Chem 122/126 Spring 2014 First Common

Part I (4 points each)

1. For the reaction: 3BrO aq BrO3 aq 2Br aq , what is the rate of reaction, if [BrO- ]/t = -0.12 M/min?
a. -0.12 M/min

b. 0.12 M/min
1 BrO
1 0.12 M
rate of reaction

0.04 M / min
c. 0.06 M/min
3
t
3 min
d. 0.04 M/min
e. 0.36 M/min
2. Suppose for the above reaction, under different conditions, the initial concentration of BrO- is 0.51 M. Twentyone seconds later its concentration is 0.15 M. What is the average rate of change of Br- concentration?
a. -0.017 M/s
BrO 0.15 0.51M
b. 0.017 M/s

0.0171
t
21s
c. 0.026 M/s

d. 0.011 M/s
1 BrO 1 Br Br
2 BrO
2
rate
of
reaction

0.0171 0.011Ms 1
e. 0.034 M/s
3
t
2 t
t
3
t
3
3. For the reaction A(g) + 2B(g) C(g) + D(g), the following experimental data
were obtained for the rate. What is the overall order of reaction?
a. 0
From runs 1 and 2, doubling A at constant B, quatruples the rate.
b. 1
So the rate of reaction with respect to A is 2nd order. From runs
c. 2.5
1 and 3, changing B at constantA has no effect. So, the rate of
d. 2
reaction is 0 order with respect to B. Over all order = 2+0 =2.
e. 3
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Run [A] (M) [B] (M) Rate (M/min)

1

0.025

0.20

2.2

0.050

0.20

8.8

0.025

0.40

2.2

For the above reaction, what is the rate constant, k?

3,500 M-1min-1
rate 8.8M / min
2
180 min-1
rate of reaction k A ; k

3520 3,500M 1 min 1

2
2
-2
-1
A 0.05M
180 M min
180 M-1min-1
2.8x10-4 min-1

5. Suppose the rate of reaction is second order for A B + C. What is the approximate concentration of A (in M)
after 55 s if [A]o = 0.80 M and k = 0.035 M-1s-1
a. 0.1 M
1
1
1
3.175
M
b. 0.2 M

kt
0.035M 1s 1 55s
; A
0.31M
A
A
0.8
M
M
3.175
o
c. 0.3 M
d. 0.4 M
e. 0.6 M

6. For a certain reaction at 220C, when the natural log of the reactant concentration is plotted against the time a
straight line is obtained whose slope is -0.0016s-1. The initial reactant concentration is 0.80 M. What is the
concentration after 7.5 min?
a. 0.2 M
The reaction is first order. So, ln A ln Ao kt and k slope
b. 0.4 M
c. 0.3 M
0.0016 60s 7.5min
ln A ln 0.8
x
x
0.943; A e 0.943 0.39 M
d. 0.7 M
s
min
1
e. 0.8 M

Chem 122/126 Spring 2014 First Common

7. Suppose the half-life is 9.5 s for a first order reaction and the reactant concentration is 0.084 M 26 s after the
reaction starts. Approximately how many seconds after the start of the reaction does it take for the reactant
concentration to decrease to 0.021 M?
a. 20
ln 2 ln 2
k

0.0730s 1. ln A ln Ao kt;
b. 25
t1/2 9.5s
c. 30
ln Ao ln A ln 0.084 ln 0.021
t

19 s; total time = 19+26 = 45s

d. 40
k
0.730s 1
e. 45
8. An enzyme catalyst lowers the activation energy for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide from 72 kJ/mol to
28 kJ/mol. Calculate the factor by which the rate of reaction increases at 300 K, assuming that everything else is
unchanged. In other words, about how many times faster is the reaction?
28,000 J 8.31 J 300 K
a. 5x101

/
x

Eacat / RT
2
b. 5x10
kcat Ae
e mol mol K 1
Ea / RT
Rate of reaction k Ae
;

72,000 J 8.31J 300 K 4.6 x107

c. 5x104
Ea / RT

/
x
k
Ae

mol
1
mol K
d. 5x105
e
7
e. 5x10

9. Ammonia can be produced by the following reaction: N 2 g 3H 2 g 2 NH 3 g . Suppose 150 torr of nitrogen
are mixed with 300 torr of hydrogen. What is the approximate pressure of the nitrogen when the total pressure 370
torr?
N 2 g 3H 2 g 2 NH 3 g
Ptot P PH 2 PNH 3 150 x 300 3x 2 x 450 2 x 370
a. 110 torr
I 150
300
0
b. 90 torr
x 40
c. 40 torr
C
-x
-3x
+2x
P 150 x 110torr
d. 120 torr
E 150-x 300-3x
2x
e. 130 torr
N2

N2

10. Consider the balanced equation: 3A + 2B 3C + D. 4.0 mol A are mixed with 3.0 mol B at an elevated
temperature. After 2.5 mol of A have reacted, how much B is left?
a. 0.9 mol
2.5molA 2molB
b. 1.3 mol
x
1.7mol B used ; 3 1.7 1.3mol B left
1
3molA
c. 1.5 mol
d. 1.6 mol
e. 1.7 mol
11. What is the equilibrium expression for the water-gas shift reaction at 70 oC: CO(g) + H2O(l)
a. K eq

CO2 H 2
CO H 2O

b. K eq

CO H 2O
CO2 H 2

c. K eq

CO2 H 2
CO

CO2(g) + H2(g)?

Chem 122/126 Spring 2014 First Common

12. Consider the reaction: A(g) + 3B(g)
3C(g) + 2D(g). In a 3.00 L container the reactants and products are at
equilibrium. There are 0.20 mol A, 0.40 mol B, 1.7 mol C, and 0.50 mol D. What is the equilibrium constant, KC?
3
2
a. 3.5 mol/L
1.7mol 0.5mol
3
2
b. 32 mol/L
C D 3L 3L 32mol /L
K

C
c. 96 mol/L
A B 3 0.2mol 0.4mol 3
d. 96

3L 3L
e. 11
13. A 20.0 L reaction container is charged with 0.60 mol of NOBr, which decomposes at a certain temperature
according to the following reaction: NOBr(g)
NO(g) + 0.5Br2(g). At equilibrium the bromine concentration is
-2
1.0x10 M. What is the approximate value of Kc (units M0.5)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

0.03
1
2
3
5

NOBr o

Br2 0.01M 0.5x; x 0.02M

NO x 0.02M
NOBr 0.03 x 0.01M

0.6mol

0.03M
20 L

NOBr g NO g 0.5Br2 g
I
C

0.03
-x

E 0.03-x

0
+x

0
+0.5x

0.5x

NO Br2
NOBr

0.5

KC

0.02M 0.01M

0.5

0.01M

0.2M 0.5

14. Determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction: Ca(OH)2(s)

Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq), given 0.40 mol of
Ca(OH)2 is placed in 2 L of water and stirred. At equilibrium, at a certain temperature, 0.018 mol of Ca(OH)2
dissolves. (Assume, the volume of the solution is the same as the initial volume of water.)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

3x10-6M3
5x10-6M3
2x10-5M3
>10-4 M3
<10-7 M3

Ca 2

0.018mol
0.009 M ; OH 2 Ca 2 0.018M
2L

Keq Ca 2 OH 0.009 M 0.018M 2.9 x106 M 3

2

15. The equilibrium constant for the reaction below is 0.16 M0.5 at 3000 K. Determine Qc for the conditions given
below and in which direction the reaction goes to obtain equilibrium.
5L container
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

QC = 0.27M0.5; to the left

QC = 0.42M0.5; to the left
QC = 0.60M0.5; to the left
QC = 0.42M0.5; to the right
QC = 0.60M0.5; to the right

CO2 g

CO g 0.5O2 ( g )

0.6mol

0.4mol

0.4mol
CO O2
0.08M , etc.; QC
CO
5L
CO2

0.5

0.8mol

0.08M 0.16M

0.12 M

16. Some C and water vapor react according to the following reaction: C s H 2O g

0.5

0.27 M 0.5

CO g H 2 g .

After equilibrium is obtained, which of the following changes will cause the reaction to shift to the right to make
more product to reestablish equilibrium?
Le Chatelier's Principle. In this case the stess is too little pressure
a. Adding more solid carbon.
when the volume is increased. So, reaction shifts to the right to
b. Adding more carbon monoxide
c. Increasing the volume of the container
increase the pressure.
d. Decreasing the volume of the container
e. Adding an inert gas

Chem 122/126 Spring 2014 First Common

17. This reaction is exothermic: C6 H12O6 s 6O2 g
will increase the equilibrium yield of water.
a. Increasing the volume
b. Decreasing the volume
c. Increasing the temperature
d. Decreasing the temperature
e. Adding more carbon dioxide

6CO2 g 6H 2O l . Predict which of the following

Le Chatelier's Principle. Think of what happens with the

bouncing beads as the average bead energy decreases for
an exothermic process--more move to the lower energy state.

18. Which of the following compounds is soluble in water?

a. Hg(OH)2
b. PbCl2
c. F2O3
d. FeS
e (NH4)3PO4
19. Calculate the approximate solubility of copper (II) iodate in 0.80 M copper (II) nitrate. Ksp is 7.4x10-8 M3. (You
should know that the Ksp must refer to the copper iodate because all nitrate compounds are soluble and strong
electrolytes!)
a. 0.006 mol/L
Cu IO3 2
Cu 2 aq 2 IO3 aq
b. 0.004 mol/L
I
excess
0.8M
0
c. 0.005 mol/L
d. 0.007 mol/L
C
-s
+s
+2s
e. 0.003mol/L
E
excess
0.8+s
2s

K sp Cu 2 IO3 0.8 s 2s 7.4 x108

2

1/2

7.4 x108
s is small. So, s

0.8 x 4

1.52 x104 mol /L

Chem 122/126 Spring 2014 First Common

Part II.
1a. (2 pts) Add and simplify the following elementary reactions to determine the overall hypothetical reaction.

Cl2 2Cl
Cl CO COCl
COCl Cl COCl2

Cl CO COCl

2
2
_________________________________

Cl COCl
1b. (2 pts) What is(are) the intermediate(s)? _______________________________________
1c. (4 pts) What is the rate law for the following proposed mechanism?
k1
Cl2
2Cl

slow step

2f

Cl CO
COCl

fast; equilibrium

k2 r

k3
COCl Cl
COCl2

fast

rate k1 Cl2

1d. (4 pts) What is the rate law for the following proposed mechanism? Do not include intermediates in your final
answer.
k1 f

2Cl
Cl2

fast; equilibrium

k1 r

COCl
Cl CO
k2 f

k2 r

k3
COCl Cl
COCl2

fast; equilibrium
slow

rate k3 COCl Cl
k2 f Cl CO k2 r COCl ;

COCl

k1 f Cl2 k1r Cl ;

k1 f

Cl 2

rate k3 COCl Cl =k3

k3k2 f k1 f
k2 r k1r

k2 f
k2 r

k1r

k2 f
k2 r

Cl CO

Cl2

Cl CO Cl =

k3k2 f

CO Cl2 k CO Cl2 where k

k2 r

CO Cl 2 =

k3k2 f k1 f
k2 r k1r

k3k2 f
k2 r

CO

k1 f
k1r

Cl2

Chem 122/126 Spring 2014 First Common

2a. (4 pts) A 0.55 M aluminum chloride solution is prepared. Sodium hydroxide is added to produce a precipitate.
What is the hydroxide ion concentration when the aluminum ion concentration is 1x10-10 M?

Al OH 3 s

Al 3 aq 3OH aq Ksp 3x1034 M 4

K sp Al 3 OH 3x1034 M 4
1/3

3x1034
3x1034

OH

;
OH

1x1010
Al 3 1x1010

K sp

1.44 x108 M

2b. (4 pts) Consider the formation of hydrogen fluoride: H2(g) + F2(g)

2HF(g). A 6.5 L nickel reaction container
initially contains 0.24 M H2 and 0.18 M F2. The equilibrium constant, Kc, is 8 x 1014. Calculate the molar concentration
of HF at equilibrium.

Because K is very large the reaction essentially goes to completion.

H 2 g F2 g
I 0.24M
C -0.18M
E 0.06M

0.18M
-0.18M
0

2 HF g
0
+0.36M
0.36M

2c. (4 pts) Calculate the molar concentration of F2 at equilibrium for the above reaction and initial conditions.

2
2
2
0.36 M
HF
HF

K
; F2

2.7 x1015 M
14
K H 2 8 x10 0.06
H 2 F2

Chem 122/126 Spring 2014 First Common