several stages
without burning carbon.
Several intermediate compounds
are formed

5.

Combustion occurs in the absence 5.

of water

Oxidation occurs in presence of

water.

1.

3.
A.

4.
A.

3.

What are the differences between photophosphorylation and oxidative

phosphorylation?
Photo-phophorylation
Synthesis of A.T.P. is the presence 1.
of
light
is
called
photo
phosphorylation

Oxidative Phosphorylation
Synthesis of A.T.P. in the presence
of oxygen is called oxidative phosphorylation

2.

It occurs in chloroplast.

2.

It occurs in mitrochondria.

3.

It is seen in photosynthesis

3.

It is seen in respiration

1.

What are the Respiratory substrates? Give two examples?

Substances which are oxidized in the body during respiration to produce energy are
called respiratory substrates.
Ex: Carbohydrates and fats are the major examples for respiratory substares.
4 Marks Questions

1.
A.

Describe the structure of mitochondira

Mitochondria is a cell organelle present in the cytoplasm of ukaryotic cells. It is ovel,
sac, sphericle or tennis rocket like structure.


It is a centre for cellular respiration during cellular respiration energy is generated in
the form of A.T.P., hence it is called power house of the cell.


Mitochondira has two compartments. They are outer and inner compartments.


Outer compartment is called membrane and it is consist of two layers. The outer
most layer is smooth and soft and inner most layer is gets several folding known as
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"cristae".
On cristae there are head and tail like projections one present called elementary
particles
The inner compartment of mitochondria is called matrix, which takes part a major
role in krebs cycle.

Write brief note on Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration. It is take place in cytoplasm of the cell.
Glyco means = Sugar; lysis means Breaking down.
Dark reaction takes place in stroma of the chloroplast.


The convertion of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is called Glycolysis.


During Glycolysis glucose in react with phosphate and for glucose 6-phosphate.
Glucose + Phosphate Glucose 6 - Phosphate


Glucose 6-phosphate is isomarized into frcutose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate Frcutose 6-phosphate


Fructose 6-Phosphate is combined with phosphate and form fructose 1, 6
biphosphate.
Fructose 6-Phosphate + Phosphate Fructose 1, 6 - Biphosphate


Fructose 1, 6 - Biphosphate 2 pyruvic acid


By the end of glycolysis 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is formed.


During glycolysis 4 A.T.P. molecules and 2 NADH are formed.

3.
A.

Explain the krebs cycle?

Kreb Cycle: Oxidation of glucose into CO2 and water is called kerb cycle.


Kreb cycle is takes takes place in matrix of mitochondria.


It was discovered by sir Hans Kreb


Oxygen required for Kreb Cycle.


During glycolysis glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.


During Kreb Cycle pyruvic acid is under goes to decarboxylation and form acetyle
co-A which contains 2 carbon atoms.


Acetyle Co A is combined with a four carbon compound called oxalo acetic acid and

2.
A.

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form citric acid which contains 6 carbon atoms. Citric acid is the first product of
krebs cycle. hence krebs cycle is also called citric acid cycle.
At the end of kreb cycle 2 A.T.P. molecules and 8 NADH are formed.
Krebs Cycle:

5 Marks Questions
Very Important Diagrams
1.

Structure of Mitochondria

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Choose the correct Answers

101/2 = 5M
1. Oxidation of glucose is reffered as
[]
a) Glycolysis
b) Phosphorylation
c) Neutralization
d) None
2. The transfer of phosphate group in the presence of oxygen is refered to
[]
a) Photophospharylation
b) Oxidative Phosphorylation
c) Glycolysis
d) Metabolism
3. The total number of A.T.P. are formed during aerobic -Respiration are
[]
a) 40 A.T.P's
b) 38 A.T.P.'s
c) 4 A.T.P.'s
d) 10 A.T.P.'s
4. The net gain of A.T.P.'s in Aerobic Respiration
[]
a) 4 A.T.P's
b) 2 A.T.P.
c) 10 A.T.P.
d) 38 A.T.P's
5. The total number of A.T.P. molecules are formed during anaerobic respiration are: [ ]
a) 10 A.T.P.
b) 8 A.T.P.
c) 2 A.T.P.
d) None
6. The gain of A.T.P. molecules in Glycolysis are
[]
a) 4 A.T.P.
b) 2 A.T.P.
c) 40 A.T.P.
d) 38 A.T.P.
7. Elementary particles are otherwise known as
[]
b) Oxisomes
a) F1 capsules
c) A & B
d) None
8. Glycolysis takes place in
[]
a) Mitochondria
b) chloroplast
c) cytoplasm
d) nucleus
9. Krebs cycle takes place in
[]
a) cytoplasm
b) Membrane of mitochondria
c) Matrix of mitochondria
d) Chloroplast
10. One mollecule of pyruvic acid is oxidised and gives how many A.T.P. mollecules? [ ]
a) 1 A.T.P.
b) 2 A.T.P.
c) 4 A.T.P.
d) 8 A.T.P.
11. The result product of fermentation
[]
a) Glycerol
b) ATP
c) FADH2
d) Alcohol
12. Number of calories of energy given by each A.T.P.
[]
a) 2,700 cal
b) 7,200 cal
c) 2,500 cal
d) 7,300 cal
13. Number of k.cal of energy released during anaerobic respiration is
[]
a) 686 k.cal
b) 586 k.cal
c) 56 k.cal
d) 41 k.cal
14. Number of k.cal of energy released during aerobic respiration is
[]
a) 51 k.cal
b) 57 k.cal
c) 586 k.cal
d) 686 k.cal
15. For the oxidation carbohydrates should be in the form of
[]
a) starch
b) Cellulose
c) Fats
d) Glucose

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KEY
1. A, 2. B, 3. A, 4. D, 5. B, 6. B, 7. A, 8. C, 9. C, 10. A, 11. D, 12. B, 13. C, 14. D, 15. D

Fill up the blanks

1. The second stage of anaerobic respiration is ______
2. Second stage of aerobic respiration is ______
3. In the absence of oxygen glucose is converted into ______ and ______
4. Glycolysis takes place in ______
5. ______ is required for synthesis of carboydrates proteins fats and nucleic acids.
6. Elementary particles are present in ______ of Mitocondria.
7. Mitochondria is also known as ______
8. 1 NADH oxidised and gives ______ number of A.T.P.'s
9. ______ is the end product of Glycolysis
10. ______is the first product of kreb's cycle

KEY
1. Fermentation
2. Kreb's Cycle
3. Ethyle Alcohol and CO2
4. Cytoplasm of the cell
5. A.T.P.
6. Outer compostment
7. Power house of the cell
8. 3 A.T.P.
9. Pyruvic Acid
10. Citric Acid

Match the following

Set - I
Group A
1. Respiration
2. Glycolysis
3. Fermentation
4. Clostridium
5. A.T.P.

(
(
(
(
(

Set - II
Group A
1. Mitochondria
2. Sirhans krebs
3. Oxaloacetic acid

Group B
( ) a) 4. Carbon atoms
( ) b) 6. carbon atoms
( ) c) 7200 calories

)
)
)
)
)

Group B
a) Breaking down of glucose
b) Alcohol
c) Synthesis of carbohydrates
d) Oxidation of food
e) Pyruvic acid
f) Starch
g) Bacteria

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4. citric acid
5.Energy in A.T.P.

( ) d) Power house of cell

( ) e) NADH
f) Kreb's cycle
g) FADH2

KEY
Set - I
1. D, 2. A, 3. B, 4. G, 5. C

Set - II
1. D, 2. F, 3. A, 4. B, 5. C

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