Bangladesh

Assignment
BusinessLaw
CourseCode: Bus 361
Assignment on

Submitted to
Fahmida Hasan
Senior lecturer
Department of business administration
East West University

Submitted by
Name--------------------------id
1. Md jafrul Hasan----2011-2-10-202.
2. Omur faruq----------2011-1-13-069.
3. Jubair Hossen-------2011-1-10-436.
4. Md asifuzzaman----2011-2-10-108.
5. Sadia Chowdhury---2010-2-10-262.
6. Kulsum Akhter euna-2010-2-10-088.

Sec:3
Semester:Fall 2014
DepartmentofBusinessAdministration
SubmissionDate: 08-12-2014
East West University
2

Index
Content
Acknowledgement
Letter of transmittal
Index
Introduction
Definition
History
Ethical consideration in business
Factor that affect in business ethics
The 9 theories of ethics
Comparing absolute and relative ethics
Difference between absolute and relative
morality
Business ethics practice in Bangladesh
Ethics practice in different business sector
of Bangladesh
Ethics in consumer perspective
Cheap labor is an advantage or
disadvantage in perspective of ethics
Ethics in buyer perspective
The employment relation in business ethics
International business ethics
Criticism
Business ethics and social responsibility
Importance of ethics
Some principle for ethical business decision
making
Ethical issues that affect the success of a
business
The advantages of ethical behavior in
business
Ethics of production
Ethics in sales and marketing
Some suggestion to practice ethics
Ethics practice in different MNC in
Bangladesh
Ethical Approach

Page
no:4
5
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6-7
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9-10
10
10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13
13-14
14
14-15
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16

ACI, UNILIVER.

16
16-17
17
18-19

-Social development through educational

program
-environment friendly practice

18

- Effective code of business principles

- Women development and women
empowerment

19

Unethical Approach

Finding analysis
Business corruption increase because of
lacking of Ethics
Conclusion
Bibliography

20
20
20
21

Acknowledgement
We are really grateful because we managed to complete our Business Ethics Assignment within
the time given by our respected faculty Fahmida Hasan Mam. This assignment cannot be
completed without the effort and co-operation from our group members, Group members- md
jafrul Hasan, omur faruq, Jubair Hossen, md.asifuzzaman, sadia Chowdhury, kulsum Akhter
Euna.
We also sincerely thank our honor Mam of Bus-361(Bus Law) Fahmida Hasan for the guidance
and encouragement in finishing this assignment and also for teaching us in this course. Last but
not least we would like to express our gratitude to our friends and respondents for the support
and willingness to spend some times with us to fill in the questionnaires.

Letter of transmittal
December 08, 2014
Ms. Fahmida Hasan
Senior lecturer.
Department of Business Administration.
East West University.
Subject: Assignment on business ethics in Bangladesh
Madam,
Here is the Report you asked us to prepare and submit as a part of our course curriculum. We have been
assigned to prepare a Report on business ethics in Bangladesh based on the both primary and secondary
information. Basically this Report focuses on the ethical system of business in Bangladesh. It is a great
pleasure for us to submit this paper.
We have tried our best to make it a good one within given time. Any sort of suggestion regarding this
Report would be gladly appreciated.
Sincerely,

Name

ID

Md. Jarful hasan

0mur faruq
Jubair Hossen
Md. Asifuzzaman
Sadia Chowdhury
Kulsum Akhter Euna

2011-2-10-202
2011-1-13-069
2011-1-10-436
2011-2-10-108
2010-2-10-262
2010-2-10-088

Signature

Introduction
Business ethics is the behavior that a business adheres to in its daily dealings with the world. The ethics
of a particular business can be diverse. They apply not only to how the business interacts with the world
at large, but also to their one-on-one dealings with a single customer.
Many businesses have gained a bad reputation just by being in business. To some people, businesses are
interested in making money, and that is the bottom line. It could be called capitalism in its purest form.
Making money is not wrong in itself. It is the manner in which some businesses conduct themselves that
brings up the question of ethical behavior.

Definition
Business ethics can be defined as written and unwritten codes of principles and values that govern
decisions and actions within a company. In the business world, the organizations culture sets standards
for determining the difference between good and bad decision making and behavior. In the most basic
terms, a definition for business ethics boils down to knowing the difference between right and wrong and
choosing to do what is right. The phrase 'business ethics' can be used to describe the actions of individuals
within an organization, as well as the organization as a whole Business ethics are ethics that refer to the
moral rules and regulations governing the business world. In other words, they are the moral values that
guide the way corporations or other business make decisions. Some business ethics are imposed by law.
For example, the Securities and Exchange Commission governs the way investment bankers and stock
brokers do business, and court rules dealing with attorney client privilege dictate some ethical decisions
for attorneys. However, there are also business decisions that do not fall within the guidelines of the law,
in which ethical or moral judgments must be made.
In concept, business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that addresses the moral features of commercial
activity. In practice, however, a dizzying array of projects is pursued under its rubric. Programs of legal
compliance, empirical studies into the moral beliefs and attitudes of business people, a panoply of bestpractices claims (in the name of their moral merit or their contribution to business success), arguments for
(or against) mandatory worker participation in management, and attempts at applying traditional ethical
theories, theories of justice, or theories of the state to firms or to the functional areas of business are all
advanced as contributions to business ethics even and especially in its academic literature. These
projects vary considerably and often seem to have little in common other than the conviction, held by
those who pursue them, that whatever each is pursuing is business ethics. Almost everyone wants to live
an ethical life, but knowing what that means is not as simple as it sounds! That's where the phrase ethical
dilemma comes from. In some situations, there are two contrasting ideas that may seem ethical, but it is
hard to determine which actually the right course of action is. Some common ethical dilemmas have little
consequence: for example, is it right to tell a fib when someone asks you if they look fat or if their bad
tasting dinner is delicious? The ethical dilemma there: which is more ethical, lying or being unkind?
Other ethical dilemmas become a big more complex: for example, is it right to steal from the rich to give
to the poor? Is it right to fight wars in the name of a good cause, even if innocent people are injured? The
answers to these ethical questions depend on definition of ethics!

History
Construedbroadlyasmoralreflectiononcommerce,businessethicsisprobablyasoldastradeitself.Iflawisaroug
hguidetowidelyheldmoralintuitionstheprescribingpricesandtariffsandlayingdownbothrulesofcommerceandharshpenalties
fornoncompliance,evidencessomeofcivilization'searlierattemptstoestablishthemoralcontoursofcommercia
lactivity.Aristotle'sPoliticsaddressesexplicitly commercial relations in its discussion of household
management.
Althoughacademicinstructionexplicitlydevotedtotherelationshipbetweenethicsandcommercecanbefoundi
nU.S.businessschoolsasearlyasthefirstthreedecadesofthe20thcentury,particularlyinCatholiccollegesandun
iversities,creationofacademicpositionsdedicatedexplicitlytobusinessethicsinU.S.businessschoolstrackscl
6

oselywavesofcorporatescandalfromthe1980stothepresent.In1987,inthemidstoftheinsidertradingscandalon
WallStreet,formerSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionheadJohnShadgavetheHarvardBusinessSchoolover
$30million for the purposeof startinga businessethics program there.
Academicbusiness
ethicists
address
questions
that
range
across
the
functional
areasofbusiness,givingrisetovariousrecognizedspecialtiesinbusinessethics(e.g.,marketingethics,financeet
hics,accountingethics).Butdespitethewiderangeofquestionspursued,thebulkoftheacademicliteratureanddis
cussionisfocusedmorecloselyon(andmuchofthefunction-specificworkisconnectedcloselyto)thelarge
corporation whose ownership shares are traded on public exchanges.
Businessethicsbeingpartofthelargersocialethics,alwaysbeenaffectedbytheethicsoftheepoch.Atdifferentepo
chsoftheworld,people,especiallytheelatesoftheworld,wereblindtoethicsandmorality,whichwereobviously
unethicaltothesucceedingepoch.

Ethical Considerations in Business:

I believe it is important that this issue of ethics take on a more conscious, deliberate role in our business
decision making. In a nutshell, the issue of ethics boils down to asking yourself, "What price am I willing
to pay for this decision, and can I live with that price?" This process can be helped by defining each letter
of the word, ETHICS.
E = Experience. The values we carry with us into adulthood, and into business, are those which were
modeled to us, usually by a parent, teacher, or some other significant adult. Some say these values were
taught to us, but I say they were caught! We cant teach values, we live them! How people behave and the
decisions they make, speak much louder and are more convincing than what they say. We should
remember, experience is not what happens to us, but what we do about what happens to us!
T = Training. Training means training yourself to keep the question of ethics fresh in your mind
deliberately. Too often, if our information doesnt match up with our experience, we toss the information
aside. That may or may not be the appropriate action. The information may be very valid and only
apparent after careful consideration and analysis of the issue we face.
H = Hindsight. What have we learned from the experiences of others? Ourselves? Success leaves clues
that we need to tap into in order to help us make that tough decision. What if the problem we face was the
problem of the person we admire most in life? What would he/she do? This will give us a reflective
direction by which to help in our decision-making.
I = Intuition. What does your "gut" tell us is the right thing to do? Some call it conscience, or insight.
Whatever we call it, there are times when a "gut" call is needed. How do we know when weve gone
against our "gut"? We feel guilt, shame, remorse; have a restless, sleepless night, etc. These are a few
signs that tell us weve gone against our own moral conscience. Now the decision is what to do about it?
C = Company. How will your decision affect the company, the people who work with and/or for you,
your customers and your family? Decision-making is like throwing a rock in a pond, no matter how
big/small the rock is, when it hits the water, water is displaced. No matter how big or small our decisions
are, it affects other people in our life and that must be a consideration before making the decision.
S = Self Esteem. How do we derive your self-esteem? Is it based on material gain? Is it based on using
ones gifts and talents for the benefit of all? One is not necessarily exclusive of each other, rather it is a
matter of priority. The greatest ethical decision is one that builds ones self esteem through the
accomplishment of goals based on how these goals positively impact those around us.
Ethics is what you do when no one is looking. It starts in our minds, where we become what we think
based on our experience, training, hindsight, intuition, effect on the company and self-esteem. We must
factor this issue of ethics into all of our decision making and carefully analyze what price we and others
around us will have to pay for that decision.

Factor that affect in Business Ethics

Ethicalcodesthatgovernbusinessesoftenaddresscertainmainareas.Theseareas,as compiled by the NIEHS
branch of the U.S. NationalInstitutesof Health include:

Honesty
Objectivity
Integrity
Carefulness
Openness
Respect for intellectualproperty
Confidentiality
Responsible publication
Responsible mentoring
Respect for colleagues
Social responsibility
Non-discrimination
Competence
Legality
Human subjects protection

On the other hand, confidentiality is most important when it comes to attorney ethics. The law recognizes
that attorneys have such a high moral obligation to keep their clients secrets confidential, that if an
attorney violates this ethical duty, he can lose his license to practice law. Human subjects protection, on
the other hand, is most important when it comes to those in medicine or those conducting experiments on
others such as psychologists. Peer review boards and other such institutions govern experiments designed
to be conducted on human subjects to ensure that business ethics are followed and that experimenters
make the best moral and ethical decisions.

The 9 Theories of Ethics

Because of the difficulty in defining ethics, which we've already begun to see, philosophers have given a
lot of thought to this question. Since they haven't been able to come up with a clear answer either, they've
provided 9 theories of ethics that can be used to determine the ethical course of action in a given
situation:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Consequentionalism: An action is ethical, or not, depending on the consequences of the action.

Values Clarification: Your ethics should be determined based on your internal values, and not
what
anyone else thinks.
Utilitarianism: The action that has the best result for the most people is the ethical action.
Moral Absolutism: An action is always moral or immoral, regardless of the circumstances.
Situation Ethics: The ethical nature of an action is dependent on the situation, and decisions must
be made out of love and helpfulness in the particular moment.
Ethical Realism: The ethical choice is the choice that is the lesser of two evils
Ethical Hierarcicalism: There are many possible choices on the continuum of ethical choices, and
we must choose the choice that benefits the greater good
Principle Ethics: The ethical decision should be based on an underlying set of logical principles
Cognitive Moral Development: Ethical dilemmas should be cognitive moral.

Comparing absolute and relative Ethics

Absolute ethics is a theory that certain things are right and wrong from an objective point of view and
cannot change according to the culture. It is also known as deontological theory. On the other hand the
relative ethics theory is the opposite. It is not universally valid moral principles and relative to the
particular culture. For example:
If we think about the Bangladesh Plc. The waist of tannery is harmful for the environment. And can be
considered as unethical if it is from the absolute ethical point of view. Because it does not take into
account the benefit and the situation.
In the same situation if we think in the relative point of view, the lot of labor are employed nearly 10000
people in Bangladesh and serves about a major export sector in Bangladesh through which Bangladesh
earn lots of foreign currency, which is much useful. It also helps the labors to maintain a better life. Then
it is ethical. Lots of foreign currency, which is much useful. It also helps the labors to maintain a better
life. Then it is ethical.

Difference between absolute and relative morality

To start, it is necessary to define the terms 'absolute' and 'relative' with morality. Absolute means any
theory in which the rules are absolute: they are unchanging and universal. Relative means any theory in
which something is judged in relation to something else and is therefore open to change. Absolute laws or
rules of morality will never change. Another way to define this is that they are objective. Objective means
that I am not bringing in any personal opinions or bias, so the rules that I work out are rules that anybody
else would rationally come up with. We may come to apply these rules by use of reason and so any
rational human being would be able to use his/her reason to come up with the same set of rules.
For example, I may, using reason, work out that it is wrong to lie. An absolutist would think that it is
therefore always wrong to lie, in any situation and in any culture. So it is just as wrong for me to lie about
a persons who is not liable for the works. And I can never think it is right to lie, even, to use marks
example, if there was a murder at my door enquiring as to the whereabouts of my friend. If I knew my
friend was hiding in my house, I would have to tell this to the murderer. In this situation, mark would say
that if I had lied to the murdered, and then in some strange coincidence my friend had left my house and
was met in the street by the murder that then killed him, I would be held morally accountable, since I had
lied.
Relative morality refers to the opposite theory. Whereas absolute means unchanging and universal,
relative means your theory of morality can change. Relative morality means that different cultures can
believe different things, and people across different time periods may also believe different things about
morality. It may also mean that each individual person may have their own morality.

Business Ethics- Practice in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, though practice of Business ethics is still not so commendable in public sector and small
companies, but business ethics has been an increasing concern among larger companies, at least since the
1990s. Major corporations increasingly fear the damage to their image associated with press revelations
of unethical practices. The following information about the functions relating ethics and social
responsibility of the reputed companies of our country will give a brief idea about the practice of
Business Ethics in Bangladesh.

Ethics practice in different business sector of Bangladesh

Ready Made Garments (RMG) Sector

Ethical means that the product is environmentally friendly or made from organic or recycled materials.
But actually a company would need to ensure that workers throughout their supply chain are able to
exercise their internationally-agreed labor rights before they can be called 'ethical.'
Over the last couple of years the Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh has experienced
impressive growth rates and became the 2nd largest apparel product exporter to the world. Its hard
to find a wardrobe in Europe and USA, which is not ornamented with clothing made in Bangladesh.
The clothing sector contributes about 80% of the total export earnings of Bangladesh and currently
employs approximately 5 million workers, mostly females from underprivileged social classes. But
unfortunately the clothing worth of around 20 billion dollar made here in Bangladesh per year has to
pay a big off-screen price that cannot be measured in dollars. This is because there is lack of ethics in
starting from buyers, manufacturers to the workers. Lack of ethical sourcing, negligence of corporate
ethics and abuse of trade unionism is resulting in disasters for the clothing industry.

The thriving Textile and Clothing (T&C) sector is again under image-crisis as Rana Plaza equipped with
5 garments industry collapsed seizing life of more than thousand garments workers. With Rana Plaza,
whatever improvement was on the card in concern with the working condition in the garments industry
after Tazreen fire tragedy, also collapsed. Its not the case only with Rana Plaza but the case is, with every
incidence like this, the over-all sick-scenario of the working condition in the clothing industry comes into
limelight. Of course, Rana Plaza collapse is a crime and the industry does want justice for the killing of
1130 lives; but the industry is in dire strait for image-crisis. In this circumstances what the T&C industry
needs is work ethics. Market today thinks its work ethics in every sphere of the industry that can bring
a sustainable change.

Ethics in consumer perspective

From the consumers part, number of them who are aware of the hardship of the workers making the
cloths, is very few. Even if they are aware, it affects a little in their shopping options. Shoppers seem
more concerned with fit and price than whether their clothes were made in factories where workers are
safe and make reasonable wages. Most of the time we found that consumer is not callous and not
unconcerned about the conditions of the workers. It's just that when they are standing in a clothing store
and are comparing two pairs of pants, there's nothing they can do about it. I need the pants. So its
apparent that its not normal for the customers to push the retailers constantly for ethical fashion products.
What they want is the best quality at the cheapest price. And it is only possible for the fashion brands if
they use clothing producer countries like Bangladesh.

Cheap labor is an advantage or disadvantage in the perspective of ethics?

Bangladesh has been always and definitely is known for its cheap labor. It helps the clothing industry
a lot is true. But more importantly the capacity and quality of products that Bangladesh clothing
industry can offer, is a big plus point. Unfortunately, the term cheap-labor has become a huge
pressure for the industry now and factory owners are reluctant to increase on the wages to maintain
the cheap-labor really cheap. 10% inflation every year and the raised Consumer Price Index clearly
indicates that the current worker wage is far below standard. Lots of problems would have been
solved if the worker wages are standardized. Apart from the fire or collapse disasters, most of the
garments unrest is due to the wage issues.

Ethics in buyer perspective

Buyers always push hard to the owners of the clothing factories to give discounts in price and its quite
natural as all are here to do business. The matter of regret is that every time the ill-fated workers are the
victim of such cost-cutting approaches to satisfy the buyers still keeping smart profit. There are examples
where clothing manufacturing companies are doing good business without doing injustice with the
workers. So, its not like that it is impossible to do. The matter of fact is that, many of the owners do not
10

practice business ethics. Greed for humongous profit persuades them to cut-off from the poor workers
part. And these are the awful factories from where the unrests take place. Labor is cheap, okay, so why
always use this for personal benefits. Why the owners are not smart enough to negotiate the right value of
their workers hard work from the buyers. Buyers need cloths, and we have the capacity. So, why should
we agree to produce them at the most minuscule price. They are making billions out of the same product.
Where is our workers part of that profit? It is to be noted that only a very small portion of a clothing
products end price goes to the workers. A small part of it is spent to maintain local and international
offices and outlets. A part is spent for the inspection companies, even there are nomination-commission
businesses. And the left part is the profit. So its not a big deal for the retailers to contribute towards the
welfare of the workers. Research shows only a mere 2 cent can do the trick. Additional $0.02 per garment
is enough to double the workers wages. Unfortunately, most of the buyers are not ready to take such
steps.
Some of the world's biggest fashion chains, including H&M, Zara, C&A, Tesco and Primark, have signed
up to a legally binding agreement to help finance fire safety and building improvements in the factories
they use in Bangladesh after the Rana Plaza tragedy. And its only the aftermath of the demonstration of
the customers to take responsibility for the collapse of Rana Plaza. Responsibility is supposed to be taken
by all of the parties concerned. That is the demand of work ethics in the clothing industry. With the
Buyers and manufacturers, the workers are also within the concerned parties and they cannot deny their
responsibility. Abuses of trade unionism to pursue unlawful benefits a real so common case here in
Bangladesh. . If the current practice is not changed, the cheap workers are going to remain cheap forever.
Is this where we want to end? To be a cheap clothing manufacturing country is really becoming like a
curse for the 5 million workers. The clothing industry has given a lot to the country and also to the
westerns who are wearing these cheap cloths. The industry really deserves practice of sourcing ethics
from the retailers, corporate ethics from the owners and work ethics from the workers.

The Employment Relation in BusinessEthics

Fallingneatlyoutofconcernaboutthepoweroflarge,publiclytradedcorporationsisaconcernaboutthetermsofe
mploymenttheyafford.Thediscussionoftheemploymentrelationinacademicbusinessethicshascrystallizedin
toadebateovertherelativemoralmeritsofat-willemploymenttermsandjustcauseemploymentterms,especially
in light ofthe place each occupies inemployment law.
At-willemploymentthusconstitutesadefaultcontract
itistheagreementthatobtainsbetweenemployersandemployeesabsentanagreementtothecontrary(e.g.,aunion
contract).Overtimebothstatutoryandcaselawhascarvedoutanumberofexceptionstotheatwilldoctrine.Thus,theatwilldoctrinewillnotprotectanemployerwhousesthepowerofterminationtoengageinracialdiscrimination,pun
ishanemployeeforrefusingtoviolatethelaw,andsoforth.Absentcircumstancescoveredbytheexceptions,howe
ver,theat-willdoctrineremainsthebasic rule governing employment relations inmost ofthe U.S.
Mostofthediscussionoftheemploymentrelationinacademicbusinessethicsconcernsthefairnessoftheatwilldoctrineandwhetherothertermsofemployment
oughttobesubstitutedforitthroughpublicpolicyinitiatives.Indeed,thedebatemakeslittlesenseoutsidethepubl
icpolicycontext.Thus,atwillemployment(oratleast,dismissalwithoutcauseundertakeninaccordancewiththeatwilldoctrine)isincompatible
with
recognizing
andrespecting
the
employee's
presented.Argumentmaydependonanequivocationbetweengivingemployeesreasonsandgivingemployeesr
easonsonthemerits.Thatis,evenifoneacceptsthat,morally,employeesaspersonsareowedreasons,itdoesn'tfoll
owthatthereasonstheyare
owedarereasonsthatgoto,e.g.,theirjobperformance,thefirm'seconomicprospects,etc.Theatwilldoctrinesuppliesareason.Itsaysthatthetermsofourarrangementaresuchthatanyofushastheoptiontotermi
nateitatourdiscretion.That,coupledwithexerciseofone'sdiscretion,issufficientreasontoterminatethearrange
ment.Manydecisionsaffectingpersonsaresettledonthebasisofreasonsthatdonotrefertothemeritsofthecase.A
tlaw,forexample,aplaintiff'scasemaybedismissedbecausethestatuteoflimitationshasrun,becauseitwasfiledi
nthewrongjurisdiction,becausethecourtisnotcompetenttohearthecase,etc.Noneofthesearereasonsonthemer
its,butitwouldbestrangetoconcludethatthesedispositions oftheir claims fail torespect plaintiffs' presented.
11

ArgumentsadvancedindefenseoftheatwilldoctrineleanheavilyonconsequentialityProponentsattributethevibrantlabormarketoftheUnitedStatesan
dthestagnantlabormarketsofEuropetotheprevalenceoftheatwilldoctrineintheUnitedStatesandtheprevalenceofmandatoryjustcauseemploymentrulesinEurope.Mandat
oryjustbecauserulesareasignificantdisincentivetojobcreationandtothepursuitoflaborintensiveentrepreneurialventuresbecausetheyimposeheavyrecordkeepingandinfrastructurerequirementsonfirms.Thepointisthatemployeescanbeprotectedfromtheilleffectsofarbitrarydismissalintwoways.Oneway,favored byjust causeadvocates, is legally.

International BusinessEthics
Doingbusinesstransnationalraisesanumberofissuesthathavenoanalogueinbusinessdealingsdonewithinasin
glecountryorlegaljurisdiction.Internationalbusinessethicsseekstoaddressthoseissues.Whereethicalnormsa
reinconflict,owingtodifferentculturalpractices,whichethicalnormsoughttoguideone'sbusinessconductinoth
ernationsandcultures?
Somediscussionsofinternationalbusinessethicsconceivethishomecountry/hostcountryquestionascentral.O
nonehand,adoptinghostcountrynormsisawaytorespectthehostcultureanditsmembers.Thus,busynessperson
sareadvisedthatwheninRometheyoughttodoastheRomansdo
asinetiquette,sotooinethics.Ontheotherhand,businesspersonsareadvisedtoresisthostcountrynormsthatarem
orallyrepugnant.Thereinliestherub.When,forexample,briberyofofficialsiscentraltodoingbusinesswhereyo
uare,oughtyoutoembracethepracticeasamarkofculturalrespectorforswearthe practice on the grounds that
it is morally repugnant?
Onecommonapproachininternationalbusinessethicsistorefertoortoconstructlistsofnormsthatoughttoguidet
ransnationalbusinessconduct.Thus,forexample,theUnitedNations'UniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsor,
morerecently,theUnitedNationsGlobalCompact,isadvancedasaguidetoconduct.TheUNGlobal
Compactenjoinsbusinessfirmstosupportandrespectinternationallyrecognizedhuman
rights,
avoid
complicity
inhuman
rights
abuses,
uphold
freedom
of
associationandcollectivebargaining,eliminateforcedandcompulsorylabor,eliminate childlabor, eliminate
all forms of discrimination.
Employment,supportaprecautionaryapproachtoenvironmentalchallenges,promotegreaterenvironmentalre
sponsibility,encouragethedevelopmentofenvironmentallyfriendlytechnologies,andworkagainstcorruptioni
nallitsforms,includingextortionandbribery.Alternatively,whetherinspiredbysomethingliketheUNGlobalC
ompact,apreferredmoraltheory,apreferredtheoryofjustice,orsomecombinationoftheseorotherfactors,otherli
stsofnormsareproposedasguidestotheethicalpracticeoftransnationalbusiness.Theseguidelinescallfortheavo
idingharm,doinggood,respectinghumanrights,respectingthelocalculture,cooperatingwithjustgovernments
andinstitutions,acceptingethicalresponsibilityforone'sactions, and making hazardous plants and
technologies safe.
Theproblemswiththeseapproachesappeartobethreefold.First,theytendtominimizeorignorecompetitivereali
ty.ImaginethatourfirmtakesseriouslytheUNGlobalCompact.Wedobusinessinalessdevelopedcountrywithlo
ngstandingenvironmentalandcorruptionproblems.Weareimplementingasignificantenvironmentalinitiative
inthiscountry,butfindthatourabilitytodosodependsuponsecuringlicensesfromacorruptgovernmentbureaucr
acy.Ifwerefusetopaybribes,wewillbeunabletoimplementourinitiativeand,moreover,wewilllosemarketshar
eandoureconomicrationaleforlocatingoperationsinthiscountrytocompetitorswhohavenocompunctionabou
tpayingsuchbribes.Oughtwetopaybribesforthesakeofenvironmentalimprovementandmaintainingapresenc
einthiscountryorforsaketheenvironmentandapresenceinthiscountryinordertostrikeablowagainstcorruption
?
Althoughnotfocusingexplicitlyontheinternationalcontext,RonaldGreen(1991)standsvirtuallyaloneintakin
gseriouslythequestionofwhenandunderwhatconditionseveryone'sdoingitisamoraljustification
aquestionthatarisesregularlywhendoingbusinesstransnationalandincompetitivemarkets.Second,theseappr
oachesservemainlytoreduplicatethehomecountry/hostcountryquestiontheyareintendedtohelpanswer.Thus,
whenenjoinedbythegovernmentsandinstitutions,whichandwhosesenseofjusticeoughttoguidethedetermina
tionofwhetherthegovernmentsandinstitutionsaretobecooperatedwith?
Third,evenwhenenjoiningrespectforlocalculturesandmoralnorms,theseapproachestendtoprivilege
12

Western conceptions of justice, fairness, and ethics.

Moreover,themoreinterestinghomecountry/hostcountrycasesarethosewherehomecountrynormsareexplicit
lyextraterritorialandincompatiblewithhostcountrynorms.InItalianTaxMores,acasewidelyrepublishedinb
usinessethicstextbooksandanthologiesArthurKellytellsofAmericanfirmsdoingbusinessinItaly.Americanse
curitiesregulations,accountingprinciples,andconceptionsofcommercialintegrityrequirefirmstoaccountfort
heirtaxliability(includingforeigntaxliability)fullyandcorrectly,withthatliabilitymatchingwhatappearsonth
eirtaxreturns.Italiantaxauthorities,bycontrast,takeafirm'staxreturntoconstitutenotafullandcorrectaccountin
g,butaninitialnegotiatingpositiontowhichtheythenmakeacounteroffer.Afirm'sfinaltaxliabilityissettledthrou
ghnegotiationbetweenthetaxauthoritiesandthefirm.Consequently,anAmericanfirm'staxliabilityforitsItalia
noperationswilllikelynevermatchwhatisreportedonitstaxreturn,incontraventionofsecurities
Regulations,goodaccountingpractice,andconceptionsofcommercialintegritybackhome.Generalprinciples
ofgoodconductandhypotheticalsocialcontractsseemnottospeaktowhattaxaccountantsandauditorsoughttod
o,giventheinstitutionsandnorms thatactually confront them.
Internationalbusinessethicshastakenonanewurgencywiththeemergenceofglobalizatio
n.Lowtransactionandcommunicationcosts,drivenbyadvancesincomputerandtelecom
municationtechnologies,havemadetheglobalmarket,onceametaphor(andatleastforso
me,anaspiration),trulyglobal.Transnationalbusinessisincreasinglytheruleratherthanth
eexception,especiallyintheproductionofshoes,clothing,automobiles,andothercommo
ditygoods.Nowherehasthisurgencybeenfeltmoreacutelythaninthedebateoversocalledsweatshoplabor
thehiringofworkersinlessdevelopedcountries,usuallyatwagesandunderworkcondition
sprevailing in those countries, tomanufacture productsfor the developed world.

Criticism
Themainconversationinacademicbusinessethicsisfocusedonthelarge,publiclytradedcorporation.Itowesitsp
rescriptionsmainlytonormativepoliticalphilosophy,ratherthanmoraltheory.Itspeaksmoretopublicpolicytow
ardbusiness(andespeciallythelarge,publiclytradedcorporation)andtheinstitutionsofcapitalismthanitdoesto
ethicalbusinessconduct,i.e.,whatoneoughttobedoingwhenoneisdoing business.
Thiscriticismcomesinmilderandstrongervariants.AndrewStarkcallsinsteadforabusinessethicsfocusedmore
onthequotidiandecisionsanddilemmasofthemiddlemanager.Criticismsaremildbecauseheendorsesgenerall
ythelarge,publiclytradedcorporateandorganizationalfocus,seekingonlytomakethesubjectmattermorepracti
calandpitchedmoretothemiddleandlesstothetop-levelmanager.JosephHeath(2006)
findsacademicbusinessethicsreductionofallissuestobattlesofstakeholderinterestsbothmyopicandmisleadi
ng.Initsplace,hefavorsamethodologicalapproachthatseesunregulatedmarketfailures,ratherthanclashesofsta
keholderinterests,astheprincipaloccasionforethicaldeliberationandrestraint.
Inthestrongerform,criticismofacademicbusinessethicscanfocusonitsapparentirrelevancetothevastmajorityo
fbusinesspersonsintheworld.Thatmajorityworksneitherfornorwith(andcertainlydoesn'tlead)large,publiclytr
adedcorporations,yettheysurelyengageinbusiness.Whethercharacterizedasmicroenterprises,smallbusinesses,orinsomeotherway,thegreatbodyofacademicbusinessethicshaslittletosayaboutt
hecircumstancesfacedbythatmajority.AlthoughconceptuallythemicrolevelbusinessethicsofwhichSolomon
writesspeakstothecircumstancesofthatworldwidemajority,inpracticethatmicroethicsislittledevelopedbyandc
ommands scant attention fromacademic business ethicists.

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

Businessethicsisaformofappliedethicsthatexaminesjustrulesandprincipleswithinacommercialcontext;thev
ariousmoralorethicalproblemsthatcanariseinabusinesssetting;andanyspecialdutiesorobligationsthatapplyt
opersonswhoareengagedincommerce.Generallyspeaking,businessethicsisanormativediscipline,whereby
particular ethical standards are advocated and then applied.
Itmakesspecificjudgmentsaboutwhatisrightorwrong,whichistosay,itmakesclaimsaboutwhatoughttobedon
eorwhatoughtnottobedone.Whiletherearesomeexceptions,businessethicistsareusuallylessconcernedwithth
efoundationsofethicsorwithjustifyingthemostbasicethicalprinciples,andaremoreconcernedwithpracticalpr
oblemsandapplications,andanyspecificdutiesthatmightapplytobusiness relationships.
Businessethicscanbeexaminedfromvariousperspectives,includingtheperspectiveoftheemployee,thecomm
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ercialenterprise,andsocietyasawhole.Veryoften,situationsariseinwhichthereisconflictbetweenoneandmore
oftheparties,suchthatservingtheinterestofonepartyisadetrimenttotheother(s).Forexample,aparticularoutco
memightbegoodfortheemployee,whereas,itwouldbebadforthecompany,society,orviceversa.Someethicists
seetheprincipalroleofethicsasthe harmonization andreconciliation of conflicting interests.
Ethicalissuescanarisewhencompaniesmustcomplywithmultipleandsometimesconflictinglegalorculturalst
andards,asinthecaseofmultinationalcompaniesthatoperateincountrieswithvaryingpractices.Thequestionari
ses,forexample,oughtacompany toobeythelawsofitshomecountry,orshoulditfollowthelessstringentlawsof
the developing country in which it does business.
Toillustrate,UnitedStateslawforbidscompaniesfrompayingbribeseitherdomesticallyoroverseas;however,in
otherpartsoftheworld,briberyisacustomary,"accepted"wayofdoingbusiness.Similarproblemscanoccurwith
regardtochildlabor,employeesafety,workhours,wages,discrimination,andenvironmentalprotection laws.
Businessethicsshouldbedistinguishedfromthephilosophyofbusiness,thebranchofphilosophythatdealswitht
hephilosophical,political,andethicalunderpinningsofbusinessandeconomics.Businessethicsoperatesonthe
premise,forexample,thattheethicaloperationofaprivatebusinessispossible-thosewhodisputethatpremise,such
as
libertariansocialists,
(whocontendthat"businessethics"isanoxymoron) do so by definition outside of thedomain of business
ethics proper.
Businessethicsisalsorelatedtopoliticaleconomy,whichiseconomicanalysisfrompoliticalandhistoricalperspec
tives.Politicaleconomydealswiththedistributiveconsequencesofeconomicactions.Itaskswhogainsandwholo
sesfromeconomicactivity, and is the resultant distribution fair or just, which are central ethical issues.

Importance ofEthics
So,whyareethicsimportant?
Theyareimportantbecausetheykeeppeoplefromdoingwhatiswrong.Ifanindividualhas
noethics,hewilldothewrongthingwhenever he believesit will benefit him andthat he can get away with it.
Ethicsaredifferentthanlaws,anddifferentthandoingtherightthingasaresultoffearofconsequences.Whilesomet
hingthatisunethicalmightbeillegal,thereisnotnecessarilyaperfectoverlap.Furthermore,inmanywaysethicscan
beevenmoreimportantthanthelaw,sincethelawwillonlydeterapersonfrombadbehaviorifhe
fearspenalty,whileapersonwithastrongcodeofethicswilldotherightthingjustbecause it is the rightthing.
Ifapersonhadnocodeofethics,hecouldsteal,aslongasnoonewaswatching.Hecouldlietohislovedonesortostran
gers,aslongastheliedidn'trisetothelevelofcriminalfraud.Hecouldengageinallsortsofthingsthatwere"wrong"a
nd"bad"aslong
as
he
didn't
get
caught.
Sincethelawcan'tpossiblycatcheveryoneeachtimetheydosomethingbad,andthelawcan'tmakeevery"wrong"a
ctionillegal,societywouldquicklyfallapartiftherewere no ethical principles or moral rights orwrongs.

Some principles for ethical business decision-making

1. Step back from every decision before the organization makes it and look at it objectively.
2. Strive for fairness rather than polarized 'winner takes all' outcomes.
3. Understand the Psychological Contract and how it applies to the business situation.
4. Learn from history and previous situations.
5. Get the facts from all possible perspectives. Often a challenging issue offers three main options: (a)
personal view; (b) a main alternative option; and (c) the commonly under-estimated ever-available third
main option of doing nothing. Doing nothing in times of real emergency can be disastrous, but for a very
14

large number of situations doing nothing is the only truly wise way. Doing nothing is not weakness or
procrastination if it done in the right way for the right reasons.
6. Understand the long-term consequences. Model or brainstorm the 'what if' scenarios. Again look at
previous examples and history.
7. Check the law. In whatever territories are affected by the decision. But do not base business decision
wholly on the law.
8. Consult widely - especially with critical people
9. Consider cause and effect in the deepest possible sense.
10. Resist the delusion and arrogance that power and authority tends to foster.
11. Beware of justifying decisions according to religious faith. There is nothing wrong with having a
religious faith, but there are various risks in leaning too heavily on a god or faith when making serious
decisions.
12. Aim for solutions and harmony, objectivity and detachment.

Ethical Issues That Affect the Success of a Business:

Ethical issues are a set of moral values that need to be addressed while carrying out business. Businesses
operate in a society that is structured around moral values. Therefore, when conducting its operations, a
business has certain responsibilities which are to provide the society with quality goods and services that
will improve the peoples living standards. In order to survive, a business needs to maintain its customers.
Product packaging is one way of ensuring a business maintains its existing customers and also acquire
new customers. Some companies are known to allow underweight packaging of products which are then
highly priced and this is a rude way of increasing profits. However this negative trend will affect the
business in the long run as customers will eventually come to learn that they are being swindled.
In an attempt to boost sales, some businessmen adapt promotional methods that mislead customers as the
message conveyed may not give the exact details of the product. Businesses should desist from increasing
prices without valid reasons. In doing so, they will be taking advantage of the customer and this is
unethical. Businessmen should also desist from taking part in corrupt practices such as selling low
standard goods while bribing government officials in order to continue operating. Entrepreneurs should
consider the effects of their activities on the society they serve.
In the long run, wrong dealings and corruption will tarnish the image of the business and have a negative
effect on sales. Business people ought to comply with the law requirements and observe laid down
principles of morality in their dealings. They should seriously consider expectations of the community
they serve.

The Advantages of Ethical Behavior in Business

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Ethical people are those who recognize the difference between right and wrong and consistently strive to
set an example of good conduct. In a business setting, being ethical means applying principles of honesty
and fairness to relationships with coworkers and customers. Ethical individuals make an effort to treat
everyone with whom they come in contact as they would want to be treated themselves.

Build Customer Loyalty: Consumers may let a company take advantage of them once, but if they
believe they have been treated unfairly, such as by being overcharged, they will not be repeat
customers. Having a loyal customer base is one of the keys to long-range business success
because serving an existing customer doesnt involve marketing cost, as does acquiring a new
one. A companys reputation for ethical behavior can help it create a more positive image in the
marketplace, which can bring in new customers through word-of-mouth referrals. Conversely, a
reputation for unethical dealings hurts the companys chances to obtain new customers,
particularly in this age of social networking when dissatisfied customers can quickly disseminate
information about the negative experience they had.
Retain Good Employees: Talented individuals at all levels of an organization want to be
compensated fairly for their work and dedication. They want career advancement within the
organization to be based on the quality of the work they do and not on favoritism. They want to
be part of a company whose management team tells them the truth about what is going on, such
as when layoffs or reorganizations are being contemplated. Companies who are fair and open in
their dealings with employees have a better chance of retaining the most talented people.
Employees who do not believe the compensation methodology is fair are often not as dedicated to
their jobs as they could be.
Positive Work Environment: Employees have a responsibility to be ethical from the moment they
have their first job interview. They must be honest about their capabilities and experience. Ethical
employees are perceived as team players rather than as individuals just out for themselves. They
develop positive relationships with coworkers. Their supervisors trust them with confidential
information and they are often given more autonomy as a result. Employees who are caught in
lies by their supervisors damage their chances of advancement within the organization and may
risk being fired. An extreme case of poor ethics is employee theft. In some industries, this can
cost the business a significant amount of money, such as restaurants whose employees steal food
from the storage locker or freezer.
Avoid Legal Problems: At times, a companys management may be tempted to cut corners in
pursuit of profit, such as not fully complying with environmental regulations or labor laws,
ignoring worker safety hazards or using substandard materials in their products. The penalties for
being caught can be severe, including legal fees and fines or sanctions by governmental agencies.
The resulting negative publicity can cause long-range damage to the companys reputation that is
even more costly than the legal fees or fines. Companies that maintain the highest ethical
standards take the time to train every member of the organization about the conduct that is
expected of them.

Ethics of Production:
Ethics in production is a subset of business ethic that is meant to ensure that the production function or
activities are not damaging to the consumer or the society. Like other ethics there is a certain code of
conduct or standards to be followed, however ensuring that the ethics are complied with is often difficult.

Ethics in Sales and Marketing:

Increased scrutiny of corporate actions in todays business climate puts pressure on
all facets of corporate structure to adhere to ethical business practices founded on
principles that are honest, fair and transparent to the stakeholders. The sales and
marketing profession is a driving force in our economy and should not be left
untouched when scrutinizing ethical issues. A society where the consumer is
16

confident of honest trade is one that will prosper. While some would fear that the
sales and marketing department would be the last place to go looking for ethical
guideposts, we could venture that this should be the first place to build a culture
with values that create a climate for sound business decision making and the
practice of ethical behavior. The public face of corporations is often painted by
brand identity, marketing messages delivered via various mediums and the sales
representatives who deal directly with the buying public. With an aligned, sound
code of ethics for marketing, sales and customer service, organizations would
theoretically build consumer confidence and shareholder value.

Some suggestion to practice ethics

1. Buyer should visit those factories from where they take
the clothes. They should observe that proper working
condition and proper wages provide to the labor.
2. Garments factory owner come to a commitment that
they will maintain a standard of wages all factory in
Bangladesh.
3. Buyer may pay some extra money to employee
development from where the money should expend for
giving more facility to the labor.
4. In the same way every owner of the garments may pay
some extra money to employee development from where
the money should expend for giving more facility to the
labor
5. BGMEA may make a comity they should visit the
factory all over the Bangladesh to watch that proper
working environment is maintained or not.
6. Sub contract order should not give by the buyer
because more layer from buyer to seller have negative
impact on employee benefit.
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7. Government law should follow by the owners of the

factory to protect the ride of the labor.
8. Standard of working environment following
properly or not should observe by the
interested party. If not maintain than the
buyer will cancel the order.
9. Government and BGMEA should observe
that Standard of working environment
following properly or not. If find lacking order
to solve it or the license would cancel.
10. Law may be modified to ensure the right
of the labor. Owner of the garments abide the
law if not than take the corrective action as
well as fail a suit against them.
11. Create labor union in every factory that
will ensure the right of labor.
12. Try to produce raw material in our country to maintain
the low cost of the quality products.
13. Before giving the permission for a factory proper
authority will verify all safety measure is taken for labors
in case of an accident.
14. Bank may give low interest bank loan to the owners
of the factory that they maintain their low cost
production.

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Ethics practice in different multinational company

Advanced Chemical Industries (ACI) Limited is one of

the leading conglomerates in Bangladesh, which is a
multinational company. They have a mission to achieve
business excellence through quality by understanding,
accepting, meeting and exceeding customer expectations.
They follow International Standards on Quality
Management System to ensure consistent quality of
products and services to achieve customer satisfaction.
They are focusing on improving the food habit of
consumers through providing more ready to cook
products and ready to eat as well. Their visions are to
establish harmonious relationship with the community
and promote greater environmental responsibility within
its sphere of influence. Their Values are Quality,
Customer Focus, Fairness, Transparency, Continuous
Improvement, and Innovation.
Ethical Approaches:
Societal Development through Educational Programs:

19

ACIs guiding principle in all its operations is to be a

responsible corporate citizen. Thus Social Responsibility
is a top priority for every individual at ACI. Their
Initiatives and significant contribution to societal
development is Continued Medical Education (CME) for
medical Professionals and Childrens Education
Programs. ACI has also undertaken an English Education
program in Faridpur, one of the remotest districts of
Bangladesh. This provides support to teach English
Language to school going children. Doctors in
Bangladesh who are not living in the metropolitan cities
have very limited access to the Internet or any other
sources of information. In order to keep them updated on
the developments in the medical practices regularly, the
CME program has been proven highly effective. ACI
believes that by promoting education of children, they are
contributing to societal development by shaping the
minds of their future leaders.
Environment Friendly Practices:
ACI has undertaken extensive programs to educate crop
farmers all over rural Bangladesh in Good Agricultural
Practices. They have a team of agricultural experts
working at the field level all across the country, holding
range of technical trainings and field demonstrations. ACI
also has similar education programs for animal and
poultry farmers. These include, Technical trainings on
diverse aspects of farming, and on application of new
technologies, Farmers group meeting for sharing of
learning and experience, Free visits to farms by
20

veterinarians, to identify problems and give advices to

individual farmers. Most importantly, making the farmers
aware of ways to protect the environment from hazardous
uses of chemicals on their farms, allowing them the
opportunity for informed decision-making. ACI hopes to
continue to play a leading role in promoting greater
environmental responsibility among farmers in
Bangladesh.
Unethical Approaches:
1. ACI Company produces some products which do not
work properly, like ACI Aerosol. It is mainly produced for
killing mosquitoes, but thats not true. Most of the
mosquitoes go away for sometimes but not killed.
2. Sometimes some products like ACI Atta, ACI Maida,
etc contains 1975 grams instead of 2000 grams but they
fix their prices for 2kg of the products. These are
unethical for their marketing practices.
Unilever Bangladesh Limited

Over the last four decades, Unilever Bangladesh has been

constantly bringing new and world class products for the
Bangladeshi people to remove the daily drudgery of life.
Over 90% of the countrys households use one or more of
21

Unilever products. They aim to give everybody a little

something to celebrate about themselves every day. They
believe that to succeed in business, it is essential to
maintain the highest standards of corporate behavior
towards everyone they work with, the communities they
touch, and the environment on which they have an
impact.
Ethical Approaches:
Effective Code of business principles:
Their code of business principles describes the
operational standards that everyone at Unilever follows,
wherever they are in the world. It also supports their
approach to governance and corporate responsibility.
Code of business principles are- Standard of conduct,
Obey the law, employees, consumers, shareholders,
business partners, community involvement, public
activities, the environment, innovation, competition,
business integrity, conflict of interest, compliance,
reporting, monitor.
Women Development and Women Empowerment:
Unilever strongly believes in the importance of
empowering women in Bangladesh, because the progress
of any society will be constrained if a significant part of
its population is neglected and excluded from the benefits
of development. They believe, with economic and
22

educational empowerment, women can become more

vocal about their rights and become stronger in
withstanding repression in any form. So they have
established Fair & Lovely Foundation. The mission of
this foundation is to encourage economic empowerment
of Bangladeshi women through information and resources
in the areas of Education, Career and Enterprise. It is this
realization that has brought about the Fair & Lovely
Foundation Scholarship Program. Under this scholarship
scheme, women who have passed their HSC each receives
a Taka 25,000scholarship to support her tertiary level
education.
Unethical Approaches:
Unilever produces Fair & lovely fairness cream, lotion,
etc. and they claim that skin color will be white after
using this product. But that it is not true. There are no
scientific values about whiteness. This is totally unethical
performance in marketing activities of this company.
Finding and analysis

Not proper practice of law in Bangladesh. Laws and rules are relevant to Business. Laws that
might impact on business they are: consumer protection, contract law, intellectual property,
bankruptcy insolvency. But these laws are not properly practice in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh does not currently have any clearly defined competition policy at the macro level or
any sector specific policy that addresses competition issues. The government does not have any
institutional mechanism to review and administer existing and proposed policies that affect
competition or regulate business activities that are anti-competitive. The Monopolies and
Restrictive Trade Practices Ordinance (MRTPO) was promulgated in 1970 by the Government
of Pakistan. Since independence of Bangladesh, neither the government nor the private sector
has attempted to invoke the law.
Licenses, permits and permissions: most of the business of Bangladesh doesnt follow the
license and permission system of Bangladesh. So, people of Bangladesh can start business at any

23

place which creates violence.

Political influence: some business of Bangladesh influence by politics. for example our private
TV channels more or less they influence by political system
Proper education system: there are some lacking in our education system, there should be an
ethical chapter in primary sector of education so that people of Bangladesh know about ethics or
can study about ethics.
Labor union: in Bangladesh labor union doesnt work properly sometimes it influence by
politics. Bangladesh labor union should be polices free so that it will be
Over profit: capital this comes from tow sector. One sector is share. Some public limited
companies take capital from share then they enhance infrastructure and then they run the
company so thats a huge loss for public and government.
Improper salary: Now a days garment of Bangladesh increase salary of employer and labor but
the implications is very rare.

Business Corruption increase because of lacking of ethics.

Often not regarded as a crime, rather as a means to accelerate business processes. Proponents claim that
the end result is not affected; the mechanisms used to achieve the result are simply accelerated; In
essence, bureaucracy is bypassed and time is utilized Includes bribery, insider trading, money laundering,
embezzlement, tax evasion and accounting irregularities.
In a slide of performance, Bangladesh has been ranked 14th in the global graft index, according to a
Transparency International report. The country scored only 25 out of 100 points, Transparency
International Last year, Bangladesh was ranked 16 on the index.

Conclusion
Intheend,itmaybeuptothepublictomakesurethatacompanyadherestocorrect
businessethics.Ifthecompanyismakinglargeamountsofmoney,theymaynotwishtopaytoocloseattentiontoth
eirethicalbehavior.Therearemanycompaniesthatpridethemselvesintheircorrectbusinessethics,butinthisco
mpetitiveworld,they are becoming very few and far between.

24

Bibliography.
Books

Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of

Globalization)
byAndrew Crane(shelved 1 time as business-ethics)
Business Ethics and Ethical Business
byRobert Audi(shelved 1 time as business-ethics)
Ethical Issues in Business: A Philosophical Approach
byThomas Donaldson(shelved 1 time as business-ethics)

Arnold,DenisG.andNormanE.Bowie.2003,SweatshopsandRespectforPersons,
Business Ethics Quarterly 13(2):221-242.

Baum hart,Raymond.1968,AnHonestProfit:WhatBusinessmenSayAboutEthics
and Business,New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Articles

Members Conference on "Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics", (April

15, 2014),
Business Ethics in Respect of Bangladesh, January 2014.
Preventing another Bangladesh Tragedy: Three Ways to Transform
Supply Chain Ethic

Internet link:

http://www.thedailystar.net/bangladeshs-cpi-ranking-dips-53414
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/business-ethics.asp
https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Business_ethics.html
http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/cadbury-schweppes/ethical-business-practices/ethics-atwork.html#axzz3LCn4LU8F
http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/121081/business-ethicsand-anti-corruption-laws-bangladesh

http://www.scribd.com/doc/98506454/Business-Ethics-in-bangladesh
www.wikipedia.com

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