Data Analysis STA2300 Example Exam 1

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Solutions to Example Examination One

Part A
Q 1
Q 6
Q11
Q16

(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)

Q 2
Q 7
Q12
Q17

(4)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Q 3
Q 8
Q13
Q18

(3)
(1)
(2)
(4)

Q 4
Q 9
Q14
Q19

(3)
(5)
(1)
(5)

Q 5
Q10
Q15
Q20

(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)

Part B
Question 1
(a) Binomial problem with n = 8, p = 0.10.
P(X 1) = 1 0.4305 = 0.5695 57%
(b) = n p = 8 0.10 = 0.80
(c) The normal approximation to the binomial can be used, since
np = 120 0.1 = 12 10 and nq = 120 0.9 = 108 10
Using a normal model with mean
p = np =120 0.1 = 12
and standard deviation = np(1 p) = 120 0.1 0.9 = 3.28634.
With no more than 10 defectives, X = 10 and
10 12
= 0.61
z=
3.28634
Area from Table Z = 0.2709
Probability that there will be no more than 10 defectives = 0.2709 or about 27%.

Question 2
(a) H0 : Mean sales before and after the TV ads are not different.
Ha : Mean sales after the TV ads are greater than before.
(b) From SPSS, P -value = 0.180/2 = 0.09 (because the test is one-sided). Since this is less than
10%, the increase in mean sales is statistically significant at the 10% level. (Note that the
test statistic used by SPSS is based on the sign of the difference before after difference,
giving 7 negative and 2 positive differences. It is equally legitimate to look at the after
before, giving 7 positive and 2 negative differences. Either way gives the same P -value.)

Data Analysis STA2300 Example Exam 1

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Question 3
(a) Let y represent the exam mark and x represent the hours of study then the regression
d
equation is yb = 44.934 + 2.629x. Alternatively, exam
mark = 44.934 + 2.629(hours of study)
(b) yb = 44.934 + 2.629 6 = 60.71 marks

Question 4
(a) Either
No infection 129 and Infection 49, or
No infection 72.5% and Infection 27.5%
(b)
Expected count =

179
117 = 39.3
533

(c) H0 : No association exists between treatment group and rate of ear infections
Ha : An association does exist between treatment group and rate of ear infections
(d) P -value = 0.035 from the output. As the P -value is small, it is unlikely the observed
distribution of responses would occur if the null hypothesis were true. There is moderate
evidence of a difference in the incidence of ear infections in the three groups (or there is
moderate evidence of an association between rate of ear infections and treatment group).
(e) Possible responses:
Yes, randomized experiments provide good evidence of causation.
No, insufficient information is given about the study design to make any such decisions
eg was it a blinded study?
No, chi-square analysis only tests association not causation

Question 5
(a) Let p represent the proportion of the population who watched Channel 6.
Hypotheses are H0 : p = 0.40 v Ha : p > 0.40
(b) From the question, pb =
Test statistic:

189
450

= 0.42 and n = 450.

pb p0
0.42 0.40
z = p p0 q0 = q
= 0.866
n

0.40(10.40)
450

Data Analysis STA2300 Example Exam 1

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(c) P -value = 0.1922. As the P -value is greater than 0.01 we do not reject the null hypothesis.
There is insufficient evidence to suggest that more than 40% of the population watched the
7 oclock news on Channel 6.
(d) For a 99% confidence interval, z = 2.576 and pb = 0.50 for the most conservative (largest)
sample size needed. Then
n=

z 2 pbqb 2.5762 0.50 (1 0.50)

=
= 16589.4
M E2
0.012

and the sample size required is 16,590 people.

It is also acceptable to assume pb = 0.42 giving
n=

z 2 pbqb 2.5762 0.42 (1 0.42)

=
= 16164.8
M E2
0.012

Then the minimum required sample size would be 16,165.