SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

QNo 1. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the beam as
shown in fig

QNo 2 Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the beam as shown
in fig

QNo 3. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the beam as
shown in fig

QNo 4. Draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams for the beam loaded as shown in Fig.,
and determine (a) the position and magnitude of the maximum B.M., and (b) the
position of any point of contraflexure.

QNo5. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the beam as shown
in fig

QNo6. A beam ABCDE is simply supported at A and D. It carries the following

loading: a distributed load of 30 kN/m between A and B a concentrated load of 20
kN at B; a concentrated load of 20 kN at C; a concentrated load of 10 kN at E; a
distributed load of 60 kN/m between D and E. Span AB = 1.5 m, BC = CD = DE =
1 m. Calculate the value of the reactions at A and D and hence draw the S.F. and
B.M. diagrams. What are the magnitude and position of the maximum B.M. on the
beam?
Ans: [41.1, 113.9kN; 28.15kNm; 1.37m from A.]
QNo7. A beam ABCD, 6 m long, is simply-supported at the right-hand end D and
at a point B lm from the lefthand end A. It carries a vertical load of 10 kN at A, a
second concentrated load of 20 kN at C, 3 m from D, and a uniformly distributed
load of 10 kN/m between C and D. Determine:
(a) the values of the reactions at B and D,
(b) the position and magnitude of the maximum bending moment.
Ans : [33 kN, 27 kN, 2.7 m from D, 36.45 k Nm.]
QNo8. Define a beam. What is a cantilever, a simply supported and a overhung
beam? What is the point of contraflexure ? Draw the shear force and bending
moment diagram for the beam as shown in fig

QNo9. Determine the maximum shearing force and bending moment in the simply
supported beam shown in Fig. 6-32. Ans. 15 383 N, 8897 N m

QNo10. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the beam as
shown in fig

PURE BENDING OF BEAM

QNo1. A uniform T-section beam is 100 mm wide and 150 mm deep with a flange
thickness of 25 mm and a web thickness of 12 mm. If the limiting bending stresses
for the material of the beam are 80 MN/m 2 in compression and 160 MN/m2 in
tension, find the maximum u.d.1. that the beam can carry over a simply supported
span of 5 m.
QNo2. A simply supported rectangular beam with symmetrical section 200mm in
depth has moment of inertia of 2.26 x 10 -5 m4 about its neutral axis. Determine the
longest span over which the beam would carry a uniformly distributed load of
4KN/m run such that the stress due to bending does not exceed 125 MN/m2.
QNo3. A rectangular beam of 200 mm in width and 400 mm in depth is simply
supported over a span of 4m and carries a distributed load of 10 KN/m. Determine
maximum bending stress in the beam.
QNo4. A wooden beam of rectangular cross section is subjected to a bending
moment of 5KNm. If the depth of the section is to be twice the breadth and stress
in wood is not to exceed 60N/cm2. Find the dimension of the cross section of the
beam.
QNo5. A beam having I section is shown in fig is subjected to a bending moment
of 500 Nm at its Neutral axis. Find maximum stress induced in the beam.

QNo6. A cast iron bracket subjected to bending has cross section of I form with
unequal flanges. If maximum Bending moment on the section is 40 MN-mm,
determine Maximum bending stress. What should be the nature of stress?

QNo7. A C.I. water pipe 450 mm bore and 500 mm outer dia is supported at two
points 9 m apart. Find maximum stress when pipe is running full. CI = 7.2 gm/c.c.,
and that of water is 1000 Kg/m3.
QNo8. A rectangular beams is to be cut out of a cylinder log of wood with diameter d. Determine the
ratio of depth to width of the strongest beam which can be had from log wood

TORSION
QNo1. A solid shaft transmits power at the rate of 2000KW at the speed of 60RPM. If the safe
allowable stress is 80MN/m2, find the minimum diameter of the shaft.
QNo2. A solid circular shaft transmits 75kW power at 200 rpm. Calculate the shaft diameter, if the
twist in the shaft is not to exceed 1 in 2m length and the shear strength is limited to 50 MN/m2. Take G
= 100GN/m2.
QNo3. A torque of 1 KN-m is applied to a 40 mm diameter rod of 3 m length. Determine the
maximum shearing stress induced and the twist produced. Take G = 80GPa.
QNo4. A solid shaft of mild steel 200 mm in diameter is to be replaced by hollow shaft of alloy steel
for which the allowable shear stress is 22% greater. If the power to be transmitted is to be increased by
20% and the speed of rotation increased by 6%, determine the maximum internal diameter of the hollow
shaft. The external diameter of the hollow shaft is to be 200 mm.
QNo5. A solid shaft is replaced by a hollow one. The external diameter of which is 5/4 times the
internal diameter. Allowing the same intensity of torsional stress in each, compare the weight and the
stiffness of the solid with that of the hollow shaft.
QNo6. The diameter of a shaft is 20cm. Find the safe maximum torque which can be transmitted by
the shaft if the permissible shear stress in the shaft material be 4000 N/cm 2. and permissible angle of
twist is 0.2 degree per meter length. Take G = 8 106 N/cm2. If the shaft rotates at 320 r.p.m. what
maximum power can be transmitted by the shaft.
QNo7. A steel shaft as shown below is subjected to equal and opposite torque at
the ends. Find the maximum permissible value of d for the maximum shearing
stress in AB not to exceed that in CD. Calculate the total angle of twist, if the
torque applied is 500N-m. G = 80,000 N/mm2.
QNo8. A compound shaft is made up of a steel rod of 50 mm diameter surrounded
by a closely fitted brass tube. When a torque of 9 KN-m is applied on this shaft, its
60% is shared by the steel rod and the rest by brass tube. If shear modulus for
steel is 85 GPa and for brass it is 45GPa.
Calculate

(a) The outside diameter of brass tube.

(b) Maximum shear stress induced in steel and brass.

STRESS AND STRAIN

QNo1. A circular rod of diameter 20 m and 500 m long is subjected to tensile force
of 45kN. The modulus of elasticity for steel may be taken as 200 kN/m 2. Find
stress, strain and elongation of bar due to applied load.
QNo2. A rod 100 cm long and of 2 cm x 2 cm cross-section is subjected to a pull of
1000 kg force. If the modulus of elasticity of the materials 2.0 x 106 kg/cm 2,
determine the elongation of the rod.
QNo3. A hollow cast-iron cylinder 4 m long, 300 mm outer diameter, and
thickness of metal 50 mm is subjected to a central load on the top when standing
straight. The stress produced is 75000 kN/m 2. Assume Young's modulus for cast
iron as 1.5 x 108 KN/m2 find
(i) magnitude of the load,
(ii) longitudinal strain produced and
(iii) total decrease in length.
QNo4. The following data was recorded during tensile test made on a standard
tensile test specimen:
Original diameter and gauge length =25 mm and 80 mm;
Minimum diameter at fracture =15 mm;
Distance between gauge points at fracture = 95 mm;
Load at yield point and at fracture = 50 kN and 65 kN;
Maximum load that specimen could take = 86 kN.
Make calculations for
(a) Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and breaking strength
(b) Percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area after fracture
(c) Nominal and true stress and fracture.
QNo5. A steel bar is 900 mm long; its two ends are 40 mm and 30 mm in diameter
and the length of each rod is 200 mm. The middle portion of the bar is 15 mm in

diameter and 500 mm long. If the bar is subjected to an axial tensile load of 15 kN,
find its total extension. Take E = 200 GN/ m2 .
QNo6. A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3 and P4 as shown in Fig.
Calculate the force P3,necessary for equilibrium if P1 = 120 kN, P2 = 220 kN and P4
= 160 kN.
Determine also the net change in length of the member. Take E = 200 GN/m2.

QNo7. The bar shown in Fig. is subjected to an axial pull of 150kN. Determine
diameter of the middle portion if stress there is limited to 125N/mm2. Proceed to
determine the length of this middle portion if total extension of the bar is specified
as 0.15 mm. Take modulus of elasticity of bar material E = 2 105 N/mm2.

QNo8. A rod ABCD rigidly fixed at the ends A and D is subjected to two equal and
opposite forces P = 25 kN at B and C as shown in the fig given below: Make
calculations for the axial stresses in each section of the rod .

QNo9. A square bar of 25 mm side is held between two rigid plates and loaded by
an axial pull equal to 300kN as shown in Fig.. Determine the reactions at end A and
C and elongation of the portion AB. Take E = 2 105 N/mm2.

QNo10. A steel bar is subjected to loads as shown in fig. . Determine the change
in length of the bar ABCD of 18 cm diameter. E = 180 kN/mm2.

QNo11. For the bar shown in Fig. 14.31, calculate the reaction produced by the
lower support on the bar. Take E = 200 GN/m2. Find also the stresses in the bars.

QNo12. A 700 mm length of aluminium alloy bar is suspended from the ceiling so
as to provide a clearance of 0.3 mm between it and a 250 mm length of steel bar
as shown in Fig. 14.32. Aal = 1250 mm2, Eal = 70 GN/m2, As = 2500 mm2, Es = 210
GN/m2. Determine the stress in the aluminium and in the steel due to a 300kN load
applied 500 mm from the ceiling.

QNo13. Two copper rods one steel rod lie in a vertical plane and together support
a load of 50kN as shown in Fig. . Each rod is 25 mm in diameter, length of steel
rod is 3 m and length of each copper rod is 2m. If modulus of elasticity of steel is
twice that of copper, make calculations for the stress induced in each rod. It may
be presumed that each rod deforms by the same amount.

QNo14. A beam weighing 50 N is held in horizontal position by three wires. The

outer wires are of brass of 1.8 mm dia and attached to each end of the beam. The
central wire is of steel of 0.9 mm diameter and attached to the middle of the
beam. The beam is rigid and the wires are of the same length and unstressed
before the beam is attached. Determine the stress induced in each of the wire.
Take Young's modulus for brass as 80 GN/m2 and for steel as 200 GN/m2.

QNo15. A steel rod 20 mm diameter passes centrally through a steel tube 25 mm

internal diameter and 40 mm external diameter. The tube is 750 mm long and is
closed by rigid washers of negligible thickness which are fastened by nuts
threaded on the rod. The nuts are tightened until the compressive load on the tube
is 20kN. Calculate the stresses in the tube and the rod. Find the increase in these
stresses when one nut is tightened by one quarter of a turn relative to the other.
There are 0.4 threads per mm length. Take E = 200 GN/m2.
QNo16. Two parallel walls 6 m apart, are stayed together by a steel rod 20 mm
diameter, passing through metal plates and nuts at each end. The nuts are
tightened, when the rod is at a temperature of 100C. Determine the stress in the
rod, when the temperature falls down to 20C, if
(1) The ends do not yield.
(2) The ends yield by 1mm.
Take E = 2.0 105N/mm2, as = 12 106/C
QNo17. A copper rod 15 mm diameter, 0.8 m long is heated through 50C. What
is its expansion when free to expand? Suppose the expansion is prevented by
gripping it at both ends, find the stress, its nature and the force applied by the
grips, when:
(i) The grips do not yield.
(ii) One grip yields back by 0.5 mm.
Take c = 18.5 10-6/C and EC = 1.25 105 N/mm2

THERMAL STRESSES
QNo18. A steam pipe is 30 m long at a temperature of 15C. Steam at 180C is
passed through the pipe. Calculate the increase in length when the pipe is free to
expand. What stress is induced in the material if the expansion is prevented ?
(E = 200 GN/m2, = 0.000012 per C)
QNo19. A steel rod 2.5 m long is secured between two walls. If the load on the rod
is zero at 20C, compute the stress when the temperature drops to -20C. The
cross-sectional area of the rod is 1200 mm2, = 11.7 m/(mC), and E = 200GPa,
assuming
(a) that the walls are rigid and
(b) that the walls spring together a total distance of 0.5 mm as the temperature
drops.
QNo20. A circular bar of length 400 mm and tapering uniformly from 50 mm to 25
mm diameter is held between rigid supports at the ends. Calculate the maximum
and minimum stress developed in the bar when the temperature is raised by 30C.
Take E = 2 105 N/mm2 and =1.2 105 perC.
QNo21. A steel tube with 2.4 cm external diameter and 1.8 cm internal diameter
encloses a copper rod 1.5 cm diameter to which it is rigidly joined at each end. If at
a temperature of 10C, there is no longitudinal stress, calculate the stresses in the
rod and tube when the temperature is raised to 200C. ES = 210,000 N/mm2, s =
11 10-6/C, EC = 100,000 N/mm2, C = 18 10-6/C.
QNo22. A steel bar is placed between two copper bars each having the same area
and length as the steel bar at 15C. At this stage they are rigidly connected
together at both ends. When the temperature is raised to 315C the length of the
bar increases by 1.50 mm. Determine the original length and the final stresses in
the bars. Take, ES = 2.1 105 MPa, EC . = 1 105 N/mm2, S = 0.000012 per C,
C,. = 0.0000175 per C.
QNo23. The composite bar consisting of steel and aluminium components as
shown in Fig. Is connected to two grips at the ends at a temperature of 60C. Find
the stresses in the two rods when the temperature fall to 20C
(i) if the ends do not yield,
(ii) if the ends yield by 0.25 mm.
Take ES = 2 105 and Ea = 0.7 105 N/mm 2, s = 1.17 105 and a = 2.34
105 perC. The
areas of steel and aluminium bars are 250 mm2 and 375 mm2 respectively.

PRINCIPAL STRESS AND STRAIN

QNo1. In an elastic material, the direct stresses of 120 MN/m 2 and 90 MN/m2 are
applied at a certain point on planes at right angles to each other in tension and

compressive respectively. Estimate the shear stress to which material could be

subjected, if the maximum principal stress is 150 MN/m 2. Also find the magnitude
of other principal stress and its inclination to 120 MN/m2.
QNo2. A load carrying member is subjected to the following stress condition;
Tensile stress x = 400MPa;
Tensile stress y = 300MPa;
Shear stress xy = 200MPa (Clock wise);
Obtain
(1) Principal stresses and their plane
(2) Maximum shearing stress and its plane
QNo3. The state of stress at a point in a loaded component principal stresses is
found to be as given below : x =50 GN/m2; y =150 GN/m2; xy =100
GN/m2;Determine the principal stresses and maximum shearing stress. Find the
orientations of the planes on which they act
QNo4. A plane element is subjected to following stresses x = 120KN/m2 (tensile),
y = 40 KN/m2 (Compressive) and xy = 50KN/m2 (counter clockwise on the plane
perpendicular to x-axis)
find
(1) Principle stress and their direction
(2) Maximum shearing stress and its directions.
(3) Also, find the resultant stress on a plane inclined 400 with the x-axis.
QNo5. At a point in a stressed body, the principal stresses are x = 80 kN/m2
(tensile) and y = 40 kN/m2 (Compressive). Determine normal and tangential
stresses on planes whose normal are at 30 arid 120 with x-axis using Mohrs
stress circle Method.
QNo6.The strain measured on a strain rosette are as follows
0o=45010-6 , 600= -60010-6 , 1200=15010-6
Determine the stresses and their directions E=200GPa and Poissons ratio=o.3
A steel bar of solid circular cross-section is 50 mm in diameter. The bar is
pinned at both ends and subjected to axial compression. If the limit of
proportionality of the material is 210 MPa and E = 200 GPa, determine the m
minimum length to which Eulers formula is valid. Also determine the value
of Eulers buckling load if the column has this minimum length.

Thin Cylinder and Principal Stress

1. A boiler is subjected to an internal steam pressure of 2 N/mm 2. The thickness of
boiler plate is 2.0 cm and permissible tensile stress is 120 N/mm 2. Find out the
maximum diameter, when efficiency of longitudinal joint is 90% and circumference
joint is 40%.
2. A cylindrical shell is 1.5 m diameter and 4 m long closed at both ends is subjected
internal pressure of 3 N/mm2. Maximum circumferential stress is not to exceed 150
N/mm2. Find changes in diameter, length, and volume of the cylinder. E = 2 x 10 5
N/mm2, Poissons ratio = 0.25.
3. A cylinder has an internal diameter of 230 mm, wall thickness 5 mm and is 1 m
long. It is found to change in internal volume by 12 x 10 -6 m3 when filled with a liquid

at a pressure p. Taking E = 200 GPa and Poissons ratio = 0.25, determine the
stresses in the cylinder, the changes in its length and internal diameter.
4. A cast iron pipe of 300 mm internal diameter and 12 mm thick is wound closely with
a single layer of circular steel wire of 5 mm diameter under a tension of 60 MPa. Find
the initial compressive stress in the pipe section. Also find the stresses set up in the
pipe and steel wire, when water under a pressure of 4 MPa is admitted into the pipe.
Take E for cast iron and steel as 100 GPa and 200 GPa respectively. Poissons ratio =
0.3.
5. A steel cylinder with flat ends is 2m long and 1m diameter with metal thickness 10
mm. It is filed with water at atmospheric pressure. The pressure has been increased to
2MPa by pumping more water. An amount of 2.9 x 10 6 mm3 of water has been
collected at the outlet after releasing the pressure. If E = 2 x 105 MPa and poisons
ratio 0.3, find out the bulk modulus.
6. A boiler drum consists of a cylindrical portion 4 m long,1.5m in diameter and
2.25mm thick. Its closed by hemispherical ends.In hydraulic test to 6 MN/m 2,how much
addional water will be pumped in after initial filling at atmospheric pressure?
E=200GN/m2 Kwater= 2.13 GN/m2 and 1/m=0.3