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SUMMARY
An experimental investigation into the performance of high speed hard chine planing hulls in irregular waves has been
conducted. A new series of models representative of current design practice was developed and tested experimentally.
Measurements of the rigid body motions and accelerations were made at three speeds in order to assess the influence of
fundamental design parameters on the seakeeping performance of the hulls and human factors performance of the crew,
with an aim to provide designers with useful data.
Response data, such as heave and pitch motions and accelerations, are presented as probability distributions due to the
non-linear nature of high speed craft motions. Additionally statistical parameters for the experimental configurations
tested are provided and the most relevant measures for crew performance discussed. Furthermore, an example of the use
of these statistical parameters to evaluate the vibration dose value of the crew onboard a full scale high speed planing
craft is given. It is confirmed that at high speed craft motion leads to recommended maximum values of vibration dose
value being exceeded after only short durations. In practice, therefore, mitigating strategies need to be developed and/or
employed
to
reduce
crew
exposure
to
excessive
whole
body
vibration.
NOMENCLATURE
e
0
az
B
CV
g
Gyy
H1/3
L
LCG
L/1/3
t
T
Tz
V
Z
1
Deadrise [o]
Displaced volume [m3]
Displaced veight [N]
Wave amplitude [m]
Pitch []
Ship scale factor
Ship heading relative to waves []
Wave encounter frequency [rad/s]
Wave frequency [rad/s]
Vertical acceleration [m/s2]
Beam [m]
Speed coefficient CV=V/(g.B)0.5
Acceleration due to gravity 9.80665m/s2
Pitch radius of gyration [%L]
Significant wave height [m]
Length over all [m]
Longitudinal centre of gravity [%L] from
transom
Length-displacement ratio
Time [s]
Draught [m]
Zero crossing period [s]
Speed [m/s]
Heave at LCG [m]
INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF MODELS
Gyy
LCG
[%L]
A
2.0
0.32
0.06
119.25
8.70
6.25
22.5
0.16L
B
2.0
0.39
0.08
175.83
7.64
5.13
22.5
0.16L
C
2.0
0.46
0.09
243.40
6.86
4.35
22.5
0.16L
D
2.0
0.53
0.11
321.95
6.25
3.77
22.5
0.16L
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
INSTRUMENTATION
MEASUREMENTS
AND
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
where
] (1)
and
( )
(2)
(3)
)
( )
where
(5)
Exponential Distribution
(
STATISTICS
(4)
4.2
Gamma Distribution
(
(6)
[
The analysis process adopted is as follows:
1) The test runs which comprise a single test
condition are loaded and the mean of each run is
removed before the runs joined to produce a
single time trace for a given test condition.
2) A peak detection algorithm, as used by Allen et
al. [11], is used to find the peaks in the time
trace. These peaks are grouped into either
maxima or minima. For the case of accelerations
the minima are used because they represent the
deceleration on impact with the water.
3) The maxima or minima are sorted into
ascending order.
( )]
(7)
( )]
(8)
( )]
Crest Factor
Is the peak value divided by the rms.
(9)
4.3
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
( )
( )
( )
(10)
C
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
RMS Acceleration
at LCG
154.5
2.6
9.8
0.2
-1.5
-2.6
-41.2
-85.3
23.0
RMS Acceleration at
Bow
291.6
4.9
17.8
0.3
-2.8
-4.9
-77.2
-155.6
43.0
(12)
An example to illustrate how the model data may be used
to determine full-scale seakeeping performance and
assessment against the EU directive on whole body
vibration [2] is given below:
The example given is for a full scale vessel similar to
model C2 with a length of 15m. This results in a scale
factor of =7.5. The vessel has a design speed of 65
knots.
DESIGN APPLICATIONS
(11)
VDVfull=25.78 ms-1.75
5) The time to exceed the 8 hour daily exposure
limit, given in the EU directive [2], of 21 ms-1.75
is then calculated from equation 12:
CONCLUSIONS
[2]
REFERENCES
W. ENSIGN, J. A. HODGDON, W. K.
PRUSACZYK, D. SHAPIRO, and M. LIPTON,
'A Survey of Self-Reported injuries Among
Special Boat Operators', Naval Health Research
Center, Report No. 00-48, 2000.
'DIRECTIVE
2002/44/EC
OF
THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 on the minimum
health and safety requirements regarding the
exposure of workers to the risks arising from
physical agents [vibration) [sixteenth individual
Directive within the meaning of Article 16[1) of
Directive 89/391/EEC)'. Council of European
Union, Ed., 2002.
[3]
G. FRIDSMA, 'A systematic study of the roughwater performance of planing boats', Stevens
Institute of Technology, Report No. 1275, 1969.
[4]
G. FRIDSMA, 'A systematic study of the roughwater performance of planing boats [Irregular
Waves - Part II)', Stevens Institute of
Technology, Report No. 1495, 1971.
[5]
[6]
[8]
G. J. GRIGOROPOULOS, S. HARRIES, D. P.
DAMALA, L. BIRK, and J. HEIMANN,
'Seakeeping
assessment
for
high-speed
monohulls - A comparative study.', Int. Marine
Design Conf. IMDC, Volume 1, pp. 137-148,
2003.
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
General
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
Series
Series 65[7]
Series 62[6]
Metcalf et al.[8]
Fridsma[8,10]
Zarnick[11]
Southampton
[present work)
L/B
3.2-9.26
2.32-9.28
2.0 -7.0
3.24 4.47
4-6
7,9
3.7 6.2
14.8-27.9
16.3-30.4
12.5
16.61, 20
10-30
10-30
22.5
CV
0 - 3.03
0 - 1.432
0.087-4.116
0.28 2.634
0 - 4.0
1.57 3.15
1.75 6.77
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
1
9
12
6
81
16
140 239 73
27
848 303 82
869 1020 257 66
804 2870 686 242 112
3913 3514 736 257 109
3
4
5
6
7
Zero Crossing Period [s]
8
13
21
52
37
8
3
3
15
34
9
9
1
10
20
2
10
Number of recordings=17520
Table 4: Wave statistics compiled from directional waverider buoys in and around the Solent, U.K. for 12 months from March 2006.
[Locations included: Boscombe, Hayling Island, Milford-on-Sea, Sandown Bay, Weymouth and Rustington].
Configuration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Model
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
C1
C1
C1
C2
C2
C2
C2
C4
C4
C4
C4
C5
C5
C5
C5
CV
3.53
5.7
6.8
6.8
3.2
5.16
6.24
6.16
6.16
6.16
3.19
2.94
4.71
5.67
5.67
5.67
5.67
5.67
2.94
2.74
4.44
5.29
5.29
2.74
2.74
2.74
2.94
4.71
5.67
2.94
4.71
5.67
5.67
2.94
4.71
5.67
5.67
2.94
4.71
5.67
5.67
H1/3
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.046
0.092
0.092
0.184
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.046
0.138
0.046
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.184
0.184
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
T
1.72
1.72
1.72
2.57
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
2.57
2.57
2.57
2.57
2.57
1.72
2.57
2.57
2.57
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
2.57
1.72
2.57
2.57
2.57
2.57
2.57
2.57
2.57
2.57
1.72
2.57
2.57
2.57
1.72
2.57
2.57
2.57
1.72
Gyy
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Heave Maxima
Heave Minima
Pitch Maxima
Pitch Minima
Az
Mean
RMS
Mean
RMS
Mean
RMS
Mean
RMS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
0.024
0.020
0.018
0.028
0.027
0.029
0.037
0.023
0.037
0.060
0.072
0.038
0.039
0.051
0.029
0.024
0.069
0.024
0.031
0.028
0.034
0.053
0.036
0.047
0.080
0.039
0.030
0.045
0.048
0.032
0.036
0.040
0.035
0.037
0.039
0.048
0.046
0.036
0.051
0.061
0.033
0.032
0.027
0.025
0.036
0.035
0.041
0.050
0.030
0.050
0.076
0.096
0.052
0.056
0.068
0.043
0.033
0.094
0.033
0.040
0.036
0.049
0.063
0.044
0.068
0.101
0.046
0.036
0.057
0.058
0.040
0.045
0.052
0.045
0.048
0.052
0.061
0.057
0.045
0.059
0.073
0.046
0.079
0.172
0.146
0.025
0.000
0.161
0.114
0.042
0.114
0.069
0.111
0.120
0.139
0.130
0.200
0.097
0.190
0.097
0.101
0.108
0.167
0.114
0.042
0.063
0.130
0.070
0.026
0.114
0.043
0.053
0.028
0.036
0.094
0.107
0.075
0.083
0.036
0.107
0.029
0.000
0.103
-0.022
-0.020
-0.019
-0.028
-0.026
-0.030
-0.037
-0.021
-0.037
-0.061
-0.075
-0.036
-0.040
-0.055
-0.032
-0.025
-0.080
-0.025
-0.030
-0.027
-0.034
-0.050
-0.038
-0.048
-0.073
-0.041
-0.027
-0.047
-0.052
-0.030
-0.040
-0.044
-0.038
-0.035
-0.042
-0.051
-0.048
-0.034
-0.050
-0.061
-0.033
0.025
0.021
0.021
0.031
0.029
0.032
0.041
0.023
0.041
0.068
0.082
0.043
0.045
0.058
0.036
0.031
0.087
0.031
0.032
0.029
0.037
0.061
0.041
0.053
0.081
0.050
0.036
0.051
0.058
0.037
0.045
0.050
0.041
0.042
0.047
0.057
0.052
0.040
0.056
0.066
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.025
0.015
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.017
0.037
0.079
0.028
0.000
0.033
0.033
0.000
0.033
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.114
0.000
0.061
0.000
0.057
0.165
0.000
0.000
0.065
0.000
0.037
0.000
0.027
0.025
0.000
0.000
0.014
0.029
0.000
0.036
0.531
0.390
0.331
0.457
0.507
0.381
0.346
0.301
0.346
0.520
0.980
1.273
1.259
2.229
0.894
0.795
1.602
0.795
1.252
0.496
0.411
0.971
0.600
0.705
0.901
1.508
1.223
1.329
1.142
1.240
1.402
1.419
1.426
1.562
1.322
1.070
1.300
1.166
1.706
1.382
0.970
0.709
0.502
0.497
0.575
0.605
0.488
0.547
0.374
0.547
0.671
2.009
2.654
1.530
2.833
1.217
1.007
1.874
1.007
1.473
0.594
0.553
1.327
0.791
0.957
1.118
1.912
1.465
1.633
1.393
1.498
1.587
1.658
1.809
1.878
1.709
1.341
1.568
2.212
1.943
1.563
1.399
0.145
0.148
0.154
0.122
0.029
0.132
0.176
0.042
0.176
0.114
0.182
0.215
0.051
0.042
0.120
0.069
0.043
0.069
0.065
0.078
0.106
0.093
0.106
0.069
0.208
0.135
0.076
0.125
0.111
0.048
0.000
0.107
0.063
0.053
0.150
0.077
0.034
0.236
0.029
0.000
0.077
-0.548
-0.414
-0.385
-0.545
-0.566
-0.428
-0.428
-0.277
-0.428
-0.652
-1.266
-2.056
-1.335
-2.929
-1.363
-0.941
-1.239
-0.941
-1.414
-0.546
-0.483
-1.492
-0.749
-0.941
-1.227
-1.912
-1.419
-1.611
-1.287
-1.387
-1.563
-1.915
-1.864
-1.867
-1.628
-1.318
-1.310
-1.860
-2.200
-1.431
-1.287
0.744
0.461
0.513
0.598
0.635
0.485
0.595
0.390
0.595
1.052
2.253
3.039
1.755
3.767
3.067
1.087
2.203
1.087
1.570
0.629
0.626
2.039
0.940
1.107
1.433
2.245
1.704
1.790
1.507
1.732
1.780
3.133
3.808
2.231
1.834
1.906
1.933
2.750
2.694
2.188
1.811
0.145
0.018
0.128
0.000
0.029
0.000
0.147
0.167
0.147
0.157
0.273
0.165
0.053
0.125
0.160
0.034
0.261
0.034
0.011
0.046
0.128
0.070
0.064
0.033
0.000
0.014
0.051
0.026
0.037
0.072
0.027
0.071
0.125
0.039
0.025
0.111
0.107
0.159
0.000
0.120
0.080
1.974
2.786
2.675
2.236
1.716
3.267
3.544
2.890
3.544
1.684
1.269
1.657
1.538
1.864
1.644
2.810
2.043
2.810
1.577
1.728
2.601
3.565
1.472
1.253
1.416
1.347
2.318
1.666
2.005
1.706
1.707
3.114
3.590
1.326
2.750
1.640
3.906
1.766
2.254
1.991
2.773
4.615
7.564
9.921
7.624
5.852
6.825
6.818
3.825
6.818
10.819
9.959
3.094
6.636
11.560
11.874
2.879
13.063
2.879
5.475
4.090
5.016
5.567
12.335
11.924
7.227
3.344
1.620
7.415
9.101
2.344
6.208
5.326
6.937
3.577
4.448
10.612
5.306
2.579
4.887
10.047
6.590
Bz
1.554
2.899
2.964
1.359
1.044
2.305
3.321
2.100
3.321
1.327
1.153
1.095
1.461
1.148
1.888
1.780
0.700
1.780
1.060
1.267
2.000
1.458
1.695
1.052
1.171
1.225
1.458
1.138
1.433
1.354
1.209
1.501
2.020
1.073
1.913
1.005
1.221
1.441
1.266
1.732
2.775
18.430
19.889
21.319
31.010
27.601
23.205
15.432
13.552
15.432
29.169
29.974
13.355
19.565
38.674
27.162
12.864
77.727
12.864
24.211
16.655
17.735
26.223
19.778
35.540
23.770
10.293
7.555
28.501
30.501
9.034
25.175
26.636
30.469
13.219
19.202
38.385
39.094
8.926
22.189
23.107
15.133
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Duration
[s]
34.39
21.94
14.6
19.42
31.73
20.73
13.36
8.98
13.36
28.19
16.84
47.63
17.73
11.06
10.25
11.8
10.9
11.8
47.54
34.67
22.32
25.95
23.44
17.44
16.98
46.87
47.26
18.11
11.29
47.65
17.26
11.68
11.62
46.71
18.34
10.97
12.33
47.54
18.3
11.27
11.2
Weighting
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Crest factor
7.61
4.64
4.75
5.32
5.56
4.72
4.27
3.9
4.27
5.33
5.79
7.23
4.55
4.18
4.11
3.47
4.97
3.47
7.38
7.85
4.79
4.06
4.27
5.55
6.75
4.9
4.31
5.33
4.26
4.24
3.91
3.32
3.74
6.19
4.29
4.49
4.02
5.11
4.25
4.22
4
LCG
RMSw
4.79
8.48
9.42
7.73
4.94
8.82
9.3
5.72
9.3
8.29
5.57
2.96
5.76
8.51
8.48
5.06
9.07
5.06
4.32
3.88
6.48
8.11
7.96
6.42
4.84
2.67
2.36
6.17
7.92
2.6
6.22
8.09
9.59
2.93
6.37
7.93
8.43
2.58
5.89
7.66
7.46
RMQw
7.83
12.51
13.51
11.19
7.69
12.85
13.05
7.98
13.05
12.25
9.09
5
8.62
12.65
12.39
6.85
13.91
6.85
6.96
6.64
9.27
11.06
11.27
10.5
8.79
4.02
3.26
9.34
11.71
3.59
8.7
10.84
13.18
4.64
9.23
11.82
11.78
3.74
8.59
10.62
10.4
Crest factor
5.95
4.74
4.28
5.08
5.69
4.48
4.58
4.66
4.58
5.33
6.12
7.63
5.12
5.24
4.49
3.94
6.62
3.94
5.63
6.33
4.42
5.4
4.39
6.83
6.07
5.07
4.87
4.53
4.24
5.27
4.61
3.74
4.16
6.84
4.32
3.96
5.01
6.42
5.12
4.33
5.37
Bow
RMSw
10.67
15.75
16.33
14.84
11.15
16.42
15.86
11.1
15.86
14.62
11.65
7.31
12.05
15.38
15.08
10.67
18.32
10.67
10.44
9.91
13.22
14.87
14.26
14.39
10.95
6.6
6.33
13.15
15.48
6.58
13.19
16
18.78
7.65
13.91
15.24
16.75
6.27
12.04
14.45
12.82
RMQw
17.13
24.58
24.73
23.41
18.29
24.72
22.63
16.75
22.63
23.16
20.05
12.89
19.22
24.58
22.75
15.73
31.57
15.73
16.58
16.89
19.91
22.74
20.64
24.2
19.67
10.42
9.4
20.18
23.16
10.01
19.83
22.81
27.28
13.08
20.71
22.81
25.16
9.85
19.1
22.14
19.75
Model A
Model B
Model C
Model D
Model C1
Model C2
200
175
150
125
100 75
50 25
200
175
150
125
100 75
50 25
200
175
150
125 100 75
50 25
Figure 3: Example wave spectra obtained from a probe mounted on the carriage, a static probe in the tank and the ideal spectrum.
Full scale JONSWAP Tz=6s, H1/3=0.5m, [Tz=2.57s, H1/3=0.09m model scale).
Figure 15: Example distribution of vertical accelerations minima at LCG, run configuration 12
Figure 16: Example distribution of vertical acceleration minima at the bow, run configuration 12
Figure 17: Linear regression model of Cv and L/1/3 on RMS vertical accelerations at LCG [m/s2].
Figure 18: Linear regression model of Cv and L/1/3 on RMS vertical accelerations at the bow [m/s2].
Figure 20: Influence of Wave height H1/3 on the RMS acceleration of model C.