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Cogeneracin Industrial
Turbina 35 %
Entrada de
combustible
Caldera 85 %
Sistema de vapor
Caldera nmero 1
Carbn
Purga
Caldera nmero 2
Fuel oil pesado (HFO)
Purga
Caldera nmero 3
Gas metano
Purga
Electricidad
comprada
Demanda de vapor del
proceso de AP
Demanda elctrica del
sitio
Venteo
Descarga al desage
Agua de reposicin
Condensado del proceso
Condensado de la turbina
Eficiencia de la caldera: 80
%
Perodo de
funcionamiento:
8.760 h/ao
El condensado lquido saturado se
descarga de la carga a 2 bares
Electricidad
comprada:
0,10 $/kWh
Eficiencia isentrpica de la
turbina: 35 %
Qthermal = 14.300 kW
14.300
kg
=
= 5,45
= 19,63 Tph
(3.180,9 562,2)
s
9
Flujo de vapor en la
vlvula de alivio de
presin 19,6 Tph
Temperatura de
descarga del vapor de la
vlvulas de alivio de
presin: 355 C
(isentlpico)
Electricidad
comprada:
1.000 kW
0,10 $/kWh
Demanda trmica
2 bares de presin
BP
(14,3 MW)
10
11
kJ
= 3.180,9
kg
kJ
hTurbineout = 3.009,8
kg
kJ
hcondensate = 562,2
kg
Qthermal = 14,300 kW
P = 25 bares; T = 375 C
P = 2 bares; T = 271 C
kg
14.300
=
= 5,83 = 21,0 Tph
(3.009,8 562,2)
s
12
No se compra
electricidad
Flujo de
1.000 kW de
vapor = 21
produccin de
Tph
energa elctrica
Temperatura Eficiencia isentrpica de
del vapor =
la turbina: 35 %
271 C
Demanda trmica:
2 bares; 14,3 MW
13
(
h
)1.000
steam
h feedwater )
boiler
8.760
(
3180,9 463,5)
Energia = (21 19,6 )1.000
8.760 = 41.658 GJ
0,80
41.658 1.000 1000
Incremento del Costo de la Energia =
1,00 = $1.038.000
40.144
PCS del metano
14
16
No
Note: If Option 1 is chosen, the model will preferentially use the HP to LP turbine to balance the LP demand
35 %
42 t/h
2000 kW
Option 3 not selected
25
75
1500
2500
t/h
t/h
kW
kW
17
No
70 %
50 t/h
2000 kW
Option 3 not selected
25
75
1500
2500
t/h
t/h
kW
kW
18
No
70 %
50 t/h
2000 kW
Option 3 not selected
25
75
1500
2500
t/h
t/h
kW
kW
19
20
Note: If Option 1 is chosen, the model will preferentially use the HP to LP turbine to balance the LP demand
35 %
25
75
1500
2500
42 t/h
2000 kW
Option 3 not selected
t/h
t/h
kW
kW
21
22
Current Operation
4,380
110,572
421
115,373
After Projects
3,506
111,663
425
115,594
Reduction
874
-1,091
-4
-221
20.0%
-1.0%
-0.9%
-0.2%
On-Site Emissions
CO2 Emissions
SOx Emissions
NOx Emissions
Current Operation
221726 t/yr
0 t/yr
439 t/yr
After Projects
223914 t/yr
0 t/yr
443 t/yr
Reduction
-2188 t/yr
0 t/yr
-4 t/yr
-1.0%
N/A
-1.0%
Total Reduction
4036 t/yr
19 t/yr
10 t/yr
Note - Calculates the impact of the change in site power import on emissions from an external power station. Total reduction values are for site + power station
Utility Balance
Power Generation
Power Import
Total Site Electrical Demand
Boiler Duty
Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption
Boiler Steam Flow
Current Operation
1998 kW
5000 kW
6998 kW
140754 kW
Natural Gas
12622.3 Nm3/h
150.1 t/h
After Projects
2996 kW
4002 kW
6998 kW
142144 kW
Natural Gas
12746.9 Nm3/h
151.6 t/h
Reduction
998 kW
-
20.0%
-
-1389 kW
-124.6 Nm3/h
-1.5 t/h
-1.0%
-1.0%
-1.0%
89.68
100.00
89.68
100.00
73 m3/h
74 m3/h
-1 m3/h
-0.9%
23
24
Current Operation
5,475
110,572
421
116,468
After Projects
4,382
111,663
425
116,470
Reduction
1,093
-1,091
-4
-2
Utility Balance
Power Generation
Power Import
Total Site Electrical Demand
Current Operation
0 kW
5000 kW
5000 kW
After Projects
998 kW
4002 kW
5000 kW
Reduction
998 kW
-
20.0%
-
142144 kW
Natural Gas
12747 Nm3/h
151.6 t/h
-1392 kW
-124.8 Nm3/h
-1.5 t/h
-1.0%
-1.0%
-1.0%
Boiler Duty
Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption
Boiler Steam Flow
140753 kW
Natural Gas
12622.2 Nm3/h
150.1 t/h
20.0%
-1.0%
-0.9%
0.0%
89.68
125.00
89.68
125.00
76 m3/h
77 m3/h
-1 m3/h
-0.9%
25
Current Operation
4,380
55,286
421
60,087
After Projects
3,506
55,831
425
59,763
Reduction
874
-546
-4
325
20.0%
-1.0%
-0.9%
0.5%
Utility Balance
Power Generation
Power Import
Total Site Electrical Demand
Current Operation
0 kW
5000 kW
5000 kW
After Projects
998 kW
4002 kW
5000 kW
Reduction
998 kW
-
20.0%
-
Boiler Duty
Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption
Boiler Steam Flow
140753 kW
Natural Gas
12622.2 Nm3/h
150.1 t/h
142144 kW
Natural Gas
12747 Nm3/h
151.6 t/h
-1392 kW
-124.8 Nm3/h
-1.5 t/h
-1.0%
-1.0%
-1.0%
44.84
100.00
44.84
100.00
76 m3/h
77 m3/h
-1 m3/h
-0.9%
26
Current Operation
4,380
22,299
421
27,101
After Projects
3,506
22,519
425
26,450
Reduction
874
-220
-4
650
20.0%
-1.0%
-0.9%
2.4%
On-Site Emissions
CO2 Emissions
SOx Emissions
NOx Emissions
Current Operation
360803 t/yr
2621 t/yr
1007 t/yr
After Projects
364364 t/yr
2647 t/yr
1017 t/yr
Reduction
-3561 t/yr
-26 t/yr
-10 t/yr
-1.0%
-1.0%
-1.0%
Total Reduction
2664 t/yr
-7 t/yr
4 t/yr
Note - Calculates the impact of the change in site power import on emissions from an external power station. Total reduction values are for site + power station
Utility Balance
Power Generation
Power Import
Total Site Electrical Demand
Current Operation
1998 kW
5000 kW
6998 kW
After Projects
2996 kW
4002 kW
6998 kW
132645 kW
Typical Eastern Coal (Bituminous)
15 t/h
150.1 t/h
133954 kW
Typical Eastern Coal (Bituminous)
15.1 t/h
151.6 t/h
-1309 kW
-0.1 t/h
-1.5 t/h
-1.0%
-0.7%
-1.0%
19.19
100.00
19.19
100.00
73 m3/h
74 m3/h
-1 m3/h
-0.9%
Boiler Duty
Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption
Boiler Steam Flow
Reduction
998 kW
-
20.0%
-
27
La energa producida
es >> 1.000 kW
Una turbina con mayor eficiencia extrae ms energa elctrica del vapor por lo que
se reduce la entalpa del vapor del escape
Lo que da como resultado que las calderas generan ms vapor
28
La energa
producida es >>
1.000 kW
Una turbina con mayor eficiencia extrae ms energa elctrica del vapor por
lo que se reduce la entalpa del vapor del escape
Lo que da como resultado que las calderas generan ms vapor
29
Current Operation
4,380
110,716
422
115,518
After Projects
2,757
112,742
428
115,927
Reduction
1,623
-2,026
-7
-409
37.1%
-1.8%
-1.6%
-0.4%
On-Site Emissions
CO2 Emissions
SOx Emissions
NOx Emissions
Current Operation
222016 t/yr
0 t/yr
439 t/yr
After Projects
226078 t/yr
0 t/yr
448 t/yr
Reduction
-4062 t/yr
0 t/yr
-8 t/yr
-1.8%
N/A
-1.8%
Total Reduction
7498 t/yr
36 t/yr
18 t/yr
Note - Calculates the impact of the change in site power import on emissions from an external power station. Total reduction values are for site + power station
Utility Balance
Power Generation
Power Import
Total Site Electrical Demand
Boiler Duty
Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption
Boiler Steam Flow
Current Operation
2853 kW
5000 kW
7853 kW
140939 kW
Natural Gas
12638.9 Nm3/h
150.3 t/h
After Projects
4706 kW
3147 kW
7853 kW
143518 kW
Natural Gas
12870.1 Nm3/h
153.1 t/h
Reduction
1853 kW
-
37.1%
-
-2579 kW
-231.2 Nm3/h
-2.8 t/h
-1.8%
-1.8%
-1.8%
89.68
100.00
89.68
100.00
73 m3/h
74 m3/h
-1 m3/h
-1.6%
30
Costo del
combustible
Eficiencia
de la turbina
($ /Kwh)
($/GJ)
(%)
Eficiencia
de la
caldera del
SSAT
Electricidad
adicional
Vapor
adicional
Ahorro de
costos
(kW)
(Tph)
($K/ao)
(%)
0,100
25,0
35,0
81,7
998
1,5
(221)
0,125
25,0
35,0
81,7
998
1,5
(2)
0,100
12,5
35,0
81,7
998
1,5
325
0,100
5,4
35,0
86,7
998
1,5
650
0,100
25,0
65,0
81,7
1.853
2,8
(409)
31
turbinas de contrapresin
Power
Natural gas
Costo de la generacin
de energa elctrica con
la turbina de vapor
32
33
2.
3.
4.
5.
34
35
100 unidades de
energa trmica
73 unidades
de energa
trmica
Turbina de condensacin
Fuente: US DOE ITP Steam BestPractices Program
36
Turbina de condensacin
La eficiencia de la caldera
La presin de descarga de la
turbina
37
vapor hmedo
estrangulamiento
cambiar la turbina
aumentar la carga
Turbina de condensacin
Fuente: US DOE ITP Steam BestPractices Program
38
Turbina de condensacin
Fuente: US DOE ITP Steam BestPractices Program
39
Sistema de vapor
Caldera nmero 1
Carbn
Purga
Caldera nmero 2
Fuel oil pesado (HFO)
Purga
Caldera nmero 3
Gas metano
Purga
Electricidad comprada
Descarga al desage
Agua de reposicin
Condensado del proceso
Condensado de la turbina
40
70 %
bara
1000 kW
25 t/h
Turbina de condensacin
Eliminar la operacin de
una turbina
42
70 %
bara
1000 kW
25 t/h
43
Gran cambio
en la
demanda de
vapor
44
Current Operation
4,380
110,572
421
115,373
After Projects
5,256
105,851
420
111,527
Reduction
-876
4,720
2
3,846
On-Site Emissions
CO2 Emissions
SOx Emissions
NOx Emissions
Current Operation
221726 t/yr
0 t/yr
439 t/yr
After Projects
212260 t/yr
0 t/yr
420 t/yr
Reduction
9465 t/yr
0 t/yr
19 t/yr
Total Reduction
3227 t/yr
-19 t/yr
5 t/yr
-20.0%
4.3%
0.5%
3.3%
4.3%
N/A
4.3%
Note - Calculates the impact of the change in site power import on emissions from an external power station. Total reduction values are for site + power station
Utility Balance
Power Generation
Power Import
Total Site Electrical Demand
Boiler Duty
Fuel Type
Fuel Consumption
Boiler Steam Flow
Current Operation
1998 kW
5000 kW
6998 kW
140754 kW
Natural Gas
12622.3 Nm3/h
150.1 t/h
After Projects
998 kW
6000 kW
6998 kW
134746 kW
Natural Gas
12083.5 Nm3/h
143.7 t/h
Reduction
-1000 kW
-
-20.0%
-
6009 kW
538.8 Nm3/h
6.4 t/h
4.3%
4.3%
4.3%
89.68
100.00
89.68
100.00
73 m3/h
73 m3/h
0 m3/h
0.5%
45
Costo
[$/GJ]
40
60
80
2,0
56
39
30
4,0
111
78
60
6,0
167
116
89
8,0
223
155
119
10,0
278
194
149
12,0
334
233
179
Entrada de vapor
25
bares
Entrada de vapor
375
Salida de vapor
0,1
bar(a)
46
47
+10
25 % de flujo
+8
50 % de flujo
75 % de flujo
+4
100 % de flujo
0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
-4
-8
Presin del escape [mm de mercurio absoluto]
48
2.
3.
4.
5.
49
50