Bending, Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates Using Meshless Collocations

IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

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ISSN 2321-6441
A Publisher for Research Motivation........
Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015
Bending, Buckling and Free vibration analysis of

laminated composite plates using meshless
collocations
Jeeoot Singh1, Sandeep Singh2
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
2
Department of Applied Mechanics IIT Delhi, Delhi, 211004, India
ABSTRACT
The paper presents finite point formulation utilizing polynomial radial basis function for bending, buckling and free vibration
response of isotropic, composite and sandwich plates based on exponential higher order shear deformation theory. The
governing differential equations are obtained using energy principle, and are discretized using polynomial radial basis function
collocations. Several numerical results for simply supported isotropic, symmetric cross ply composite and sandwich plates are
presented. The effect of span to thickness ratio, orthotropy ratio and number of layers of the plate is also presented.
1.INTRODUCTION
Laminated composite and sandwich structures are used in many engineering applications such as aerospace,
automotive, submarines, sports etc. Composite plates are one of the most important structural elements that have been
studied by many researchers in the last six or seven decades. The significant increase of the industrial use of laminated
composites and sandwich construction calls for the development of new numerical tools/methods for the analysis of
such complicated structures. Several analytical and numerical techniques have been employed by many investigators for
studying the flexural, buckling and vibration responses of laminated composite and sandwich plates. Most widely used
solution techniques are series solution involving Fourier series, Chebyshev series and numerical tool such as finite
element, finite difference, and differential quadrature methods. In the recent years meshless methods like element free
Galerkin method, meshless local Patrov-Galerkin etc have been used. Inverse multiquadric radial basis function has
been used to analyze composite plates by Xiang et al (2009). The wavelet collocation method is used for analysis of
sandwich plates by Castro et al (2010). Ferreira (2003) presented the flexural analysis of laminated composite plates
using multiquadric radial basis function. The RBFs and wavelet collocation are applied for the static and vibration
analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates by Ferreira et al (2005, 2008, and 2009). Chen et al (2004)
studied the free vibration analysis of circular and rectangular plates, employing the radial basis function in the
imaginary-part of the fundamental solution. Liew and Huang (2003) used moving least-squares differential quadrature
for bending and buckling. Liew et al (2004a, 2004b) used reproducing kernel approximations and meshfree method for
buckling analysis of isotropic circular and skew plates. In the recent years, Ferreira et al (2011a, 2011b, and 2011c)
used wavelets and Wendland radial basis function for buckling analysis of laminated composite plates utilizing first
order and higher order shear deformation theory. In the present paper meshless method based on polynomial radial
basis function is used to study bending, buckling and free vibration response of simply supported isotropic, cross ply
laminated composite and sandwich plates.
2.MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
A square plate having edge length a along x and y directions, thickness h along z direction made up of perfectly bonded
layers of uniform thickness is considered and mathematical formulation of the actual physical problem of the laminated
composite plate subjected to mechanical loading is presented herein. The displacement field at any point in the
laminated composite plate based on higher order shear deformation is expressed as:
w
f z x
x
w
v ' x, y, z v x, y z
f z y
y
u ' x,y,z u x,y z
w ' x,y w x,y

(1)
(2)
(3)
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2 z h 2
Where, f (z ) ze
is transverse shear stress function proposed by Karama et al (2003) and the parameters u',
v' and w' are the in-plane and transverse displacements of the plate at any point (x, y, z) in x, y and z directions,
respectively. u, v and w are the displacements at mid plane of the plate at any point (x, y) in x, y and z directions,
respectively. The functions x and y are the higher order rotations of the normal to the mid plane due to shear
deformation about y and x axes, respectively. Combining assumed displacement field with linear strain-displacement
relations:
u
2w
z 2 f z x
x
x
x
2
y
v
w
yy
z 2 f z
y
y
y
2
y
u v
w
xy
2z
f z x f z
y x
xy
y
x
f z
xz
x
z
f z
yz
y
z
xx
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Assuming plane stress condition in the lamina, the constitutive stress-strain relations for kth lamina in the laminated
composite plate is expressed as:
0 xx
xx Q11 Q12 Q16 0

0 yy
yy Q12 Q22 Q26 0

0 xy
xy Q16 Q26 Q66 0
0
0
0 Q44 Q45 yz
yz

zx k 0
0
0 Q45 Q55 k zx k
(9)
Where, the parameters Qij are the transformed reduced stiffness coefficients for the lamina. The governing differential
equations of plate are obtained using Hamiltons principle and expressed as:
N x N xy
2x
2u
3w
I 0 2 I1
I
3
x
y
x 2
2
N xy N y
2 y
2v
3w
I 0 2 I1
I
3
x
y
y 2
2
(10)
(11)
2
2 M xy
2M x M y
2w
2 w
2w
2N
q z RHS
xb
yb
xyb
x 2
y 2
xy
x 2
y 2
xy
0
M 0x M xy
2u
3w
2 x
Q 0x 2 I3
I
I5
(13)
4
x
y
x 2
2
M 0xy M 0y
2y
2v
3w
0
Qy 2 I3
I4
I5
(14)
x
y
y 2
2
(12)
In equation (12)
4 x
4 y
4w
2 w 3u
3v
4w
I 2 2 2 2 I 2
RHS I 0 2
2
2 1
x 2 2 y 2 2 I3
The in-plane force and moment resultants due to stresses in the plate are obtained by integrating of stress over the
thickness of the plate and expressed as:
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h/2
N ij , Mij , M 0ij
, z , f z dz
ij
ij
ij
i, j = x, y
(15)
h/2
h/2
0
x
0
y
Q ,Q
xz
h/2
f
, yz dz
z
z k 1
A ij , B ij , D ij , E ij , Fij , H ij Q ij
k 1
z k 1
A ij Qij
k 1
zk
(16)
1, z, z
, f(z), (z)f(z), f 2 (z) dz i, j = 1, 2, 6 (17)
zk
2
f z
dz i, j = 4, 5
z
(18)
h/2
I0 , I1 , I 2 , I3 , I 4 , I5
1, z, z , f z , zf z , f z dz
2
(19)
h/2
The boundary conditions for simply supported edges are:
x 0, a : v 0; y 0; w 0; M x 0; N x 0
y 0, b : u 0; x 0; w 0; M y 0; N y 0
(20)
Equations of motion (10 14) and boundary conditions (20) are discretized using radial basis function to obtain linear
bending, buckling and free vibrations response using some substitutions.
Linear Bending Response
Applied in-plane forces and all the moment of inertias are set equal to zero, i.e.
N xb N yb N xyb I 0 I1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 0
(21)
Buckling Response
Applied transverse load and all the moment of inertias are set equal to zero, i.e.
q z I 0 I1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 0
(22)
Free Vibration Response

Applied in-plane forces and transverse load are equal to zero, i.e.
q z N xb N yb N xyb 0
u Ueit ; v Veit ; w Weit ; x x eit ; y y e it
(23)
3.Polynomial Radial Basis Function

Radial basis function based meshless formulation works on the principle of interpolation of scattered data over entire
domain as shown in Figure 1. Thin plate spline radial basis function is expressed as:
g rc
(24)
x x y y
2
r XX
j
j
j
Where,
In the present work polynomial radial basis function is used for solving the plate governing differentials equations. The
singularity in present RBF when i = j is avoided by adding infinitesimal value of the order 10-10. The solution of
governing differential equations is assumed as:
N
(21)
(22)
u uj g X X j , c
j1
N
v vj g X X j , c
j1
w wj g X X j , c
(23)
j1
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N
(24)
(25)
x j x g X X j , c
j1
N
y j y g X X j , c
j1
Where, g X X j , c is radial basis function, j is unknown coefficient. X X j is the radial distance between
two nodes. For the each interior node the first governing differential equations in form of displacement are discretized
using radial basis function for static analysis is expressed as:
N
u
j
j1
2g
2g
2g
A11 2 A 66 2 2A16
x
y
xy
2g
2g
2g
2g
v
j 12
16
66
26
xy
x 2
xy
y 2
j1
j1
w
j
3g
3g
3g
3g
3g
3g
B11 3 B12
2
B
2
B
B
16
16
66
26
x
xy 2
yx 2
yx 2
xy 2
y 3
(26)
2g
2g
2g
2g
y
j 12
16
22
66
xy
xy
x 2
y 2
j1
2g
2g
2g
x
2
E
j 11
16
66
xy
x 2
y 2
j1
The remaining governing differential equations and boundary conditions are discretized in the similar manner and will
cast matrix form of simultaneous equation as:
Figure 1: Discretization of plate geometry domain in finite number of nodes (1010) for meshless formulation
Au P
(27)
4.Results and Discussion

The several numerical examples are solved for demonstration of accuracy of the present method. In the present work
isotropic, three and four layered cross ply laminated and sandwich plates with simply supported boundary conditions
subjected to transverse load are undertaken.
4.1Bending Response
In order to show the accuracy and efficiency of the present solution methodology using polynomial radial basis
function, detailed convergence study is carried out taking c = 5 and 7. A four layered symmetric cross ply plate having
a/h =100 and subjected to transverse sinusoidal load of maximum intensity of q0 at centre of plate is considered. The
sinusoidal form of the load is expressed as:
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q q o sin sin
a b

ISSN 2321-6441
(28)
The relative material properties for the lamina are taken as:
E1 = 25; E2 = 1; G12 = G13= 0.5; G23=0.2; 12=0.25;
The deflection and stresses are presented in non dimensional form using expressions:
a a
a a h
100h 3 E 2 w , ,0
h 2 x , ,
2 2 ;
2 2 2 ;
w
x
4
q0a
q0a 2
h
a a h
h 2 xy 0,0,
h 2y , ,
2
2 2 2 ;
;
(29)
y
xy
2
2
q 0a
q 0a
Table 1: Convergence of present method for central deflection of [0/90/90/0] cross ply plate subjected to transverse
sinusoidal load
Table 2: Central deflection and stresses of isotropic plate subjected to transverse uniform distributed load
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Table 3: Central deflection and stresses of four layered [0/90/90/0] symmetric cross ply plate under
transverse sinusoidal load
Table 4: Central deflection and stresses of three layered [0/90/0] symmetric cross ply plate under transverse
sinusoidal load
Table 5: Central deflection and stresses of three layered sandwich plate subjected to uniform pressure
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Table 1 shows the convergence of polynomial radial basis function. It is observed that solution is converged almost at
1919 grid size and results are compared with analytical solution of Reddy (1984) utilizing higher order shear
deformation theory, exact solution due to Pagano (1970) and inverse multiquadric results due to Xiang et al (2009) and
found to be reasonable accurate.
The non-dimenaional deflection and stress in simply supported isotropic plate subjected uniform transverse pressure q0
are obtained and shown is Table 2. The present results are compared with finite element based results due to Reddy
(2005) and inverse multiquadric results due to Xiang et al (2009) utilizing higher order shear deformation theory. It is
observed that present results are within reasonable accuracy.
The flexural response of three and four layered symmetric cross ply laminated square plate subjected to transverse
sinusoidal load with maximum intensity q0 at the centre of plate is obtained. The non-dimensional stresses and central
deflection of four layered [0/90/90/0] symmetric cross ply plate with different span to thickness ratio are presented in
Table 3. The results are compared with analytical results due to Reddy (1984) utilizing higher order shear deformation
theory, wavelets collocation based results due to Xiang (2009) and exact solution of Pagano (1970). The nondimensional stresses and central deflection of [0/90/0] symmetric cross ply plate are presented in Table 4. The results
are compared with analytical results due to Kant and Swaminathan (2002) and inverse multiquadric results due to
Xiang et al (2009) and good agreement is observed.
The non-dimensional deflection and stress in simply supported three layered sandwich plate made up of orthotropic
core and face plates having a/h = 10 and R =10, thickness of skin h s = 0.8h, thickness of core hc = 0.8h subjected to
uniform transverse pressure q0 is obtained.
The material properties of the orthotropic core are taken as:
core
0
0
0
0.999781 0.231192
0.231192 0.524886
0
0
0
0
0
0.262931
0
0
0
0
0
0.266810
0
0
0
0
0
0.159914
Skins material properties are related with core properties by a factor R as,
Qskin R Q core
(30)
The present results are presented in non dimensional for using expressions:
a a
0.999781 w , ,0
2 2 ;
w
q0h
a a h
1x , ,
2 2 2
;
1x
q0
a a 2h
a a 2h
2x , ,
2x , ,
2 2 5
3
2 2 5 ;
x2
; x
q0
q0
a a h
1y , ,
2 2 2
;
1y
q0
a a 2h
a a 2h
2y , ,
2y , ,
2 2 5
3
2 2 5 ;
y2
; y
q0
q0
a
2xz 0, ,0
2 ;
1xz
q0
(31)
The normalized stresses and transverse displacements of simply supported three layered sandwich plate subjected to
uniformly distributed load is obtained for different values of R and shown along with the results due to Srinivas (1973),
multiquadric results due to Xiang et al (2009) and wavelet collocation results due to Castro et al (2010) and are
presented in Table 5 and It is observed that the results are in good agreement.
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4.2Buckling Response
In order to show accuracy and convergence of the present method square cross ply [0/90/0] moderately thick laminate
composite plate having a/h = 10 subjected to uniaxial compression with simply supported edges is considered. The
relative material properties of an orthotropic lamina are taken as:
E1/E2 = 3, 10, 20, 30, 40; G12 = G13 = 0.6E2; G23 = 0.5E2; 12 = 0.25
The convergence of non dimensional critical buckling load using fifth and seventg order polynomial radial basis
functions is shown Table 6. The convergence with less than 0.5% is achieved for 2121 domain nodes for both
polynomials. The present results are compared with earlier published results due to Reddy and Phan (1985) utilizing
first order and higher order shear deformation theories and wavelets results due to Ferreira et al (2011b) utilizing first
order shear deformation theory. It is observed that the present results are reasonably accurate for different values of
shape parameters and orthotropy ratio E1/E2.
The results are presented in non dimensional form using expression:
N cr
N cr a 2
E 2h 3
(32)
The critical buckling load for square orthotropic plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compression with simply
supported edges is obtained using fifth order polynomial and presented in Table 7. The relative material properties of
an orthotropic lamina are taken as:
E1/E2 = 25; G12 = G13 = 0.5E2; G23 = 0.2E2; 12 = 0.25
The present results are compared with analytical solution due to Reddy (2004) utilizing first order shear deformation
theory and finite element solution due to Sundaresan et al (1998) and observed to be in good agreement. The variation
of the buckling load factor of orthotropic plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial edge compressive loading with plate
span to thickness ratio a/h is shown in Figure 2 and it is observed that buckling load factor becomes almost constant for
plate having span to thickness ratio beyond 40.
The critical buckling load of cross ply laminated plates with simply supported edges subjected to uniaxial and biaxial
compression along with in-plane shear is obtained and presented in Table 8. The effect of span to thickness ratio and
orthotropy ratio on the critical buckling load is also studied.
The relative material properties of an orthotropic lamina are taken as
E1/E2 = 3, 10, 20, 30, 40; G12 = G13 = 0.6E2; G23 = 0.5E2; 12 = 0.25
Table 6: Convergence of present method for critical buckling load Ncr of [0/90/0] cross ply plate having a/h = 10
subjected to uniaxial edge compression
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Table 7: Critical buckling load Ncr of an orthotropic plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compression with
different span to thickness ratio
a/h
Loading
Present
(c = 5)
Sundaresan
(1998)
Reddy
(2004)
Uniaxial
6.3987
---------
---------
Biaxial
2.4677
---------
---------
Uniaxial
15.9953
15.874
15.874
Biaxial
5.8893
5.8372
5.8370
Uniaxial
20.9554
---------
20.953
Biaxial
7.6986
---------
7.5550
Uniaxial
23.0087
---------
---------
Biaxial
8.3726
---------
---------
Uniaxial
23.3342
23.381
23.381
Biaxial
8.4790
8.3698
8.3690
10
20
50
100
Table 8: Effect of number of layers on critical buckling load Ncr for symmetric cross ply plate having a/h = 10
subjected to biaxial compression (c = 5)
Loading
No of
Layers
Orthotropy Ratio, E1/E2

3
10
20
30
40
5.3870
9.8389
14.9098
18.9418
22.2163
5.4042
10.0983
15.8320
20.8625
24.8239
5.4078
10.1574
16.0457
21.1225
25.4601
5.4091
10.1812
16.1283
21.2347
25.7484
2.6919
4.9129
7.4507
9.1130
10.4960
2.7010
5.0562
7.9265
10.3590
12.4309
2.7028
5.0736
8.0231
10.6987
12.7457
2.7035
5.1106
8.0354
10.7845
12.8697
2.5567
4.6069
6.8816
8.2065
9.4383
2.5672
4.7765
7.4020
9.5390
11.2684
2.5693
4.7775
7.4938
9.7356
11.6214
2.5701
4.7932
7.5407
9.8961
11.7604
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Biaxial +
In-plane
shear
The effect of number layers on buckling load for square cross ply plate having a/h = 10 subjected to uniaxial
compression with different value of orthotropy ratio is studied. It is observed that increase in bucking load of nine
layered laminate is 0.58% and 9.99% as compared three layered laminate when orthotropy ratio is taken as 3 and 40,
respectively. Figures 3 and 4 depicts the same and it is observed that the effect of number of layers is negligible for
lower value of orthotropy ratio due to higher isotropy. It is seen that buckling load increases with increase in orthotropy
ratio, however increase in higher for plate having more number of layers.
The critical buckling load for simply supported square symmetric angle ply plate [45/45/45/45] having a/h =10
subjected to uniaxial and biaxial loading is obtained using and shown in Table 9 along with the Wendland radial basis
function based results of Ferreira et al (2011c) utilizing third order shear deformation theory and found to be reasonably
accurate.
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Table 9: Critical buckling load Ncr for [45/45/45/45] angle ply square plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial
edge compression (c = 5)
a/h
Loading
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Source
5
10
20
100
Present (99)
14.9142
30.9871
41.8660
49.2358
Present (1313)
11.9140
21.2796
41.7859
48.2674
Present (1717)
11.1515
27.0984
41.3988
47.9603
Present (2121)
10.8411
26.7152
41.2453
47.8635
Ferreira et al (2011c)
10.4491
26.4454
40.4615
43.6052
Present (99)
7.8003
15.5911
21.3791
24.3518
Present (1313)
7.4561
13.6385
20.9820
24.1714
Present (1717)
7.1287
14.8468
20.7882
24.0173
Present (2121)
7.0629
14.7353
20.7113
23.9688
Ferreira et al (2011c)
6.9890
14.5900
20.4246
22.5857
Figure 2: Effect of span to thickness ratio on critical buckling load of orthotropic plate subjected to uniaxial
and biaxial loading
Figure 3: Effect of number of layers on critical buckling load for symmetric cross ply plate having a/h = 10
under uniaxial loading
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Figure 4: Effect of number of layers on critical buckling load for symmetric cross ply plate having a/h = 10
under biaxial loading
4.3Free Vibrations Response
Thick and thin isotropic square plates having Modulus of elasticity 1GPa, Poissons ratio 0.3 is considered for
convergence study. The convergence of the frequency parameter (1) is shown in Table 10. The present results are
compared with Wendland radial basis function based results due to Ferreira et al (2011a) utilizing first order shear
deformation theory and reproducing kernel particle approximations based meshless results due to Liew et at (2004a)
and found to be reasonably accurate. Non dimensional frequency parameters are expressed as:
1 a
a 2
h
(33)
E2
(34)
Table 11 presents the frequency parameter (1) for first eight modes of simply supported square plate having a/h =100
using polynomial radial basis functions along with meshless results due to Ferreira et al (2011a) and Liew et al (2004a)
and found to be reasonably accurate.
Table 10: Convergence study for frequency parameter (1) of simply supported isotropic plate having a/h =100
c=5
Source
c=7
a/h = 10
a/h = 100
a/h = 10
a/h = 100
Present (77)
0.9362
0.0951
1.0169
0.1053
Present (99)
0.9442
0.0960
0.9464
0.0979
Present (1111)
0.9453
0.0962
0.9359
0.0969
Present (1313)
0.9454
0.0962
0.9328
0.0965
Present (1515)
0.9453
0.0962
0.9315
0.0964
Ferreira et al (2011a)
0.9300
0.0963
0.9300
0.0963
Liew et al (2004a)
0.9220
0.0961
0.9220
0.0961
Table 11: Frequency parameter (1) of simply supported isotopic having a/h =100 for first eight modes using
different radial basis functions
Mode
Present
(c = 5)
Present
(c = 7)
Ferreira et al
(2011a)
Liew et al
(2004a)
0.0962
0.0964
0.0963
0.0961
0.2416
0.2405
0.2401
0.2419
0.2416
0.2405
0.2403
0.2419
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4
0.3912
0.3849
0.3846
0.3860
0.4805
0.4794
0.4802
0.4898
0.4834
0.4795
0.4806
0.4898
0.6393
0.6245
0.6253
0.6315
0.6393
0.6245
0.6253
0.6315
Table 12: Frequency parameter (2) of simply supported orthotropic plate for values of different span to
thickness ratio
a/h
Present
(c = 5)
Present
(c = 7)
Reddy
(2004)
9.6207
9.4153
8.909
10
12.6645
12.6668
12.452
20
14.4096
14.4494
14.355
50
15.0558
15.1290
15.077
100
15.1574
15.2360
15.190
The frequency parameter (2) of simply supported square orthotropic plate is obtained using fifth and seventh order
polynomial radial basis functions. The relative material properties of an orthotropic lamina are taken as:
E1/E2 = 25; G12 = G13 = 0.5E2; G23 = 0.2E2; 12 = 0.25
The effect of span to thickness ratio on frequency parameter (2) is presented in Table 12. Present results are compared
with analytical results due to Reddy (2004) utilizing first order shear deformation theory and good agreement is
observed.
A square four layered symmetric cross ply plates with simply supported edge conditions are considered. The effects of
span to thickness ratio and orthotropy ratio on the frequency parameter (2) are also studied.
Figure 5: Effect of orthotropy and span to thickness ratio on frequency parameter of simply supported
[0/90/90/0] cross ply plate
The relative material properties of an orthotropic lamina are taken as:
E1/E2 = 3, 10, 20, 30, 40; G12 = G13 = 0.6E2; G23 = 0.5E2; 12 = 0.25
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The effect of span to thickness ratio and orthotropy ratio E1/E2 for symmetric [0/90/90/0] cross ply plate on frequency
parameter (2) using fifth and seventh order polynomial radial basis function is presented in Table 13 and present
results are compared with analytical solution of Aydogdu (2009) utilizing new shear deformation theory and found to
be in good agreement. Figure 5 depicts the same and it is observed that beyond a/h = 40 the frequency parameter
becomes almost constant as expected.
5.CONCLUSION
The linear flexural, buckling and free vibration response of laminated composite and sandwich plate subjected to
sinusoidal and uniformly distributed loading is obtained using thin plate spline radial basis function and higher order
shear deformation theory. Present results show reasonably good accuracy for all the cases. The effects of various a/h
ratios are also discussed, showing the applicability of present solution methodology and can be applied to plates having
complex geometry and loading conditions.
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