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FIRST LESSONS
IN
URDU
BY
GEORGE
J.
DANN,
CALCUTTA
PREFACE.
THIS
book, like
little
my
a transliteration into
Roman
characters being
Roman-Urdu
book
ele-
it is
ter.
fluency
and accuracy.
A Munshi
with
facility
will be
and
correctness,
and
to write
2068080
IV
PREFACE.
till
mai'j
if
the best works of this kind are, in the end, the cheapest.
This little book will help the student to make a begin-
ning.
If
simple as possible.
G. J. DANN.
BANKIPDR
August, 1911.
CONTENTS.
LESSON
Page
Reading Exercise
Transliteration Exercise
4
5
IV.
V.
VI.
12
I.
II.
III.
. .
VII.
. .
..16
. .
Correlative
XVI.
XVII.
The
Infinitive
. .
and
Compound Verbs,
tinuative
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
its
. .
. .
. .
Compounds
Completive,
. .
. .
43
48
. .
Potential,
Con-
51
55
Desiderative
. .
59
63
66
. .
. .
XXIV.
..
..77
. .
81
. .
85
. .
Conjunctions
XXV. The
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
..
. .
..
Table of Declension
Table of Conjugation
Vocabularies
.
. .
..
70
74
91
. .
97
. .
. .
..
..
102
103
104
Name.
as follows
Name.
ba
bu
hi
bd
bu
bl
bai
be
J ai
sa
su
-va
/a
&w
Aa
^*
thi
thu
thd
thl
-sv
tha
The mark
sonant
over
<
bau
lo
,
5*
sa
se
sfi
kai
Are
thu
the
J au
so
kau
ko
thai
sau
tho
than
which
it
written
is
not vocalized,
is
as
narm, sard,
sust, gir,
pj
^-
- c:
it
is
>
-jf
Tashdid * doubles
Oyi
(j&
%vill
for explanation
may
arise.
LESSON
I.
READING EXERCISE.
Note.
no vowel
Short a
is
t-
written
it is
Where
4
y
^^O
c//
f
J
9
^^-^^
^r*i
JLe
^J
J-J
j.j'LJ
LESSON
J*"
J*
Ji
J/
II.
EXERCISE IN TRANSLITERATION.
to be transliterated
into the Persian character
1
Roman
Din,
kar,
ba
from the
rat, j!,
'aql,
murg, shakk,
fajr,
waqt, bai*as,
zabh, qaul,
'
Iiaqq, sham, bina, marz, aj, zan, sir, hil, mila, all, Khuda,
hai, he, bil, nief, khass, bhun, jhil, fil, him, Vaz, bish, nan.
LESSON
The following words are
Roman
-
ei?.*.ci
character
-
._^ v^^
^,1^.
to
III.
^l*.)
fX\
/jtiLe
-
o^Ja*
JXJb
c_>Lsa*u
-
Iksv^)
d^Jj
vayi
^.*j>
<=^j ~l-*-~
^
ti*t&\
-t
LESSON
IV.
their signification.
(a o)
(a), $
speaking, nouns ending in
'
masculine.
are
Terminations
(a),
usually
'
Generally
)
(u
or
o)
^~
(/),
&
(t),
and (J
(ish).
1.
Masculines in
2.
a,
Feminine nouns
3.
or
a,
,
larkd, boy,
~7~
<.$
/,
to *
change
-j^
larke, boys.
in
e,
^J->
^ i>">'
!
girl,
larkiydn, girls.
4.
nominative
C5>
plui'al, as
o;
1
rat, night,
in
^^^
^ji
en, in
the
rdten, nights.
Adjectives
ending
in
as
Ij^M,
/;
in form.
d,
in
number and
in
EXERCISE.
&
1.
2.
JL-
3.
,jJt
4.
^yoT
y-^-
4r*?"
^y
*J
wu ^
^jW
9.
.jJfc
10.
,J^3
o.jjA-
v^5'^
^.jj
11.
<:
y*j>
U^y
^J^
*J
Translate into
Urdu
a man.
This
is
is
big.
4.
kapre sufed
wuh
the.
i/t'/i
the.
2/*^
a Tke chhote
*i
horse
ghoi'e hain.
*J
1.
wuh
^v?
8.
hai.
JVJy*
U^'ftlf
ddml
with
*j
6.
12.
^-)+4$
jjt,
7.
*)
z *J
.jJt
5.
Jj
j$*
th-i.
2.
Those
That thing
girls were
is
a table.
fair.
5.
3. This
These boys
table.
6.
8.
VOCABULARY.
*j, yih, pron.
she,
j
it,
and
and
it,
pi.
he,
this, these.
that, those.
pi.
he
hai,
A
,
v. sing.
com. gen.,
hain, v. plur.
are.
thd,
v. sing.
m.
the,
v. pi.
m.
7w,
?ziez,
gen.,
v. sing. fern,
hm,v.
is.
was.
were.
gen., was.
were.
pi.
n. fern, table.
admi,
n.
masc. man.
aurat, n. fern,
woman.
'
ghord, n.
masc. horse.
10-'
L/^
J*\y.
c/ifz,
n. fern, thing.
^^-
chhotd, adj.,
little,
tall.
small, short.
In
Urdu
the verb
In
usually ends the sentence.
third personal pronouns and pronominal
adjectives have the same forms in the singular and plural.
In the older Urdu literature, as in Hindi, the plurals are
The student is advised not to
ye and we, respectively.
use these obsolete forms.
LESSON
THE VERB.
V.
PRINCIPAL PARTS.
The
(1)
Urdu verb
its Tenses.
are
come.
gir,
fall.
>j$
girna, to fall.
T,
a,
&\$
kah, say.
(2)
The
Infinitive, as
to come.
(3)
The Imperfect
-t
girtd, falling.
11
From
',
dtd,
^,
coming.
came.
dyd,
it
kahtd,
gird,
will
be seen
formed by adding
is
kdhd, said.
'^,
the root
and,
saying.
(4) The Perfect or Passive Participle, as !/
fallen.
kahnd, to say.
to
td
ends in a consonant, or ^
yd,
if it
ends in a
vowel.
in the feminine.
is
formed by adding
is
hai,
Singular.
1
^jj^y*
2.
3.
__
^j*:*
^
bjt *j
main
girtd hun.
tu girtd hai.
wuh
girtd hai.
Thou
He
am
falling.
art falling.
is
falling.
is,
to
10
Plural.
^A
f*
y* <L/
,.3
I_y
,_,**
u*
<_$
crjr (**
>
3.
the
is
ham
are falling.
You
are falling.
They are falling.
as
l}
We
girte hain.
iJj
The feminine
ends in
ham
^j>
*j
we
girti hain,
is
participle
is falling.
are falling.
formed by adding
to
the
4/ ^.< ma in,
1.
l*>
2.
^ ^/y
3.
UJ
'*j*
was
falling.
Thou wast
falling.
girt a tha.
tu girtd tha.
He was
^a.
falling.
Plural.
1.
&i I_y*
(*A
2.
^L <L/
o.
^ L/
Feminine
*
*)
<^
>
were
falling.
You were
falling.
They were
\J>
wnh
We
<_;**
girti thin.
main
girt/' thi.
They were
falling.
was
falling.
EXERCISE.
1
<_ U
>&
2.
3.
(jL^
I^J
4.
5.
tfi_^
^.a>
,^3
^^
<Ly
,v
-P'-*- (^
-
.&)}*
main jdtd
^ tw
thd.
idtl ho.
'auratenjdgti thin.
falling.
11
A&
6.
e)
7.
8.
soil hain.
,$&
9.
10.
t7
chalte the.
11.
12.
rfo
Translate into
A man
Urdu
ddmi
bolte the.
Two oxen
3.
ing).
sleeping.
Note.
Note.
is
laughing.
That child
1.
Words
2.
There
is
2.
4.
sleeping.
is
and subsequent
in this
exercises.
VOCABULARY.
*T,
bolnd,
v.
girnd,
,,
and,
intransitive, to speak.
to fall.
,,
to come.
to
chalnd,
jdgnd,
rond,
sond,
,,
,,
,,
to
go away, depart.
go along, move.
to
awake, be awake.
to cry,
weep.
to sleep.
12
frjl
v. intransitive, to
uthnd,
\AJ hansnd,
n.
ghar,
u,
bachchd,
i:>,
bail,
rise.
house,
masc.
child, infant.
,,
ox.
ek,
',
one.
adj.
two.
do,
get up,
to laugh.
,,
LESSON
VI.
Verbs-.
tive, as:
Singular.
i
U* oi"
2.
I/
3.
ij* *j
main
-^
11
Thou
tu gird,
ivuh gird,
He
didst fall.
fell.
^.
Plural.
1.
__/ ^A
2.
<~&
p*
3.
<_/
Feminine
^^
ham
gire.
turn gire.
wuk
^i*
gire.
maiw
We
fell.
You
They
girt,
fell.
fell.
fell.
^.^
ham
or
"
gvra, 1 tell.
Proximate Perfect
is
formed by
13
to
thd,
PRESENT PERFECT.
Singular.
1.
uj^ !/ L^*
2.
<>
3.
A ]^ h
main gird
wuh
hiln.
gird hai.
tit
Thou
He
gird hai.
have
fallen.
hast fallen.
has fallen.
Plural.
1.
2.
3.
^A
<_y? p&
tJ f*
)&
^A
__/
ham
gire hain.
*j
wuh
Feminine 3 singular
^^
fallen.
fallen.
They have
gire hain.
__
have
You have
We
wuh
fallen.
has
fallen, etc.
PAST PERFECT.
Singular.
1
2.
3.
[yf
S*
r
k'i
u-wA
im
He had
^/ia.
fallen.
Plural.
1.
l ^-;^
2.
3.
^_^
&- <-.j
A
,
f*
pi
t>)
/iam
wuh
Feminine singular 3
fallen, etc.
We
gfire ^/ie.
gire the.
^^
had
You had
fallen.
fallen.
14
i-
and
(ye
and
hamza
_*L
orthographical sign
instead of <&} , liye.
used instead, as ^V
is
lie,
EXERCISE.
1.
'aurat boll.
,sV? ^)y*
2.
3.
,)Jt
4.
^3
<i
c.
,&
5.
6.
(+>
J-^j
^J^'
(j'vi
o^
-J/
vj'^
\*tf
(j^--:
8.
fi-:
i&&
9.
'-^
*J
wuh
,r-^
,,1^
do
J^
^4>
gay
the.
hain,
<^_$ll^
naukar kahdn
r^y
J^
thd.
<U
.i3
7.
mard uthd
O-/
l$3 t^jf
Idl kitdben
yahdn
girni.
*a ^
bans phate
thr.
jj
10
^_^; ^.;
V
^>^
11.
^_ ^_/y /^
12.
<*
Translate into
1.
3.
(The)
Many
7.
Urdu
had
got
up.
bachche
<M^
jdmudr
royt- (roe}.
/iai.
bole the.
spoken.
split.
6. All
(The) oxen had fallen.
servants
w-ez
^- ^^
men had
clothes
fea/iwf.
4.
8.
book
is
lying (translate
15
9. Two red fruits
^Jj par no] here.
All (the) yellow flowers have bloomed.
12. (The) bamboo
11. All (the) servants have awaked.
have
10.
fallen.
VOCABULARY.
,
khilnd, v. int.
to
bolnd,
to
.,
open
(flowers),
bloom.
utter a sound).
This
speak
word applies to animals and inanimate things as well as to
(to
human
parna,
v. int.
to break,
pJiatnd,
,,
to split, to
mard,
n.
phal,
,,
>,
J
,,
servant.
,,
master.
fern.
book.
phul,
m.
flower.
bans,
,,
bamboo.
,,
animal.
adv.
here.
yahdn,
wahdn,
there.
kahdn,
where
sab,
all.
bahut,
pild,
zard,
fruit.
kitdb,
jdnwar,
Idl,
be torn.
>,mdlik,
,
be broken.
,,
naukar,
be lying.
to
lie,
guy a,
tutnd,
to
adj.
,,
many.
yellow (Hindi).
,,
(Persian).
red (H.).
,
(P.).
woman.
16
in these vocabularies
LESSON
TRANSITIVE VERBS.
VII.
There
1.
is
The Perfect
really
*.
Participle, like
Passive Participle,
its
original in
Urdu.
in
Sanskrit,
title in
is
Urdu
f
In order to form the
(ism maf ul, Jj*** p~^ ).
Perfect tenses of the Transitive Verb a construction like
that of the English Passive is used. The Participle is
made to agree in gender and number with the object or
patient and not with the subject or agent of the verb, and
the doer of the action is signified by affixing the particle
L. , ne, the sign of the agent case, as it is called by
Grammar
European Grammarians.
The Perfect
Participle
and
its
in
lar.
will illustrate
this
construc-
17
bo
o
3
^
o
2
t*
c3
,-C
fl
pj
c3
05
S
o
^
S
&:
-Q
CD
EH
EH
EH
&C
CD
EH
'
EH
EH
"J
Si
"5i
*a-
a.
53
--J
.g
-v
^^
O
^
Xl
x
'
2. The
object of the verb or accusative is either
identical in form with the nominative, or the particle
,
The use, or otherwise, of this particle is
ko, is affixed.
one of the most delicate points of Urdu idiom. For the
ko,
present the learner is advised to confine the use of
In
to persons, as in the specimen sentences above given,
subsequent lessons further hints will be given.
3.
and
inflected,
is
of
ko),
when capable
The
of inflection.
form
inflected
Norn. Sing.
Masc. inflected.
fc^
Fern, inflected.
ol?
Masc. uninflected.
elt?
Formative, Sing,
larke (k
larkd.
bat.
bat (ko).
bail.
bail (ko).
Nom. Plural.
Formative Plural.
Masc. inflected.
larke.
^O<j larkon
Fern, inflected.
bdteu.
y^,
Masc. uninflected.
bail.
4.
inflected as follows
C
1st pers. Ji
-J
2nd
j.
'
Agent
/ 1 st
plural
<!,
,,
we,
ham
ne.
'i
us ne.
ne.
inhon ne, L.
3rd
hon ne.
(
1st
j
1
(2nd
pers.
turn ne.
v-
Ace. sing.
i<?
pers
2nd
(ko).
bailon (ko)
<
/
main
(ko).
tune.
.,
(.3rd
Agent
^rff
<
sing.
baton
y^*
{
(
<ft?
>
tx'
^
,
&-
ko.
mujhe.
ysJ
< <
mujh
U;'/i
.,
^w^ne.
fro.
un
19
c
Acc.
S ,ng.
~sl
gapers.
1st
iff
ham
r
^I
3rd
When
5.
ko.
hamen.
f
,,
<
^l
_yW
inhen.
j.
..
.,
I.
is
us ko.
ko,
f
,
un
KO,
unhen.
(1)
Adjective pronoun.
>c
formed from
-y*>
hond,
it.
20
ilon ne
<-
5.
6.
l$3
7.
8.
tf
,0
ft".,
J
^.
Ithai hat.
^_^y larkinekhdndpakdydhai.
_^^"
^--
i/r'
ghds
if
"
"^ w
unhon
ar
^ ko kdtd thd.
ne
do bare qhar
U^J
..$
biddyd hai.
10.
t*
U"
'
<
tfc$ '*
yi/i
bdten
A-
11.
12.
1^3
UXj^
U^^^'
.c^*" ,riv* cy
13.
14.
,J^J
,<^L;
'
''-
rt-?^
^'
^
1
^ fk
3 ^"'
-^-"' <i-
i>
^ ftm we M?l
dekhd thd.
*'*
lo>!'ke
/'law
admion
ko
tin/in.
Translate into
Urdu
We
1. (The)
2.
have
boys have seen (the) house.
eaten (the) food. 3. (The) girls have cooked (the) bread
4. What had (the) man done?
5. (The) boy
(plur.).
snake. 6. You have bitten (the) bread.
killed (the)
7. (The) man said this word.
8. (The) men had read one
9. These women have called
book.
10. (The)
(the) girls.
boy gave (the) bread. 11. (The) man heard this word.
12. You had not received two bamboos.
VOCABULARY.
tiUj
,
banana,
v. trans, to
IJ;!.*,
mdrnd,
to strike, kill.
UAJJJ
parhnd,
to read.
21
khdnd,
to eat.
v. trans,
to cook.
pakdnd,
kdtnd,
to cut, bite.
buldnd,
to call.
kahnd,
to say.
,,
to do.
karnd,
did, done.
kiyd,
p. part,
of
dend,
v. tr.
to give.
liy
dekhnd,
v. tr.
xnnna,
uu
,,
ghds,
n. fern,
grass, weeds.
khdnd,
n.
m.
food, dinner,
bdt,
roti,
n. fern,
,,
snake.
is
bread,
tin,
adj.
three,
kyd,
pron.
adv.
what
nahm,
N.B.
to hear.
pdnd,
$dmp,
n before a labial
ur
to see.
When
no, not.
the auxiliary ^
that it is compounded of na
+ hai = is
not.
22
LESSON
THE
1.
The
relations
of
VIII.
GENITIVE.
etc.,
possession,
origin,
are
ex-
*\
'
'
WtS
us
ki
Tti
2.
lows
The
is
as
fol-
^~4
Singular t^
^a, or
merd, my.
,
iera, thy.
fc"r , ws ^a, his, hers, its.
/-s
&l
3.
The
reflexive
U->!
pronoun
when
apni
roti
contrary
^_
^^ ^^
^j!
^f
^j; i^*
*>
wuh uski
roti
*j
On
wnh
the
khdtd hai.
23
EXERCISE.
Lv wera
kj .$?
J
|j
1^3
iH
6ara hai.
,J*
.$f K ^] ^_
hai.
*J
&*_^~y^ <z)bj^ ^-
4.
gr/iar
the.
5. ^_^>JL.
<i
jj
<^_
do samp
mare hain.
6.
.xfc
7.
<__j*J
.ji^^ *i
,-ii^-
^5^Vi
<i
^Jv^
^f-'
<
A ^ am y^ bdtenjdnte
hain.
Jcapre
thi.
chhota hai.
U5^* ^
9.
V^
^~$
V.T'
is
10.
l^
<*.
11.
12.
13.
*_
14. ^-
^r*?'
^b
^^
,*5 ^iJbjj
^y
bi!
^>
a r^ e ke bdp ne meri
jntiyanlanaihaw,
1;V>
_/j|
X_j
hai.
the.
uT^*
J U1/u ^
^ ^j^' ^- ^
me
baniye ne apni'
chhori hai.
dukdn
JX
&
15.
))
Translate into
cjl^J ^_
Urdu
He
4.
small.
6.
We
is
)\j>
2.
woman
(The)
Your son
very big.
is
5.
has
opened
7.
Your
letters
had
24
arrived.
9.
He
is
built their
10. (The)
this thing.
own
shops.
men were
12. They
putting on their clothes. 11. I know
13. Cloth merchants were
have spoken these words.
made
his
own
shoes.
15.
They
VOCABULARY.
UJU
IJJI ,
tornd,
v.
t.
to break,
kholnd.
v.
t.
to open.
jdnnd,
v.
t.
to
pahinnd,
v. t.
to put
likhnd,
v.
to write.
land,
v. int. to bring.
t.
know.
on
(clothes).
m.
door.
nrorsar,n. m.
head.
chhornd, v.
darwdza,
juti,
n.
25
LESSON
IX.
root, as
La,
jd,
ye.
is only used when disintended, except when used to a very near relation.
The 2nd plural is used in speaking to inferiors, and
occasionally when speaking to equals, but in addressing
equals it is best to use the respectful form, which must
3.
respect
is
The
particle
is
The Precative
**>{*
obligatory).
6.
meet.
With a
milnd, to
he got bread.
^^ ^^
26
EXERCISE.
1.
5'
U^
2.
i^j
3.
("^
"
5^ "-^
^ <^l
r
<=
&
J
5.
6. *JfciJJ
yjKo v_T^'
cA* y^^-"!
<l
apne
<2~ 1U
yv|sc
A.,
ko
^/ wd/< ne bachche ko
its
pildyd hai.
d?7d/i
Ij^s"
diikan
^ kitdbeii hamko
7.
a,o.
Itapre pahino.
baniyd a-pni
jdfd hai.
^ v-.-~A.te
-***
,^j
.^
wahdnjd,o, yahdn
y^
hai.
8.
<_ UJt
9.
^jh
1.)
S Jj
Uifso
lifla.
jj
.i^i
r^^
***'
SJ
'
^^^ ^ in
-,
naukar
ko
do
machhliydn dijiye.
10.
J^bU
<ib
^/
H^ ^
ir-1
^ ^
kuchh
chahiye.
.^
larkon ko jhitth
11. JkX&U. fvJUJ^j
J J
-^' A^j^a.
4 * J> vj.W
"L/*"*
f
/
7
nahin chahiye.
'
bolnd
12.
^-J
L_S^>'
UJ^ij^ ^
f*
um ne
'&Q ko rot i di
$t ari
hai.
13.
14
15.
<
^ A-<Jkv
>
$
&-
lUi^I
).|
- J J,J J'
*-*
UJL
.iyi
_vJ
*}
A^s^y
J(U.
*
,Jt
c?ia?
haw ko kuchh
naht'n miltd
hai.
27
Translate into Urdu:
man went
3.
(The)
Give
my
servant
there.
2.
horse.
(a)
4.
13. (The)
milk
is
gentleman
15.
is
14.
Give
to drink.
VOCABULARY.
UJL
pildnd,
v.
milnd,
v. int. to
t.
meet (with
dat. of person), to
to
burnt,
n.
f.
chair.
din,
n.
m.
rat,
n.
f.
night.
fish.
machhli, n.
pdni,
n.
jhuth,
n.
garib, adj.
for.
milk.
dudh,
cP
wish
chdhnd,
day.
water,
m.
and
n.
m.
lie.
school.
madrasa,
n.
aur,
conj.
and.
garm,
adj.
warm,
char,
ad j
four.
kuchh,
indef. pron.
hot.
28
LESSON
X.
Singular oj
1.
2.
un.
3.
Plural
1.
2.
<^,e.
^_ e.
^
j
en.
3.
uV^
1.
'-Hi*,
^y,
2.
<^~ 1^-
3.
mamjd,un.
(If) I go.
tujd,e.
(If)
wuhjd,e.
(If)
thou goest.
he goes.
Plural.
c^^
1-
p*
>
2. -jl^
^>,
3.
2.
!f
The Future
gd,
Jf
^ri-'k?-
if
gty
hamjden.
(If)
we
tumjd,o.
(If)
you
icuhjd,en.
(If)
they go.
go.
go.
is
aorist
by adding
terminations are
the feminine, as
_
:
ye,
and J?
gi,
for
29
Masculine Singular.
1.
&JJP
2.
&y
3.
u^
j->
&jS
>
tii
*j
main
wuh
I will do.
karftnyd.
Thou
karegd.
He
karegd.
wilt do.
will do.
Masculine Plural.
1.
ham
*A
fi^i/f
will do.
Mm/i karenge.
They
will do.
3.
<A ^>
1.
Singular feminine,
*j
will do.
You
</j>y fJ
We
karenge.
turn karoge.
2.
^i/
*j
wuh
do.
2.
Plural feminine
cs^
?im karogi,
^>,
you
will do.
The Future
suffix
is
yd,
The
Sanskrit root which expresses the idea of going.
Urdu Future &j> *j , wuh karegd, therefore corresponds to
the English colloquial idiom, he
is
going to do
(it}.
EXERCISE.
^i^
1.
*&*-
2.
3.
^.
5.
6.
^>b S
KjX
}-)y
KjJU'
S ",4^
-^
i-
f^
i
-
imh khdnd
u. A.Le
i-?b
"
'
x.
khd,ega.
ham wahanjdenge.
bachchd rat ko so,egd.
t_>il
*)
u^J
^b
^j*"
JojJk
^4$
larke ko
pain
ke ghar ko
30
madraxe
n ko
bhejo.
hamapnekapre pahinenge.
wuhhamko
f
o,uraten
-
itnt/i
ro/.t'
khildenye.
baehapne apne
j
j.
dekhenqi.
A;o
Mtt^
likhegd.
kojdgegd.
tiaukar
rott'
pakdegd.
fear/'
khdega.
naukar pdni
Translate into
men
Urdu
Idenge.
will
eat bread.
9.
They
* This
may
also be written
pronounced madrase.
it
16. I
should be
31
LESSON
XI.
EXERCISE.
1.
A-
^T
c^liS <L
<
IxaA. *j
Jumna
u-uh
ke kindre xe
dyd hai.
^^
2.
ts^ J <-
*->
*j
wu ^
se
-A-9
jdegd.
3.
-xfi>
dLl^ ^l^
<
"*^
sm
se
kapre s
thin.
5.
6.
<_
J;^
1^3
.yr^
);)
kA. 4^
l^XJ
>is
v-s'^*
,i__
m ^*
khurpi aurphdwre
zamzn khodte hain.
Ukhd
.
^-
8.
<-
l**^-
<2L
9.
10.
11.
<-^^ c^lyxJ .^
)J.=>-
)y*>
<-
41
.j^--
<.J
^ ; J ^j-*-^
^^u
'
^s&**-'
g JL>|
o^
^^ ^!.
<-
./>)"'
se
thd.
-**
&y
larkd
se
chhotd hai.
hud
apm man
se
juda
hai.
se
dur hai
^)J^ darzism
se
dur
Agra
hai.
kitn^
se qamizst'tdhai.
32
&
12.
U*fc |p
<-
~ixf
\~)y^
ghord gadhe
se
bard hot a
hai.
13.
taultd hai.
*
J)|.jJ
J*
<.
^~
J^crJ^^T-h
J *~3;
t_.'
banaega.
15. &_
^v ^- yjtli
^/i
^^
*i
se
bar i
hai.
16.
JLU6iS
}p^
J*t
Translate into
1.
She
will
J J*J
Urdu
'i /
rangata hai.
(a) knife.
3.
2.
niy
sind,
khodnd,
hond.
UJ
taiilnd,
rang and,
Jumna.
33
Agra,
n.
m.
Agra.
Dehli,
n.
m.
Dehli.
m. Calcutta.
Kalkatta, n.
chamcha,
7
")
cfiamach)
> n.
j
m. spoon.
n.
m.
rice, (cooked).
n.
m.
gardener.
Tchurpi,
n.
f.
karnt,
n.
f.
phawrd,
(gardener's) trowel.
(mason's) trowel.
n.
m.
qalam,
spade, mattock.
n. m. or f. ? pen.
ustdd,
n.
m.
teacher.
n.
m.
tailor.
n.
m.
shirt.
gadhd,
n.
m.
ass,
tardzu,
n.
m.
scales.
n.
m.
grain.
n.
m.
andj,
listri, n.
diwdr,
rangrez,
n.
donkey.
m. mason.
wall.
f.
n.
m.
dyer.
n.
m.
dye, colour.
and
inter, pron.,
kitnd,
adj.
kindrd,
n.
m.
edge, bank.
sui,
n.
f.
needle.
zamin,
n.
f.
earth, land.
how much
34
LESSON
XII.
THE LOCATIVE
The
CASE.
par,
on or upon,
<~&
tak,
men,
in,
affix-
into,
to.
up
EXERCISE.
A. Uf
1.
2.
<*_
3.
4.
13U.
t^5
>>* <UU;JL/
men gay a
hai.
hai.
r->
Ulx> ^_^iJL>
u'uh shahr
JluJ ustdd
^"
-P*
*j
fifS*
<
<-
lakri
se
palang
bandtd thd.
5.
&
<*J^T
6.
K*jk>
7^
ic*^
jj^J
jJ
,ji3
i^
J
'
^- 3^^ ^^^
9.
v^^-:
11.
12.
13.
1^3 |j.i
KjJbva-
*J
<
J?*
'^
&k
hante tak
hai.
Jl
.fi"
^y^J^
G-'~)I'
^*
^ ^;^
-^
y i_Jo
i
I**
'^
r*JI
)\r~
J& mere
bag.
men
phul aur
fcotn.
malt
-ihal
lagdye
35
14
.**
LJ"
A.
15.
16.
i*>
WX
ki dawdton men
dt un larkon
7 X T 7
$
Va^5
siyahi bharo.
lJ
sahib kursijwrbaithdhai.
k.t^
*&>
*>(
ham
ne jangal
jdnwar mdrd
Translate into
Urdu
men
ek
thd.
2. We
1. They went from the city into the jungle.
gave as much as four rupees. 3. (The) girl cried till
4. Four constables and two mounted (policemen)
night.
went as far as that village. 5. (The) man broke his
6. We live in Dehli.
7. There are (small)
bedstead.
8. They had not eaten bread for
stones on this chair.
9. (The) teacher took the pens and
(from) two days.
inkstand and books into the school.
10. This school-mistress has written two books.
11. The boy will read for
12. (The) child's mother was sleeping
(up to) two hours.
on the bed, and her child fell from the bed on (to) the
ground. 13. We stayed in this house for (up to) four
14. (An) animal came from the jungle into the
days.
15. The donkey was laden with small stones
village.
16. (The)
(small stones were loaded on (the) donkey).
horsemen had mounted upon their horses.
VOCABULARY.
shdhr,
n.
m.
ustdd,
11.
m.
teacher.
list dni,
n.
f.
school-mistress.
city.
palang,
n.
m.
bedstead.
barhat,
n.
m.
carpenter.
n. f .
n.
m.
wood.
soldier, constable.
36
sawdr,
m.
n.
mounted
rider,
soldier or
police-
man.
4jj
c\0
>
Ui^,
Jb
J&Z
m.
a rupee.
rupiya,
n.
rupaye,
plural of above.
ghantd,
n.
m.
bell,
daZ,
n.
f.
pulse, lentils.
kankar,
n.
m.
gdnw,
dawdt,
n.
m.
village.
n.
f.
inkstand.
hour.
limestone.
y'-S',
etji,
(^A^-, siyahi,
n. f.
<Jn* t jangal,
n.
lj>j
ladnd,
v. int. to
UAJ^-
UIw
UK)
rahna,
grta
forest,
L>4>J
^JW
ink, blackness.
m.
to
bharnd,
v.
pdnch,
ad j
chaihna,
v. int. to
t.
be loaded.
fill.
five.
LESSON
XIII.
THB CONJUNCTIVE
1.
The Conjunctive
PARTICIPLE.
Participle
is
sometimes identical
-/
jd karke.
karke, as
,jd,
\*> ,jdke,
affixes
^V,
is
ke,
jtikar, or
usually
kar,
^V
one or more
37
and
gone, say, or go
say.
EXERCISE.
1.
2.
3.
^j
jlew^jbU^
bl -$l^
jjyfc
y /J
ut-K" */!
/i
.,<,
t^y
r^^ ^- J^-l
U^
6.
7.
t^
8.
lj^
l4fJ
f^
5.
i/-t
_s\\w
rtr^
,.(\
"^r"
tf!
L"- ^j
S J^$
.-.I
^"
<l-l
le
gayd.
,ri-!^ kitdben
^_5>*jT
sjljj;^
waZ uthdkar
A^ ^;^l
^^
naukar ko luldkar
yahdn bhejd hai.
M*W
1_
icuh
ddmi darwdza
khol-
10.
11
12.
e&dj^jKjL
5%.
<>\A.
'
AxJIiA.^
^"
oj
chaldo.
-Jlj*
<^
^_
tj
13.
&
Jo^
/!
shikar khelenge.
3 JJ^
A_^r.
^ ajuj ^
j>
& .J <u*i;
' ^*
X_
us
.s-*^^ ^^
j
^*~*
ami
ne
*.x>
cyL.
X^
wt7i
.vai
pa*se
kharidkar
ke
Idiid hai.
dm
38
Jy cM^ tx*^
r*
15.
.SU-
16.
IfciU*.
.
<L
<*^3L*
>*
"
fiH^-k baniye
.-it
^*^T
Jl&c>
Translate into
ne do ser
taulkar diye the.
2_
L^M.,J
Urdu
).*>
"
dhdn
rat>ra
dos
De/iZi wera
jd
7.
Load
here.
(the)
8. I will
10. (The)
(a) letter and sent it to Calcutta.
weigh seven ser(s) rice and give it to me.
11. (The) master counted five pice and gave to (the)
servant.
12. My mother cried when she heard this word.
has written
will
baniya
The money
(rupees)
in the
is
is
VOCABULARY.
bhejnd,
v.
puchhnd,v.
to send.
t.
int. to
ask (a question).
uthdnd,
v.
t.
to take up,
rakhnd,
v.
t.
band karnd,
v.
t.
to
shikar khelnd, v.
jotnd,
v.
t.
make
t.
lift.
fast, shut.
to hunt,
to yoke.
go shooting.
39
chaldnd, v.
M,
ginnd,
t.
40
rians have objected to the statement that this tense denotes
a future action, and Indian grammarians and authors have
claimed that " the Aorist contains in it the ideas both of
the present and future." These are, however, niceties
which need not be discussed at this early stage. Contin-
priate particle.
The following
\
**/(
*'
go> go ki,
*r3
C5#y
hdl-dn-ki, although,
,y
_**.
even
tab, to,
1^3^3
then
to
agarchi, although,
Jk^
*O* J*
J3
if
agar,
if.
p*&
j*-,
j+
nevertheless.
tail bhi,
fa
ham, nevertheless.
jab, jo,
if
when,
if
then.
tab tak s until
jab tak
or so long
till
then.
EXERCISE.
t
1.
2.
ISuJtj
'
8. *
4i.
.H-!
jt^Jf
Vx^
\y*
L
i)u
y f_ 3
y ^.
*=pj
0^4.
Xj
y
/I
A^saiJ^U ob./l
'
wJJ I^XjJ
ir-f ^~?~
to
usko
uthd,o.
a 9 ar
saza
a 9 ar
peg
wuh
mujh
se
b <*t
^ne,
to
kaho.
cMz *
pat.
41
5.
6.
,$
<=
US
"*
*'
*_^=>- ,/
ww ^
a&
dekhen, to khtib
roen.
Jf
'
i^Jki 8
t_J2k.
.>.
U*J>
J
-/
bhukha
WM/I
o
7.7
/care
"
ffa
UJbL*.
j>,J
>,
A^r^l aqarchi
"
wuhnaMn
7 7
ho,
to
chdhtd,
taubhi fcarega.
Jb *^rJ^
x
U*i
'
-7
-^
A*>.f)
*"'
f%
9.
5^-
**
v_s<H
x -?
dawd karwt
agarchi
/77'
ta^^bn^ piunga.
ho
^.^
*?y^' agarchi
wuh
bulde taubhi
najdo.
10.
>
11. ,jt^
12
iJ
l^* *,J
<w
'
ij^u
--I
^*
oh t
A>
.j^^
u u^5 ^"^
A^5U
J ^wm itnd
(&>
ham kyd
%_
we
ho.
hahdn soen
/la^/z-
d/ioo
*S
bhukhd na
jab
18.
.jtw
,
|t^ U3|
sabun
se is liye
bilkull saf ho
|ytj
.j
admi
na dun
a 9 ar
to
ma
ko paisa dun yd
?
auzr mngun
fauran
mere
pas
raltho.
Translate into
What
Urdu
shall I say?
2. Where shall we
go? 3.
he saw the book then he took it up. 4. When
5. If
(a) man is hungry what (can) he do ? (use aorist).
my horse should fall, what will you do ? 6. If that
gentleman calls you, go. 7. Although you should find
8. Although the
that fruit, nevertheless do not eat it.
medicine should be bitter, yet we will drink it. 9 Al1.
When
42
though he washed his hands with water yet they remained quite dirty. 10. Shall I give this poor man a
11. When he washes
rupee, or shall I not give (it) ?
(fut.) his clothes with water, then they will become quite
12. If that boy should obey my word, then tell
clean.
me
at once.
VOCABULARY.
sazd,
n. f
punishment.
to be punished.
lib
to mind, obey.
well.
hungry.
medicine.
bitter.
>/,
to drink.
adj.
n.
and adv.
full,
complete, whole.
m. soap.
adv.
clean, clear.
s.
pi.)
tool, tools.
The doubling
Note.
fauran
is
LESSON XV.
THE VOCATIVE
THE IMPERATIVE.
CORRELATIVE SENTENCES.
CASE.
RELATIVE AND
1.
The? vocative is the formative of the noun with the
nasal sign omitted, as jJ ^, ai larke,
boy or ]} <^t,
!
ai larko,
boys
2.
There is no
and third persons.
special
Instead of
used.
3.
The following
useful
series
of
:
adjectives
and
45
EXERCISE.
*
..a
*A.
jo hogd so hogd.
kis
ne tumko
buldyd hai ?
ai bhdtl jo hukm turn ne
diyd hai. usko us ne
mdnd
#>
4i.jj] J_j>
5.
clj
^J^
u^^- j^ V'
Jt(j U3f
6.
7.
jw*
lj
W wuh
.jj liia.
b t*Jj US ^i^" ^
hai.
^/")
log ab
yt'^wa a?eo#e
gharjden.
Una
pdoge.
jiind
kedushmanne daurdyd.
L/**'
u^ ^^
*)
46
10.
11.?
jj-^^
12. jj^J
g'HH
ustdd puchhegd
ws&o m'alum hogd.
ji
ic*^
ri
7*
U^ LV ^'
'ly^pl ^~J
tab
*-^*. jab
mdrun
ddmi
ko
yahan
rahe
aur
ghord ivahdn.
18. <2L Uy
LJ^ (A.)
ULLu L*xa.
7t-M/i
sitn^a
yais(*
(hai)
khet
qehun
NOTES
No. 5
ko
As
wuh
ii\t
boen.
is
Urdu
Translate into
1.
What
rafee is
2.
3.
orders
gave (spoke). 4. He
(words) their teacher
received as much as he gave. 5. Let the women cook
6. As fast as he ran so fast did his enemy
their bread.
run.
7. Wherever they look they see (the) sky clear.
8. Where wheat grows (becomes) much
water is not
9. They speak as they hear.
10. The gardeners were sowing seed and planting trees.
11. Shall I
strike my son ?
12. Let the teacher read and the pupils
necessary.
listen.
13.
shall speak.
He
will
14.
know
When
(it
the
will
did
47
VOCABULARY.
bhdt,
n.
m.
bahin,
n.
f.
huhni,
n.
m.
darakht, n. m.
fcy,
ZO<JT,
dsmdn,
or <J?^
brother.
sister.
command,
order.
tree,
n.
m.
seed.
n.
m.
people.
n.
m.
sky, heaven.
chdmral or chdwal,
n. m., rice,
husked for
1
cooking
&/i
zarurat,
n.
m.
rice,
n.
f.
need, necessity.
zarur,
adj.
jald,
adv.
dushman,
and
quickly, swiftly.
n. m.,
enemy.
shdgird,
n.
m.
pupil, disciple.
khet,
n.
m.
field.
gehiin,
n.
m.
wheat.
A'i/a,
int.
6o?^a,
v.
daurnd,
pron.
t.
what? (introducing a
question).
to sow.
v. int., to
run, gallop.
daurdnd,
v. t.
to cause to run.
puchhnd,
v.
t.
mdngnd,
v.
t.
to
chahnd,
v.
t.
>
*
,
cooked.
md'lum hond,
ask for
v. int., to
(a thing), solicit.
become known.
48
LESSON XVI.
THE
and
Desiderative.
eat.
&*>))
2.
Instead of
.
ke liye, or
By adding
dena, a
Ija
L>
i_/ ^-1
L./
JJj ,
do
(it).
As the permissive
it is
to
or colloquially, he got
do
to
diyd,
(it).
is
uninflected, as
_
is wishing to do (it),
IJ/ fy
^^
it is
or L.^
^ ^t
hai,
he
usne karnd or
(it).
EXERCISE.
1.
<_ v^~MU^> U^
>
^
*$
L*J|
J '
turn ko aisd
.,
karnd muna-
sib hai.
^-~&"
*
zarur hai.
49
3-
&
{*>
4}*"
jjv*
cj+S
Sj
sone ko
gayd\hai.
4. v^~j** 3s*.\3
J^j J-ai
L-
*,
fc
am ya
A~Ae
* gait
men
sipdhi nej'dne
nahtn diva.
6.
^-j-u*
Jb
c^U
X- J^^jl J>i
5 ^ or
sone
na pate
ham
the.
^Z Are
shagirdon ko
hoshydr hond chahive.
8.
^ i- i>
9. U-jJ
^^sxi
ej;lso
^XI ^j^j
^j.
J*y
*;
^w ^
ke liye
ham ko qalam
nahm likhne detd.
jb j wwfc
Is
se
11. 5^
^J^
munh
pdm
12.
13.
A^jiS^^^fcJ
4.U.
>
^ xL
^.ybj
.
<i!Aone
UfliU.
t
%e
c2%od
/to
<-
&e
do.
16.
Ido.
15.
paregd.
ULu l,j
bimdr
dawd pind chdhtd
* XlUxi
"<f
.
50
Translate into Urdu:
2. Trowels are
1. It was fitting for them to do thus.
necessary to masons for building walls. 3. I do not wish
4. They began to go to the school
to sleep in (the) room.
5. This man has come from Bagdad to Agra to
to read.
6. (The) servant of such a master should be caretrade.
ful.
7. He
went to school for three years to learn
8. He brought water to wash the child's
arithmetic.
face.
9. Please let the washerman go home (to (his)
We
to give
men to
dinner.
15.
We
servant
VOCABULARY.
mundsid,
fitting, proper.
careful, wise.
meat,
flesh.
knife.
**
room, chamber.
harvest, crop.
lane.
phrase, by reason of
the smiting of)
.
person.
trade, commerce.
Bagdad.
arithmetic, account.
year.
M*
mouth,
hand.
face.
(lit.
by
51
dhobi,
bimdr,
n.
n.
m. washerman.
m. sick man, invalid,
patient.
take away.
lejd'a,d }
parna,
to
be
necessary, (with
son), to
sikhnd,
v.
have
to learn.
t.
LESSON
XVII.
Examples
Completive,
_^$-
finished doing
Potential,
\&>*>j
fy
wuh
Tear
(it).
gj
wuh bar
(it).
Continuative,
>
fy
IA>
wuh
^_
goes on doing
Ua>j
it.
Uy
s}
is
(it).
hai,
he
52
In the form of the continuative with the con-
Note.
sense
doing
is
it,
but, he
Verbs
4.
tion,
is
now doing
not,
he has been
it.
whatever the
first
may happen
to be.
5.
" Your
dp,
Honour,"
is
dp
karenge,
'
J^
t****
<
"~'r^ ^?^
sj^U.
f
v^5*
->T
J>
v-5
LJ.
3 *~"
^U.
<dL$
V^
JL>
*"
l3
^
*
KJ
*
y^
'i^
v>Jjj
dp lei chdddr gula* rangrez
T >
bi ranga sakega.
-Jy
g.
SjUjfc
.c>^
-*J
t
*^
rbii
\~?/S
^s^-J^.
^5^>'
chuha hai.
bawarchi
khichrt
chukd thd.
pakd
ma
daur
<- U
5.
<**
vj'^x*
e%
ghore
rahe hain.
7
v/Uj
^ ^
:
7^
*
^^i4$
"^
^5
dushman
,,
x
khet
7
chhor
Tear
53
wuh
.
9. J^Uk.
10. .c
11. Uly
ujl t_5^
12
j* ^ )
&>}*
K^.
ij-0 *3>
to
\J\ (g
A* Jfl*> Huzur
***~
ko
main beshakk dp
parM
sakwngd.
13.
j\
15. A^Xf;
_1^
oT
!*
L JjL^u^JjJ "^r^^
...
^.'.
sowdr
ghore
par
bdndhtd rahtd thd.
go-rib
daulatmand
mdng rahd
xe bh?'kh
thd.
Urdu
The boys are learning
Translate into
1.
arithmetic.
2.
Can the
3. I
the
fish.
10.
We
will
certainly learn
Urdu Grammar.
The
little
54
15. I have finished learning the
bird go out of the cage.
16. Is it difficult to learn Persian ?
alphabet.
VOCABULARY.
bird.
chiriyd,
n. f .
pinjrd,
n.
chddar,
n. f
guldbz,
adj.
pdejdma,
n.
m.
pink, rose-colour.
drawers.
Jcurtd,
n.
m.
jacket.
m.
bciwarchi, n.
kMchr/,
n.
cage.
sheet, wrapper.
m. cook.
f.
dish consisting of
pulse mixed.
and
rice
n.
sarf-o-nahiv, n.
f.
grammar
(lit.
accidence and
syntax).
fdrst,
hiiziir,
11.
n.
f.
m.
be-shakk, adv.
duhnd,
z^X
Persian.
your Honour
v.
t.
to milk.
11.
m.
saddle.
n.
[lit.
n.
m.
rich, rich
m. alms.
mu-shkil, adj.
difficult.
bhdgnd, v.
parhnd,
int. to flee,
v. t.
par-hand, v.
t.
(your)
ence.]
doubtless.
run away.
to read, learn.
to teach.
man.
Pres-
55
v.
bechnd,
iU
t
t.
to sell.
to bind.
bdndhnd,
v.
t.
bdzdr,
n.
m. market.
LESSON
COMPOUND VERBS.
1.
noun
By adding
in
I*/ to
d,
/,
XVIII.
$jt Ujj ),
he is in the habit of reading.
2. In addition to the form of the Desiderative given
in Lesson XVI, another Desiderative form is made by
adding
UaU.
3.
^^,
IAJJ s,
chahrui,
to
the
Perfect
hai,
The form
j'dnd,
the
as
to read.
Participle,
he wishes
of the Perfect
Participle of
li^U-
^^ *>
the verb
li^*-
common
bl^jdyd, as
Participle
of
tf/
habit of going.
ly
marnd,
|y
is
EXERCISE.
1. aiXLS^xf
L- j_
karne ke
i&feiiSjfl&ym sauddgar tijdrat
liye Kalkatte ko bardbar
56
<- U&U. r
2.
3.
.yiAU.
4s,
<^ ^_*u
a ,b
<_
5. ^tl)
Ul^J
->T
*&.
>,j
XJ
V-A.
WW
^x
^ a^
^*r**y^9 mithai
naukar sone
&<*
se
b
,
^_|
u^i^
,_<J^*
mard
bechdrd harin
x>
i
>^-j)
>
>>3 kiy
mazdur
is
-L
apwe %/fc
Aro
7 17
rakhkar
ITJ^
)%)'J,jb
xx>
a-
.-J^
r>>
X,
J
iruh kdrtus
c ^fe arra
^ 1^
v
8.
J>u*x>
-)
karte
Aaiw.
masjid
A
2-
10. Ujt
oI
(jp^
Dalian de tab
ko baithne kiijdzat
ham
J^i <^ c
-yisoL)
Maulvi being a
karte
urna
is
chdht?' hai.
in the plural.
57
wuh
pakarega.
is
18.
Ice
the tab
naukar ne dkar
'
15.
16.
^J
JL^ *!*.*
^U^
/ fU
.x* t^ltH'*
Translate into
Urdu
tfzt/i
^ U?^
sTiam
A-O
gewd
Awrifi fca*.
ko maiddn
khelne do.
Iwkon
men
58
VOCABULARY.
sauddgar,n. m.
bardbar, adv.
regularly, equally.
bechdrd, adj.
helpless, poor.
harin,
n.
mithdt,
n. f
gdlt,
n.
f.
mazdur,
n.
m.
jagah,
n. f.
>f>f,
55*-V,
',
m.
.
deer, antelope.
sweetmeats.
abuse, foul language.
hired labourer, coolie.
place.
&ojh,
n.
m.
load, burden.
dram,
n.
m.
rest.
banduq,
n.
f.
gun.
kdrttis,
n.
m.
bdrud,
n.
f.
chharrd, n. m.
,
merchant.
maulvt,
n.
m.
cartridge.
gunpowder.
shot.
(Mohammadan)
doctor
learned man.
*ajM
namdz,
n.
masyid,
n. f .
Uj$i
l*Jf ,
prayer.
place of prayer.
ijdzat,
n. f .
lug.at,
n.
f.
dictionary.
qimat,
n.
f.
price.
permission.
dam,
n.
m.
price.
sham,
n.
m.
evening.
gend,
n.
f.
ball.
m.
box, chest.
chaldnd, v.
t.
bharn-d,
v.
t.
to
urnd,
v. int. to fly.
&***, sanduq,
U&$-
f.
n.
pakarnd, v.
t.
fill
(into or with).
to catch, to hold.
off.
of
law,
59
sundnd,
v.
roz roz,
adv.
t.
to cause to
be heard.
day by day.
LESSON XIX.
COMPOUND VERBS.
INTENSIVES.
sition to
be added in order
to express
in English.
it
The
EXERCISE.
1. ,j*)
-_ Uf yn-jLi. *&jjJ AJ
2.
Lf &JLw
3.
v.^u
.-!
^ yj JiU .-I
ly
J*
sawdr
Ijj^ X j]j*u
is
Jca
sabab
se
wuh mar
d hai.
shdddsh
sad
mere dachche ne
Icarwi
dawd pv
hai.
5.
IjUfe
60
* <*
6.
7. S^-**
8.
c/*Jf
&i*)
tx>
li"
l'*
v_5*^/
<*-&^
jy
Ujr*^*
jljl; ..^
tt^l
sahib!
fco
shdgirdon
wwA-e fard,iz
samjhd
dij'iye.
S^
10. -*J
^-
uT^
ww ^
(^5
dabjdegt.
11. ^Jjkjla. -*
12. f g**f
5^1*1
^jla. i_5j
y^'
ct^ar
^ ir'ty j;^ P /i
a ^ ar
'
Xj ^j]
L jjlZ^i JL<^
Aswi
*^^
Ji
"
**^
* Ul
^^-u/t U5
18. u-w
14 ^^
'
M7H
^.
.y
yo
"
AraZ at/a
.
to
daurka-r
uthfio to
A- ./o musdjir
*'
dab jae
wit/i
mar
usko
kuchh nuqsdn
Peshawar
se de
'
ib
JU v^
15. ./ c^y^)
'^ olx-,)
AJ
!/*
sa
16. **i
>5b
^
*
AJ*
JL*.
^
*
f-b
bdten
61
Translate into
1.
Two men
Urdu
down under
:
fell
cart
(a)
away
VOCABULARY.
khardb,
JiU,
gdfil,
piricht
piydld,
,
is
sabab
shabdsh
ofsos
huttd,
yUo,
se,
f
adj.
bad,
adj.
careless.
evil, spoilt,
n.
m. saucer.
n.
m. cup.
bravo
int.
alas
n.
well done
m. dog.
khabarddr, adj.
careful.
warna,
conj.
and
n. f.
kite.
murgi,
n. f .
hen, fowl.
asbdb,
n.
m.
musafir,
n.
m.
traveller.
if
62
pi. of /arz, n.
faraiz,
niche,
nuqsdn,
Peshawar,
f,
j"
#;',
adv.
today.
A-aZ,
adv.
to-morrow, yesterday.
sab,
adv.
all,
t.
to
v.
t.
to
for ddlnd,
v.
t.
to smash.
^i> parnd,
v. int., to fall
gird dend,
marjdnd,
to die.
y* lend,
v. t.
khdjdnd,
v. int.
mdr
v. t.
to drink up.
to eat up.
to kill outright, slaughter.
to wipe down.
ddlnd,
batd dend, v.
samjhd
v.
dab j and,
chalejdnd, v.
^wZa lend v.
Ji'ah
dend,
to explain, inculcate.
v. int., to
get crushed.
v. t.
int.
to
t.
to call
pahunchd dend,
lij^ *^
t.,
t.
dend, v.
uthdnd,
down.
v. int.
ponchh ddlnd,
every.
throw away.
throw down.
dend, v.
phenk
,s
v. t.
v.
t.,
go away.
and bring.
to tell.
63
LESSON XX.
THE PAST CONDITIONAL AND THE NOUN OP AGENCY.
1.
The Past
Conditional,
^j&
t3/
main
cor-
kartd,
uy>
Gl
Bj^l
agar
wuh
section 186.
The English Present Indefinite, I go, I do,
I say, should be rendered by the Present Imperfect, if the
idea is that of continued action ; or by the Frequentative,
if the idea is that of habitual action.
3. The noun of agency is formed by adding the affix
ty , wdld, to the inflected Infinitive. This is not properly
a substantive, but an adjective. It is most frequently
used without an accompanying substantive, but some such
substantive as person, thing, is understood. If this fact
is borne in mind, many of the false idioms which are
frequently heard on the lips of Europeans will be avoided,
such as " this wdld," " that wdld." This form has also
L.\
*y
wuh
EXERCISE.
1. *;yi
luj )^j AJ
.jT
Sj t^l
agar
pita to
2. a^sS
A/
JL.
^^~! J
.
j$]
*
tigar
turn
is
sdlan men
mazaddr
hota.
to
64
3.
Uyfc
men
"
dhobi kapron
kalaf dekar istri
Xjj i_US
a # a7
1^1 y UG
f^
v-
4.
Jo
turn
agar
khiib
achchhd hot a.
hal joikar bij
tumhare
menfaslhotf.
bote
to
s
to
rupaye
kharch na karte
JU
l;h*'t
to
ab
b.
ag ar bachchd rota
ear-wr suntL
,;
7.
AJ
6achcM
agfar
main
to
main
roegd
to
suniing/'.
mand
9.
L.-J
11.
khelneicdh'
JL>
C
lv{
>'
itjb,
,j f
}
J),
-2
larke
7
men daurte
10.
hote hain.
maidan
,7
the.
panlihdwdld
bard
soneicdld hai.
< Lbi
I_--
JLftj
v."
^ar
-
rahneivdle
Urdu
sdf bolnewdld
hai.
kaunjdnewdld
14.
15.
J
^ U. ^^
*
Djfc
"^
hai.
jdnewdld
agfar tcw/i
X
T
to jane aero.
f
hotd
65
ugar turn sone ke waqt
jdyte rahoge tojdgne ke
ivaqt sone chdhoge.
~w
Translate into
Urdu
He
is
8. If
11.
If
pure Urdu (do not speak Urdu clear). 12. If the boys
play at sleeping time they will be sleepy (want to sleep)
13. If you had meant to go (had been
at play-time.
would
have let you go. 14. If I had known this,
he
goers)
15. Put red pepper in the
I would not have spoken.
meat curry. 16. That man is a teller-of-the-truth.
VOCABULARY.
salan,
n.
m.
meat or
curry, especially of
fish.
n.
f.
curry,
especially
of
vege-
tables.
red pepper.
round or black pepper,
red pepper or chillies,
Idlmirck,
tasty.
a kind of starch,
starch, gruel,
smoothing
khub,
adj.
iron.
well, fine.
66
J>
IVJ^A.
4/
JU.
JA
5,7*-
^_x>
>
achchhdy
adj.
hal,
n.
kal jotna,
v.
mihnat,
adj.
n. f .
pankhdwald,
zubdn,
t.
to spend.
in difficulties.
labour,
toil,
work.
m. punkah-puller.
n.
n.
plough.
to plough.
t.
Itharck karnd, v.
lanff-hdl,
good, well.
m.
f.
tongue, language.
LESSON XXI.
NOMINAL VERBS.
1. Nominal Verbs are formed by combining a noun,
substantive or adjective, with a verb, usually karnd or
Some of these compounds are really phrases, but
Twwia.
in many cases the ideas of the noun and the verb combine
so as to form but one conception.
Many of the nouns
used are derivatives from the Arabic and Persian and are
used in elevated or honorific style. In some cases, the
compound, when the verb is Transitive in meaning,
governs the object, in the accusative case, in other inThe learner is
stances one of the other cases is used.
recommended to note, if possible, the construction of each
nominal verb as it occurs in his reading, because as in the
matter of the gender of nouns, it is difficult to compile
an exhaustive list. In the exercises in this book the construction of the nominal verbs used will be noted.
2. The verbs dikhdi dend (or par no) sundi dend (or
parnd) are in somewhat frequent use. It is therefore
necessary to remember that, contrary to the general rule,
the verb dend does not, in these cases, make the com-
pound a
transitive one.
'^ (^V-i
j$
-jf,
e Jc
ghar dekhdi
67
^ ^U-
a house appeared.
diyd,
^\
jty
ek
dwdz sundi
vUi
Ujfcjj
(JT$
3. cL-
^^
jli*T
-i-
,_ko
C^
'
2.
jLi
L )j*^*>-
uo*c li^b^j
*&>
ham
huzur
karte
~
4.
^yt
e^L
I3j$
namdz
bo c
<
^ main dp
^.oj
bat a'rz
se yih,
ham.
se
minnat karta
hiin.
5.
^t-L"
u/tii^a-
jl^T
wuh khaufndk
sundi di to sab
-y ^J
6.
7.
vjlx.|
ly^>
^^^
/U*'*
8.
^_ Uf
J/ L-
Xj tS jj>
jjl^
Ul
-^
Ihdggdye.
A-^c^
!tJw
^"
Carrie
ma iTturn
le
12.
^^
o'
*^o j^^.
^? ^^v*
nua.
wuh
ki
karo,
vt
AJ
gf/5ar
were
tashrif
diye.
sa/j,z'6
sab
liye
^w/ &?
&4r>}
ke
asbabjam'a karo.
^^-Jb;J darydft
f ~
11.
ddm
^_y
_rj^<>
dwdz
v_^c^ jab
Huzur
lashrif
le
gae.
tashrif rakhiye.
a/im
lay an
68
13
/l**^
^L*.*1
14
US
15.
j*-J^
^&
J^
-X" *y-&
>
ma.shg.ul
hote the.
^r? ^^jft
J^-l^
<j_-
Khuda
man
!>
.-v^Le --T
s#/fo'fe
ne
'a
bolnd
jhuth
kiyd hai.
shahr
men
dakhil
hue hain.
16.
.<i
*!;
u^^Le
cyV'* /^
^wi mmilvi
sahib ki rah
He began
attention
to
VOCABULARY.
^jijf
'arz
karnd,
t.
v. t.
v.
or gen. fern).
i
}
namdz parhnd,
69
shuru* karna,
v.
t.
to
g.aur karna,
v.
t.
to think
begin (with
ace.),
upon (with
par) meditate.
GU
minnat karnd,
v.
sundi dend,
int.
dikhdi dend,
int.
to appear,
bhdg jdnd,
v. int. to
t.
to
beseech
entreat,
(with se.}
show
itself.
run away.
ktich karnd,
v. t.
darydft karnd,
v. t.
to
ascertain
(with
ace.).
UU.
tashrif lej'dnd,
tashrif
le
and,
v. int. to
go away,
come,
v. int. to
tashrvf rakhnd,
v. t.
to
baydn karnd,
v.
to explain,
t.
sit.
to
state
(with ace.).
be busy in (with
men).
mashgiU hondt
v. int. to
rnan'a karnd,
v. t.
ddkhil hond,
v. int. to
rdh dekhnd,
v.
to
t.
(with gen.
jhuth bolnd,
kaldm,
n.
m.
dwdz,
n.
f.
khaufndk,
adj.
fidwi,
n.
m.
fern.).
word, saying,
voice, sound,
terrible, awful,
devoted servant.
Note.
Tashrif is an Arabic factitive form, meaning
In polite language it is often used,
honour-conferring
as " please deposit your honour-conferring (presence)
" sit down
please."
tashrif rakhiye for
"=
70
LESSON
DIRECT NARRATION.
XXII.
PREPOSITIONS OR POSTPOSITIONS.
2.
is
in
masculine
are feminine,
^-^>
as,
j,
Oj^=
j^ , ghar kitaraf, in the direction of the house.
These are called postpositions, as, with few exceptions.
they follow the nouns they govern.
EXERCISE.
1'
^
,
K-U
L- ijvJ
'
*>
<nJ>
-7*
us naukar
4L ^*$**
J \Jft
77
7
i
5U ^Ul^
2. <^-ri
3.
xl
_-tx*
A^
^ ^~ J^i*l
1
ty^ri
14=6
se
larkon
ke
khdnd
lejdo.
kaho
'77.T
kucnh,
ki
pas
kahd ki mere
pas qalam dawdt nahm.
^(^1
usne ustdd
V_.-NA.L
sahib ne
se
farmdyd
ki
mere
nazdik baithiye.
4.
^^
*j
*^
rjf*
^^
L/*' ws 'aurat
^U *-&*
.
71
t^A.
<L.
hukm do ki
chulhe ke upar degchi
rakkho.
naukar ko
8.
&
* j
7.
*$
blJo
10.
\*)^
*j
'__^ L. <L-^
^^1
i^ju]
^ J )? <*-?
j4* \-Z~j
j&k
j* y
9.
^*> ^_
i/-' *^j^
ghar ke bhttar
f^y (-^J!
$ ^' 2-
.^
y
'
barhai ko hukm do ki is
almdri ke muwdfiq dusri
bando.
sole hain.
& y* *~
11. *-^-^*J
^^
-''^
main ne dp
ba
mujib
ke kahne ke
usko dp
hukm sundyd
led
hai.
12.
.JI.J
'
'
<_
lii'fcfi
14.
f*
t&
crk/*
A*3t.^
^^r*
-J-
<
^i'r 6
J'
^5c^l
jlxt
<st_l
u^-^ ,c^
i'zzat mere
'i
^
oaraoar hai.
***&*
-L
i'zzat
ke
'
72
16. i_
fijMt
>*
iS
ly
,xJ
*
16.
T*^
*'
Translate into
I
1.
<-
'**"
Urdu
r\
is
Lum
ma cl^
it
hot^.
me
is
nothing
etc.).
Conformably
to
VOCABULARY.
<_rb
ke pas,
-,
. ,
}
t-
tL
ke nazdik,
postp. near
to,
adjoining.
ke sdmne,
ke upar,
over.
ke bag.airy
without, lacking.
ke 6'ad
after.
ke
without, outside.
Mhar,
73
ke bhitar,
postp.
ke andar,
ke muwdfiq,
ke ba-mujib,
ke bardbar,
ke sath,
ke laiq,
ke barkhilaf,
ke siwd,
UUy,
daw at,
n.
farmdnd,
v. t.
f.
khard hond,
v. int.
ch-ulha,
n.
m.
degchi,
n.
f.
khidmatydr, n. m.
biclihand,
74
LESSON
THE
1.
the
JL
cs" C5*^
THE PARTICLE
PASSIVE.
The Passive
to
Perfect
v^j
XXIII.
OF SIMILITUDE.
^^
is
Participle
the
of
jand,
verb, as
principal
Urdu.
2. The
particle t~>, sd, which is, like the genitive sign tf,
kd, inflected to agree with the governing noun, signifies
It also signifies degree.
The two
likeness, similitude.
uses may be thus illustrated
:
Similitude
(a)
^ ^ <)&,
0)j*>
ghore
si surat,
man.
*"
**f l~ M,
kdld sd
of quality
blackish or very black dog.
(6)
Degree
(c)
Degree
kuttd,
_)y$
*^>, baliut se
quantity
" a
The
of
horses."
number
goodish
ghore,
adjectives and pronominals of manner as
jaisd, are formed with this particle.
of
EXERCISE.
^
.j
hal 6ahut
si bdten
Jcahi
gan
2.
3.
tif
JtjJ
U^ljt
jJt?
<e~
<)x> L-
^^ *J
fy fahul sigden
$% uJol
eh
kdld sd bail
duhigdin.
mdrd gayd.
75
J
*
*
2/t'A
&ia& guzre
/
sal
men
qa^.
5.
oj*
'*
6.
7. lUJt*
8.
9.
1^3
- .c;^
v?y-/
,1
,--
jj
J^ /'
**
^r*^ <^)
w-s^re
J i<x'^^
j))j1
Uf b^ ^_C1^
*Xb
y^/
>^
v^^j
f-l
-.
<^_
.^j U*jj=.
^3
^^^
*j
WM ^
^m
dalki
10. ^_^
c--;li^
<_ Lyj
^aw
**
^JjO
11.
-r>l
,<'
^Ai
it
s.
l_^
I^J
^1.
^3
U
1 2.
cJ^*y'J
v^^.*,,
<
((
nahm
tar ah
kindre
ki tarafbhdg gayehain.
__J^J3
j^ ^) un men
se
tin
ddmi
ab
<^
ke
^* ^a^a/i
jdnwar ki
*-
^
13.
uski
^ixi^
"^
^ ^^
ii^^
darmiydn
Zara
*i
hut
bari
si
thi.
khidmatgdr bdwarchi ki
madad kar rahd hai.
76
15. K iCjJ^
vj^Jjjj
*
16.
US
Lxf
AJ
</
>jj^*
<
-**
'*>' behral
v'"'
7
sab
chddar
tah
Araro.
Urdu
Translate into
jungle.
VOCABULARY.
Ij^
JUxt
imsdl,
n.
m.
sal,
n.
m.
(P.) year.
fair.
adj.
gord
as
with
etc.
of
(Used
ddmt,
ellipsis
,
iti
shddi,
n. f
auldd,
n.-f.
suluk,
n.
= European.)
wedding
festivities,
wed-
ding.
balki,
m.
conj.
descendants, children.
treatment
(esp. kindly).
77
m.
kinara,
n.
dart/a,
n.
m.
munshi,
n.
m.
pulis,
n.
m.
lafdi,
n.
f.
fighting, quarrelling,
madad,
n.
f.
help, assistance.
behra,
n.
m.
" bearer."
m.
case, suit.
Urdu).
4**,
police.
muqaddamaj
n.
&*
mdnind,
&*'
tarah,
k'i
taraf,
ke darmiydn,
kri m'arifat,
by means
,,
or skill
of.
by means
ki ba daulat,
of,
of.
by the art
of,
by the kind
offices of.
suluk Jcarnd,
v.
t.
to behave,
well.
tah karnd,
v.
t.
do.
esp.
to
treat
to fold, to straighten.
LESSON XXIV.
CONJUNCTIONS.
Copulative.
and 3V
;V,
aur,
niz 3 also.
and; ^&,
bhi,
bht also; j,
via,
78
2. Adversative.
c^>
lekin,
but
j>,
par, but
*Q,
balki,
j^, magar,
except, unless
but,
but.
4.
Disjunctive.
or ;
--
stji.
yd to
khwdh khwdh,
or;
yd,
Vi,
^>L>,
---ulyLj
^ ^
^-, par,
either
yd,
whether
kyd whether
kyd
Conditional,
5.
<^, warna,
Concessive.
6.
if
^,
jo,
>> c^f>
if,
nahin
to,
although
**/', agarchi*
&\
hdl-
*-,
7.
chunki, whereas,
much
8. Illative,
since
*&
;
<_rJ 3',
^j^-,
az~bas-ki,
inas-
as.
y,
then
to,
&<*
therefore
^J,
again, then,
p/iir,
therefore.
9. Final.
aisd
(may
it
**, ki,
else
that
1
^^
*>
b **, mabddd,
Ul,
lest
not be).
EXERCISE.
1.
u-s^O
^
**
<i-^5;
-^X
X
Vr^^'b
^ Tl/ho
dhup
79
3. ,it
U
,xJ
-
(J
Uf-^ujb
-
j^J-d .o)
^
M7>
.
...
jT
A>
AXL
JJ
5. li&
<-
t^
7.
^Ce jb
^J^e
U^XJ
^_ <LJ
Jol
.*-}
<wJj
J t^|
^J
1;^*
Jed
lefcin
mar
bap
f
man JIM
hai.
wa am khdiingd na seb
khaungd balki angur
w
/ likhnd
S2?
balki likh-
r--f
ws
rg
larke ne apm
bahin ko mdra to hai
y^
0^1 'H^
LiU-
larkon
-
gay a
khdvngd.
&i
^^
->
chot
na lagi
hai.
8.
&Jb
,*$
9. *-Xb
.j
laj/ U$
"
v^iJLj
U$
.^
'1*4^
,<
-
^
^
^
10.
,// y
.jyi
iai.
<2_jUjo
13. Ifcjjjsu ^
7
JjOl
'
t_J
.j
^2/^ ^urs*
.^ gharpar
se utaro,
nahm
to giroge.
12.
jJ")
<.
^g|
Kj
Kj
^-J^
,L. 1-5?
^O*" ')
*-
^T-.
,
'
)*^-
huzur
is
khatt ko muldhiza
warna
natija
Woj^.
>
*-
cMnki dp ne sarfonahw
parhi hai
TT J
Urdu
'men
is waste dp
'T.manir
ham.
r.
'
80
14. <-
if
<u3j.x$
JL
(jl
.iyi
Sj
HJwTi,
nahm dydhai
kyiinki
15.
IA^*U
_ft)
16. <^- IP
^r-ela*.
J..J
{J^
'
>J
^~~
.*)
\^^
8.
*
-x^
x^| JO*
j^L. KAU")
wsAra
'
17.
Translate into
1.
Urdu
chair.
not cut the bread now, but cut it when the guests
3. Whether a fowl or meat is cooked, let it be
arrive.
well cooked. 4. Whether the dhobi is washing or
whether he is ironing yet he is not fit for work (doing
5. He brought from Delhi mangoes, apples and
labour).
we all sat and ate them up. 6. The horse has
so
grapes,
7. Dismount
(indeed) fallen down but he is not hurt.
from that horse or he will throw you down. 8. The
gentleman read the letter because (it) was (an) important
be
9. Learn your arithmetic
lest the result
matter.
have
ordered
I
10.
Although
unpleasant (not good).
(gave order of) dinner to-day yet I shall not be able to
11. You should not only learn to read and write
eat it.
Urdu but should also study (the) grammar. 12. Because
he was proficient in Persian many men wished to read his
books.
13. We came to Delhi yesterday in order that
we might be present at (in^ your Honour's wedding.
14. His wife died last year, but his mother is living.
15. The sky is clear therefore there is (a) good light.
16. Perhaps the man is ill, but yet he ought to be careful.
2.
Do
81
VOCABULARY.
roshni,
n. f.
light.
dhup,
n.
sunshine.
dr,
n. f .
n.
m.
angiir,
n.
m.
f.
shelter.
apple.
grape.
burd,
adj.
bad.
chot,
n.
f.
hurt,
Iddnd,
v.
t.
to load.
muldhaza karna,
v.
m.
t.
wound, blow.
(with ace.), to
look at.
natija,
n.
hdzir hond,
inspect,
issue, result.
int., to
be present.
be proficient, skilled
in.
dard,
n.
m.
b'lwi or bibi,
n.
f.
guzar j'dnd,
v. int., to
sdrd,
adj.
pain.
lady, wife.
LESSON XXV.
THE PERFECT AND IMPERFECT
PARTICIPLES.
82
Subject
(1)
>
1.
U>i
*?
wuh ddmi
rahd
J/ (->
2.
<>*<'
J$ti
-JaA. *Jfc
ham
hai.
likhte
khatt
likhte
3. czJj&
^ ^/ ^
gh-ar
men
hai.
Object
(2.)
5.
1^5
iUt
6.
*j
9e -.$jlb
ji
4L ^
^j>
L.
*ijjj; *i
^y^^
^
Adverbially,
principal verb.
-pare
qualifying the
action,
is
used.
etc.,
of
the
8.
c=;*j&>
9. <^>b
<J^iUi
.i/o
j^i
A$jL.
batch ft karte
*^~ty c^jb
11.
12.
.x&
aJfyfc
j^^*
,iv G
'*
Llf
u lj^jJ
-v
raha thd.
wuh
kapre
pahinte hue
f
f
Z '7
oahar ay a.
larkiy an gate gate sitihain.
c^aZ^e
cAa^e
Vi
Ufl^j^^ L
lyfc
tcjj.j
pakrd gayd
2_
Jo
*~ *
Ljj ^"^Jfc
<*-
sdth
^o pahunchenge.
,,.
13. Uf IjO
Xj
/ J^"> ^%-
fee
hue gosht
tistf
lit;
<i-lf
Jcdt
v^^J^
eL-^>
lJ
10. bl 'JtU
liye
<LJt
'
i->!
rai fco^e
hai.
7i/
2 '7 ' 7
"f
nat.
15, ^A>
III.
J^\i
C
r*^ CH^ XJ
irf^
uw ^
'aurai
ghar men
pahunchte hi rone laqL
^yt
^jlf
^y^
*3
^T
<i-y* fotehuekuttekomatjaguo.
v_5^
chalii
hui
gad
ke age
na
IV.
18.
As a
substantive.
&- ^^
%
.jK I;L/
' '
Xxj
^^
ij.J
"'
^w^e // ko
7
tinke kd sahdrd
84
19.
^1^*. t^jU
c-Sjb ^L-
girte
kdm
hai.
wen yre
dend
tasallt
Tiwon
ko
nihayat
Urdu
The boy was writing seated. 2. The travellers while
moving along were looking at Agra. 3. The cloth merchant, telling lies, was selling clothes. 4. The thief
5. The
(while) abusing the police was being punished.
Translate into
1.
He
10.
(a) letter.
began to speak (while) washing his face.
11. Continuing to read (double the participle) you will be-
come
12.
proficient in Persian.
13. The
ill
(in illness).
VOCABULARY.
UU.
u3,
***$
Ji
thakjdnd,
v. int. to
gend khelnd,
v.
dil dahldnd,
v. t.
t.
get tired.
to play ball.
to
amuse oneself.
taiydr
adj.
prepared, ready.
85
v.
dhond,
UJL
to wash.
t.
pahunchnd,
v. int. to arrive.
batti,
n.
f.
bdlnd,
v.
t.
wick, lamp.
to light (a lamp).
dubnd,
v. int. to sink,
sahard,
n.
m.
aid,
drown.
support,
re-
liance.
khardd,
adj.
n.
dukh,
b J>
or
<
m.
bad,
evil,
sorrow, pain.
to comfort, cheer.
'umda,
excellent, good.
adj.
v.
t.
to converse.
v.
t.
to sing,
gdnd,
adj.
exceedingly.
&
adv.
sufficient.
LESSON XXVI.
ADVERBS, AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES.
to-day.
kal,
yesterday or to-morrow.
86
parson,
tarson,
narson,
pahile,
qabl,
87
2.
Some adverbs
Manner.
as adverbs of
manner
zarur,
job,
necessarily, certainly.
albatta,
decidedly.
bilkull,
altogether, totally.
zor
vigorously.
se,
Ithub,
well.
tez,
swiftly.
judd,
**
of time
(see above).
separately.
dhire,
gently.
thik
exactly.
se,
muft,
gratuitously.
befaida,
vainly, uselessly.
nihdijat,
exceedingly.
tanhd,
7
)
>
alee la,
alone.
bard,
saf,
clearly.
bahut,
very.
3.
Place.
See Pronominals and Postpositions. Most
postpositions of place can be used as adverbs by being
constructed absolutely, i.e., without the genitive sign, as
4.
Miscellaneous
hdn,
yes.
nahm,
no.
na,
no.
88
mat,
not,
" dont." l
y'ani,
that
is
to say, viz.
sirf,
>
only.
faqat,
EXERCISE.
1.
-x*>
_.-
Jlfc
<^_^
Jiy* mehtar
kaho
se
ki
Ml
kanire
ho hukm
diya hai ki Jchdne ke
tumne
ki
yd nahin.
we bahut
sawere char sdhlbon ke
Zi'ye taiyar ki hai.
6.
<_ LJ *X- b
,U
Tie
fear
hai,
diya
bar hukm
har roz
ki
akhbdr
7.
j^>
J^
L J
L$
^_
^^AL-o sahib
ne
maffar
Ido.
kahd to kahd
main ne abtak
iiahin xund.
1 Used
colloquially in Urdu with the 2. s. and pi. imp. in forbidding
an action to be done at or near the time of speaking. Continuous
prohibition is expressed by the Infinitive wittrria, as chor{'f na karnd =
do not steal, never steal. Chor{ mat kuro would-be said to a person on
j
al
se
dore par
ob L9.
&
j^o
-w-s-^c?
^
<-
10.
parhdunyd.
with hamesha sack
'
boltd
riai.
11.
AJ
A$
j^
L^
te
J_
kai
'
12. u^*
-.}
K-ji
to >*.>
(v
-x*
nahm
C^
^j"^.
harungd.
baras tak
apni man
U^ )4..<,
se
larka
yih
judd rahd
thd.
j
ap
yahdn
log
tak
Jcab
tashrif rakhenge ?
14.
15.
^L*
.jiU.
_^si^
c_^tj
^^
^jJuW
45.^x4)
j ^^xi
U.
16.
*$
j&>
&J
Uol j^
fi
*j
<SL
a>
^ (^5^^
T/i/i
ham
kitdben
w^7^'
turn
ho
dhire,
Jcyun
.se
Jco
muft
^w.
c/iaZ^e
c_Xj^J /MA;
-
17-
AJ
ho
jald
dhire
do.
kam
Jfi
Jcaro, aisa na
turnhdri mihnat
<^-j^^*
*e
kabhi kabhi
owr kabhi kabhi
i hai taubhi wuh
90
19. <-Ui*.
*ar6ar
wU
ILI
apa'
gf/iar
rakhti hai.
jjo L^-olyi
'j>^ ^
V^
^ ghord
^ chaltd
nihdyat tez
hai.
20. <2-
t>,
^,5 r>\r>j$
Translate into
.c^T
*&>
Urdu
*j
6. Ho\v
you to do your work properly ?
7. He came and bothered me every day.
8. She is always
9. I have told you again and again to polish
sleeping.
my shoes vigorously and make them shine well. 10. The
long shall
I,
in vain, tell
--
VOCABULARY.
j+
X^
>1
lA
,
hdl kamra,
jhdrti,
n.
m.
drawing-room.
n.
m.
broom.
91
jhdru dend,
mihtdr,
yy*
The word is a title
,
v.
t.
n.
m.
to sweep,
sweeper.
of honour, applied as a
broom."
euphemism
92
15.
pandrah.
45.
soldh.
46
sattrdh.
47.
16.
17.
18.
athdra.
19.
20.
paint dlis.
saintalis.
48.
fartdlis.
49.
unchds.
50.
bis.
tr;
pachas.
ikdwdn.
"21.
51.
-22.
52.
ltdican.
53.
tir-pan.
53.
teis.
24.
>
25.
26.
chaubfo.
>
^-
27.
pachis.
55.
chhabbis.
56.
satdts.
57.
58.
28.
29.
untis.
chauwan.
54.
30.
chhappan.
satdwan.
59.
pachpan.
athdican.
,
unsath.
60.
31.
61.
iksath.
32.
62.
bdsath.
33.
63.
tirsath.
64.
34.
35.
paint is.
36.
chauntts.
chhattitt.
66.
saintis.
67.
37.
38.
,
42.
chdlis.
>
41.
c/rf^Z/s.
untdlis.
baydlis.
69.
.,
chhiydsath.
arsath.
unhattar.
'
70.
71.
72.
43.
^3 ,
tentdlis.
73.
44.
chaudlis.
74.
chaunsath.
painsath.
68.
39.
40.
65.
>
ikhattar.
bahattar.
tihattar.
,
chauhattar.
93
75.
88.
76.
pachhattar.
chhahattar.
77.
sathaftar.
90.
athattar.
91.
78.
79.
unasi.
80.
ossi.
89.
{^
82.
biydsL
83.
tirdsi.
96.
84.
chaurasL
85.
pachdsl.
86.
87.
bdnwe.
tirdnwe.
J'j >*
chaurdnwe.
*-
chhiydnawe.
satandwe.
97.
98.
100.
satdsi.
lJ pachdnawe.
athdnawe.
nindnawe.
99.
chhiyasi.
eMnwe.
il^t ,
93.
95.
naudsi.
nawwe.
94.
,
,
92.
ikds'i.
81. 45**^
athdsL
f,
saw.
The ordinals
or
\r, pahild
third,
u'>*H^-j
;!>*,
ji>j>,
The following
*-,
-",
;5,
chauthd, a fourth.
ftawa,
der/i,
two and a
,
a quarter
less, as,
panne
do, If.
^M/
half.
when added
gnnd, two-fold.
to a
as do
94
EXERCISE.
^ ^1 <_ jt
/iam
15
?ie
&e
liye
derh
U3. *x>
o i,lsx>
v^^N*^*
.^
..l
wW qimat pachas
rupaye
hai.
^^-
4.
-5.
^
^^
jt*u
^"
At*.
*
,x*
6.
<
.J
AJt^>5
U.JJ y'jl
^ ser
do
chdical,
*
ser
natnak
chdhiye.
J ^BU
jJ
^''i
^-^ &&jj>5
wufe
,_jo?
^/
7.
&a;'e
ko diye.
pdnch
nthenge.
9.
Ki*?t
10. J**
L.
*>!;
i_^3 ,yj
^J x^
^t^T v^^Le
TH/I do
srf^i6
ddhi
rat
ke
qall
do
man
tashrrfldenge.
11. LA.
>>
jJ
fituu'j
^-
J*4^ ghore
ke
waste
chand manqdo.
12.
tf&i^^
**J
24
.&
*&
ham
tin
baje
ke
b'ad
jdenge.
J^
do pipe
tel
ko bhejo.
hdmdre ghar
95
15.
A$a^
cJJ
^ y*
Ki.,$ u-JU/t
16.
(j^**
AAI) <^:
*)^.
.yo
Translate into
1.
Urdu
nahm
karunga.
Order a dozen
and six handkermy night suits and
Give me a ser and a half
2.
4.
of a ser of salt.
5.
Buy
four
maunds
of
that lazy
go
to his
gram
man did
not
house the
wake
first
till
eight o'clock.
time, but after that he
to me.
VOCABULARY.
tff>
botam,
n.
m.
button.
ghi,
n.
m.
clarified butter.
16. I will
must come
90
m.
namak,
n.
bajd, baje,
p. part, adverbially
to strike
salt.
used of bajnd
o'clock.
n. m. noon.
Pahar means a watch of 3 hours, noon
2nd watch of the day and midnight
do pahar,
is
night.
adhi
liKU
rdt,
lit.
man,
n.
m.
40
dafd,
n.
m.
time, turn.
chand,
n.
m.
sers.
mangdnd,
v. t.
to order.
chutthi,
n.
f.
ptpd,
n.
m.
tin, barrel.
" darzan"
n.
m.
a dozen.
kdlar,
n.
m.
collar.
galadand,
n. m.
rumdl,
n.
m. handkerchief.
n.
m.
JOT a,
necktie.
moza,
n.
m.
sock, stocking.
banyan,
n.
m.
undervest.
"
n. f .(?) waistcoat.
wdskit,"
"
patlun"
kamarband,
mudf
karnd,
n.
m. pantaloons, trousers.
m. sash.
v.
t.
n.
to forgive.
the
of the
97
LESSON XXVIII.
PRESUMPTIVE AND CONDITIONAL FORMS.
We
3.
I3f
^l
>
jjj
wuh
fry*,
4.
fejjfc
wuh dyd
5.
wuh
tij*,
6.
-'
did hotd,
No.
1.
see
him
No.
2.
No.
3.
are ignorant.
"
come, therefore) he will be
on the way here," so we may expect to see
(Mohan promised
him
to-night.
to
98
No.
4.
No.
5.
No.
6.
"Had Mohan
He had
not arrived so
we
EXERCISE.
1.
..3
>
..&
I3lj
bdwarchi
Jchdnd
pakdtd ho, to ham dth
baje khdne pdenge.
lil$$
f.
H
y& b3
2. *&
3.
4.
^j
Lj
'
5.
^
J
..$
lj^v*^
jfii ?*
jb*
**'
-y^
Jy ^_
men
<j*>
jJ
u-^Jt*
J^t*o
iX>t~
A;o
lift.jy
to
ho,
Jb J^&vJ <-
v' a6
}!!/
/iw/cm
^'a
8.
*ioJ
"
J*
^>
U>- - If .A
X
tfb
UL^
^f
Uf
'
masjid
se
*y*>
t-jL)
Tio.
ko duhta
9W?1" 9
hogd jd/far dekho K%
a milde.
sahib
5'
lion.
S\^ tumhdrd
f
777bdp
IjU^J
khdtd hog^
ja dekho.
SLJ
,
]
sundi
dett.
99
9.
\3
*J
b
11.
^^
L.
Ajytb
v_$^ ^
^>*
b
10.
4>> /I
%sxi^ ) ^7""
l-yfc
^f
is
._sy>
yy
I^xj
to
mdrdjdtd.
^ftxj
5^ z
naukar
bax
behra,
bdz bawarchi
mehtar,
O
1Z.
1
**
~*t
^l
>lC
^^
'
v^^^r
^^-so
k"
13.
**"
**?&>
to
honge.
^ar'
t/"^ S^s
cJ!/^
"
gdU di
wuh ndhin
larke ne
na hoti
U& hS
^^AJ
X,
t/
A.
14. ^1 ^J
jfib
9^
Tr
15.
16.
j,
*-)}*$-
"
^J^J
->
J-
.1
'
_jJKi
8 ** c
v^L
~J*
^^J U,Cv^
,
ix
b^ r
t^*
-r^"
17
*$"* Jr \J"^
''
s$
.
.H*
X^
ko kuchh sdbun do
aur us ko tdkid karke
kaho ki phir apnd kam
adhurd na chhoro.
L.^^^ dhobi
*^s^
^L"
^1.
mumkin ndhin
"
bdt.
**-
*i
H waiw- ay se jhuth
6 gde ko bdyh
cb
to
U"^*
~
J,4=7T -
*-_
nahin
'aldwa
se nikdlo
wuh ghds
ke
chhoti
chhofi
chijiydn
J,*^
-7'
7
j^ /
7
sarak, par dana chug
rahthain.
18.
<S-
e^;^
Liy$ 6\.jT
dp
100
hoshydri he sdih likhnd
icojib hai.
"^'
Translate into
Urdu
ri'*
my
my
VOCABULARY.
,
darydft karnd,
v. t.
to ascertain.
kahldna,
v. int. to
tnildnd,
v.
t.
be called.
to mix.
101
|5.>t
.^'(^
fe'az,
indef. adj.
andd,
n. m.
egg.
kdfif
adj.
enough,
taktd karnd, v.
adhiird,
t.
adj.
sufficient.
to insist.
half
done,
half
and
half.
mumkin,
adj.
ke 'aldwa,
v^fj
^J*
o*^
v'-
5'
)
possible.
to dust
a room.
charnd,
v. int. to graze.
chiignd,
v. t.
safak,
n.
f.
ddnd,
n.
m. grain.
to pick
beak, to peck.
roadway, road.
durust,
adj.
straight, correct.
hoshiydri,
n.
carefulness, vigilance,
u'djiby
adj.
f.
fitting, proper.
to
make a parting
tation.
salu-
102
103
<JjJ,
Infinitive,
UfjJ
1;*
Imperfect
^ji
Perfect
*M
of
bolnd.
j&jt
Conjunctive Participle,
Noun
bol.
,
Agency,
bolke, bolkar.
boltd.
bold.
&>.
bolnewdld.
Sffj
eL;*.
&Jj*
sing.).
'bole.
bolo.
y*. ,
bolegd.
l*-|y
Present Imperfect,
Past Imperfect,
^J
Present Dubious,
3*
^>
boltd hai.
boltd thd.
l*Jy
'^
,,
Presumptive,
Past Conditional or Optative,
2nd form,
boltd.
^j>
li
boltd ho.
*^J
boltd hogd.
^ W#
boltd hotd.
Remote
or Past Perfect,
Past Dubious,
Past Presumptive,
Past Conditional or Optative,
3rd form,
Jfy
sing.).
sing.).
bold.
3I>>
bold hai.
*> V>J
bold thd.
>fc U^j
bold ho.
lf>* ^jj
IJ>A i^j
bold hogd.
bold hotd.
104
VOCABULARY.
URDU
Adj., Adjective
n.
f.,
Verb Transitive
v'
adv.,
Noun Feminine;
;
c*-t
yf ,
abhi,
n. m..
Verb
;
Noun Masculine
Intransitive; v.
t.,
pron., Pronoun.
now.
to
now,
just now.
up
yet, hitherto.
dp,
itnd,
UJf
int.,
adv.
& tak,
Adverb
v.
postp., Postposition
ab>
L>'
ENGLISH.
is
self."
105
<_rl
'*',
formative of yih.
wuh.
us,
4,j*i,
V^~l
asbdk.
n.
m.
luggage, furni-
effects,
ture.
*l**t
ty^-l
4__A~'
v^-l
<_r>-*f
^1
_^f
**-y
j*l
^L,
M
^y'
**^t,
v?;^'
f',
J
^5
L~ X5
'
'
ustdd,
n.
m.
ustdni,
n.
f.
istri,
n. f .
dsmdn,
n.
m.
afsos,
n.
m.
teacher.
teacher (female).
iron, (polishing),
sky, heaven.
sorrow^ alas
alone.
akeld,
adj.
agar,
conj.
if.
agarchi,
conj.
although, even
-Agra,
s.
m.
agfe,
adv.
albatta,
adv.
if.
Agra.
before, in front of.
certainly, indeed.
aZa^,
adj.
almari,
n.
f.
am,
n.
m. mango.
press, cupboard,
case, wardrobe.
imsdl,
adv.
and,
v. int., to
this year.
come.
m. grain.
gM'
a?i<y',
n.
3**t
andar,
andd,
n.
jUai>i
intizdr Jcarnd, v.
'^'
Ujf
^y&l
jlj'
^5'
>
j'i)'
>
m.
t.
egg.
to expect.
angur,
n.
m.
a?^z,
n.
f.
^par,
and,
conj.
auzdr,
n.
book-
m.
grape.
voice, sound.
and
weapons.
pi.),
tools.
106
n.
auldd,
aisd,
f.
children, offspring.
and
adj.
e,
adv.,
so,
this
thus,
way.
aisd na ho ki, so that
***,
not be that
may
lest.
one.
ek,
bap,
n.
m.
father.
bdt,
n.
f.
to converse.
t.,
adv.
bar bar,
bar yd,
UJU
it
n.
f.
gunpowder,
twelve,
bdrah,
adj.
bag.,
n.
bilkull,
adv.
altogether, entirely.
ddlna,
v.
to
m.
garden,
t.
(candle
light,
or
lamp).
bdndhnd,
v.
t.
to bind, fasten,
bans,
n.
m.
bamboo,
m.
cook,
bdwarchi,
n.
bdhar,
adv.
batdnd
bat a dend,
battt,
n.
f.
bachchd,
n.
m.
child, infant,
bichhauna,
n.
m.
bed, bedclothes.
outside.
~)
t.
>
ba-daulat
(let
postp.,
to
by means
of,
bura,
adj.
bardbar,
adv.
barkhilaf
(ke)
bad,
baby,
of,
prestige
evil,
favour
of.
wicked,
equally, regularly.
adv. and postp., against, contrary, opposite to.
107
bard,
adj.
and adv.,
very.
1*
baihai,
n.
m.
carpenter.
bazzdz,
n.
m.
b'ad,
I)'
adj.
az,
some, a few.
m.
Bagdad,
n.
bagair,
postp. without.
buldnd,
v. t.
to call.
buld lend,
v. t.
to call up.
balki,
adv.
bandnd,
v. t.
to
v.
t.
n.
f.
gun.
Bagdad.
and
but rather,,
moreover, on the con-
conj., but,
trary.
band karnd,
bandit q,
bannd,
v. int.,
make, cause
to be
to
make.
made, to become^
baniya,
n. m.,
shopkeeper, grain-seller.
banyan,
n. m.,
singlet, vest.
5otdm,
n. m.,
bfy'h,
n. m.,
load, burden.
bolnd,
v. int., to utter
bond,
v. t.
to sow.
bhdt,
n. m.,
(boiled) rice.
bhart,
adj.
heavy,
bhdgnd,
v. int.,
to flee, escape.
sound, speak.
weighty,
im-
portant.
bhdgjdnd,
v. int.,
to flee
bhai,
n. m.,
brother.
bahut,
adj.
and
adv.,
away, escape.
much, many.
108
k>->,
bhar,
adv.
behra,
n.
bharosd,
n.
m.
reliance, trust.
bharnd,
v.
t.
to
m.
fully,
whole.
(English) bearer.
fill,
with
thing
filled
of
se,
which
ddhin,
n.
bhukhd,
adj.
hungry.
bhi,
conj.
also,
f.
men, of
or, with
thing with
;
filled.
sister.
and,
too,
even,
with.
bhztar,
adv.
bhejnd,
v. t.
to send,
bhikh mdngnd,
v. t.
to beg.
bayan karnd,
v.
t.
within, inside,
beta,
n.
m.
son.
beti,
n.
f.
daughter.
bait And,
v. int. to sit.
baith jdnd,
v. int., to sit
n.
m.
down, be seated.
seed.
be-chdrd,
adj.
bechnd,
v.
to
bis,
adj.
twenty, a score.
in vain.
t.
sell.
be-fdida,
adv.
bail)
n.
m. ox, bullock.
bimdr,
n.
m. and adj.,
sick
man,
patient, sick,
n.
par,
lady, wife,
postp. and adv., across,
pds,
adj.
biwi,
pdnd,
f.
v. t.
with.
109
pdnsh,
*>
.A,
110
pahunchdnd,
pahunchnd,
v. t.
to arrive, reach,
to clothe with, dress,
flower,
to throw,
to
throw away.
canister,
barrel,
(Eng.
pipe).
.
SN,
and
cup.
pice, money.
Peshawar.
yellow.
to drink.
,
to drink up.
to drink,
drink."
to insist, enjoin,
nevertheless,
still.
in order that,
then.
trade, commerce,
formative of 3,
tu.
expedient, plan,
to arrange, contrive,
scales.
three
days
hence.
ago,
vegetables, curry.
or
Ill
tashrtf
le
lejand, v.
tasalli dend,
tak,
htm,
tumhdrd,
tumhen,
tang hdl,
tanhd,
v.
int.,
t.
to depart.
to comfort, cheer.
112
vjjla*
jamcar,
113
chiriya,
n.
chugnd,
v.
bird.
f.
to
t.
to
peck,
feed
(as
birds).
5-
or
move, drive,
v. t.
chalnd,
v. int., to
move, to go along,
chale jdnd,
v. int., to
go away.
chamach or chamcha,
chamakna,
**,
to cause to
chaldnd,
n. m., spoon,
chdna,
n.
m.
chot,
n.
f.
"gram," chickpea,
hurt, wound,
chulhd,
n.
m.
fireplace, stove,
chundnchi,
adv.
chunki,
conj.
so that, so.
and
adv.,
inasmuch
as,
since.
chhutti,
n.
f.
freedom,
leave,
relief,
holiday,
chhuri,
n.
f.
knife.
chJiarrd,
n.
m.
cHhotd,
adj.
small,
chhornd,
v. t.
to
chhah,
adj.
six.
chfe,
n.
thing.
f.
little.
leave,
sake.
n. f .
kite,
release,
for-
hdzir,
adj.
present.
lidziri,
n.
presence,
attendance,
breakfast.
hdl-dn-Jci,
adv.
hisdb,
n.
huzur,
n.
f.
m.
m.
al-
account, arithmetic.
presence,
"
honour.
"your
114
n.
hukm,
m.
order,
command.
careful, mindful.
khabarddr,
adj.
khidmatgdr,
servant.
JJfyL
wicked.
kbardb,
adj.
bad,
Wsaridnd,
v. t.
to purchase, buy.
Hbatt,
n.
fehwdh
m.
evil,
letter, note.
fcb'ud.
and
or.
good.
*0te
Ub,
khaufndk,
adj.
dam,
n m.
price, cost.
ddtihil hona,
daroga,
n.
m.
ddnd,
n.
m.
dabjdnd,
v. int., to
darakhht,
n.
m.
tree, plant.
dard,
n.
m.
pain.
darzan,
adj.
darzit
n.
durust,
darmiydn
grain.
be crushed.
(Eng.) dozen.
m.
adj.
(ke} }
tailor.
and
adv., straight,
correct.
adv.
and
door.
darwdza,
n.
m.
daryd,
postp.,
within.
level,
between,
n.
f.
durydft karnd
dart,
n.
f.
dushman,
n.
m.
enemy.
dukh,
n.
m.
sorrow.
carpet.
115
&*&
dukhnd,
116
*,!,,
adj.
one and a
half.
adj.
yellow.
rat,
n.
f.
night.
raj mistri,
n.
m.
mason, bricklayer.
rdsta
n.
m.
way, road.
dekhnd
titt
(ki), v. t., to
rakhnd,
v.
t.
rang,
n.
m.
colour, dye.
to dye, colour.
rangdnd,
v. t.
rangrez,
n.
m.
dyer.
roti,
n.
m.
bread.
roz,
n.
m.
day.
roz roz,
adv.
roshni or raiishni, n.
m.
f.,
light.
handkerchief.
rumdl,
n.
rond,
v. int. to cry,
weep.
rahnd,
v. int. to
zubdn,
n.
zamin,
n.
f.
earth, land.
zor,
n.
f.
power, violence
f.
remain, stay.
tongue, language.
se),
2/n,
sd,
n.
m.
adj.
saddle.
and adv.
like,
m.
sdbun,
n.
sat,
adj.
sdth (ke),
postp., with, in
sarhe,
adj.
(with
strongly.
of
similitude-
very
(?)
company
of.
isb,
soap.
seven.
plus a half.
JL
^pLa
^-
year.
sdlan,
m.
meat-curry.
sdnp,
n.
m.
sdis,
n.
m.
sab,
adj.
sipdhi,
n.
<yU*
(ke),
sac/i,
-r-,
^-
m.
n.
<j"^L
^,~
n.
sdmne
_Jl-
v**
sal,
^so j jy*>
snake.
groom,
all,
m.
every.
soldier, constable.
true.
adj.
red.
surkh,
adj.
sir or sar,
n.
m.
head.
sarf-o-nahw,
n.
f.
grammar
(lit.
accidence
and syntax).
j~
-(j-
m.
sarkdr,
n.
sarak,
n. f
sazd,j
n. f .
"
government."
road (the material road
on which one travels),
chief,
,
r
**&~>
j-iTjJ-' ,
punishment.
n.
m.
treatment
(especially
good).
sttZw&
karnd (with
se), v. t.,
to
samjhd dend, v.
t.
behave
to.
to explain thoroughly,
to cause to be understood.
to understand.
samajhnd,
v.
sund't dend,
v. int., to
sundnd,
v. t.
t.
be heard.
to cause to
hear or be
heard.
sunnd,
v.
t.
to hear.
sauddgar,
n.
m.
merchant, shopkeeper.
v.
'.int.
int.
sona,
so-jana,
sawere,
>to sleep.
)
sawd
a (with
r
v.
int.
adj.
A;e),
postp., except.
adj. adv., early,
the
in
early
morning.
n.
m.
se,
seb or sep,
n.
m.
apple.
ser,
n.
m.
a weight (abt.
sikhnd,
v. t.
to learn.
smd,
v.
to sew.
Sahara,
t.
21bs.)
siydh'i,
n. f.
ink, blacking.
shdbdsh,
interj.,
bravo
shdgird,
n.
m.
sham,
n.
m.
evening.
shakhs,
n.
m.
person, individual.
well done
pupil, disciple.
m.
m.
shor-o-gul,
n.
sdhib,
n.
sirf,
adj.
sanduq,
n.
noise
and row.
lord of
(lit.
) gentleman, master.
zarur,
adv.
necessarily, certainly.
zarurat,
n. f .
necessity, need.
tarah,
n.
f.
does
taraff
B. f .
it like
this").
side,
119
v.
'arz
t.
t.,
to report,
state, request.
'izzat,
n.
f.
n.
f.
woman,
tion.
t
aurat,
careless.
adj.
g.arib,
and
adj.
n.
m.,
meek,
poor,
poor man.
karnd (par),
g.aur
Farsi,
v.
t.,
adj. and
to reflect, meditate.
n.
f.,
(m.),
Persian people
Persian 1 a n -
guage
(f.).
fidwi,
n.
m.
devotee, slave.
fardiz,
n.
m.
obli-
gations.
farmdnd,
v. t.
to
command
orifically
(used honof
merely
faqt,
adv.
fauran,
adv.
only, merely.
immediately, at
adv.
quickly.
in the (present)
fasl,
filhdl,
once,
case,
just now.
m.
qd'ida,
n.
qabl
(ke),
primer, alphabet
book.
rule,
qalam,
n.
m.
(? f.)
qamiz,
n.
m.
shirt,
qimat,
n.
f.
price.
pen.
chemise.
120
Kl
121
122
^j
kyd,
what?
why?
kyun,
adv.
n. f.
*^r,
gdUdena,
v.
'*>
gdnd,
</J^>
l
Lr
to
"cheek," ta
abuse in obscene language.
(lit.)
v.
t.
to sing.
m.
gadhd,
)^
ffu,zar jdnd,
v. int., to
>
girdnd,
v.
throw down.
r/
4/ ,
1
'
cart, carriage.
t.
n.
-^jr
to
t.
donkey.
ass,
gird dend,
v. t.
garm,
adj.
hot,
^'rnrf,
v.
to fall.
do.
t.
warm.
4Jir>
gir parnd,
v. int., to fall
>
guldbi,
adj.
>
*?
**
</
adj.
g&rf,
galaband,
n.
m.
gahf
n.
f.
>
ginnd,
v.
t.
>
go,
Sr
firora,
adj.
gosht,
n.
necktie.
a lane.
to count.
conj.
*^
if.
if
and
indeed, although.
fair, a fair man,
n. m..
esp.
****?
>
Jr
i^y
u~*
fP >
<*J*r
%*&
{.SJJ&
<^
S'oZ
mirch,
m.
n. f
down.
rose-colour.
flesh,
European
soldier^
meat.
ghds,
n.
f.
grass, herbage.
ghar,
n.
m.
house.
ghard,
n.
m.
jar, pot.
ghar{}
n.
f.
watch, clock.
ffhord,
n.
m.
horse.
ghor'if
n.
f.
mare.
ffhi,
n.
m.
123
gend,
Kl
13KJ
124
m.
master.
mdlik,
n.
mdhir hond,
v. int. (with
proficient in.
UJU
but
set
m.
mdU,
n.
man,
n. f.
mother.
mdnnd,
v.
t.
to
v.
t.
gardener,
mabddd,
mind, obey,
to ask for.
mdngnd,
mdnind (&*), adv. and
tiUo
Indian scholars I
all
like,
postp.,
bling.
adv.
lest,
adv.
don't.
resem-
that not.
sweets.
mithdv,
n. f
machhl^
n.
m.
fish.
mihnat,
n.
f.
labour, work.
madad,
n.
f.
Madrasa,
n.
m.
school.
mirchd,
n.
m.
red pepper.
mard ,
n.
m.
man
as
(w'r,
male
or
manly).
top*
murda,
adj.
murgiy
n.
f.
marnd,
v. int., to die.
mar j and,
v. int.,
''
do.,
to
go and die."
mazaddr,
adj.
mazdur,
n.
m.
mazduri,
n.
f.
wages, hire.
musdfir,
n.
m.
traveller, stranger.
mistri,
n.
m.
(master-)
tasty.
workman.
'
125
J&i
c^yw ,
masjid,
n. f .
mashgul,
adj.
engaged
in,
mushkil,
adj.
difficult,
hard.
m'arifat
(Arc),
by means
postp.,
agency
muft,
adv.
m'alum hond,
v. int., to
muqaddama,
conj.
magar,
muldhiza karnd, v.
UJ^
by the
of,
of.
m.
n.
busy with.
be known.
case.
t.,
mildnd,
v.
milnd,
v. int., to
t.
meet
with
(with
dat. of person), to
be
obtained.
liLx
mil j'and,
JL,
LiLc
malnd,
mix, meet.
v. int., to
v.
t.
mumkin,
adj.
man,
n.
mundsid,
adj.
munshi,
n.
to rub.
possible.
m.
maund=40
sers.
proper, meet.
writer, teacher (of Urdu
and Persian).
fitting,
m.
man'a karnd,
v.
t.
to forbid, prohibit.
mangdnd,*
v.
t.
to
ask
for,
call
for,
order.
iy
***
minnat karnd
oJ^Oj
munh,
*jy
ty
ol**
(ki), v. t., to
n.
m.
m.
moza,
n.
mu'af karnd,
v. t.
maulvi,
n.
m.
entreat, beseech.
mouth,
face.
sock, stocking.
to forgive.
Mohammadan
doctor
a
person
learned in Arabic.
of
law,
126
muwdfiq
(ke),
adv.
resembling,
according
to.
wez
J**,
*,
*J -
n.
m.
sweeper.
n.
m.
plain.
n. f.
table.
pron.
I.
na,
adv.
no, not.
na-na,
adv.
neither
n.
adv.
narson,
nazdik
(he),
nor.
result.
postp., near.
m.
nuqsdn,
n.
nikalnd,
v. int., to
namdz,
n.
namaz parhnd,
<=**>
m.
f.
v.
t.,
loss.
go
out, issue.
prayer.
to recite or say prayers
namak,
n.
m.
salt.
m.
servant,
naukar,
n.
nihdyat,
adv.
exceedingly,
ndhin,
adv.
no, not;
niche (ke),
niz,
adv.
along with.
wdjid,
adj.
proper, fitting.
was kit f
n.
warna,
adv.
if
wun,
adv.
so.
wuh,
wdhdn,
waisd,
adv.
hath,
n.
Kdzir hond,
v. int., to
m. (Eng.) waistcoat.
m.
not, otherwise.
so, in
it,
that, they.
that manner.
hand.
be present.
127
hdl,
n.
m.
hdl Jcamra,
n.
m.
hdn,
adv.
har,
adj.
and
drawing-room.
yes.
adv., every.
m.
never.
harin,
n.
hazdr,
adj.
hal,
n.
m.
haljotna,
v.
t.
ham,
hamesha,
pron.
adv.
hansnd,
v. int., to
hanoz,
adv.
yet,
hoshydr,
adj.
vigilant, sensible.
hond,
v. int., to
ho j and,
v. int., to
hiin,
v. int., I
haiy
yd,
conj.
or.
conj.
either
ya'ni,
adv.
that
yun,
adv.
thus.
yih,
pron.
adv.
he, she,
Ja
yd
to-yd,
yahdn,
deer, antelope.
thousand.
plough.
to plough.
we.
always.
laugh.
still,
up
to
now.
become, to be.
become.
am.
is
or.
to say.
it,
these.
here.
ENGLISH URDU.
The gender
marked, as
of nouns,
n. m., n.
abuse,
n.
abuse, to
v. t.
f.
f.,
v.
gdU,
gdli dend,
int.
of verbs are
128
n.
accidence,
N.B.
m.
Sarf alone
according
sarf,
is
to,
m.
account,
n.
ache, to,
v. int.
hisdb,
v_>l
A.
^t
dukhnd,
ke a'ldwa or 'ildwa,
addition to (in)
ke ba'd,
after,
s*j
ke pichhe
phir,
again,
jy<>
c-*^! j**
^^
aid, to,
alas
afsos
madad
t.
karnd,
kull,
all,
sab,
alms, to ask, v.
alone,
t.,
(h)
akeld,
&$l
(p)
tanhd,
alphabet-book, n.
although,
m.
agarchi,
qd'ida,
*^j^\
hal-dn-ki,
,,
go U,
altogether, bilkull,
always,
hamesha,
among,
ke darmiydn, cj^j^
kebich,
amuse
and,
and
oneself, v.
aur,
if not,
o,
warna
t.,
^HO
dil bahldnd,
;jl j!
AJJJ
129
animal,
jdmvar,
j^^-
antelope, harin,
appear,
v. int
apple, seb,
k-**"*^**
,seo,
v^: A
hain
are,
&j*
arithmetic,
liisdb,
arrive, v. int
cause
=*
*_>'
phunckn<i, USL^J
v. t.,
to,
pahunck'lna,
pa/itmchdclend,
l
as, juisd,
-i-?-
as mucli as,
jitnd,
ascertain, v.
t.,
ask
(a question),
ask (request),
ass,
assistance, n.
puchhnd,
v.
mdn^nd,
t.,
madnd,
f.,
v. t
assist,
z*
madud karnd,
\*/
^l
dlthir Ao, j^
at once, fauran,
awake,
v. int.,
l**>
gadhd,
at last,
ii^.
\^
awful, khoufnci.c,
i?*-
Bagdad,
ball,
n.
bamboo,
bank (of a
n. rn. bans,
barrel,
n. \n.,pipd,
f.
0emi
U*j
bearer,
n. m.,
because, chun.i,
9
behra,
i\yun,.,i,
t.^
*^->*-
130
*f*k
begin,
v.
(in
bell,
ke or
se,
comp. with
n. m.,
beneath,
pahile,
t.
formative), v.
inf.
yhantd,
ke niche
(H), minnat karnd,
besides,
a'ldwa,
between,
ke bich,
j^*
*&*
ke darmiydn, cJ^;^
dard,
big,
v. t.,
bird,
n. f ., chi iyd,
bite,
v. t., kdtnd,
bdndhnd,
:
bitter,
karwd,
black,
kdln, siydh,
ij}f
blacking, blackness, n.
blow,
book,
IjJ
bind,
bloom
shuru' ,.arnd,
t.,
beseech, v.
\_
(as
n.
a flower),
f.
chot,
W
f.
8'i-
siydhi,
v. int.,
khulnd,
*%^
int.,
^^
lagnd,
131
broken
v.
t.,
pahunchd dend, U
tutjdnd, Ujy
n.
m.
jhd- u,
brother,
n.
m.
bhdi,
build,
v.
t.
banana,
burden,
n.
m.
bqjh,
int.,
mashgul hond,
broom,
busy, to be, v.
but,
le/cin,
butter, n.
button, n.
v.
buy,
tU
\j,^
magar, par,
m. makkhan,
m. botdm,
(*^
<
Jchartdnd, ^^J
t.
cage,
n.
m.
Calcutta,
n.
m.
Kalkatta,
call,
v.
t.
buldnd,
called, to
be (named),
v.
,,
cap,
pinjrd,
n.
f.
fopi,
t.,
-^
kabldnd,
and bring,
carpenter,
n.
m.
carpet
n.
f.
dart,
carriage,
n.
f.
gdrf,
cart,
cartridge,
barlia't,
,,
n.
m.
kartus,
v.
chair,
n. f.
t.
pakarnd,
ti}
/mm,
^M
v. t.,
buld lend,
132
chamber,
n.
m.
larara,
chattels,
n.
m.
mdl
cheer, to,
v.
t.
tasulU dend
chest,
n. m.
sanduq.
m.
sarddr.
n.
chief,
m.
n.
child, infant,
*j>
nsbdb,
bnchcha,
n. in.
clean,
shahr,
j\*>
ou
sdf,
clear,
3>
safdi
clearly,
*e,
\J"&*
(
cha. hnd,
climb, v. int.,
^}^-
cloth,
n.
m.
collar,
n.
m.
ualdband,
colour,
n.
m.
rang,
come,
v. int.,
comfort, to,
command,
to,
commerce,
company
*****
-^;
and,
v.
t.
tasalli dend,
hu*m
hukm
n.
m.
v.
t.
n.
f.
iZ,
complete, yurt
dend,
tijdrut,
ke
(with),
completely,
LH>
a/> d,
satin,
samuchd,
bilkull,
conformably, bamujib,
n. m.
constable,
continually,
bardbar,
contrary, to,
bar khildf,
converse,
v.
to,
t.
j>lj>
J^J
(se) (p)
guftogd karnd,
cook
n.
m.
bdwarchi,
ts^j^^
133
cook, to,
v. t.
pak ma,
cooking pot,
n.
de^chi,
f.
durust,
correct,
count,
v.
t.
crop,
n.
f.
crow,
n.
m.
ginnd,
J*13
foul,
JX
kauwd,
v. int.
cry, weep,
m.
n.
cup,
n.
almdri,
f.
curry (meat), n. m.
n.
vegetable,
cut,
rond, Ijj
5/ -iJ
piydld,
cupboard,
v.
kdtnd,
t.
sdlnn,
f.
tar'cdri,
Uj|
damage,
n.
dibjdnd,
m.
dark-complexioned, kdld,
daughter, n. f. be//, (^^
see
day by day,
}>;
nuqsdn. &k*&
ily.
.*
m.
deer,
n.
liarin,
^y*
Dehli,
p. n.
Dehli,
^A*
delay,
n.
der,
depart,
f.
v. int.,
chalejana, ^*4t'
t:ishi'if
.,
IP,
j and,
descendant,
n.
m.
devotee,
n.
m. fidwi,
dictionary, n.
did,
v.
die,
v. int.,
,,
t.
^^ &*>\
f.
Jciyr,
auldd,
lug.nt,
\J\A
*t)\
^j^
*^*^
l*>
mnrnd, ly
marjdnd, UU^c
J_cij^iJ
134
die,
pass away,
v. int.,
v.
t.
direction
^V
~ki
(of),
disciple, n. m.
;* >>y,
distant,
taj$>
khodnd,
m. khdnd,
dinner, n.
dur,
do,
v. t.
dog,
n.
U'I
mushkil, J^*>
difficult, difficulty,
dig,
guzarjdnd,
^>^
o^t ^/
tnraf,
^Li
shdqird.
karnd,
l>/
Jcuttd,
Uf
/at/a,
l^
m.
done, v.
t.
donkey,
n.
m.
gadhd,
doubtless, 6eshaJck,
dozen,
darjan,
draper,
n.
m.
drawers,
n.
m. paty'dma,
drawing-room,
drink,
v.
t.
bazzdz,
n.
m.
}\j*
**^
gol tamra,
pmd,
l^j
up, v.
t.
drive,
v.
t.
Tidn.nd, U^Lk
drown,
v. int., duhnd,
dye,
v.
t.
^U
farz.fn.niz,
<Joj>
135
na
ai-m
else,
Tic hi,
nahm
to,
warna,
n. m.
dushman,
enemy,
^o
&#/',
enough,
v.
enquire,
t.,
(p) duryiift
entreat, v.
t.
(k'i)
arnd, li/
U ^A
hond
v. int., ddkhil
enter,
*>
minnnt
J^l
harri'f,
^^
C.
equal, to, equally, he barabar,
or
v.
int., bTiaq jdnd
ni,\alnd,
escape,
f*Li
-^Jt
every,
Tzar e/,
evil,
(p ) l.hardh
exactly,
(h)
exceedingly,
(It)
fewra,
v ^^
se ^p) dnrust,
#/i//r
"^V
tiih<iy<it.
excellent,
u'mdn.
except,
^e
^-c
*?/',
'^
explain,
v. t.
bay6n karnd,
expect,
v.
t.
expedient, n.
face, n.
tadbir,
f.,
munh,
f.,
^f-
^..
l
&
^i-
fall, v. int.
fall, (to
fall
d^y
Tthubsunit,
fair,
down,
fan, n.
girnd
rn.
v. int.. j/*Y
pn\hd.
^^
int.,
parnd,
parnd, b}j
U^ij
fight,
t.
JJJ
Uy
/.
v.
J.A
136
fighting, n.
f.
latdi, ^tjJ
v.
t.
bharnd,
fill,
I'^-J
v.
find,
t.
pdnd,
khub,
W.JA-
dg,
iJT
fine,
n. f .
fire,
fire, (a
gun), v.
t.,
n.
fit,
//i//i;,
fitting,
five,
fire-place, stove,
fish,
Ulj
f.
m., chvlhd,
^-m*
machhli,
f.
taiydr,
mnndsib,
^^
punch,
flee,
v. int.,
flesh,
n. in.
go<ht,
**^
flower,
n. ra.
phiil,
Jj+j
fly,
see
forbid,
v.
forgive,
v. t.
forsake, v.
flee.
t.
t.
four,
9 &*.
lij
c/iar, ;l
fourfold,
chtiujund. 1*^^
fowl,
n.
friend,
n. m.
f.
front, in-of
fruit,
U^l$j ULa.
n.
murg.i^
^f*
<2o#,
^*-ji
Are
m.
ftimne, ^vol- ^.
mw>i
full,
furniture, n. m.
gallop, v. int.
cause
to,
garden, n. m.
ashdh,
^J*^,\
dnu.nd, l js
v t., daurdnd,
>
60^,
&
1J
*\
Jlfj
8^*
137
gardener, n. m.
v.
gave,
t.
l.^
diyd,
n.
gentleman,
^^
malt,
m.
sahib, ^*-(*>
gently,
get, obtain, v.
t.
v. int
get up,
v. int.,
give,
v.
t.
given,
v.
t.
uthnd,
dend,
Uj
diyd,
go along,
v. int., chalm'i,
go away,
v. int.,
cause
to, v.
out,
tflj
pdnd,
jand, chalejdnd,
cfinldnd,
t.
(h)
U. J^>
ni.aljdnd,
v. int.,
bdan.rja.mi, Ul^^tilj
1*^
n.
gram,
m.
grammar, n
n.
grass,
chund,
cause
snrf o nahw,
f.
g.hds,
to,
t.
j"**-*
^4
chrnd,
v
jl
^^~
f.
v. t.
graze,
tj*-
chardnd,
lij
green,
groom,
n.
m.
sdis,
gruel,
n.
f.
l.dnji,
gun,
n.
f.
gunpowder,
La. -
v. int.,
jj
good,
L>H^.
\j&>
(j^-'L-*
^^- ^
banduq, &-*>
n. f.,
bdrud, ^^>
-J.>
138
half,
lAit
ddhd,
half done,
adhurd,
m.
n.
hand,
hdth,
handkerchief,
n.
harm,
fjjy^T
**JlA
n.
m.
m.
nuqsdn
harvest, n.
f.
fasl,
n.
f.
topi,
hat,
have to do,
head,
hear,
v.
heard
(be)
yih,
heaven,
v. int.,
sundi dend,
n.
m.
dsmdn, ^U-of
v.
t.
(&/)
bhdri,
helpless,
hen,
sunnd, U~
t.
heavy,
help,
f.
karnd,
J5,U. i.
x)
t#-cj
murgi,
is liya, is waste,
yahan,
liither,
idhar, ^4^1
hitherto,
hold,
v.
holiday,
n.
t.
f.
pakafnti,
l>.fj
chhutti,
^/v*-
Honour, your,
huzur,
honour, n.
i'zzat,
n.
f.
m.
hot,
o^
here,
yhord,
garm,
hour,
n.
m.
gh'infd,
house,
n.
m.
ghar,
how,
^jl-j
madad
bechdra,
n.
hence,
horse,
karna pa.'nd,
v. int., (ko)
wuh,
n. m. sir,
he,
J^
nimdl,
kaisd,
ma\dn,jJ
I
j^
IJ
139
how much,
kitnd,
hungry,
bh^i/lhd,
Ui^j
hunt,
v.
t.
shikar khelna,
hurt,
v.
t.
chot lnydnd,
(p) agar,
(h)jo,J\
immediately,
faurun,
if,
^
lj-
^^v
bhdri,
important,
L&J
inculcate,
v.
t.
sfimjhd dend,
indicate,
v.
t.
batdnd,
infant,
n. m.
bachcha,
ink,
n.
siyahi,
f.
inkstand, inkpot, n.
v. t.
td.^d
insist,
inspect, v.
daivdt*
f.,
kamd,
muldkiza kurnd,
t.
m.
n.
invalid,
wmriz, bimdr,
iron (laundry),
is,
v. int.
n.
hai,
issue, offspring,
it,
yih, with,
m.
jacket,
n.
Jutnna,
p. n.
f.
iatri,
,>
n.
*J
m.
avltid,
kurtd,
Jamnd
khichari,
n.
f.
khicharl,
kill,
v.
t.
kite,
n.
f.
chtl,
knife,
n.
f.
chhuri,
know,
known,
v.
t.
to be,
j'dnnd,
n.
f.
^l*
Jl-^-
_cj*^
L*
v. int., (,.oi
mi'liim hond,
mihnnt, <^^<
labourer (hired) n. m. ma..dtir,
labour,
140
lacking, (without),
ke bagair.
lacking, (incomplete),
b/iq/',
lady,
n.
f.
biwf,
lamp,
n.
m.
chirdp,
^^
n.
f.
zamt'n,
lane,
n.
f.
gait,
f.
zdhdn, e/0
bad, n.
f.
gdli,
barii,
large,
\y.
v. int.,
laugh,
law, (doctor
hnnvnd,
n. m.
maulvi,
of),
(to study),
t.
learned man, n. m.
v.
leave,
also used.)
n.
language,
is
e^- )
U,^
UAJJ
jiarhmt,
'dlim,
chho nd,
t.
v. t., st.'chnd,
^Jl*
l\^-^*L
lentils,
aisd
lest,
let go,
let,
v.
f.
ki
mdbada,
chhor dend,
t.
(permit, allow), v.
letter,
chhutfi,
^H^
J'o
ddl,
na ho
f.
n.
m.
n.
f.
n.
m. jhuth,
&')&
Liu^
*-;
lj|
(p) khatt,
L'U>o
j^^-
karne dend,
*
t.
Uj^ L.f
*i,
lie,
lies,
to
lift,
v.
tell,
t.
v. int.
lamp),
light,
n.
like,
live,
f.
* J ^"^
jhuth bolnd,
v. t
bdrnd.jnldnd,
roshni,
M mdnind,
v. int., (p)
U^ 4^^
UlJ|
uthdnd,
light, (a
^V
^' lx)
^^
^
141
load,
m.
n.
load, to,
^.'K
Iddud,
t.
ladnd
v. int.
loaded, to be,
look,
^H
bojh,
v.
v. t.
de hnd, Lw^v
v.
de,.h lend,
t.
l^
<*
look for,
v.
t.
tald*h karnd,
loss,
n.
m.
nufjsdn,
lying, resting,
make,
v.
t.
mat), (homo),
n.
m.
ddmi.
^^
man, (wVi,
n.
m.
mard,
Sj*>
mango,
n.
m.
dm,
many,
bahut,
mare,
n.
f.
margin,
n.
m.
mason,
n.
m.
matter,
n.
f.
n.
m.
maund,
by means
i.indra,
r;
(p.),
m.
mistri,
mu'dmalu,
phdwrd,
';^J
mnn,
&*
A/
of,
n.
;'}lj
(h) fca,
J,
meat,
*J-
bdzdr,
n. in.
n.
^ y$
ghon,
n. tn.
mattock,
pf
*^v?
m arifat. ^ j
wnsile
m.
gosht,
se, <?L
medicine,
n.
f.
dawd,
meditate,
v.
t.
g.aur karnd,
meet,
v. int.,
merchant,
n.
midnight, n.
in the midst,
milk,
n.
milnd,
c^iy
I
9t
<
\>j
liu
m.
sanddgar,
f.
adki rdt,
m.
durmiydn, ^U
dudh,
*^ij
Le,
jf^y
cut;
^j
142
mind,
n.
f.
143
only,
o^
sirf,faqat,
int.,
khilnd,
9
open,
v. int.,
open,
v.
t.
n.
m.
or.
kholnd,
yd,
order,
order,
khulna,
to,
v. t.
hukm,
hukm
p
dend,
otherwise,
warna,
out, outside,
bdhar,
li
&
j&
ox,
n.
m.
bail,
<J
pain,
n.
m.
dard,
patlun,
&
pantaloon, n. m.
pass away, v.
int.,
guzarjdnd,
patient,
n.
m.
mariz,
pebbles,
n.
m.
kankar,
peck,
144
plant,
v.
t.
plough,
n.
m.
to,
Ingdnd,
hal,
v. t.
haljotna,
point out,
v.
t.
police,
n.
m.
batand,
"pulis"
policeman, u. m.
si pah t,
and
adj.
and
possible,
mum ^in,
post
d'i'c, da, c
(office),
pot,
n.
m.
gh<nd,
prayer, to say, v.
namciz, }U>
f.,
taiyar,
present,
hdzir,
press, cupboard, n.
primer,
hnri,
taiydr karnd%
v. t.
prepared,
price,
\}j
namiz pa
prayers, liturgy, n.
prepare,
^+0
khina,
n.
m.
n.
f.
n.
m.
(dmirf,,
(h>,
dam,
(p>,
qimd,
q'aid'i,
proficient,
(men) mdhir
proper,
muudsib,
property,
n.
m.
f.
pulse,
punish,
v.
t.
8'izii
pupil,
n.
m.
sh igird,
t.
ra'.hnd,
put on,
.t.
quarrel,
v.
t.
v.
t.
quickly,
raise,
*-
JU
mil, asbdb,
n.
put, place, v.
*>
ddl,
dend,
\*
pnhinnd,
lurdi karnd,
jnld,
uthdnd.
l^l
145
rather,
balki,
read, to oneself, v.
read, aloud, v.
t.
t.,
dekhnd,
parhnd,
ready,
taiydr,
reason,
sa&ab,
pdnd,
IJL>
red,
Idl,
J3J
regularly,
v.
receive,
t.
release,
v.
t.
bardbar,
chhor dend
reliance,
n.
m.
bharosd,
v.
t.
chdhnd,
rest,
n.
m.
dram,
result,
n.
m.
natija,
t.,
dhdn,
'arz karnd,
o^
daulatmand,
rich,
rider,
n. m., sawdr,
ride,
v. int.,
rise,
v. int.,
river,
n.
way
road,
m.
sawar hona,
uthnd,
daryd,
room,
m.
v.
cause
t.
away,
to, v.
sarak,
guldbv,
malnd,
LU
t.,
v. int.,
ij
v. int.,
run,
f.,
kamrd,
rose-coloured,
rub,
10
(j^
daurnd,
daurdna,
daurjdnd,
l>j
I>f
Li
146
rupee,
n.
m.
rupiya,
saddle,
n.
m.
zint
m.
salt,
n.
salute,
v.
t.
saldm
sash,
n.
saucer,
n.
m.
m.
pirich,
namak,
Jcarnd,
Jcamarband,
say,
v. t. (se),
scales,
n.
m.
tardzu,
school,
n.
m.
Madrasa,
kahnd,
schoolmaster, n. m. ustdd,
schoolmistress, n.
sea,
n.
m.
second,
.,
ustdni,
daryd,
dusrd,
see,
v. t.
seed,
n.
dekhnd,
m.
sell,
v.
t.
dechnd,
send,
v.
t.
bhejnd,
separate,
alag,judd,
separately,
alag,judd,
ser,
sert
servant,
n.
m.
naukar,
set forth,
v.
t.
baydn kdrnd,
settle,
v.
t.
tnh karnd,
v.
t.
seven,
sew,
l>
sdt,
sind,
wuh,
she,
sheet,
n.
f.
cnadciT,
shelter,
n.
f.
dr,
shine,
v. int.,
shirt,
n.
m.
chamaknd,
qamfa,
*j
}<
147
shoe,
n.
shoot,
v. t.
shop,
n. f .
/#,
f.
banduq chaldnd,
dukdn,
n. m., baniyd,
shopkeeper,
v.
show,
show,
dikhdnd,
t.
(itself), v. int.,
sick,
n.
m.
dikhdi dend,
b'imdr, martz,
chunki,
since,
sing,
v. t.
gdnd,
sink,
v. int.
dubnd,
sister,
n.
bahin,
sit,
v. int., baithnd,
f.
chahh,
six,
sky,
n.
m.
slay, slaughter, v.
sleep,
dsmdn,
t.,
mar ddlnd,
chhotd,
small,
vj>
tor dalnd,
smash,
v.
t.
snake,
n.
m.
so,
adj.
so,
conj.
sock,
n.
m.
moza,
soldier,
n.
m.
sipdhi,
solicit,
v.
t.
'arz karnd,
sdmp,
and
yil-*
chundnchi,
some,
kuchh,
sometimes,
kadhz kabhi,
sorrow,
n.
sound,
n. f.
(n)
dukh
dwdz,
(p) afsos,
j\)\
148
v.
sow,
t.
spade, mattock,
bond,
n. m.,
&y.
phawrd,
speak,
v. int., bolna,
spend,
v.
split,
v. int.,
phatnd,
Jchardb,
spoilt,
m.
n.
stand,
v. int.,
chamach,
khard hond,
state, to,
v.
t.
'arz karnd,
stay,
v. int.,
thaharnd,
(h) taubhi, (p)
yet,
n.
f.
straighten, v.
t.
v.
t.
dukdn,
JU>
tdham,
\J^^>
mdrnd,
^U
kdft,
sufficient,
sunshine,
n.
f.
dhup,
support,
n.
m.
sahdrd,
v. t.
,,
(f),
straight,
strike,
IJ
starch,
still,
Wy
kharch karnd, U
t.
spoon,
store,
tj'
dend,
syntax.
n.
f.
sweep,
v.
t.
sweetmeats, n.
f.
nahw,
jhdru dend,
mithdt,
jald,
swiftly,
table,
n. f .
tailor,
n.
m.
darzi,
take,
v.
t.
lena,
up,
v.
t.
uthdnd,
LLgjf
away,
v. int., le-jdnd,
mez,
U(^
149
maza ddr
tasty,
teacher, m. n.
f.
,,
n.
m.
ustdd,
f.
ustdn'i,
teach, a matter, v.
t.,
teach, a subject, v.
v.
tell,
sikhdnd,
t.,
parhand,
kahnd, batdna,
t.
terrible,
khaufndk,
then,
tab, to,
there,
wahdn,
therefore,
to, is liye,
these,
yih*
>
thing,
n.
think,
v. int., sochnd,
upon,
v.
n.
thief,
f.
t.
chit,
^r*
m.
chor,
)j^
*J
this,
yih,
those,
wuh,
*j
three,
tin,
&
throw away,
down,
v.
t.,
phenk dend,
v.
t.,
gird dend,
tighten,
v. t.
time,
n.
kasnd,
m.
waqt,
to-day,
to,
f.
kal,
n.
f.
LJLx
mihnat,
v. t.
to-morrow,
tongue,
thakjdnd,
a;,
n.
toil,
^J
zubdn,
karnd,
J>
LJ
c>^3
phatjdnd, UU
150
bilkull,
totally,
v. int., ko laynd,
touch,
ki taraf,
towards,
trade,
n.
traveller,
n.
m.
musafir,
treat,
v.
t.
suluk karna,
f.
tijdrat,
treatment, n. m.
suluk,
trowel, mason's, n.
f.,
gardener's, n.
m.
n.
true,
m. patlun,
n.
trousers,
<
karni,
f.,
khurpi,
sach,
,.
g*
turn,
v. int.
phirnd,
do.
two,
lee
under,
understand, v.
t.
niche,
^j
j&
e~^
samajhnd,
unless,
warna,
uselessly,
befaida,
vainly,
bahut,
very,
vest,
n.
m.
kurtd,
vigilance,
n.
f.
hoshiydri,
voice,
n.
f.
dwdz,
wall,
n.
f.
diwdr,
zor se,
vigorously,
warm,
garm,
was,
v. int., ihd,
wash,
v. t.
washerman,
waistcoat,
n.
dhond,
m.^dhobt,
"
n. (?),
wdskit,'
151
water,
n.
152
wound,
*^'
j
i-j
,2
W^lX^wv