THE LIVING ORGANISMS & THEIR SURROUNDINGS

1. List the features of a lion, which help to make it a hunter of the grasslands
2. How is a camel adapted to life in a desert?
3. Compare the roots and leaves of plant on land and an aquatic plant.
4. How is a fish adapted to life in water?
5. What are the features of cactus plant that help it to flourish in desert?
6. How do animals like rats and snakes survive in a desert?

Things, which do not grow, move, or respond are called non-living things.

Things that grow, breathe, and respond are called living things.

PROPERTIES OF LIVING THINGS

(a) All living things grow: Infant grows into a child, Plants grow from seeds, Puppies
grow into dogs, and kittens grow into cats.

(b) All living things can move: Living things move from place to place in search of
food is called Locomotion

(c) All living things need food to live: Living things eat food to get energy to live.

(d) All living things Respire: Living things eat and digest foods that get oxidized in
body to release energy. This process is called Respiration. Respiration occurs inside
body. Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in living body is called breathing.
Breathing occur outside the body. Plant breath through stomata and animal through
nose. Small animal and microbes exchange gases by diffusion.

(e) All living things reproduce: Living things can produce young one of similar kinds.
This process is called reproduction. Some animal give birth to young ones like dog,
cow; Some animal lay eggs like bird, hen ; Plant grow from seeds ,stem and root etc.

(f) All living things respond: Living things can respond against touch, heat, light and
gravity called stimulus. Change in our surrounding that make living things respond
to them, are called stimuli. Touch me not plant show response to touch and its
leaves hang down.

(g) All living things are made up of different kinds of cells. Group of cell is called
tissue. Group of tissue is called organ. A group of organs is called organ system that
work together to keep our body live.

(h) Living things excrete: Living Things throw waste outside body like sweat, urine,
faeces. This process is called excretion. Plants excrete gum, leaves, latex etc

Q. What is habitat?

Answer: The surroundings where plants and animals live, is called their habitat. The
presence of specific features, which enable a plant or an animal to live in particular
habitat, is called adaptation.

Q. Which organism grow throw their lives

Ans: Plants

Q. What do living organism produce when oxygen combine with food?

Ans: Energy and carbon dioxide

Q. Name the process of giving out waste from body

Ans: Excretion

Q. What is the time within which a living thing stays alive?

Ans: life span

Q. what is by product of respiration?

Ans: Carbon dioxide

Q. what is similarity of cell and an atom of matter?

Ans: Both are structural units.

Q. Name a plant that shows response to stimulus?

Ans: Touch me not and sunflower

Q. State any two similarities between living and non living?

Ans: Both are made up of matter and have structural unit .

Q. what are the factors on which growth of living things depends on?

Ans: Growth in living things depends on: Food, climate, environment and life style

Q. List the way in which living and non living respond to external stimuli?

Ans: Living things respond to light, heat, smell, pain etc. We cry when any one prick
to us. leaves of plant wither in hot day, Leaves and stem of plant grow towards
light.non living thins change shape and size on heating or cooling.

Q. Discuss different way ways by which living things reproduce?

Ans: See topic: All living things reproduce

Q. How can you prove that CO2 is by product of respiration?

Ans: We take lime water Ca (OH)2 in a beaker. Blow some air to mouth though a
straw. Lime tun milky that shows presence of carbon dioxide.

Q. Why do root of plant grow in soil?

Ans: Root of plant show response to the earth gravity and grow in soil to get water
and mineral.

Q. Fire consume oxygen, moves from one place to other and respond to stimuli. Is
fire living .Justify

Ans: no fire is not living things as it is not made up of living cells

Q. On what factors weather forecasting is done?

Ans: Climate , Distance from sun, wind speed any thousands of other factors

Q. How does exchange of gases take place in an earthworm?

Ans: Exchange of gases in an earthworm takes place through its moist skin.

6th science: Living things , Their habbitate and adoptation

The surroundings where organisms live naturally are called its habitat.
Plants and animals have special features that help them to survive in their own habitat
Habitat can be terrestrial or aquatic.
Terrestrial habitat: the land where all plants and animals survive is called territorial habitat .For
example: deserts, forests and grasslands, as well as coastal and mountain regions. Camels and
cactus plants live in deserts only.
Aquatic habitat: The water where plants and animals survive is known as
aquatichabitat like rivers, ponds, lakes, ocean and swamps. For example, fish live in water.
Adaptation: Plants and animals develop certain habits that help them survive in their
surroundings, and this is known as adaption.
Acclimatization: The small adjustments by the body to overcome small changes in the
surrounding atmosphere for a short period of time are called acclimatization.
Biotic and Abiotic components: These are living and non living components of a habitat .
Biotic components include all the livings organisms in a habitat like plants and animals .it is
further classified into producers ,consumers , scavengers and decompose
Abiotic components include all the non-living things in a habitat like air, water, soil, sunlight and
heat.
Q. What is the name for food producer?

Ans: Autotrophs.
Q. Is desert habitat terrestrial or aquatic?

Ans: terrestrial
Q. What is the term used to describe the response of plant and animals to light?
Ans: Photo tropism
Q. What we name the Plants growing in dry desert area ?
Ans: Xerophytes
Q. What is decomposer?
Ans: Organism that feed on the dead and decay remains of plants and animal is called decomposer.

Eg. Microorganism like bacteria and fungi.

Q. How are decomposes helpful to us?
Ans: Decomposer help to break down dead plants and animal into organic matter that increase
fertility of soil .
Q. What are scavengers?
Ans: Living organism feed on dead animals helps to clean environment are called scavengers like
vulture, crow , jackal etc.
Q. What type of consumer are carnivores?
Ans: Secondary consumer as the feed indirectly on plants for example tiger , lions, wolves etc
Q. State any two flight adaptation seen in areal animals?
Ans: Two flight adaptations seen in areal animals are: (a) Body modified like boat to minimize air
resistance
(b) The limbs are modified into wings
Q. Define: (a) Epiphytes (b) Pneumatic bones (c) Nictitating membrane
Ans: (a) Roots of some plants like Spanish moss and some fern grow on other plants or tree to get
sunlight is known as Epiphytes.
(b)The animals that can fly have hollow bones that are called Pneumatic bones. Like bones of birds
(c) The membrane that protect eyes of fish under water is called Pneumatic bones
Q. What are the adoptation seen in desert plants?
Ans: The adaptations seen in desert animals are:
(a) Store extra water in their body
(b) Lives in deep borrow
(c) Try to avoid body contact with hot ground
(d) Having long eye lash to protect eyes from sand
Q. How does temperature affect plants and animals?
Ans: Temperature affects the structure of leaves and stem of plants. Temperature affectsthe
colouration of some birds and animals. Temperature also affects the size and body parts of animals.
Q. Biotic and abiotic component are dependants on each other Explain?
Ans: Animals depends on plants for food. Plants depend on light, air, soil and water for preparation
of food. Therefore, biotic components directly or indirectly depend on abiotic components.
Decomposers break down dead biotic components into organic matter that enrich soil.

Photosynthesis help to maintain balance of gases in air and water in nature.

Q.What we call the plants that grow in moist habitat?
Ans: Mesophytes
Q. what is the meaning of oviparous and viviparous
Ans: Oviparous are those animals which lay eggs example- crow, lizard where as viviparous are those
animals which do not lay eggs and give birth to young ones for example- lion, dog.
Q. How is a cactus adapted to survive in a desert?
Ans: Cactus has a waxy surface with lots of water in it. it also has thorns to prevent loss of water.
This is how it lives in the desert. it also lives just because of its thick fleshy stem.
Q. What is acclimisation?
Ans: The small problems some time occur in the body of organism over short period , The process of
overcoming small changes in the surroundings is called acclimisation.
Q. How do plants and animals adapt themselves?
Ans: Plants and animals adapt themselves to different surroundings with the help
ofadaptive features they have. For Example: Presence of wings, flight muscles and a stream-lined
body helps birds in flight. Birds also have hallow bones that make their body light. Presence of fur on
the body of the polar bear which protects it from the cold temperature.
Q. Write two adaptive features in frog which help them to stay both of them water and land.
Ans: Frogs have moist skin for exchange of gases in water and they have lungs to breath in air
Q. Give reasons:
(a) Why are deep sea worms blind?
(b) Why are some marine creatures living in the deep sea give out light of there of own? (c) Why the
upper surface of the leaves of lotus have a thick cuticle ?
Ans: a. As we move deep into seas and oceans the amount of light or the visibility decreases. Deep
sea worms are blind because of the lack of requirement. Some worms have large eyes but those are
not for the purpose of seeing. These worms have developed strong sense of smell to encounter these
problems.
b. Since there is lack of light in deep seas, some organisms can give out light to assist them in finding
their way in the dark. This also helps them in finding prey to feed on and can also be used to find a
mating partner.
C. Lotus is an aquatic plant. The leaves of the lotus plant have a thick waxy cuticle that helps in
repelling water and keeps the stomata open so that water transport occurs effectively in plant
Q. why do cockroaches hide their face when sunlight falls on them?

Ans: Cockroaches have some light receptors cells in their eyes which cannot tolerate the high
intensity light. This is the reason why they run toward darker areas during sunlight.

CBSE_NCERT_6th science study material: Chapter:

Habitat
1. Q. What is habitat?
Ans: A place where living things live naturally is known as habitat (Home). For example:
(i)Aquatic habitat refers to the water where plants and animals survive like pond, river,
sea (in water),
(ii) Terrestrial habitat: It refers to the land where all plants and animals survive. It
includes deserts, forests and grasslands, as well as coastal and mountain regions

2. Q. What are the Components (Parts) of Habitat?

Ans: There are two main components of habitat
(a) Biotic Components: Living things present in a habitat are called biotic component
like plants , animals and micro organism.
(b) Abiotic Components: All the non-living things present in a habitat is called abiotic
components like air water soil rocks, sunlight and heat etc.

3.Q. How biotic and abiotic components depend on each other?

Ans: Biotic and abiotic components in a habitat depend on each other for survival for
example plants need sunlight and for photo synthesis and animal need oxygen for
respiration.

4.Q. Why are green plants called producers?

Ans: Because plants provide food to all animal and non- green plants

5.Q. Why are non-green plants animals are called consumers?

Ans: Because non-green plants animals are directly or indirectly eat food prepared by
plants.

6.Q. How do scavengers help to clean environments?

Ans: Scavengers are those animals that feed (eat) on dead animals or plants and help to
keep environment clean.

7.Q. Why micro organisms are called decomposers?

Ans: A very tiny living organism that cannot be seen by necked eyes is called micro
organisms like bacteria and fungi.
Micro organisms feed on dead and decaying organic matter and break them into
nutrients that are used by plants so they are called decomposers.

8. Q. what is photo tropism?

Ans: Plants and animals show movements towards light is called photo tropism. Shot
move towards light called positive photo tropism and root move against light called
negative photo tropism.

9. Q. What we call animal that are active during night ?

Ans: Nocturnal like owl, bat, cockroach etc.

10.Q. Which bacteria help to use nitrogen fixed in soil to plants?

Ans: Rizobium

11.Q.What is adaptations?

Ans: Living organism modifies themselves according to different types of habitat called
adaptations.

12. Q. Distinguish between herbivores and carnivores?

Ans: Herbivores feed on plants where as carnivores feed on flesh of other animals.

13. Q. State any two flight adaptation in aerial animals?

Ans: (i) Having streamline body shape that protect from wind

(Ii) Having hollow bones called pneumatic bones

14.Q. How does temperature affect plants and animals?

Ans. (i) Leaves and stem of plants wither (ii) Skin change into dark colour (iii) Affect
size of animals

15.Q. What is the role of light on plants?

Ans: (i) Help in photosynthesis

(ii) Help in fruit and flower developments (iii) Help in

growth of plants
12. Q. Distinguish between herbivores and carnivores?

Ans: Herbivores feed on plants where as carnivores feed on flesh of other animals.
13. Q. State any two flight adaptation in aerial animals?
Ans: 1.Hhaving streamline body shape that protect from wind
2. Having hollow bones called pneumatic bones
14.Q. How does temperature affect plants and animals?
Ans.
(i) Leaves and stem of plants wither
(ii) Skin change into dark colour
(iii) Affect size of animals
15.Q. What is the role of light on plants?
Ans:
(i) Help in photosynthesis
(ii) Help in fruit and flower developments
(iii) Help in growth of plants
16. Q.What types of adaptation seen in desert habitat?
Ans: (i) store water in body

(ii) Use less water to survive

(iii) Keep away from hot place

(iv) live in deep borrow

17.Q. How biotic and abiotic components depend on each other?

Ans: Plants depends on sunlight and air for food. Animal depends on air and water for to
live. Decompose dead part of living organism and convert into organic matter that
develop soil fertility. Plants also maintain purity of atmosphere.
18. Q. What is the difference between a predator and a prey?

Ans: A predator is an animal that eats other animal, whereas a prey is an animal that is
eaten by a predator.
19. Q.How is a cactus adapted to survive in a desert?
Ans: cactus has a waxy surface to store water. It also has thorns to reduce loss of water.
It also have thick, fleshy stem.
20. Q. What is acclimisation?
Ans: Small changes that take place in body of single organism over short period to
overcome the small problems due to change in surrounding is called acclimisation.
21. Q. Give reasons: Why are deep sea worms blind?
Ans: As we move deep into seas and oceans the amount of light or the visibility
decreases. Deep sea worms are blind because of the lack of requirement. Some worms
have large eyes but those are not for the purpose of seeing . These worms have
developed strong sense of smell to encounter these problems.
22. Q. Give reasons: Why are some marine creatures living in the deep sea give out
light of thereof own?
Ans: Since there is lack of light in deep seas, some organisms can give out light to assist
them in finding their way in the dark.This also helps them in finding prey to feed on and
can also be used to find a mating partner.
23. Q. Give reasons: Why the upper surface of the leaves of lotus have a thick cuticle ?
Ans: Lotus is an aquatic plant. The leaves of the lotus plant have a thick waxy cuticle
that helps in repelling water and keeps the stomata open so that water transport
occurs effectively in plant.
24. Q. why do cockroaches hide as soon as the light is switched on?
Ans: Cockroaches cannot tolerate the high intensity light as they have some light
receptors in their eyes.

25. Q. Give two examples of non-living things which show any two characteristics of
living things.
Ans: Non-living things such as clouds grow in size and also move from one place to
another. Another non-living thing that shows two of the characteristics of living things is
a car which needs fuel (food) to function and also moves from one place

Fill in the blanks : Chapter:Habitat

(i)In the sea plants and animal surrounded by -------------------------(saline water)
(ii) The place where living beings live is called their -------------(Habitat)
(iii) In Cactus plant, ---------------are reduced to spines (Leaves)
(iv) Global warming increases the concentration of ------in the atmosphere(carbon
dioxide)
(v) ------------are examples for Decomposers (Bacteria and fungus)
(vi) Living component of a habitat is called as -------------- (Biotic)
(vii) Anything which produce and response in an organism is called as -----------(Stimulus)
(viii) A potted plant is kept in a card board box with a small slit of sun light exhibits ----Movement
Phototrophic)
(ix) If we blow through lime water it turns milky. This proves that exhaled air contains
------ (carbon
dioxide)
(x)-------- are plants that grow in dry desert area (Xerophytes)
(xi)--------- are plants that grow in moist area (Mesophytes)
(xii) )--------- are plants that grow in soil rich in salt (helophytes)
(xiii) ---- help in pollination and seed dispersal (wind)
(xiv)--------- are plants that best grow in full sunlight (heliophytes)
(xv) --------- are plants that best grow in low sunlight (sciophytes)
(xvi) Roots are ---------------phototropic (negatively)
(xvii) Earthworms breathe through their ---------------( moist skin)
(xviii) ------are those animals which can live on land and also in water (Amphibians)
(xix) ------ is an example of a non moveable animal .( coral)
(xx) -------are those animals which lay eggs example- crow, lizard (Oviparous)
(xxi) -------are those animals which do not lay eggs & give birth to young ones for
example- lion, dog.
viviparous)

(xxii) ---------- habitat comes under aquatic habitat (Marine)

(xxiii) _________are certain changes in the surroundings that cause an organism to
respond to them. Stimuli)
(xxiv) -------------- help aquatic animal to float in water { Aerenchyma (air spaces in their
bodies)}
(xxv) Some fungi grow in soils of burnt areas called -----------------. (Pyrophilous)

CBSE_NCERT_6th Science: MCQ: Living Organism and

their Surroundings
1. The place where living beings live is called their Habitat
2.

In Cactus plant, Leaves are reduced to spines

3.

Singhara is an example of _______________

4.

Global warming increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

5.

Science of study of living things is called Biology

6.

Bacteria and fungus are examples for Decomposers

7.

A microscopic plant which can move in water is Chlamydomonas

8.

Plant waste given out in the form of thick fluid is called as Latex

9.

Growth in living things is permanent & irreversible

10. The process of producing energy by the break down of food is called Respiration
11. Minute pores present in the leaves which help in exchange of gases are
called Stomata
12. The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms are called as Cells
13. Hydrilla is an example for Submerged Hydrophyte
14. Living component of a habitat is called as Biotic
15. Heterotrophs are organisms which cannot prepare their food.
16. Anything which produce and response in an organism is called as Stimulus

17. An example for unicellular organism is Yeast

18. Life cycle of a living organism begins with Birth
19. Wind dispersed seeds have wings & hair
20. Adaptation found in palm and coconut trees is Leaves become needle shape
21. Buffaloes are often found near ponds because they cool themselves in the pond
22. A potted plant is kept in a card board box with a small slit of sun light
exhibits Phototraphic movement
23. If we blow through lime water it turns milky. This proves that exhaled air contains
carbon dioxide
24. We move our hand immediately, if we touch the hot object. In this which is
stimulus hand
25. Dolphins and whales breathe through Blowholes