Health Care

Health Care
Chapter No-1: Introduction

Health care (or healthcare) is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury,
and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. Health care is delivered by
practitioners
In health, dentistry, midwifery (obstetrics), medicine, nursing,optometry, pharmacy, psychology
and other health professions. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, secondary
care, and tertiary, as well as in public health.
Access to health care varies across countries, groups, and individuals, largely influenced by
social and economic conditions as well as the health in place. Countries and jurisdictions have
different policies and plans in relation to the personal and population-based health care goals
within their societies. Health care systems are organizations established to meet the health needs
of target populations. Their exact configuration varies between national and sub national entities.
In some countries and jurisdictions, health care planning is distributed among market
participants, whereas in others, planning occurs more centrally among governments or other
coordinating bodies. In all cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), a wellfunctioning health care system requires a robust financing mechanism; a well-trained and
adequately-paid workforce; reliable information on which to base decisions and policies; and
well maintained health facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies.
Health care can contribute to a significant part of a country's economy. In 2011, the health care
industry consumed an average of 9.3 percent of the GDP or US$ 3,322 (PPP-adjusted) per capita
across the 34 members of OECD countries. The USA (17.7%, or US$ PPP 8,508), the
Netherlands (11.9%, 5,099), France (11.6%, 4,118), Germany (11.3%, 4,495), Canada (11.2%,
5669), and Switzerland (11%, 5,634) were the top spenders, however life expectancy in total
population at birth was highest in Switzerland (82.8 years), Japan and Italy (82.7), Spain and
Iceland (82.4), France (82.2) and Australia (82.0), while OECD's average exceeds 80 years for
the first time ever in 2011: 80.1 years, a gain of 10 years since 1970. The USA (78.7 years)
ranges only on place 26 among the 34 OECD member countries, but has the highest costs by far.
All OECD countries have achieved universal (or almost universal) health coverage, except
Mexico and the USA.
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Health Care
Health care is conventionally regarded as an important determinant in promoting the general
physical and mental health and well-being of people around the world. An example of this was
the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1980, declared by the WHO as the first disease in
human history to be completely eliminated by deliberate health care interventions.
Health and health care need to be distinguished from each other for no better reason than
that the former is often incorrectly seen as a direct function of the latter. Heath is clearly not the
mere absence of disease. Good Health confers on a person or groups freedom from illness - and
the ability to realize one's potential. Health is therefore best understood as the indispensable basis
for defining a person's sense of well being. The health of populations is a distinct key issue in
public policy discourse in every mature society often determining the deployment of huge
society. They include its cultural understanding of ill health and well-being, extent of socioeconomic disparities, reach of health services and quality and costs of care. and current
biomedical understanding about health and illness.
Health care covers not merely medical care but also all aspects pro preventive care too.
Nor can it be limited to care rendered by or financed out of public expenditure- within the
government sector alone but must include incentives and disincentives for self care and care paid
for by private citizens to get over ill health. Where, as in India, private out-of-pocket expenditure
dominates the cost financing health care, the effects are bound t be regressive. Heath care at its
essential core is widely recognized to be a public good. Its demand and supply cannot therefore,
be left to be regulated solely by the invisible had of the market. Nor can it be established on
considerations of utility maximizing conduct alone.
What makes for a just health care system even as an ideal? Four criteria could be
suggested- First universal access, and access to an adequate level, and access without excessive
burden. Second fair distribution of financial costs for access and fair distribution of burden in
rationing care and capacity and a constant search for improvement to a more just system. Third
training providers for competence empathy and accountability, pursuit of quality care ad cost
effective use of the results of relevant research. Last special attention to vulnerable groups such a
children, women, disabled and the aged.
Health Care
Forecasting in Health Sector
In general predictions about future health - of individuals and populations - can be
notoriously uncertain. However all projections of health care in India must in the end rest on the
overall changes in its political economy - on progress made in poverty mitigation (health care to
the poor) in reduction of inequalities (health inequalities affecting access/quality'), in generation
of employment /income streams (to facilitate capacity to pay and to accept individual
responsibility for one's health ). in public information and development communication (to
promote preventive self care and risk reduction by conducive life styles ) and in personal life
style changes (often directly resulting from social changes and global influences). Of course it
will also depend on progress in reducing mortality and the likely disease load, efficient and fair
delivery and financing systems in private and public sectors and attention to vulnerable sectionsfamily planning and nutritional services and women's empowerment and the confirmed interest
of me siat-e 10 ensure just health care to the Largest extent possible. To list them is to recall that
Indian planning had at its best attempted to capture this synergistic approach within a democratic
structure. It is another matter that it is now remembered only for its mixed success.
Available health forecasts
There is a forecast on the new health challenges likely to emerge in India over tne next
few decades. Murry and Lopez <WorId Bank B 2000> have provided a possible scenario of the
burden of disease (BOD) for India in the year 2020, based on a statistical model calculating the
change in DALYS are applied to the population projections for 2020 and conversely. The key
conclusions must be understood keeping in the mind the tact that the concept of DALYs
incorporates not only mortality but disability viewed in terms of healthy years of life lost. In this
forecast, DALYs are expected to dramatically decrease in respect of diarrhoeal diseases and
respiratory infections and less dramatically for maternal conditions. TB is expected to plateau by
2000, and HIV infections are expected to rise significantly up to 2010. Injuries may increase less
significantly, the proportion of people above 65 will increase and as a result the burden of noncommunicable disease will rise. Finally cardiovascular diseases resulting any from the risk
associated with smoking urban stress and improper diet are expected to increase dramatically.
Health Care
Under the same BOD methodology another view is available from a four - state analysis done in
1996 <World Bank B 2000> these four states - AP, Kamataka, W. Bengal and Punjab - represent
different stages in the Indian health transition. The analysis reveals that the poorer and more
populated states. West Bengal will still face a large incidence of communicable diseases. More
prosperous states, such as Punjab further along the health transiting will witness sharply
increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases especially, in urban areas. The projections
highlight that we still operating on unreliable or incomplete base data on mortality and causes of
death in the absence of vital registration statistics and know as yet little about how they differ
between social classes and regions or about the dynamic patterns of change at work. It also
highlights the policy dilemma of how to balance between the articulate middle upper class
demand for more access to technologically advanced and subsidized clinical services and the
more pressing needs of the poor for coverage of basic disease control interventions. This conflict
over deployment of public resources will only get exacerbated in future. What matters most in
such estimates are not societal averages with respect to health but sound data illumining
specifically the health conditions of the disadvantaged in local areas <Gwatkin A 2000> that long
tradition of health sector analysis looking at unequal access, income poverty and unjustly
distributed resources as the trigger to meet health needs of the poor. That tradition has been
totally replaced by the currently dominant school of international thought about health which is
concerned
Health Care
Chapter No-2: Existing System

Presently, our system for a patient to contact a doctor and take an appointment is
possible only if patient goes to that particular doctors clinic or hospital. Even the people cant get
the correct information about doctors, their details and different hospitals available in a particular
city. The only way to get all these are through directly contacting particular persons personally
and its a very big problem for a person new to that city. Those who want to have some
information in the medical field or wants to get appointment to particular doctor from his own
place are not possible.
Hence its a very big problem for those who dont have any idea of the medical field.
A person suffering with some problem cannot get correct and immediate prescription or
treatment until he meets the right doctor. This may cause or severe problems too. Nowadays in
order to get correct information and right treatment for a patient has to go by him wherever
needed. This is a lengthy process, which takes a lot of time to design manually, and also costs
more and even limited to certain extent. Its not possible to get all the information or details as
well as we cant satisfy the user through this process.
Health Care
Chapter No-3: Proposed System

The new system or website availdoctors.com consists of service availability on the Internet. It
provides easiest way for all the doctors, patients and others to get all the information needed as
quick as possible that too from anywhere in the world. The persons new to particular city can get
all the information regarding all the different hospitals, doctors in any hospital data, their
available timings data can be accessed in minutes.
The main use of this site is that any patient can get appointment to any doctor on
any day. That is a patient doesnt need to move to particular city, hospital, doctor to get an
appointment. This site also contains the administration module, which deals with inserting and
deleting the information into site and modifying and updating in time.
The main purpose of going to design and develop this project is to get above
mentioned benefits as well as the truth that Internet supports any type of service or business
process where in communication between the patients, users, doctors website designers are vital.
This system providing the most up-to-date services database and providing link
directly to a business from their individual listings.
Health Care
Chapter No-4: Hardware and software Requirement

HARDWARE
Microprocessor - 2 GHz Intel Core i7-2630QM
Memory - 4 GB 1333 MHz DDR3
Display - 15.6" High-Definition LED HP Bright View Display (1366 x
768)
Hard Drive - 500 GB
Devices Keyboard and Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device.
SOFTWARE
Te notepad
Browser - Google Crome
LANGUAGES
Front end - HTML (hypertext mark-up language)
CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
Health Care
Chapter No-5: Snapshot and coding
Description:-Home page where all navigation link are present
Health Care
Coding
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Medical Clinic</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" media="screen" />

</head>
<body>
<div id="main_container">
<div class="header">
<div id="logo"><a href="index.html"><img src="images/logo1.png" alt="" width="162"
height="80" border="0" /></a></div>
<div class="right_header">
<div class="top_menu"> <a href="testimonials.html" class="login">Comment</a> <a
href="signup.html" class="sign_up">Signup</a> </div>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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<li><a class="current" href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="About.html">Doctor Type</a></li>
<li><a href="Services.html">Medicine Type</a></li>
<li><a href="Contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="middle_box">
<div><marquee><font size="+5">Welcome in Health Care</font></marquee></div>
</div>
<div class="pattern_bg">
<div class="pattern_box">
<div class="pattern_box_icon"><img src="images/icon1.png" alt="" width="70"
height="112" /></div>
<div class="pattern_content">
<h1>My <span class="blue">Medicine</span></h1>
<p class="pat"> Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my mistress. When I get fed
up with one, I spend the night with the other
Anton Chekhov </p>
</div>
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</div>
<h1>Search <span class="blue">Hospital</span></h1>
<p class="pat"> A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with
specialised staff and equipment. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main_content">
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS"><center> Welcome to Health care
Hospitals, India </center>
</font><br />
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<font size="+1">Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease,
illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. Health care is
delivered by practitioners in allied health, dentistry, midwifery (obstetrics), medicine, nursing,
optometry, pharmacy, psychology and other health professions. It refers to the work done in
providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.</font>
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</td>
</tr>
</table>
</font>
</p>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div class="center_footer">© Health Care 2014. All Rights Reserved</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Description:-Sign Up Form where user can register to use the

system, user can fill the name,email id,mobile no ,qualification
and address to register.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="middle_box_content"></div>
</div>
Anton Chekhov </p>
</div>
</div>
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<h1>Search <span class="blue"> Hospital</span></h1>
<p class="pat"> A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Sign Up Here</h2><br /><br />
<form action="#" method="post">
<p>
<input type="text" name="name" id="name" value="" size="22">
<label for="name"><small>Name (required)</small></label>
</p>
<p>
<input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="" size="22">
<label for="email"><small>Mail (required)</small></label>
</p>
<p>
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<input type="text" name="Mobile No" id="Text1" value="" size="22">
<label for="email"><small>Mobile No (required)</small></label>
</p>
<p>
<input type="text" name="Qualification" id="Text2" value="" size="22">
<label for="email"><small>Qualification (required)</small></label>
</p>
<p>
<textarea name="Address" id="comment" cols="25" rows="10"></textarea>
<label for="comment" class="hidden"><small>Address (required)</small></label>
</p>
<p>
<input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit">

<input name="reset" type="reset" id="reset" value="Reset">
</p>
</form>
</div>
<div id="footer">
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</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Description:-Health care system include types of docter which is help

user to select specialist doctor according to their expertise
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Coding
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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<li><a href="About.html">Docter Type</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pattern_box_icon"><img src="images/d.jpg" alt="" width="70" height="112"
/></div>
<h1> Doctor <span class="blue">Type</span></h1>
<p class="pat">
<a href="Audiologist.html">Audiologist</a>
<a href="Allergist.html">Allergist</a>
<a href="Anesthesiologist.html">Anesthesiologist</a>
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<a href="Cardiologist.html">Cardiologist</a>
<a href="Dentist.html">Dentist</a>
<a href="Dermatologist.html">Dermatologist</a>
<a href="Endocrinologist.html">Endocrinologist</a>
<a href="Epidemiologist.html">Epidemiologist</a>
<a href="Gynecologist.html">Gynecologist</a>
<a href="Immunologist.html">Immunologist</a>
<a href="Infectious.html">Infectious Disease Specialist</a>
<a href="Internal.html">Internal Medicine Specialist</a>
<a href="Medical.html">Medical Geneticist</a>
<a href="Microbiologist.html">Microbiologist</a>
<a href="Neonatologist.html">Neonatologist</a>
<a href="Neurologist.html">Neurologist</a>
<a href="Neurosurgeon.html">Neurosurgeon</a>
<a href="Obstetrician.html">Obstetrician</a>
<a href="Oncologist.html">Oncologist</a>
<a href="Orthopedic.html">Orthopedic Surgeon</a>
<a href="Physiologist.html">Physiologist</a>
<a href="Plastic.html">Plastic Surgeon</a>
<a href="Podiatrist.html">Podiatrist</a>
<a href="Radiologist.html">Radiologist</a>
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<a href="Urologist.html">Urologist</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pattern_box_icon"><img src="images/d1.png" alt="" width="70"
<h1> <span class="blue"> Doctor</span></h1>
<p class="pat">The person who is qualified to treat people who are ill. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="3" face="Comic Sans MS"> About Us, Health Care
..</font><br />
<p align="justify" style="width: 1190px">We all know "prevention is better than cure". This
is where Health Care hospitals comes into the picture by recognizing the importance and need
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for preventive <br />health care. We have launched pioneering health Cheq TM for your healthy
future.<br /><br /><br />
The HEALTH CARE CHECKS offered by the hospital is a comprehensive check up that
screens each organ closely to detect even the smallest symptom <br />that could be an indication
of a major disease. In addition, the check also identifies the reason for minor ailments, which are
constant irritants. <br />It also serves as a personal medical record for future reference. Once the
check is completed, if treatment is required it can begin without delay. <br />Apollo's
superspeciality departments cover all areas of medical science. For more information or to make
an appointment, call the hospital <br />at 26925858 ext 1090, 1091.
</p>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div class="center_footer"><center> Health Care 2014. All Rights Reserved</center></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Health Care
Description:- Audiologists specialize in ear related issues,

particularly with regard to hearing loss in children. These
doctors work with deaf and mute children to assist in their
learning to communicate. They typically work in hospitals,
physicians offices, audiology clinics, and occasionally in
schools.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
/></div>
<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS"> Audiologist</font><br />
<p align="justify" style="width: 1190px">
<center><div><img src="images/Audiologist.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="112"
/></div></center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
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<font size="+2">Audiologists specialize in ear related issues, particularly with regard to
hearing loss in children. These doctors work with deaf and mute children to assist in their <br
/>learning to communicate. They typically work in hospitals, physicians offices, audiology
clinics, and occasionally in schools.<br />
Good hearing is essential to the social and intellectual development of infants and young
children. Audiologists test hearing and identify hearing loss in children of any age. This includes
newborn and infant hearing screening and diagnostic hearing tests with young children.
Audiologists provide hearing therapy and fit hearing aids on babies and young children with
hearing loss.<br />
Audiologists also provide:<br />
Services for school children.<br />

Hearing services and counseling.<br />
Hearing aids and assistive listening devices.<br />
Hearing conservation programs.<br />
Hearing research.<br />
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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</p>
</div>
<center><div id="footer">
</div></center>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Description: - Allergists work with a wide variety of patients

who suffer from issues related to allergies, such as hay, fever, or
asthma. They are specially trained to treat these issues and assist
patients in dealing with them and what to do when they are
encountered.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
/></div>
<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS"> Allergist</font><br />
<center><div><img src="images/allergist.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="112"
/></div></center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
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<font size="+2">Allergists work with a wide variety of patients who suffer from issues
related to allergies, such as hay, fever, or asthma. They are specially trained to treat these issues
and assist patients in dealing with them and what to do when they are encountered..</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</div>
</div></center>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Health Care
Description: - Anesthesiologists study the effects and reactions

to anesthetic medicines and administer them to a variety of
patients with pain-killing needs. They assess illnesses that
require this type of treatment and the dosages appropriate for
each specific situation.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
/></div>
<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS"> Anesthesiologist</font><br />
<center><div><img src="images/Anesthesiologist.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="112"
/></div></center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
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<font size="+2">Anesthesiologists study the effects and reactions to anesthetic medicines
and administer them to a variety of patients with pain-killing needs. They assess illnesses that
require this type of treatment and the dosages appropriate for each specific situation..</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</div>
</div></center>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Health Care
Description: - Cardiologists specify in the study and treatment of

the heart and the many diseases and issues related to it. They
assess the medical and family history of patients to determine
potential risk for certain cardiovascular diseases and take action
to prevent them.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
/></div>
<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Cardiologist</font><br />
<center><div><img src="images/Cardiologists.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="112"
/></div></center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<font size="+2">Cardiologists specify in the study and treatment of the heart and the
many diseases and issues related to it. They assess the medical and family history of patients to
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determine potential risk for certain cardiovascular diseases and take action to prevent
them..</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</div>
</div></center>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Health Care
Description: - Dentists work with the human mouth, examining

teeth and gum health and preventing and detecting various
different issues, such as cavities and bleeding gums. Typically,
patients are advised to go to the dentist twice a year in order to
maintain tooth health.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
/></div>
<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Dentist</font><br />
<center><div><img src="images/Dentist1.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="112"
/></div></center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
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<font size="+2">Dentists work with the human mouth, examining teeth and gum health
and preventing and detecting various different issues, such as cavities and bleeding gums.
Typically, patients are advised to go to the dentist twice a year in order to maintain tooth
health.</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</div>
</div></center>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Health Care
Description: - Dermatologists study skin and the structures,

functions and diseases related to it. They examine patients to
check for such risk factors as basal cell carcinoma (which
signals skin cancer) and moles that may eventually cause skin
disease if not treated in time.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
/></div>
<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Dermatologist</font><br />
<center><div><img src="images/Dermatologist-2.jpg" alt="" width="200"
height="112" /></div></center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
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<font size="+2">Dermatologists study skin and the structures, functions and diseases
related to it. They examine patients to check for such risk factors as basal cell carcinoma (which
signals skin cancer) and moles that may eventually cause skin disease if not treated in
time.</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</div>
</div></center>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Description: - Endocrinologists specify in illnesses and issues

related to the endocrine system and its glands. They study
hormone levels in this area to determine and predict whether or
not a patient will encounter an endocrine system issue in the
future.
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<head>

</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
/></div>
<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS"> Endocrinologists</font><br />
<center><div><img src="images/epi.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="112"
/></div></center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
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<font size="+2">Endocrinologists specify in illnesses and issues related to the endocrine
system and its glands. They study hormone levels in this area to determine and predict whether
or not a patient will encounter an endocrine system issue in the future.</font>
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Description: - Epidemiologists search for potential diseases that

may crop up and cause a great deal of problems for a population
and look for vaccinations for current terminal diseases, such as
cancer and HIV/AIDS.
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<font size="+2">Epidemiologists search for potential diseases that may crop up and
cause a great deal of problems for a population and look for vaccinations for current terminal
diseases, such as cancer and HIV/AIDS.</font>
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Description:- Gynecologists work with the female reproductive

system to assess and prevent issues that could potentially cause
fertility issues. Female patients are typically advised to see a
gynecologist once a year.Gynecological work also focuses on
issues related to prenatal care and options for expectant and new
mothers.
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<font size="+2">Gynecologists work with the female reproductive system to assess and
prevent issues that could potentially cause fertility issues. Female patients are typically advised
to see a gynecologist once a year.Gynecological work also focuses on issues related to prenatal
care and options for expectant and new mothers. For more information on how to ensure that
your infant is growing and developing properly, check out this course on nutrition for babies and
toddlers!</font>
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Description: - They assess the medical and family history of

patients to determine potential risk for certain cardiovascular
diseases and take action to prevent them.
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<font size="+2">Immunologists study the immune system in a variety of organisms,
including humans. They determine the weaknesses related to this system and what can be done to
override these weaknesses.</font>
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Description:- Infectious Disease Specialists are often found in

research labs and work with viruses and bacteria that tend to
cause a variety of dangerous diseases. They examine the source
of these organisms and determine what can be done to prevent
them from causing illnesses.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS"> Infectious Disease
Specialist</font><br />
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<font size="+2">Infectious Disease Specialists are often found in research labs and work
with viruses and bacteria that tend to cause a variety of dangerous diseases. They examine the
source of these organisms and determine what can be done to prevent them from causing
illnesses.</font>
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Description:- Internal Medicine Specialists manage and treat

diseases through non-surgical means, such as anesthetics and
other pain-reliving drugs. They work in many different
healthcare facilities and assist other physicians in finding the
most appropriate means of treatment for each individual patient.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Internal Medicine
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<font size="+2">Internal Medicine Specialists manage and treat diseases through nonsurgical means, such as anesthetics and other pain-reliving drugs. They work in many different
healthcare facilities and assist other physicians in finding the most appropriate means of
treatment for each individual patient.</font>
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Description:- Medical Geneticists examine and treat diseases

related to genetic disorders. They specialize in disorders that are
hereditary in nature and work to find ways to prevent alreadypresent diseases from passing down to the next generation
through reproduction.
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<font size="+2">Medical Geneticists examine and treat diseases related to genetic
disorders. They specialize in disorders that are hereditary in nature and work to find ways to
prevent already-present diseases from passing down to the next generation through
reproduction.</font>
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Description:- Microbiologists study the growth infectious

bacteria and viruses and their interactions with the human body
to determine which could potentially cause harm and severe
medical conditions. They also seek to find immunizations for
diseases caused by these organisms.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Microbiologist</font><br />
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<font size="+2">Microbiologists study the growth infectious bacteria and viruses and
their interactions with the human body to determine which could potentially cause harm and
severe medical conditions. They also seek to find immunizations for diseases caused by these
organisms.</font>
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Description:- Neonatologists care for newborn infants to ensure

their successful entry into a healthy and fulfilling life. The focal
point of their examinations is on premature and critically ill
infants who require immediate treatment at the risk of fatal
consequences.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Neonatologist</font><br />
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<font size="+2">Neonatologists care for newborn infants to ensure their successful entry
into a healthy and fulfilling life. The focal point of their examinations is on premature and
critically ill infants who require immediate treatment at the risk of fatal consequences.</font>
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Description:- Neurologists work with the human brain to

determine causes and treatments for such serious illnesses as
Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Dementia, and many others.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Neurologist</font><br />
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<font size="+2">Neurologists work with the human brain to determine causes and
treatments for such serious illnesses as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Dementia, and many others. In
addition to research on the brain stem, neurologists also study the nervous system and diseases
that affect that region.
So what does a neurologist do exactly? Well, they are instrumental in diagnosing different
neurological disorders, such as stroke and Alzheimer's. They also interpret and analyze results
from brain scans.
Neurologists can also diagnose patients with certain disorders based on a variety of symptoms.
Some who are employed by universities also contribute to the medical field by carrying out and
publishing research.
While a neurologist job description can vary, the path to becoming one is usually the same.
Typically, medical school is required followed by several years of residency, where these doctors
will eventually find work in universities, clinics, private practices, and hospitals.
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Description: - Neurosurgeons operate on the human brain and

body to treat and cure diseases affecting the nervous system and
brain stem. They work to alleviate symptoms from serious brain
illnesses that cause patients a great deal of physical and
emotional pain.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Neurosurgeon</font><br />
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<font size="+2">Neurosurgeons operate on the human brain and body to treat and cure
diseases affecting the nervous system and brain stem. They work to alleviate symptoms from
serious brain illnesses that cause patients a great deal of physical and emotional pain.</font>
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Description: - Obstetricians work in a particular area of

gynecology that focuses on neonatal care and childbirth.
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<font size="+2">Obstetricians work in a particular area of gynecology that focuses on
neonatal care and childbirth. They also perform other operations related to the female
reproductive system including c-sections, hysterectomies, and surgical removal of ovarian
tumors.
To learn more about neonatal care and the proper way to care for a newborn infant, take a look at
this course on bringing your new baby home!</font>
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Description: - Oncologists focus on the treatment and prevention

of cancer in terminal and at-risk patients. They offer such
treatments as examination and diagnosis of cancerous illnesses,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells in the
body, and follow-up with survivors after treatment successes.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Oncologist</font><br />
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<font size="+2">Oncologists focus on the treatment and prevention of cancer in terminal
and at-risk patients. They offer such treatments as examination and diagnosis of cancerous
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illnesses, chemotherapy and radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells in the body, and follow-up with
survivors after treatment successes.</font>
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Description:- Orthopedic Surgeons treat ailments concerned

with the skeletal system, such as broken bones and arthritis.
These doctors are often found in emergency rooms since
accidents that result in broken bones are often unintentional and
demand immediate treatment.
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<font color="black" size="+2" face="Comic Sans MS">Orthopedic Surgeon</font><br />
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<font size="+2">Orthopedic Surgeons treat ailments concerned with the skeletal system,
such as broken bones and arthritis. These doctors are often found in emergency rooms since
accidents that result in broken bones are often unintentional and demand immediate
treatment.</font>
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Description: - This module define the type of medicine used in

medical sector.
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<h1>Medicine <span class="blue">Type</span></h1>
<p class="pat">
<a href="Liquid.html">Liquid</a>
<a href="Tablet.html">Tablet</a>
<a href="Capsules.html">Capsules</a>
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<a href="Injections.html">Injections</a>
<a href="gene.html">gene therapy</a>
<a href="Oto.html">Otolaryngology</a>
<a href="cell.html"> cell therapy</a>
<a href="Drug.html">Drug</a>
<a href="Pathology.html">Pathology</a>
<a href="Podiatry.html">Podiatry</a>
<a href="Psychiatry.html">Psychiatry</a>
</p>
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<h1>Search <span class="blue"> Treatments</span></h1>
<p class="pat"> The application of medicines, surgery, therapy, etc., in treating a disease or
disorder. </p>
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Description:- The active part of the medicine is combined with a

liquid to make it easier to take or better absorbed. A liquid may
also be called a mixture, solution or syrup. Many common
liquids are now available without any added colouring or sugar.
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disorder. </p>
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</div>
The active part of the medicine is combined with a liquid to make it easier to take or better
absorbed. A liquid may also be called a mixture, solution or syrup. Many common liquids
are now available without any added colouring or sugar.
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Description:- A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It

comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually
in powder form, pressed or compacted from a powder into a
solid dose. The excipients can include diluents, binders or
granulating agents, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure
efficient tabletting; disintegrants to promote tablet break-up in
the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours to enhance taste; and
pigments to make the tablets visually attractive. A polymer
coating is often applied to make the tablet smoother and easier
to swallow, to control the release rate of the active ingredient, to
make it more resistant to the environment (extending its shelf
life), or to enhance the tablet's appearance.
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disorder. </p>
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</div>
A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It comprises a mixture of active substances and
excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose. The
excipients can include diluents, binders or granulating agents, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants
to ensure efficient tabletting; disintegrants to promote tablet break-up in the digestive tract;
sweeteners or flavours to enhance taste; and pigments to make the tablets visually attractive. A
polymer coating is often applied to make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow, to control the
release rate of the active ingredient, to make it more resistant to the environment (extending its
shelf life), or to enhance the tablet's appearance.
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Description:-
In
the
manufacture
of
pharmaceuticals,
encapsulation refers to a range of dosage formstechniques

used to enclose medicinesin a relatively stable shell known as
a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be
used as suppositories.
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disorder. </p>
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In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, encapsulation refers to a range of dosage forms
techniques used to enclose medicinesin a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing
them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories. The two main types of capsules
are:
Hard-shelled capsules, which are typically made using gelatin and contain dry, powdered
ingredients or miniature pellets made by e.g. processes of extrusion or spheronisation. These are
made in two halves: a lower-diameter "body" that is filled and then sealed using a higherdiameter "cape".
Soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or
suspended in oil.
Both of these classes of capsules are made from aqueous solutions of gelling agents like:
Animal protein, mainly gelatin;

Plant polysaccharides or their derivatives like carrageenans and modified forms of starch and
cellulose.
Other ingredients can be added to the gelling agent solution like plasticizers such as glycerin or
sorbitol to decrease the capsule's hardness, coloring agents, preservatives, disintegrants,
lubricants and surface treatment.
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Description:- An injection (often referred to as a "shot" in US

English, or a "jab" in UK English) is an infusion method of
putting fluid into the body, usually with a syringe and a hollow
needle which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for
the material to be administered into the body.
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disorder. </p>
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</div>
An injection (often referred to as a "shot" in US English, or a "jab" in UK English) is an infusion
method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a syringe and a hollow needle which is
pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be administered into the body.
An injection follows a parenteral route of administration; that is, administration via a route other
than through the digestive tract. Since the process inherently involves a small puncture wound to
the body (with varying degrees of pain depending on injection type and location, medication
type, needle gauge and the skill of the individual administering the injection), fear of needles is a
common phobia.
There are several methods of injection or infusion used in humans, including intradermal,
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, epidural,
intracardiac, intraarticular, intracavernous, and intravitreal. Rodents used for research are often
administered intracerebral and intracerebroventricular injections as well. Long-acting forms of
subcutaneous/intramuscular injections are available for various drugs, and are called depot
injections.
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Description:- Gene therapy is the use of nucleic acid polymers

as a drug to treat disease by therapeutic delivery into a patient's
cells, where they are either expressed as proteins, interfere with
the expression of proteins, or possibly even correct genetic
mutations. The most common form of gene therapy involves
using DNA that encodes a functional, therapeutic gene to replace
a mutated gene. In gene therapy, the nucleic acid molecule is
packaged within a "vector", which is used to get the molecule
inside cells within the body.
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+<!DOCTYPE
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PUBLIC
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disorder. </p>
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Gene therapy is the use of nucleic acid polymers as a drug to treat disease by therapeutic
delivery into a patient's cells, where they are either expressed as proteins, interfere with the
expression of proteins, or possibly even correct genetic mutations. The most common form of
gene therapy involves using DNA that encodes a functional, therapeutic gene to replace a
mutated gene. In gene therapy, the nucleic acid molecule is packaged within a "vector", which is
used to get the molecule inside cells within the body.
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Description:- In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals,

encapsulation refers to a range of dosage formstechniques
used to enclose medicinesin a relatively stable shell known as
a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be
used as suppositories.
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<ul>
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</div>
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<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
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disorder. </p>
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</div>
Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy or cytotherapy) is therapy in which cellular material is
injected into a patient;[1] this generally means intact, living cells. For example, T cells capable
of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity may be injected in the course of
immunotherapy.
Cell therapy originated in the nineteenth century when scientists experimented by injecting
animal material in an attempt to prevent and treat illness.[2] Although such attempts produced no
positive benefit, further research found in the mid twentieth century that human cells could be
used to help prevent the human body rejecting transplanted organs, leading in time to successful
bone marrow transplantation.[3]
Today two distinct categories of cell therapy are recognized.[1]
The first category is cell therapy in mainstream medicine. This is the subject of intense research
and the basis of potential therapeutic benefit.[4] Such research can be controversial when it
involves human embryonic material.
The second category is in alternative medicine, and perpetuates the practice of injecting animal
materials in an attempt to cure disease. This practice, according to the American Cancer Society,
is not backed by any medical evidence of effectiveness, and can have deadly consequences
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Description:- Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy or

cytotherapy) is therapy in which cellular material is injected into
a patient this generally means intact, living cells. For example, T
cells capable of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity
may be injected in the course of immunotherapy.
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<head>

</head>
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<div id="menu">
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<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<p class="pat">
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</p>
</div>
</div>
disorder. </p>
</div>
</div>
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</div>
Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (), meaning "experience" or
"suffering", and -logia (-), "an account of") is a significant component of the causal study
of disease and a major field in modern medicine and diagnosis. The term pathology itself may be
used broadly to refer to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of bioscience
research fields and medical practices, or more narrowly to describe work within the
contemporary medical field of "general pathology," which includes a number of distinct but
inter-related medical specialties which diagnose disease mostly through the analysis of tissue,
cell, and body fluid samples. Used as a count noun, "a pathology" (plural, "pathologies") can also
refer to the predicted or actual progression of particular diseases (as in the statement "the many
different forms of cancer have diverse pathologies"), and the affix path is sometimes used to
indicate a state of disease in cases of both physical ailment (as in cardiomyopathy) and
psychological conditions (such as psychopathy). A physician practicing pathology is called a
pathologist.
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</div>
Anton Chekhov </p>
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</div>
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<h1>Search <span class="blue"> Hospital</span></h1>
<p class="pat">A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with
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<h2>Write A Comments</h2><br /><br />
<form action="#" method="post">
<p>
<input type="text" name="name" id="name" value="" size="22">
<label for="name"><small>Name (required)</small></label>
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<input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="" size="22">
<label for="email"><small>Mail (required)</small></label>
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<label for="comment" class="hidden"><small>Comment (required)</small></label>
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</p>
<p>
<input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit">

<input name="reset" type="reset" id="reset" value="Reset">
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Chapter No-6: Testing

One of the purposes of the testing is to validate and verify the system. Verification means
checking the system to ensure that it is doing what the function is supposed to do and Validation
means checking to ensure that system is doing what the user wants it to do.
No program or system design is perfect; communication between the user and the designer is not
always complete or clear, and time is usually short. The result is errors and more errors.
Theoretically, a newly designed system should have all the pieces in working order, but in reality,
each piece works independently. Now is the time to put all the pieces into one system and test it
to determine whether it meets the user's requirements. This is the best chance to detect and
correct errors before the system is implemented. The purpose of system testing is to consider all
the likely variations to which it will be subjected and then push the system to its limits. If we
implement the system without proper testing then it might cause the problems.
1. Communication between the user and the designer.
2. The programmer's ability to generate a code that reflects exactly the system specification.
3. The time frame for the design.
Theoretically, a new designed system should have all the pieces in working order, but in reality,
each piece works independently. Now is the time to put all the pieces into one system and test it
to determine whether it meets the requirements of the user. The process of system testing and the
steps taken to validate and prepare a system for final implementation are:
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LEVELS OF TESTING:
The different types of testing are as follows:
UNIT TESTING
VALIDATION
INTREGRATIONN
SYSTEM
1. Unit Testing:
This is the smallest testable unit of a computer system and is normally

tested using the white box testing. The author of the programs usually
carries out unit tests.
2. Integration Testing:
In integration testing, the different units of the system are integrated
together to form the complete system and this type of testing checks the system as whole to
ensure that it is doing what is supposed to do. The testing of an integrated system can be carried
out top-down, bottom-up, or big-bang. In this type of testing, some parts will be tested with
white box testing and some with black box testing techniques. This type of testing plays very
important role in increasing the systems productivity. We have checked our system by using the
integration testing techniques.
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3. System Testing:
A part from testing the system to validate the functionality of software against the
requirements, it is also necessary to test the non-functional aspect of the system. Some examples
of non-functional tools include tests to check performance, data security, usability/user
friendliness, volume, load/stress that we have used in our project to test the various modules.
System testing consists of the following steps:
1. Program(s) testing.
2. String testing.
3. System testing.
4. System documentation.
5. User acceptance testing.
4. Field Testing:
This is a special type of testing that may be very important in some projects. Here the system is
tested in the actual operational surroundings. The interfaces with other systems and the real
world are checked. This type of testing is very rarely used. So far our project is concerned, we
haven't tested our project using the field testing.
1. Acceptance Testing:
After the developer has completed all rounds of testing and he is satisfied with the system, then
the user takes over and re-tests the system from his point of view to judge whether it is
acceptable according to some previously identified criteria. This is almost always a tricky
situation in the project because of the inherent conflict between the developer and the user. In
this project, it is the job of the bookstores to check the system that whether the made system
fulfills the goals or not.
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Why System Testing?
Testing is vital to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical assumption that if all
the parts of the system are correct, the goal will be successfully achieved. Inadequate testing
results in two types of problems:
1. The time lag between the cause and the appearance of the problem.
2. The effect of system errors on the files and records within the system.
Another reason for system testing is its utility as a user-oriented vehicle before implementation.
Activity Network for System Testing
The test plan entails the following activities:
1. Prepare test plan.
2. Specify conditions for user acceptance testing.
3. Prepare test data for program testing.
4. Prepare test data for transaction path testing.
5. Plan user training.
6. Compile/assemble programs.
7. Prepare job performance aids.
8. Prepare operational documents.
Prepare Test
A workable test plan must be prepared in accordance with established design specifications. It
includes the following items:
Outputs expected from the system.
Criteria for evaluating outputs.
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A volume of test data.
Procedure for using test data.
Personnel and training requirements.
Specify Conditions for User Acceptance Testing
Planning for user acceptance testing calls for the analyst and the user to agree on conditions for
the test.
Prepare Test Data for Program Testing
As each program is coded, test data are prepared and documented to ensure that all aspects of the
program are properly tested.
Prepare Test Data for Transaction Path Testing
This activity develops the data required for testing every condition and transactions to be
introduced into the system. The path of each transaction from origin to destination is carefully
tested reliable results.
Plan User Training
User training is designed to prepare the user for testing and converting the system. User
involvement and training take place parallel with programming for three reasons:
The system group has time available to spend on training while the programs are being
written.
Initiating a user-training program gives the systems group a clearer image of the user's
interest in the new system.
A trained user participates more effectively in system testing.
The training plan is followed by preparation of the user training manual and other text materials.
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Compile / Assemble Programs
All programs have to be compiled / assembled for testing.
Prepare Job Performance Aids
In this activity the materials to be used by personnel to run the system are specified and scheduled.
This includes a display of materials.
Prepare Operational Documents
During the test plan stage, all operational documents are finalized including copies of the operational
formats required by the candidate system.
Systems testing
The computer department to ensure that the system functions as specified does this testing. This testing
is important to ensure that a working system is handed over to the user for acceptance testing.
Acceptance testing.
The user to ensure that the system functions, as the user actually wanted performs this testing. With
prototyping techniques, this stage becomes very much a formality to check the accuracy and
completeness of processing. The screen layouts and output should already have been tested
during the prototyping phase.
An error in the program code can remain undetected indefinitely. To prevent this from
happening the code was tested at various levels. To successfully test a system, each condition,
and combinations of conditions had to be tested. Each program was tested and linked to other
programs. This unit of program is tested and linked to other units and so on until the complete
system has been tested.
The purpose of testing is to ensure that each program is fully tested. To do so a test plan had to
be created. The test plan consists of a number of test runs such as the valid paths through the
code, and the exception and error handling paths. For each test run there is a list of conditions
tested, the test data used and the result expected. The test plan was then reviewed to check that
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each path through the code is tested correctly. It is the responsibility of the programmer to
collect the data that will produce the required test condition.
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION (V&V):
The objectives of verification, validity activities are to assess and improve the quality of the
work products generated during development and modification of the software. Quality depends
upon the various attributes like correctness, completeness, consistency, reliability, usefulness,
usability, efficiency and conformance to standards.
The terms verification and validation are used synonymously. These are defined as under: Verification: Are we building the product right?
Validation: Are we building the right product?
Verification activities include proving, testing, and reviews. Validation is the process of
evaluating software at the end of the software development to ensure compliance with the
software requirements. Testing is a common method of validation. Clearly, for high reliability we
need to perform both activities. Together, they are often called V&V activities.
The major V&V activities for software development are inspection, reviews, and testing (both
static and dynamic). The V&V plan identifies the different V&V tasks for the different phases
and specifies how these tasks contribute to the project V&V goals. The methods to be used for
performing these V&V activities, the responsibilities and milestones for each of these activities,
inputs and outputs for each V&V task, and criteria for evaluating the outputs are also specified.
The two major V&V approaches are testing and inspections. Testing is an activity that can be
generally performed only on code. It is an important activity and is discussed in detail in a later
chapter. Inspection is a more general activity that can be applied to any work product, including
code. Many of the V&V tasks are such that for them, an inspection type of activity is the only
possible way to perform the tasks (e.g. trace ability and document evaluation). Due to this,
inspections play a significant role in verification.
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Chapter No-7: Output
Confirmation Message after Successful Registration
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Chapter No-8: Future Scope

It is unreasonable to consider a computer based information system complete or finished; the
system continues to evolve throughout its life cycle, even if its successful. It is the case with this
system too. Due to the creative nature of the design, there remain some lapse-mistaken
communications between the users and the developers. So, certain aspects of the system must be
modified as operational experience is gained with it. As users work with the system, they
develop ideas for change and enhancements.
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Chapter No-9: Bibliography

http://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/blog/pros-and-cons-healthcare-reform-hospitals
http://www.slideshare.net/drdivyahm/indian-healthcare-system-an-overiew
http://www.slideshare.net/kataria55/srs-for-hospital-management-system
https://sites.google.com/site/himfinalreport/next-chapter-78-scope-of-future-enhancement
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1799442/
http://seminarprojects.com/s/future-scope-of-hospital-management-system
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Chapter No-1: Introduction

Chapter No-2: Existing System

Chapter No-3: Proposed System

Chapter No-4: Hardware and software Requirement

Chapter No-5: Snapshot and coding

Description:-Home page where all navigation link are present

Description:-Sign Up Form where user can register to use the

Description:-Health care system include types of docter which is help

Description:- Audiologists specialize in ear related issues,

Audiologists also provide:<br />

Services for school children.<br />

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Description: - Allergists work with a wide variety of patients

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Description: - Anesthesiologists study the effects and reactions

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Description: - Cardiologists specify in the study and treatment of

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Description: - Dentists work with the human mouth, examining

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Description: - Dermatologists study skin and the structures,

Description: - Endocrinologists specify in illnesses and issues

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Description: - Epidemiologists search for potential diseases that

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Description:- Gynecologists work with the female reproductive

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Description: - They assess the medical and family history of

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Description:- Infectious Disease Specialists are often found in

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Description:- Internal Medicine Specialists manage and treat

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Description:- Medical Geneticists examine and treat diseases

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Description:- Microbiologists study the growth infectious

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Description:- Neonatologists care for newborn infants to ensure

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Description:- Neurologists work with the human brain to

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Description: - Neurosurgeons operate on the human brain and

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Description: - Obstetricians work in a particular area of

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Description: - Oncologists focus on the treatment and prevention

Description:- Orthopedic Surgeons treat ailments concerned

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Description: - This module define the type of medicine used in

Description:- The active part of the medicine is combined with a

Description:- A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It

encapsulation refers to a range of dosage formstechniques

Animal protein, mainly gelatin;

Description:- An injection (often referred to as a "shot" in US

Description:- Gene therapy is the use of nucleic acid polymers

Description:- In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals,

Today two distinct categories of cell therapy are recognized.[1]

Description:- Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy or

Description:- User can send the feedback to admin

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Chapter No-6: Testing

This is the smallest testable unit of a computer system and is normally

Chapter No-7: Output

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