Reaction Paper: Principles of Protective Relaying

Resource Speaker: Engr. Federico Cudia

Date of Seminar: July 2, 2014

Principles of protective relaying are one of the sufficient knowledge that an

electrical engineering student should know and understand especially its application in
power system industry. Last July 2, 2014 Engr. Cudia was invited in our university to
speak about the principles of protective relaying at CEA AVR from 9:00am to 12nn.
The speaker discussed the topic about relays which gives me an insights
on how does a relay works and what is it purpose in different electrical devices that are
being used in the field of Electrical Engineering. What Ive learned is that commonly
relay is a switch in nature in opens the circuit momentarily depends upon on its use.
Relay is not just only a switch rather it is also a protective device to give protection in
different equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, switch gears and so on.
Normally protective relays are installed in equipment that is expensive.
This seminar gives me the knowledge on what is a Relay and how quality
it is serving as a protection like what Engr. Cudia says that a relay must achieve the
qualities of protection criteria such as selectivity, speed, sensitivity, reliability, simplicity
and engineering economy. These are the qualities that a relay should have. Ive learned
that the operation of relay consist of a Current Transformer serving as the sensor, Relay
itself serving as initiator and the circuit breaker acting as the isolator. On its operation
the Current transformer will sense the amount of current flowing on the circuit knowing
that the secondary of winding of current transformer is equal to 5A. If the current
transformer senses that the current on both ends are not equal the relay will initiate the

scenario (particularly a differential relay which is commonly used in substations) and the
breaker will isolate and will cut the line and opens the circuit. In this seminar the
speaker also gives us the different types of relays and their common application in the
field one of these is the distance relay which is commonly used in transmissions lines
which the current travels in long distances.
Overall the seminar conducted was an informative one especially this
seminar gives us a lot of knowledge about relays that is directly related to our subject
Power Systems. Truly relays have a big role in the operation of the Power System all in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution thanks to Engr. Cudia for his time and for his
impartations and Im excited for more of seminars that will conducted in this subject.