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SOLUCIONARIO DE
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL
E INTEGRAL - GRANVILLE
Problemas. Pagina 236
Verificar las siguientes Integraciones:
1.
x 4 dx = x 5 + c
v =x
dv = dx
n =4
x 4 dx = x 4 + 1
4+1
2.
dx
x2
x5 + c
5
x -2.dx
v =x
dv= dx
n = -2
x -2 dx = x -2 + 1 = x -1 = - x -1 = - 1 + c
-2+1 -1
x
3.
x2/3 dx
x2/3+1 = x5/3 = 3 x5/3 + c
2/3 + 1 5/3
5
4.
dx
x
x -1/2.dx = x -1/2 + 1 = x 1/2 = 2x1/2 = 2x + c
- 1/2 +1 1/2
1
5.
dx
3
x
dx
x 1/3
6.
3ay2 dy
3a y2 dy = = 3a y2+1
2+1
7.
3 ay3 = ay3 + c
3
2 dt
t2
2t -2. dt = 2 t -2+1
-2+1
8.
2t -1 = - 2.t -1 = - 2 + c
-1
ax . dx
(ax)1/2. dx
v = ax
dv = a.dx
n = 1/2 .
dx =
2x
dx = (2x)-1/2 =
(2x)1/2
v = 2x
Falta (2) para completar el diferencial.
dv = 2 dx
Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n = -1/2
n+1
2
3 3t .dt
(3t)1/3 dt
v = 3t
dv = 3 dt
n = 1/3
1 (3t)1/3.3dt = 1 (3t)1/3+1
3
3 1/3 + 1
11.
(3t)4/3 = (3t)4/3 + c
3(4/3)
4
(x3/2 - 2x2/3 + 5 x - 3) dx
x3/2dx - 2 x2/3 dx + 5 x dx - dx
x3/2dx - 2 x2/3 dx + 5 (x)1/2 dx - dx
x3/2+1 - 2 x2/3+1 + 5 (x)1/2+1 - x + c
3/2+1 2/3+1
1/2+1
x5/2 - 2 x5/3 + 5 (x)3/2 - x + c
5/2
5/3
3/2
12.
dx = 4x - 2x1/2 dx =
x2/2
4x dx - 2x -1/2 dx = 4x dx - 2x -1/2 dx
4 x1+1 - 2 x -1/2+1 = 4 . x2 - 2 . x1/2
1+1
-1/2+1
2
1/2
2x2 - 4x1/2
2x2 - 4 x + c
13.
( x2 - 2 ) dx
2
x2
x2 dx - 2 dx
2
x2
1 x2+1 - 2 x -2+1
2 2+1
-2+1
14.
1 x2 dx - 2 x -2 dx =
2
x3 - 2.x -1
2(3)
-1
x3 + 2 + c
6
x
x(3x - 2) dx
(3x. x - 2. x) dx = (3x.x1/2 - 2x1/2) dx = (3x 3/2 - 2x1/2) dx .
3x3/2 dx - 2x1/2 dx = 3x3/2 dx - 2x1/2 dx =
3 x3/2+1 - 2 x1/2+1 = 3 x3/2+1 - 2
3/2+1
1/2+1
3/2+1
15.
x1/2+1 =
1/2+1
x3 - 6x + 5 dx = x2 - 6 + 5 dx = x2 dx - 6 dx + 5 dx
x x
x
x
x
x3 - 6x + 5 ln x + c
3
16.
a + bx dx = 2(a + bx)3/2 + c
3b
(a + bx)1/2 dx .
v = (a + bx)
dv = b dx
n = 1/2
(a + bx)3/2 =
3b .
2
2(a + bx)3/2 + c
3b
17.
dy
a - by
dy
(a - by)1/2
v = (a - by)
dv = - b dy
n = - 1/2
(a - by)-1/2 dy =
Falta (-b) para completar el diferencial.
vn dv = vn+1 + c
n+1
- 1 (a - by)-1/2.( - b) dy
b
-1
b
18.
(a + bt)2 dt = (a + bt)3 + c
3
v = (a + bt)
dv = b dt
n =2
1
b
19.
(a + bt)2.b dt
(a + bt)2+1
b(2+1)
(a + bt)3 + c
3b
x (2 + x2)2 dx = (2 + x2)3
6
(2 + x2)2. x dx
v = (2 + x2) Falta (2), se aplica: v n = v n+1/n+1 + c .
dv = 2x dx 1 (2 + x2)2. 2x dx = 1 (2 + x2)2+1 = (2 + x2)3 = (2 + x2)3 + c
n =2
2
2
2+1
2(3)
6
20.
y (a - by2) dy = - (a - by2)2 + c
4b
(a - by2) . y dy
v = (a - by2) Falta (-2b),para completar el diferencial.
dv = -2by dy Se aplica: v n = v n+1/n+1 + c .
n =1
21.
(a - by2) . y dy = -1 (a - by2)1+1
2b
1+1
t 2t2 + 3 dt = (2t2 + 3)3/2 + c
6
2
1/2
(2t + 3) . t dt
v = (2t2 + 3)
dv = 4t dt .
n = 1/2
- (a - by)2 = - (a - by2) + c
2b(2)
4b
22.
x (2x + 1) dx = x4 + 4x3 + x2 + c
3
2
2
4x2 dx
x3 + 8
(x3
+ 8)-1/2 . 4x2 dx
4(x3 + 8)1/2
3(1/2)
6z dz
(5 - 3z2)2
(5 - 3z2)-2.6z dz
v = (5 - 3z )
dv = - 6z
n = -2
(a - x)2 dx
Solucionando el producto notable: (a - x)2 = a - 2a.x + x
{(a)2 - 2a .x + (x)2} dx = (a - 2a .x + x ) dx
a dx - 2a .x + x dx = a dx - 2a x dx + x dx
a dx - 2a1/2 x1/2 dx + x dx = a. x - 2a1/2.x1/2+1 + x1+1 =
1/2+1
1+1
1/2 3/2
2
2/2 1/2 1/2
2
ax - 2a x + x = ax - 4 x a x + x =
3/2
2
3
2
2
2
ax - 4xa .x + x = ax - 4xax + x + c
3
2
3
2
26.
(a - x)2 dx
x
v = (a - x)
dv = - 1 dx .
2x
n =2
-2(a - x)3 + c
a x .dx
2+1
t3 dt
a4 + t4
(a4 + t4)-1/2.t3 dt .
v = (a4 + t4)
dv = 4t3 dt
n = -1/2
1 (a4 + t4)-1/2.(4)t3 dt = 1
4
4
(a4 + t4)1/2
4/2
29.
2(a4 + t4)1/2
4
dy .
(a + by)3
(a + by)-3 dy
v = (a + by) Falta (b) para completar el diferencial.
dv = b dy
Se aplica: Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c
n =- 3
n+1
1 (a + by)-3.(b)dy
b
1 (a + by)-3+1
b
-3+1
(a + by)-2 = (a + by)-2
b(-2)
-2b
1
+c
2
2b(a + by)
30.
x dx .
(a + bx2)3
(a + bx2)-3.x dx
v = (a + bx2)
dv = 2bx.dx
31.
1 (a + bx2)-3+1
2b
-3+1
t2 dt
(a + bt3)2
(a + bx2)-2 = _
(2b)( - 2)
1
+ c
2 2
4b(a + bx )
(a + bt3)2.t2 dt
v = (a+bt3) Falta (3b) para completar el diferencial.
dv = 3bt2 dt Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c
n =2
n+1
1 (a+bt3)-2.(3b)t2 dt = (a+bt3)-2+1 = (a+bt3)-1
3b
3b(-2+1)
3b(-1)
(a+bt3)-1 = 1
+c
3
-3b
3b(a + bt )
32.
z(a + bz3)2 dz
Desarrollando el producto notable: (a + bz3)2 , obtenemos ,
z (a2 + 2abz3 + b2z6) dz
(a2z + 2abz4 + b2z7) dz
a2 z dz + 2ab z4 dz + b2 z7 dz
10
xn-1a+bxn dx
(a + bxn)1/2. xn-1 dx
v = (a + bxn)
Falta (nb) para completar el diferencial.
n-1
dv = nbx dx Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c
n = 1/2
n+1
1 (a + bxn)1/2. (nb) xn-1 dx
nb
(a + bxn)1/2+1 = (a + bxn)3/2 = 2(a + bxn)3/2 + c
1/2+1
3/2
3
34.
(2x + 3) dx
x2 + 3x
(x2 + 3x)-1/2. (2x + 3) dx
v = (x2 + 3x)
dv = 2x + 3
n = -1/2
(x2 + 1) dx
x3 + 3x
(x3 + 3x)-1/2. (x2 + 1) dx
v = (x3 + 3x)
dv = 3x + 3 dx = 3(x2 + 1) dx
n = -1/2
diferencial.
36.
sen2x cos x dx
(senx)2 . cos x dx .
v = (senx)
El diferencial esta
dv = cos x dx completo,se procede
n =2
a integrar.
sen ax cos ax dx
v = sen ax
dv = (cos ax)(a) dx = a cos ax dx
n =1
sen 2x cos22x dx
(cos 2x)2. sen 2x dx
v = (cos2x)
n+1
- 1 (cos2x)2.(-2)sen 2x dx
2
- (cos2x)2+1 = - (cos2x)3 =
2(2+1)
2(3)
- cos32x + c
6
40.
tg x sec2 x dx
2
2
v = tg x/2
dv = 1 sec 2 x
2
2
n =1
2tg x 1 . sec2 x dx
2 2
2
tg 2 x
2
41.
2 [tg x ]1+1
2
1+1
2 [ tg x ]2
2
=
2
[tg 2 x ] + c
2
cos ax dx
b + sen ax
diferencial: Se aplica:
vn dv = vn+1 + c
n+1
-1/2
1 (b + sen ax) .(a) cos ax dx = (b + sen ax)-1/2+1 =
a
a(-1/2+1)
sec x 2 dx
1 + tg x
sec2x dx
(1 + tg2x)
(1 + tg x)-2. Sec2x dx
v = (1 + tg x)
dv = sec2x dx
n = -2
(1 + tg x)-2+1 = (1 + tg x)-1 = _
-2+1
-1
43.
dx .
2 + 3x
v = 2 + 3x
dv = 3 dx
1 (3) dx
3 2 + 3x
44.
1
+ c
(1 + tg x)
x2 dx
1 ln (2 + 3x) + c
3
.
14
2+x
v = 2 + x3
dv = 3x2 dx
1 (3) x2 dx
3
2 + x3
45.
1 ln (2 + x3) = ln (2 + x3) + c
3
3
t dt .
a + bt2
v = a + bt2 Falta (2b) para completar el diferencial.
dv = 2bt
Se aplica : dv = ln v + c .
v
1 (2b) t dt
2b (a + bt2)
46.
1 . ln(a + bt2)
2b
ln(a + bt2) + c
2b
(2x + 3) dx
x2 + 3x
v = x2 + x
El diferencial esta completo, se procede a integrar.
dv = (2x + 3)
(2x + 3) dx
x2 + 3x
47.
ln (x2 + 3x) + c
(y + 2) dy
y2 + 4y
v = y2 + 4y
dv = 2y + 4 dy = 2(y + 2) dy
48.
1 (2)(y + 2) dy
2 (y2 + 4y)
e d .
15
a + be
v = a + be
dv = be d
1 e (b) d .
b a + be
ln (a + be) + c
b
49.
sen x dx
1 - cos x
v = 1 - cos x
El diferencial esta completo.
dv = - (-sen x ) dx = sen x dx . Se procede a integrar.
ln (1 - cos x) + c
50.
sec2y dy .
a + btg y
v = a + btg y . Falta (b), para completar el diferencial
dv = b sec2y dy
1 (b) sec2y dy
b a + btg y
51.
( 2x + 3) dx
x+2
Efectuamos la divisin: 2x + 3
-2x - 4
x+2
2
-1
El resultado es:
2 + - 1 = 2 - 1 . Sustituyendo en la integral .
x+2
x+2
16
[ 2 - 1 ] dx
x+2
52.
2 dx - dx
x+2
2x - ln(x + 2) + c
x2 + 2 dx
x+1
Efectuamos la divisin: x2
+2 x+1
- x2 - x
x-1
-x
+x+2
+2
El resultado es:
(x - 1) +
3
. Sustituyendo en la Integral.
x+1
[ x - 1 +
3 ]
x+1
dx
x dx - dx + 3 dx .
x+1
x1+1 - x + 3 ln (x + 1)
1+1
53.
x2 - x + 3 ln (x + 1) + c
2
(x + 4) dx
2x + 3
Efectuamos la divisin: x + 4 2x + 3
- x - 3/2 1/2
.
- x + 5/2
.
5
.
El resultado es: 1 + 2 . Sustituyendo en la Integral.
2
2x + 3
5/2
dx
17
2x + 3
1 dx + 5 . 1 (2)dx . v = 2x + 3
2
2 2 2x + 3
dv = 2 dx
1 dx + 5 (2) dx
2
4 2x + 3
1 x + 5 ln (2x + 3)
2
4
x + 5 ln (2x + 3) + c
2
4
54.
e2s ds .
e2s + 1
v = e2s + 1
dv = 2e2s .
1 (2)e2s ds
2
e2s + 1
55.
1 . ln(e2s + 1) = ln (e2s + 1) + c
2
2
ae + b d
ae - b
Efectuamos la divisin:
b + ae
- b + ae
- b + ae
-1
+ 2ae
El resultado es :
- 1 + 2ae
- b + ae
- d + 2 ae d =
- b + ae
- + 2 ln (- b + ae) = 2 ln (ae - b ) - + c
18
(6 - 5x 2 ) 56.
(6 - 5x ) .2x dx
2x dx
2 -1/3
v = (6 - 5x2)
dv = - 10x dx
n = -1/3 .
57.
- 3(6 - 5x2)2/3 + c
10
3
(x + 3x2) dx
x3 dx + 3x2 dx
x3+1 + 3.x2+1
3+1
2+1
58.
x4 + 3x3 = x4 + x3 = c
4
3
4
x2 - 4 . dx
x4
Desarrollando: x2 - 4
x4
x2 - 4 = 1 - 4
x4 x4 x2 x4
Sustituyendo en la integral .
[ 1 - 4 ] dx = 1 dx - 4 dx = x -2 dx - 4x -4 dx
x2 x4
x2
x4
x-2+1 - 4.x -4+1
-2+1 -4+1
59.
5x
x-1 - 4x -3
-1
-3
5
- 1 + 4 + c
x
3x3
.dx
5x
5
1 5x dx + 5 dx
5
5x
v = 5x
dv = 5 dx
n = 1/2
v = 5x
dv = 5 dx
n = - 1/2
Completando el diferencial a
ambas integrales.
2(5x)3/2 + 2(5x)1/2
5(5)(3)
1
61.
b . y .dy b
2
y 2 31
y .dy b y .dy b
2 / 3 1
2
23
2 31 b1 3 y5 3
3 b1 3y5 3 3 3 by 5 c .
b y
5 3
5
5
2 31
t dt2t
dt = 1 dt
1/2 1/2
t.t .2 21/2 t1+1/2
t -1/2
62.
t -1/2 = - 2
= 2 - 3x .dx
2(-1/2)
=
3
1 . dt = 1 . t -3/2 dt =
t -3/2+1 .
2 t3/2 2
2(- 3/2 + 1)
2
- 2
+ c
2.t1/2
2. t
2t
(2 - 3x)1/3. dx
v = (2 - 3x)
dv = - 3 dx
n = 1/3
(- 1 ) (2 - 3x)1/3 (- 3). dx
3
- (2 - 3x)1/3+1 = - (2 - 3x)4/3 =
3(1/3+1)
3(4/3)
sen 2 d
cos 2
(cos 2)-1/2.sen 2 d
v = (cos 2)
dv = - 2 sen 2 d
n = - 1/2
(- 1 ) (cos 2)-1/2.(-2)sen 2 d
2
(-1 ).(cos 2)-1/2+1 = - (cos 2)1/2 = - (cos 2)1/2 = - cos 2 + c
2
-1/2+1
2(1/2)
1
64.
ex dx .
ex - 5
v = (ex - 5) El diferencial esta completo,
(ex - 5)-1/2 . ex dx . dv = ex dx
se procede a integrar.
n = - 1/2
(ex - 5)-1/2.ex dx
65.
(ex - 5)-1/2+1
-1/2+1
2 dx
3 + 2x
(3 + 2x)-1/2. 2 dx
v = (3 + 2x)
dv = 2 dx
n = - 1/2
se procede a integrar.
3 dx
2 + 3x
v = 2 + 3x
dv = 3 dx
67.
3 dx = ln (2 + 3x) + c
2 + 3x
x dx .
1 - 2x2
(1 - 2x2)-1/2. x dx
v = (1 - 2x2)
dv = - 4x dx
n = - 1/2
(- 1 ) (1 - 2x2)-1/2.( - 4) x dx
4
- (1 - 2x2)1/2
4(1/2)
68.
- 1 . (1 - 2x2)-1/2+1
4
-1/2+1
- (1 - 2x2)1/2 + c
2
t dt .
3t2 + 4
v = 3t2 + 4
dv = 6t dt
( 1 ) (6)t dt
6
3t2 + 4
1 .ln(3t2 + 4) = ln(3t2 + 4) + c
6
6
22
69.
x 1
x
2 x . 1 1 .dx x 2
x x
12
2
x
. dx
70. y 12 .dy
y
2 3
(y ) - 3 (y2)2. 1 + 3 (y2). 1
y2
y2
2
- 1 3 . dy
y2
y6 - 3. y2 . y2 + 3. y2 - 1 dy = y6 - 3 y2 + 3 - 1 dy
y2
y2 . y2 y6
y2 y6
y6+1 - 3 . y2+1 + 3 y-2 dy - y - 6 dy =
6+1
2+1
y7 - 3y3 + 3.y-2+1 - y-6+1 =
7
3
-1
-5
y7 - y3 - 3.y -1 + y -5
7
5
71.
y7 - y3 - 3 + 1 + c
7
y
5y5
sen a d
cos a
Segn Trigonometra: sen a
cos a
v = a
dv = a d
tg a . tg a. d
Utilizamos la integral:
tg v dv = - ln cos v = ln sec v + c
csc2 d
ln sec (a) + c
a
.
23
(2cot + 3)
(2cot + 3)-1/2 . csc2 d .
v = (2cot + 3)
dv = - 2 csc2 d
(2x + 5) dx
x2 + 5x +6
v = x2 + 5x +6
dv = (2x + 5) . dx
(2x + 5) dx
x2 + 5x + 6
74.
(2x + 7) dx
x+3
ln (2x + 5) + c
Dividimos:
2x + 7 x + 3
El resultado es: 2 + 1 .
- 2x - 6
2
x+3
+1
2 +
1
dx
x+3
2 dx + dx
x+3
2 x + ln (x + 3) + c
24
75.
(x + 2) dx
x+2
2
Dividimos:
x2
+2 x+2
2
- x - 2x
x-2
El resultado es:
- 2x + 2
+ 2x + 4
x-2 +
+6
[x - 2 + 6 ] dx = x dx - 2 dx + 6 dx
x+2
x+2
6
x+2
x2 - 2x + 6 ln (x + 2) + c
2
76.
(x3 + 3x) dx
x2 + 1
Dividimos:
x3 + 3x x2 + 1
- x3 - x x
+ 2x
v = x2 + 1
dv = 2x dx
2x
x2 + 1
x dx + 2x dx
x2 + 1
77.
x +
x1+1 + ln (x2 + 1)
1+1
x2 + ln (x2 + 1) + c
2
(4x + 3) dx .
1 + 3x + 2x2
(1 + 3x + 2x2)-1/3.(4x + 3) dx
v = (1 + 3x + 2x2)
El diferencial esta completo, se
dv = 3 + 4x dx = 4x + 3 dx procede a integrar.
n = - 1/3
25
(1 + 3x + 2x )
2 -1/3
. (4x + 3) dx
(1 + 3x + 2x2)-1/3+1 .
- 1/3 + 1
(1 + 3x + 2x2)2/3 = 3 (1 + 3x + 2x2)2/3 + c
2/3
2
78.
(et + 2) dt
et + 2t
v = et + 2t
dv = (et + 2) dt
(et + 2) dt
et + 2t
79.
(ex + sen x) dx
ex - cos x
(ex - cos x)-1/2.(ex + sen x) dx
v = (ex - cos x)
El diferencial esta
dv = (ex - (-sen x) dx = (ex + sen x) dx completo, se procede a
n = - 1/2
integrar.
(ex - cos x)-1/2+1 = (ex - cos x)1/2
-1/2+1
1/2
80.
sec 2 tg 2 d
3 sec 2 - 2
v = 3 sec 2 - 2
dv = 3{sec 2 . tg 2}.2 d =
dv ={6 sec 2 . tg 2} d
( 1 ) ( 6 )sec 2 tg 2 d = 1 . ln (3 sec 2 - 2) =
6
3 sec 2 - 2
6
26
ln (3 sec 2 - 2) + c
6
81.
sec22t dt .
5 + 3tg 2t
(5 + 3tg 2t)-1/2.sec22t dt
v = (5 + 3tg 2t)
dv = 3(sec22t)(2) dt
dv = 6 sec22t dt
n = - 1/2
( 1 ) (5 + 3tg 2t)-1/2.(6)sec22t dt
6
( 1 ) . (5 + 3tg 2t)-1/2+1
6
-1/2+1
(5 + 3tg 2t)1/2
6(1/2)
(5 + 3tg 2t)1/2 + c
3
27
6 e3x dx
6 e3x dx
2 e3x + c .
v = 3x
Falta el (3) para completar el diferencial,
dv = 3 dx luego se procede a integrar.
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
2.
6 ( 1 ) e3x.(3) dx = 2 e3x + c .
3
ex/n dx = nex/n + c .
v = x/n
dv = 1/n
dx = - 1 + c .
ex
ex
e-x. dx ;
{ v = - x ; dv = - dx }
28
4.
10 dx = 10 + c .
ln 10
x
v =x
dv = dx
10 x dx = 10 x + c .
ln 10
5.
any dy
any + c .
n ln a
v = ny
Falta (n) para completar el diferencial.
dv = n.dy Se aplica: av dv = av + c .
ln a
(1/n) any.(n) dy = . 1 . any = any + c .
n ln a n ln a
6.
ex dx
x
2ex + c .
ex . 1 . 1 . dx
x 2
v = x
dv = 1 . dx
2x
2ex + c .
v = - x/a
29
e dx + e
x/a
-x/a
dx .
dv = 1/a dx
dv = - 1/a dx
(ex/a - e-x/a)2 dx
Desarrollando el producto notable: (ex/a - e-x/a)2 :
(ex/a - e-x/a)2 = {(ex/a)2 - 2(ex/a)(e-x/a) + (e-x/a)2} .
e2x/a - 2e+x/a -x/a + e-2x/a = e2x/a - 2e0 + e-2x/a .
e2x/a - 2(1) + e-2x/a = e2x/a - 2 + e-2x/a .
Sustituyendo : {e2x/a - 2 + e-2x/a} en la integral .
{e2x/a - 2 + e-2x/a} dx = e2x/a dx - 2 dx + e-2x/a dx .
Completando el diferencial, antes de integrar :
v = 2x/a
dv = 2/a dx
v = -2x/a
dv = - 2/a dx
x e x2 dx = 1 .ex2 + c .
2
v = x2
dv = 2x dx
se procede a integrar.
x2
x e dx = 1 .ex2 + c .
2
10.
etg sec 2 d .
v = tg
dv = sec2 d
e tg . sec2 d = e tg + c .
12.
et dt
(et)1/2 dt
2et + c.
et/2. dt
v = t/2
dv = 1/2
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
(2) et/2.(1/2) dt
13.
2et/2 + c .
ax ex dx
-0
31
v = ax ex
dv = {ax.ex + ex. ax.ln a} dx
dv = ax.ex{1 + ln a} dx
1
. ax ex.( 1 + ln a) dx = axex + c .
1 + ln a
1 + ln a
14.
a2x dx
a2x + c .
2 ln a
v = 2x
dv = 2 dx
15.
v = 5x
dv = 5 dx
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
( 1/5) e5x.(5) dx + ( 1/5) a5x.(5) dx
5eax dx
v = ax
dv = a dx
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
5 1
a
eax.(a) dx
5eax + c .
a
33
17.
3 dx
ex
3 e -x. dx
v =- x
dv = - dx
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
18.
3( - ) e -x .( - ) dx = -3.e -x = - 3 + c .
ex
4 dt =
et
(et)-1/2 dt
19.
4( - 2) e- t /2.( - 1/2) dt
- 8 e- t/2 = - 8 + c .
et /2
cax dx
Suponemos que : "c" de la integral dada es la constante "a" de
la formula.
v = ax
dv = a dx
dx .
42x
34
4 . dx
-2x
v = - 2x
dv = - 2 dx
21.
x2 ex
.- 1 . 4-2x =
2 ln 4
-1
+ c.
2 . ln 4 . 42x
dx
3
Ordenando: ex
v = x3
dv = 3x2 dx
. x2
dx
Se aplica: ev. dv = ev + c .
3
ex + c
3
(ex + 4) dx
ex
ex dx + 4 dx
ex
ex
23.
dx + 4(-) e -x.(-) dx = x - 4e -x = x - 4 + c .
ex
ex dx
ex - 2
v = ex - 2
dv = ex dx
24.
x (ex + 2) dx
2
{(ex + 2) . x} dx
2
ex . x dx + 2 x dx
v = x2
dv = 2x dx
ex + 2 . x2
2
2
25.
ex + x2 + c.
2
(ex - 3 ) dx
x
ex. 1 . dx - 3 dx .
x
x
v = x
dv = . 1 . 1 . dx
2 x
t 2t dt
36
t2
. t dt
v = t2
dv = 2t dt
( 1/2) 2 t .(2) t dt = . 1 . 2 t =
2 ln 2
27.
2t + c .
2 ln 2
a d
b3
a b-3. d
v = - 3
dv = - 3d
6 x e - x dx
Descomponiendo el # 6 en 2 factores y ordenando:
2
3e- x .2x dx
v = - x2
dv = - 2x dx
2
3(-) e- x .(-)2x dx
- 3e- x
- 3
ex
29.
+ c.
2
(e2x)2 dx
e4 x dx
37
v = 4x
dv = 4 dx .
( 1/4) e4 x.(4) dx
30.
. 1 .e4 x
4
e4x + c .
4
x2 dx
ex
3
3
e - x . x2 dx
v = = - x3
dv = - 3x2 dx
-1
3
e - x .( - 3) x2 dx = - 1 . e - x
- 1
3e
+ c .
x3
cos mx dx = 1 sen mx + c .
38
m
v = mx
dv = m dx
tg bx dx = 1 ln sec bx + c .
b
v = bx
dv = b dx
( 1 ) tg bx .(b) dx = 1 ln sec bx + c .
b
b
3.
csc v dv = ln tg 1 v + c .
2
ln (csc v - cot v) = ln
1 - cos v
sen v sen v
ln tg 1 v + c .
2
ln 1 - cos v
sen v
Por trigonometra :
39
sec 3t tg 3t dt = 1 sec 3t + c .
3
v = 3t
dv = 3 dt
csc2 3x dx = - 1 cot 3x + c .
3
v = 3x
Completando el diferencial con (3) .
dv = 3 dx Se aplica: csc2 v dv = - cot v + c .
( 1/3) csc2 3x . (3) dx = 1 {- cot 3x } = - 1 cot 3x + c . + c .
3
3
40
8.
cot x dx
2
v= 1x
2
dv = 1 dx
2
(2) cot x ( 1 ) dx = 2 ln (sen x ) + c .
2 2
2
9.
x sec2 x3 = 1 . tg x3 + c .
3
Ordenando: (sec x3)2 . x dx = sec2 x3 . x dx
v = x3
dv = 3x2 dx
dx .
sen2x
Por Trigonometra:
1
sen2 x
csc2 x dx = - cot2 x + c .
11.
ds
cos2 s
csc2 x
sec2 s
tg s + c .
Por Trigonometra:
1
cos2 s
41
sec2 s ds = tg s + c .
12.
13.
(sec - tg )2 d
2 (sec - tg ) - + c .
2sec2 d - 2 sec tg d - d
2 sec2 d - 2 sec tg d - d
42
dx
1 + cos x
- cot x + csc x + c .
Racionalizando:
1
.
1 + cos x
1
. 1 - cos x
1 + cos x 1 - cos x
1 - cos x .
1 - cos2x
8 - 6
2 2
1 - cos x
sen2 x
1 - cos x .
sen2 x sen2 x
1 - cos x dx = dx - cos x dx
sen2x sen2x
sen2x
sen2x
2
-2
csc x dx - (sen x) . cos x dx =
v = sen x
dv = cos x dx
1 = csc x .
sen x
-1
cot
x
(sen
x)
1 = - cot x + csc x + c .
=
= cot x +
-1
sen x
43
15.
dx
1 + sen x
tg x - sec x + c .
1 - sen x .
cos 2 x
sec2 x - senx =
cos2 x
v = cos x
En la 1ra integral aplicamos: sec2 v dv = tg v + c
dv = - sen x dx En la 2da integral aplicamos: vn dv = vn+1 + c
n+1
sec2 x dx - (-) (cosx)-2.(-) sen x dx =
tg x + (cos x)-2+1 = tg x + (cos x)-1 = tg x - 1 =
-2+1
-1
cos x
tg x - sec x + c .
16.
sen s ds
1 + cos s
- ln (1 + cos s) + c .
v = 1 + cos s
Falta el signo (-) , para completar el diferencial
dv = - sen s ds Aplicamos la frmula : dv = ln v + c .
v
17.
- ln (1 + cos s) + c .
44
v = 1 + tg x
dv = sec2 x dx
sec2 x dx
1 + tg x
18.
ln(1 + tg x ) + c .
x cos x2 dx = 1 sen x2 + c .
2
cos x2 . x dx =
v = x2
dv = 2x dx
x2 - cos 2x = 1 x2 - cos 2x + c .
2
2
2
20.
sen x dx = 2 4 - cos x + c .
4 - cos x
sen x dx = 2 4 - cos x + c .
(4 - cos x)1/2
(4 - cos x )-1/2. sen x dx
45
v = (4 - cos x )
dv = -(- sen x) dx = sen x dx
(1 + cos x) dx = ln (x + sen x) + c .
x + sen x
v = x + sen x
dv = (1 + cos x) dx
(1 + cos x) dx = ln (x + sen x) + c .
x + sen x
22.
sec2 d .
1 + 2tg
sec2 d .
(1 + 2tg )1/2
(1 + 2tg )-1/2. sec2 d .
v = (1 + 2tg )
dv = 2 sec2 d
23.
sen 2x dx
3
v = 2x .
3
dv = 2/3 dx
( 3 ) sen 2x ( 2 ) dx
2
3 3
24.
3 - cos 2x
2
3
- 3 cos 2x
2
3
+c
cos (b + ax) dx
v = (b + ax)
dv = a dx
csc2 (a - bx) dx
cot (a - bx) + c .
b
26.
sec tg d
2
2
v = /2 .
Falta (1/2) para completar el diferencial,
dv = 1/2 . d sec v tg v dv = sec v + c .
( 2 ) sec tg (1/2)d = 2 sec + c .
2
2
2
47
27.
csc a cot a d
b
b
v = a
b
dv = a . d
b
- b csc a + c.
a
b
28.
ex cot ex dx
v = ex
dv = ex dx
sec2 2 ax dx =
v = 2ax
Falta (2a) para completar el diferencial.
dv = 2a dx
( 1/2a) sec2 2ax.(2a) dx = . 1 .tg 2ax = tg 2a + c .
2a
2a
30.
tg x dx
3
v = x/3 .
dv = 1/3 dx
dv = 1 dx
3
48
dt .
tg 5t
cot 5t dt .
v = 5t
dv = 5 dt
d .
sen24
dy .
cot 7y
tg 7y dy =
v = 7y
dv = 7 dy
sen x dx
x
v = x
dv = 1 . dx
2x
35.
(2) sen x dx . 1 . 1 . dx
2 x
2 ( - cos x ) = - 2 cos x + c .
dt
.
2
sen 3t
csc2 3t dt
v = 3t
dv = 3 dt
d .
cos 4
Por Trigonometra: 1/cos 4 = sec 4 .
sec 4 d .
v = 4
dv = 4 d
sec v dv = ln (sec v + tg v ) + c .
a dx .
cos2 bx
Por trigonometra: 1/cos2 bx = sec2 bx .
a sec2 bx dx =
v = bx
dv = b dx
a sec2bx .(b) dx = a tg bx = a tg bx + c .
b
b
b
38.
(sec 2 - csc ) d .
2
sec 2 d - csc d .
2
v = 2
dv = 2 d
v = /2
dv = 1/2 d
(tg + sec )2 d
{tg2 + 2 tg sec + sec2 } d
Por Trigonometra: tg2 = sec2 - 1. Sustituyendo en la integral .
51
( tg 4s - cot s ) ds .
4
1 tg 4s .(4) ds - (4) cot s . 1 .ds = 1 ln{sec 4s} - 4 ln sen s
4
4 4
4
4
(cot x - 1)2 dx
(cot2x - 2 cot x + 1) dx
Pero: 1 + cot2 x = csc2 x , reemplazando en la integral.
(csc2 x - 2 cot x ) dx
csc2 x dx - 2cot x dx = - cot x - 2ln (sen x) = -[cot x + 2 ln (sen x)]
( sec t - 1)2 dt .
(sec2 t - 2 sec t + 1) dt .
sec2 t dt - 2 sec t dt + dt .
tg t - 2 ln (sec t + tg t) + t + c .
43.
(1 - csc y)2 dy .
52
dx
.
1 - cos x
Racionalizando:
1
1 - cos x
1
(1 - cos x)
1 + cos x
1 + cos x
1 + cos x
sen2 x
sen2 x
1 + cos x
12 - cos2 x
1 + cos x
sen2 x
csc2 x + cos x .
sen2 x
1
sen x
dx
.
1 - sen x
Racionalizando:
1
1 - sen x
1 + sen x
1 + sen x
1 + sen x dx
cos2 x
1 + sen x
1 - sen2 x
1 + sen x .
cos2 x
1 dx + sen x dx .
cos2 x
cos2 x
53
sen 2x dx .
3 + cos 2x
v = 3 + cos 2x
dv = - 2 sen 2x dx
- 1 ln (3 + cos 2x) + c .
2
cos t dt .
a + b sen t
cos t dt
(a + b sen t)1/2
v = (a + b sen t)
dv = b cos t dt
(a + b sen t)1/2
1
b
2
48.
2 (a + b sen t)1/2
b
2 (a + b sen t) + c .
b
csc cot d
5 - 4 csc
54
v = 5 - 4 csc
dv = - 4 csc cot d
(- 1 ) ( - 4) .csc cot d
4
5 - 4 csc
- 1 ln (5 - 4 csc ) + c .
4
49.
csc2 x dx .
3 - cot x
csc2 x dx
(3 - cot x)1/2
v = 3 - cot x
dv = csc2x dx
2 (3 - cot x) + c .
50.
5 + 2tg x dx
cos2 x
5 + 2tg x .
1 . dx
cos2 x
5 + 2tg x . sec2 x dx
dx .
x +9
2
dx .
x + 32
2
v=x
dv = dx
a =3
dx
x2 + 32
2.
1 .arc tg x + c .
3
3
dx .
x -4
2
dx .
x - 22
2
56
v =x
dv = dx
a =2
dx
x - 22
3.
1 ln x - 2 + c .
4
x+2
dy
.
25 - y2
v =y
El diferencial esta completo. Se aplica:
dv = dy
dv
= arc sen v + c .
2
2
a =5
a - v
a
dy
arc
sen
y
+
c
.
=
52 - y2
5
4.
ds
.
s - 16
2
ds
.
2
s - 4
2
v =s
dv = ds
a =4
5.
ds
2
s - 42
ln { s + s2 - 16 } + c .
dx .
9x2 - 4
dv .
(3x)2 - 22
v = 3x
dv = 3 dx
a =2
( 1 ) (3) dx
3 (3x)2 - 22
6.
dx .
16 - 9x2
dx .
4 - (3x)2
1
3
1 ln 3x - 2 = 1 .ln 3x - 2 + c .
2(2)
3x + 2 12
3x + 2
v = 3x
dv = 3 dx
a =4
( 1 ) (3) dx
3 42 - (3x)2
7.
dx .
9x2 - 1
dx
.
(3x)2 - 12
v = 3x
dv = 3 dx
a =1
8.
1 .arc sen 3x + c .
3
4
dv
.
= 1 . ln v - a
2
2
v -a
2a
v+a
dx
(3x)2 - 12
dt
.
4 - 9t2
dt
.
2
2 - (3t)
1 . 1 . ln 3x - 1
3 1(2)
3x + 1
1 ln 3x - 1 + c .
6
3x + 1
v = 3t
dv = 3 dt
a =2
dv
v - a2
( 1 ) (3) dt
3 22 - (3t)2
9.
1 .ln v - a + c .
2a
v+a
1 . 1 . ln 2 + 3t
3 2(2)
2 - 3t
1 .ln 2 + 3t + c .
12
2 - 3t
ex dx
1 + e 2x
ex dx .
12 + (e x)2 v = e x
El diferencial esta completo.
x
dv = e dx Se aplica: dv = 1 arc tg v + c .
a =1
a2 + v2 a
a
ex dx = 1 .arc tg e x = arc tg e x + c .
12 + (e x)2 1
1
10.
cos d
4 - sen2
cos d .
2 - (sen )2
2
v = sen
dv = cos d
a =2
cos d
2 - (sen )2
2
11.
dv
a 2 - v2
1 . ln a + v + c .
2a
a-v
1 ln 2 + sen
2(2)
2 - sen
1 ln 2 + sen + c .
4
2 - sen
b dx .
a2x2 - c2
b dx .
(ax)2 - c2
v = ax
dv = 1 ln
v2 - a2 2a
dv = a dx
a =c
v-a +c.
v+a
( 1 )(b) (a) dx = b . 1 . ln ax - c
a
(ax)2 - c2 a 2(c)
ax + c
12.
b . ln ax - c + c .
2ac
ax + c
5x dx .
1 - x4
5x dx .
12 - (x2)2
v = x2
dv = 2x dx
a =1
(5) (2)x dx
2 12 - (x2)2
13.
5 .arc sen x
2
1
5 arc sen x + c
2
ax dx .
x4 + b4
ax dx .
(x ) + (b2)2
2 2
v = x2
dv = 2x dx
a = b2
( a ) (2) ax dx
2 (x2)2 + (b2)2
14.
a . 1 . arc tg x2 = a arc tg x2 + c
2 b2
b2 2b2
b2
dt
.
2
(t - 2) + 9
60
dt
(t - 2)2 + 32
v =t - 2
dv = dt
a =3
1 . arc tg t - 2 + c .
3
3
15.
dy
.
1 + a2y2
v = ay
dv = a dy
a= 1
dv = ln {v + a2 + v2} + c .
2
a + v2
1 (a) dy
a 1 + (ay)2
16.
1 . (a) dy
a (ay)2 + 12
1 ln {ay + 1 + a2y2} + c .
a
du
.
4 - (u + 3)2
du
.
2
2
2 - (u + 3)
v =u + 3
dv = du
a =2
du
2
2 - (u + 3)2
17.
arc sen u + 3 + c .
2
dx
.
2
9 - 16x
dx
.
61
3 - (4x)
2
v = 9 - 16x2
dv = 4 dx
a =3
(1)
(4)dx
2
4 3 - (4x)2
18.
1 . arc sen 4x + c .
4
3
dy
.
2
9y + 4
dy
.
2
2
(3y) + 2
Falta (3)para completar el diferencial.
Se aplica: dv = ln {v + v2 + a2} + c.
v2 + a2
v = 3y
dv = 3 dy
a=2
(1)
(3) dy
3 (3y)2 + 22
1 . ln {3y + (3y)2 + 22 } =
3
ln {3y + 9y2 + 4 } + c
3
19.
dt
.
4t + 25
2
dt
.
2
2
(2t) + 5
v = 2t
dv = 2 dt
a= 5
(1)
1 . arc tg 2t + c .
62
2
20.
(2t) + 5
dx
.
25x2 - 4
dx
.
2
2
(5x) - 2
v = 5x
Falta (5) para completar el diferencial, se aplica:
dv = 5 dx dv = 1 ln v - a . + c .
a= 2
v2 - a2 2a v + a
( 1 ) (5) dx = 1
1 ln 5x - 2
= 1 ln 5x - 2 + c
2
2
5 (5x) - 2
5 2(2)
5x + 2
20
5x + 2
21.
7 dx
3 + 7x2
7 dx
(3)2 + (7.x)2
v = 7. x
dv = 7 dx
a = 3
(1)
7 dx
2
7 (3) + (7.x)2
1
1 arc tg 7.x
7 3
3
1 arc tg 7.x + c .
21
3
21 . arc tg 7. 3.x
21.21
3. 3
22.
21 arc tg 21. x + c .
21
3
3 dy .
9y2 - 16
3 dy
.
63
(3y) - 4
v = 3y
El diferencial esta completo, se procede a integrar.
dv = 3 dy Se aplica: dv = 1 . ln v - a
a =4
v2 - a2 2a
v+a
23.
3 dy = 1 . ln 3y - 4
(3y)2 - 42 2(4)
3y + 4
ds .
4s2 + 5
ds
.
2
(2s) + (5)
1 ln 3y - 4
8
3y + 4
ln 3y - 4
3y + 4
1/8
+c.
v = 2s
dv = 2 ds
a = 5
(1)
(2)ds
2 (2s)2 + (5)2
24.
t dt .
t4 - 4
t dt
.
(t2)2 - (2)2
v = t2
Falta (2) para completar el diferencial, se aplica:
dv = 2t dt dv = ln {v + v2 - a2} + c .
a =2
v2 - a2
64
( 1 ) (2)t dt
2 (t2)2 - (2)2
25.
x dx .
5x2 + 3
(5x2 + 3)-1/2. x dx .
v = 5x2 + 3 Falta (10) para completar el diferencial, se aplica:
dv = 10x dx
vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n = -1/2
1 . (5x2 + 3)-1/2.(10) x dx = 1 . (5x2 + 3)-1/2+1 =
10
10
-1/2+1
(5x2 + 3)1/2 = 5x2 + 3 + c .
10(1/2)
5
26.
2x dx .
1 - 2x
2x dx .
12 - (x)2
v = x
dv = x dx
a =1
2 x dx
12 - (x)2
27.
2 arc sen x
1
2 arc sen x + c .
6t dt .
8 - 3t2
v = 8 - 3t2
se usa la frmula: dv = ln v + c .
v
dv = - 6t dt
(-) (-) 6t dt
8 - 3t2
28.
- ln (8 - 3t2) + c .
sen
.
2
4 + cos
sen d
.
2
2 + (cos )
2
v = cos
dv = - sen d
a =2
Se aplica:
(-)
29.
30.
dv
a2 + v2
(-)sen d
22 + (cos )2
ln {v + a2 + v2 } + c .
- ln { cos + 4 + cos2 } + c .
dx
.
m2 + (x + n)2
v =x + n
dv = dx
dx
m2 + (x + n)2
1 . arc tg x + n + c
m
m
du
.
4 - (2u - 1)2
du
.
66
2 - (2u - 1)
1 . 1 . ln 2 + (2u - 1)
2 2.2
2 - (2u - 1)
1 . ln 1 + 2u
8
3 - 2u
+c.
7x2 dx .
5 - x6
Haciendo cuadrado perfecto al # 5 ,y luego le extraemos la raiz
cuadrada y lo elevamos al cuadrado:
7x2 dx .
(5)2 - (x3)6
v = x3
Falta (3) para completar el diferencial, el (7) se
dv = 3x2 dx coloca fuera de la integral. Se aplica:
a = 5
dv = 1 . ln a + v + c .
a2 - v2 2a
a-v
(7. 1 ) (3)x2 dx = 7 . 1 . ln 5 + x3
3 (5)2 - (x3)6 3 2.5
5 - x3
7 . 5 . ln 5 + x3
6 5. 5
5 - x3
7 . ln 5 + x3 + c
65
5 - x3
7 . 5 . ln 5 + x3
6.5
5 - x3
7 . 5 . ln 5 + x3 + c .
30
5 - x3
67
dx
.
x2 + 4x + 3
dv
v - a2
2
1 . ln v - a + c .
2a
v+a
dx
x + 4x + 3
2
v = (x + 2 )
dv = dx
a =1
dx
.
2
2
(x + 2 ) - 1
El diferencial esta completo.
dx
x + 2 - 1 = 1 ln x + 1 + c .
= 1 . ln
2
2
(x + 2 ) - 1
2.1
x+2+1 2
x+3
Nota.- Tambien habra casos en que se completa cuadrados a la
cantidad sub-radical.
68
dx
.
2
2x - x - 10
- x2 + 2x - 10 = - (x2 - 2x + 10) . 2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
2
- (x2 - 2x + 1 - 1 + 10) = - [ (x - 1)2 + 9] = - [ (x - 1)2 + 32]
dx
- [ (x - 1)2 + 32]
v =x - 1
dv = = dx
a =3
-
3.
dx
.
[ (x - 1)2 + 32]
dx
[(x - 1)2 + 32]
v2 + a2
=
- 1 arc tg x - 1 + c .
3
3
3 dx
.
x - 8x + 25
2
8/2 = 4 ; 42 = 16
x2 - 8x + 16 - 16 + 25 = x2 - 8x + 16 + 9 = [(x - 4)2 + 32]
3 dx
.
2
2
[(x - 4) + 3 ]
dx
.
2
3x - x - 2
69
3x - x2 - 2 = - x2 + 3x - 2 = - (x2 - 3x + 2) ; 3 ; 3 2 = 9 .
2
2
4
- (x2 - 3x + 2) = - (x2 - 3x + 9 - 9 + 2) = - [(x - 3 )2 - 9 + 8 ] =
4 4
2
4
4
=
- (x - 3 )2 - 1
2
4
- (x - 3 )2 - 1
2
2
dx
2 - x - 3/2
1 2 - (x - 3 )2
2
2
.
2
5.
= arc sen
2x - 3
2
dv
.
v - 6v + 5
2
v2 - 6v + 5 ;
6
2
3 ;
32 = 9
v2 - 6v + 5 = v2 - 6v + 9 - 9 + 5 = (v - 3)2 - 4 = (v - 3)2 - 22 =
Sustituyendo este valor en la integral:
dv
.
2
2
(v - 3) - 2
v = v - 3 El diferencial esta completo, se emplea la frmula:
dv = dv
dv = 1 . ln v - a + c .
a =2
v2 - a2 2a
v+a
dv
(v - 3)2 - 22
1 . ln v - 3 - 2
2.2
v-3+2
1 . ln v - 5
4
v-1
+c.
70
6.
dx
.
2x2 - 2x + 1
2x2 - 2x + 1 = 2(x2 - x + 1 ) ; 1 ; 1
2
2 2
1
4
2(x2 - x + 1 - 1 + 1 ) = 2{ (x - 1 )2 - 1 + 1 } = 2{(x - 1 )2 - 1 + 2 }
4 4 2
2
4 2
2
4 4
2{(x - 1 )2 + 1 } = 2{(x - 1 )2 + 12}
2
4
2
22
El factor (2) por estar en el denominador, sale fuera de la
integral como 1/2 .
dx
2{(x - 1 )2 + 12 }
2
22
1.
dx
2 {(x - 1 )2 + 12 }
2
22
v = x - 1/2
dv = dx
a = 1/2
7.
dx
.
15 + 2x - x2
15 + 2x - x2 = - x2 + 2x + 15 = - (x2 - 2x - 15 ) ; 2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
2
dx
15 + 2x - x2
v =x - 1
dv = dx
a =4
dx
=
2
{4 - (x - 1) }
2
arc sen x - 1 + c .
4
8.
dx
.
x2 + 2x
dx
.
{(x + 1)2 - 12}
v = x + 1 El diferencial esta completo. Se usa la frmula:
dv = dx
dv = 1 ln v - a + c .
a =1
v2 - a2 2a v + a
9.
dx
{(x + 1)2 - 12}
dx
.
2
4x - x
1 ln x + 1 - 1
2.1
x+1+1
1 ln x
+c.
2
x+2
4x - x2 = - x2 + 4x = - (x2 - 4x)
4 = 2 ; 22 = 4
2
=
{22 - (x - 2)2}
dx
.
{22 - (x - 2)2}
v = x - 2 El diferencial esta completo,se usa la frmula:
dv = dx dv = 1 . ln a + v + c .
a =2
a2 - v2 2a
a-v
1 ln 2 + x - 2
2.2
2 - (x - 2)
10.
1 ln
x
4
2-x+2
1 ln x + c .
4
4-x
dx
.
2
2x - x
2x - x2 = - x2 + 2x = - (x2 - 2x ) ; 2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
2
-(x2 - 2x + 1 - 1) = {-(x - 1)2 - 1} = {-(x - 1)2 - 12} = 12 - (x -1)2
dx
.
12 - (x -1)2
v =x - 1
dv = dx
a =1
arc sen x - 1
1
11.
arc sen (x - 1) + c .
ds
.
2as + s2
2as + s2 = s2 + 2as .
2a = a ; a2 = a2
2
ds
.
{(s + a)2 - a2}
dy
.
y + 3y + 1
2
y2 + 3y + 1 .
3 ; 32= 9 .
2
2
4
y2 + 3y + 9 - 9 + 1 = {( y + 3 )2 - 9 + 4 } = {( y + 3 )2 - 5 }
4 4
2
4
4
2
4
{( y + 3 )2 - 5 2} = {( y + 3 )2 - 5 2}
2
4
2
2
dy
.
2
2
(y + 3/2 ) - (5/2)
y+
1 . ln
2.5
y +
2
3 2
3 +
2
5
2
5
2
1 ln
5
2y + 3 - 5
2
2y + 3 + 5
2
=
.
1 ln 2y + 3 - 5 + c .
5
2y + 3 + 5
13.
dy
.
1 + x + x2
74
1+x+x
x +x+1. 1 ; 1
2 2
1 .
4
{x2 + x + 1 - 1 + 1 } = {(x + )2 - 1 + 4 } =
4 4
4
4
dy
(x + )2 + (3/2)2
v = x + 1/2
dv = dx
a = 3/2
=
.
dy
=
2
2
(x + ) + (3/2)
2x + 1
2 arc tg 2
3
3
2
14.
2 arc tg 2x + 1 + c
3
3
dx
.
2
1 + x + x
1 + x + x2 = x2 + x + 1 . 1 ; 1 2 = 1 .
2
2
4
x2 + x + 1 - 1 + 1 = {(x + )2 - 1 + 4 } = {(x + )2 + } .
4 4
4
4
(x + )2 + 3
4
dx
(x +)2 + 3
2
(x + )2 + (3/2)2
.
75
{(x + ) + (3/2)2}
2
v = x + 1/2
dv = dx
a = 3/2
ln { x + + {(x + )2 + (3/2)2} =
ln {x + + (1 + x + x2)} + c .
15.
dx
.
4x + 4x + 5
2
4x2 + 4x + 5 = 4(x2 + x + 5 ) .
4
1 ; 12 = 1 .
2
22 4
4(x2 + x + 1 - 1 + 5 ) = 4(x2 + x + 1 + 4 ) =
4 4 4
4
4
2
2
2
4{(x + ) + 1 } = 4 {(x + ) + 1 }.
El factor (4) sale como fuera de la integral
1
dx
.
2
2
4 {(x + 1 ) + 1 }.
2
v = x + 1/2 El diferencial esta completo:
dv = dx
Se aplica: dv = 1 arc tg v + c
a =1
v2 + a2 a
a
1 . 1 arc tg x +
4 1
1
16.
1 arc tg (2x + 1) + c .
4
2
dx
.
3x - 2x + 4
2
2
3
.
=
76
2
1
dx
{3(x - 1/3)2 + (11/3)2}
v = x - 1/3
dv = dx
a = 11/3
1
dx
.
3
(x - 1/3)2 + (11/3)2
1 . 1 . arc tg
3
11
3
x-1
3
11
3
1 arc tg
11
3x - 1
3
11
3
=
.
1 . arc tg 3x - 1 + c .
11
11
.
17.
dx
.
2
2 - 3x - 4x
2 - 3x - 4x2 = {- 4x2 - 3x + 2} = {- 4(x2 + x - 2/4)} ,
; ()2 = 9/64
2
{- 4(x2 + x + 9/64 - 9/64 - 2/4)} = {- 4[(x + )2 - 9/64 - 32/64]}
dx
dx
=
2
2
{4[(41/8) - (x + ) ]}
4 . [(41/8)2 - (x + )2]
dx
dx
= 1
=
2
2
2a[(41/8) - (x + ) ]} 2 [(41/8)2 - (x + )2]
1 arc sen x +
2
41/8
1 arc sen
2
8x + 3
8
+c.
41
8
1 arc sen 8x + 3 + c .
2
41
18.
dx
.
x2 + 2x + 10
x2 + 2x + 10 ,
2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 + 10 = (x + 1)2 - 1 + 10 = (x + 1)2 + 9 =
(x + 1)2 + 32 . Sustituyendo este valor en la integral.
dx
.
(x + 1)2 + 32
v= x+1
dv = dx
a =3
dx
1 arc tg x + 1 + c .
78
(x + 1) + 3
19.
dx
.
x + 2x - 3
2
x2 + 2x - 3 .
2/2 = 1; 12 = 1
x2 + 2x - 3 = x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 - 3 = (x + 1)2 - 4 = (x + 1)2 - 22
dx
.
2
2
(x + 1) - 2
v =x + 1
El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = dx
dv = 1 ln v - a + c .
a =2
v2 - a2 2a
v+a
1 ln x + 1 - 2
2.2
x+1+2
20.
1 ln x - 1 + c .
4
x+3
dy
.
2
3 - 2y - y
3 - 2y - y2 = - y2 - 2y + 3 = - (y2 + 2y - 3 ) .
2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
{- (y2 + 2y + 1 - 1 - 3)} = {- [(y + 1)2 - 1 - 3]} ={-[(y + 1)2 - 4]}
{- [(y + 1)2 - 22 ]} = {22 - (y + 1 )2}. Sustituyendo en la integral.
dy
.
{22 - (y + 1 )2}
v =y + 1
dv = dy
a =2
1
ln
2+y+1
1 ln 3 + y
1 ln 3 + y + c .
79
2(2)
21.
2 - (y + 1)
2-y-1
1-y
3 du
.
2
5 - 4u - u
5 - 4u - u2 = - u2 - 4u + 5 = - (u2 + 4u - 5) .
4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
{- (u2 + 4u + 4 - 4 - 5)} = {- (u + 2 )2 - 4 - 5} = {- (u + 2 )2 - 9}
{- (u + 2 )2 - 32} = {32 - (u + 2 )2} .Se reemplaza en la integral.
3 du
3 - (u + 2 )2
v =u + 2
dv = du
a =3
3 du
du
= 3
2
2
2
3 - (u + 2 )
3 - (u + 2 )
2
22.
3 arc sen u + 2 + c .
3
5 dx
.
2
x + 2x + 5
x2 + 2x + 5 . 2/2 = 1; 12 = 1
x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 + 5 = (x + 1)2 - 1 + 5 = (x + 1)2 + 4 .
(x + 1)2 + 22 . Sustituyendo este resultado en la integral.
5 dx
.
2
2
(x + 1) + 2
v =x + 1
El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = dx
dv = ln ( v + v2 + a2) + c .
a =2
v2 + a2
80
dx
.
x + 4x + 3
2
x2 + 4x + 3 .
4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
x2 + 4x + 4 - 4 + 3 = (x + 2)2 - 4 + 3 = (x + 2)2 - 1 .
(x + 2)2 - 12. Este resultado se reemplaza en la integral.
dx
. v = x + 2 El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
(x + 2)2 - 12 dv = dx dv = ln [v + v2 - a2 ] + c .
a =1
v2 - a2
dx
x + 2x
x2 + 2x .
2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
dx
.
(x + 1)2 - 12
v= x+1
dv = dx
a =1
dt
.
2
3t - 2t
3t - 2t2 = - 2t2 + 3t = -2(t2 - 3/2.t) .
81
3/2 =
2
; ()2 = 9/16
dt
dt
=
=
{2[()2 - (t - )2]} (2).[( )2 - (t - )2]
1
dt
.
2 [()2 - (t - )2]
v = t - El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = dt
dv
= arc sen v + c .
2
2
a =
a - v
a
26.
(4t - 3)
1 arc sen t - = 1 arc sen 4
= 1 arc sen 4t - 3 + c .
2
2
3
2
3
4
dx
.
x2 - 4x + 5
x2 - 4x + 5 .
4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
x2 - 4x + 5 = x2 - 4x + 4 - 4 + 5 = (x - 2)2 - 4 + 5 =
(x - 2)2 + 12 .Sustituyendo este valor en la integral.
v= x-2
dv = dx
a =1
dx
.
2
(x - 2) + 1
El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = 1 arc tg v + c .
v2 + a2 a
a
1 arc tg x - 2
1
1
arc tg (x - 2) + c .
82
27.
dx
.
2
2 + 2x - x
2 + 2x - x2 = - x2 + 2x + 2 = - (x2 - 2x - 2) .
2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
{-(x2 - 2x - 2)} = {-(x2 - 2x + 1 - 1 - 2)} = {-[(x - 1)2 - 1 - 2]} =
{-[(x - 1)2 - 3]} = {-[(x - 1)2 - (3)2]} = (3)2 - (x - 1)2 .
dx
.
(3)2 - (x - 1)2
v =x - 1
dv = dx
a = 3
1 ln 3 + x - 1
23
3 - (x - 1)
28.
1 ln 3 + x - 1 + c .
23
3 - x + 1
dr
.
r - 2r - 3
2
r2 - 2r - 3 .
2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
2
1 . ln r - 1 - 2
2.2
r-1+2
29.
dr
.
2
2
(r - 1) - 2
1 ln r - 3 + c .
4
r+1
4 dx
.
2
x - 4x + 13
83
x2 - 4x + 13 .
4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
x2 - 4x + 13 = x2 - 4x + 4 - 4 + 13 = (x + 2 )2 - 4 + 13 =
(x + 2 )2 + 9 = (x + 2 )2 + 32. Reemplazando en la integral.
4 dx
.
2
2
(x + 2 ) + 3
v =x + 2
dv = dx
a =3
dv
= ln [ v + v + a ] + c .
v2 + a2
ln {x + 2 + [(x + 2 )2 + 32]} + c .
30.
dz
.
2
3 + 2z - z
3 + 2z - z2 = - z2 + 2z + 3 = - (z2 - 2z - 3) . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
{-(z2 - 2z - 3)} = {-(z2 - 2z + 1 - 1 - 3)} = {-[(z - 1)2 - 1 - 3]} =
dz
.
22 - (z - 1)2
v =z - 1
dv = dz
a =2
31.
arc sen z - 1 + c .
2
dv
.
2
v - 8v + 15
v2 - 8v + 15 .
8/2 = 4 ; 42 = 16
84
v2 - 8v + 16 - 16 + 15 = (v - 4)2 - 16 + 15 = (v - 4)2 - 1 =
(v - 4)2 - 12 . Reemplazando este valor en la integral.
dv
.
2
2
(v - 4) - 1
v =v - 4
dv = dv
a =1
dv = ln (v + v2 - a2 ) + c .
v2 - a2
x dx
.
2
x -x -1
4
x4 - x2 - 1 = (x2)2 - x2 - 1 .
(1/2)2 = 1
4
(x2)2 - x2 - 1 = (x2)2 - x2 + - - 1 = (x2 - )2 - - 1 =
(x2 - )2 - 5/4 = (x2 - )2 - (5/4)2 = (x2 - )2 - (5/2)2 =
1/2 ;
x dx
.
2
2
2
(x - ) - (5/2)
v = x2 -
dv = 2x dx
a = 5
2
1
(2) x dx
.
2 (x2 - )2 - (5/2)2
x2 - 1 - 5
1 . 1 . ln
2
2
2
2 2 . 5
x - 1 + 5
1 . ln
25
2x2 - 1 - 5
2
2
2x - 1 + 5
=
.
85
1 . 5 . ln 2x2 - 1 - 5
25.5
2x2 - 1 + 5
33.
2
=
5 . ln 2x2 - 1 - 5 + c .
10
2x2 - 1 + 5
dt
.
2
1 - t - 2t
; ( )2= 1/16
)2]
dt
dt
dt
.
=
= 1
2
2
2
2
2
{2[ () - (t + ) ]} 2 [( ) - (t + ) ] 2 [( ) - (t +
34.
2 arc sen 4t + 1 + c .
3
.
dx
.
3x + 4x + 1
2
2
3(x2 + 4/3x + 4/9 - 4/9 + 1/3) = 3{(x + 2/3)2 - 4/9 + 1/3) =
3{(x + 2/3)2 - 4/9 + 3/9) = = 3{(x + 2/3)2 - 1/9} =
3{(x + 2/3)2 - (1/9)2} = 3{(x + 2/3)2 - (1/3)2} .
dx
2
3x + 4x + 1
dx
dx
= 1
=
2
2
2
2
3{(x + 2/3) - (1/3) } 3 (x + 2/3) - (1/3)
v = x + 2/3
dv = dx
a = 1/3
=
.
dw
.
2w + 2w + 1
2
2w2 + 2w + 1 = 2(w2 + w + ) .
1/2 ; (1/2)2 = 1 .
4
2
2
{2(w + w + - + )} = {2(w + ) - + } =
{2(w + )2 - + 2/4} = = {2[(w + )2 + ]} =
{2(w + )2 + [()2 ]} =
{2[(w + )2 + ( )2]} .Reemplazando en la integral.
dw
= 1
{2[(w + )2 + ( )2]}
2
dw
.
(w + )2 + ( )2
87
1 arc tg
1
2
2w + 1
2
=
arc tg (2w + 1) + c .
36.
x2 dx
.
3
9x - 3x - 1
6
1 .
36
x2 dx
x2 dx
= 1
2
2
3
{9[(x - 1/6) - (5/6) ]} 9 [(x - 1/6)2 - (5/6)2]}
v = x3 - 1/6
dv = 3x2 dx
a = 5/6
v2 - a2
1.1
(3)x2 dx
9 3 (x3 - 1/6)2 - (5/6)2
1 . 1
ln x - 1/6 - 5/6
27 2. 5
x3 - 1/6 + 5/6
6
5 ln 6x3 - 1 - 5
9.5
6x3 - 1 + 5
v+a
1 ln 6x3 - 1 - 5
9 5
6x3 - 1 + 5
2a
6x3 - 1 - 5
1
ln
6
54 . 5
6x3 - 1 + 5
6
6
1 . 5 ln 6x3 - 1 - 5
95.5
6x3 - 1 + 5
5 ln
45
6x3 - 1 - 5 + c .
6x3 - 1 + 5
5 . ln 6x3 - 1 - 5
45
6x3 - 1 + 5
5 . d ln 6x3 - 1 - 5
45 dx
6x3 - 1 + 5
5
45
1
. d 6x3 - 1 - 5
6x - 1 - 5
dx 6x3 - 1 + 5
6x3 - 1 + 5
5 . 6x3 - 1 + 5
45 6x3 - 1 - 5
(6x3 - 1 + 5 ) (6x3 - 1 + 5)
5 .
36.5. x2
45 (6x3 - 1 - 5) (6x3 - 1 + 5 )
180 x2
36 . 5 . x2
.
3
3
45(6x - 1 - 5 )(6x - 1 + 5 )
=
4 x2
.
89
4x2
36x - 12x3 + 1 - 5
4 x2
36x - 12x3 - 4
4 x2
.
4(9x - 3x3 - 1)
6
x2
.
(9x - 3x3 - 1)
Como es una diferenciacin, para comprobar si la integral esta bien
desarrollada, por comodidad no fuimos colocando el dx, en el sitio
correcto que le compete, lo hacemos en la parte final; podemos
asumir, como el dx esta dividiendo, pasa ahora a multiplicar.
6
d
x2
dx 9x6 - 3x3 - 1
x2
9x6 - 3x3 - 1
dx .
37.
dt
.
2
15 + 4t - t
dt
.
2
(19) - (t - 2)
2
v =t - 2
dv = dt
a = 19
1
ln 19 + t - 2
2.19
19 - (t - 2)
19
2.19
38.
ln 19 + t - 2
19 - t + 2
dx
1 . 19 ln 19 + t - 2
2.19.19
19 - t + 2
19 ln 19 + t - 2 + c .
38
19 - t + 2
.
90
9x + 12x + 8
2
dx
dx
=
=
9(x + 2/3)2 + (2/3)2 9.(x + 2/3)2 + (2/3)2
1
dx
.
2
2
3 (x + 2/3) + (2/3)
v = x + 2/3
dv = dx
a = 2/3
dv
= ln (v + v + a ) + c .
v2 + a2
dx
.
2
4x - 12x + 7
4x2 - 12x + 7 = 4(x2 - 3x + 7/4) . 3/2 ; ( 3/2)2 = 9/4 .
{4(x2 - 3x + 9/4 - 9/4 + 7/4)} = {4[(x - 3/2)2 - 9/4 + 7/4]} =
{4[(x - 3/2)2 - 2/4]} = {4[(x - 3/2)2 - (2/4)]}2 =
{4[(x - 3/2)2 - (2/2)2]}. Reemplazando en la integral.
dx
dx
91
v = x - 3/2
dv = dx
a = 2/2
1
2
dv
= ln ( v + v - a ) + c .
v2 - a2
(1 + 2x) dx
1 + x2
arc tg x + ln (1 + x2) + c .
7 + 14
3 + 4
7
+
14
3+4
3+4
; 1 + 2x
1 + x2
1
+ 2x .
2
1+x
1 + x2
1
+ 2x dx = dx + 2x dx
2
1+x
1 + x2
1 + x2
1 + x2
v =x
dv = dx
a =1
v = 1 + x2
dv = 2x dx
1 arc tg x
1
1
2.
( 2x + 1) dx .
x2 - 1
2x
+ dx .
2
x - 1
x2 - 1
2x dx + dx
(x2 - 1)1/2
x2 - 12
v = (x2 - 1)
dv = 2x dx
(x2 - 1)-1/2. 2x dx + dx
x2 - 12
n = -1/2
v =x
dv = dx
a =1
n+1
2da integral. Se aplica:
dx = ln (v + v2 - a2 ) + c
v2 - a2
3.
(x - 1) dx .
1 - x2
x dx - dx
1 - x2
1 - x2
v = 1 - x2
dv = - 2x
n = -1/2
v =x
dv = dx
a =1
(1 - x2)-1/2. x dx -
dx .
1 - x2
(- 1 ) (1 - x2)-1/2.(-2) x dx - dx .
2
12 - x2
- 1 . (1 - x2)-1/2+1 - arc sen x = - (1 - x2)1/2 - arc sen x =
2
-1/2+1
1
2(1/2)
2 1/2
2 1/2
-(1 - x ) - arc sen x = - (1 - x ) - arc sen x + c .
4.
(3x - 1) dx .
(x2 + 9)
3x dx - dx
(x2 + 9)
(x2 + 9)
3x dx - dx .
(x2 + 32) (x2 + 32)
94
v = x2 + 9
dv= 2x dx
1ra integral.
v =x
dv = dx
2da integral.
(3s - 2) ds .
9 - s2
3s - 2 ds
9 - s2
9 - s2
3s
- 2 ds
2 1/2
(9 - s )
32 - s2
3(9 - s2)-1/2.sds - 2 ds
32 - s2
v = 9 - s2
1ra integral,falta (-2).
dv = - 2s ds Se aplica:
n = -1/2
vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n+1
dv
a 2 - v2
==
v =s
2da integral esta completo
dv = ds el diferencial.
ds .
3 - s2
2
95
6.
- 3 (9 - s ) - 2arc sen s + c .
3
2
(x + 3) dx .
x2 + 4
x dx + 3 dx
x2 + 4
x2 + 4
(x2 + 4)-1/2 . x dx + 3
v = x2 + 4
dv = 2x dx
n = -1/2
v =x
dv = dx
a =2
x dx
+ 3 dx
2
1/2
(x + 4)
x2 + 22
dx
x2 + 22
dx
x2 + 22
7.
(2x - 5) dx .
3x2 - 2
2x dx - 5dx
3x2 - 2
3x2 - 2
2x dx - 5 . 1 .
2x dx - 5 dx
3x2 - 2
3 x2 - 2
3
dx
=
.
96
3x - 2
v = 3x2 - 2
dv = 6x dx
2 2
3
1ra integral.
Falta (3) para completar el diferencial.
Se aplica: dv/v = ln v + c .
2da integral.
Esta completo el diferencial.
Se aplica: dv
= 1 ln { v - a } + c .
v2 - a2
2a
v+a
v =x
dv = dx
a = 2
3
(x)2 -
( 1 ) 2(3) x dx - 5
dx
2
2
3
3x - 2
3 (x) - 2
3
1
3
1
3
=
2
x - 2
. ln (3x - 2) - 5 . 1
. ln
3
3 2. 2
x + 2
3
3
x - 2 . 3 .
. ln (3x2 - 2) - 53 . ln
3 . 3
6. 2
x + 2 . 3
3 . 3
1 . ln (3x - 2) - 5 .3 .2 . ln
3
6 . 2 .2
2
= .
.
x - 6
3
x + 6
3
3x - 6
1 . ln (3x - 2) - 5 .6 . ln
3
3
6.2
3x + 6
3
2
1 . ln (3x2 - 2) - 5 6 . ln 3x - 6
.
.
+c.
97
3
8.
3x + 6
12
(5t - 1) dt .
3t2 - 9
5 t dt -
dt
2
3t - 9
[(3.t)2 - 32]
5 (3t2 - 9)-1/2 . t dt -
t dt -
dt
1/2
(3t - 9)
[(3.t)2 - 32]
dt
[(3.t)
-3]
2
9.
(x + 3) dx .
6x - x2
Haciendo artificios con el nmerador de la integral:
x + 3 - 3 + 3 = {x - 3 + 6} = {- 3 + x + 6} = {-(3 - x) + 6}.
Reemplazando en la integral.
{-(3 - x) + 6} dx = - (3 - x) dx + 6
dx
98
6x - x
6x - x2
6x - x2
- 1 2(3 - x) dx + 6 dx
2 6x - x2
6x - x2
v = 6x - x2
dv = 6 - 2x
v =x - 3
dv = dx
a =3
- 1 ln{6x - x2} - 6 . 1 . ln x - 3 - 3 + c .
2
2 .3
x-3+3
- 1 ln{6x - x2} - 6 . 1 . ln x - 6 + c .
2
6
x
99
- 1 ln{6x - x2} - ln x - 6 + c .
2
x
10.
(2x + 5) dx .
x2 + 2x + 5
Suponiendo que:v= x2 + 2x + 5; dv= 2x + 2.(verdadero diferencial)
(2x + 2) dx +
3 dx
x2 + 2x + 5
x2 + 2x + 5
Descomponiendo: x2 + 2x + 5 . {2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1}
x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 + 5 = x2 + 2x + 1 + 4 = (x + 1)2 + 22 .
Reemplazando este resultado en la 2da integral .
(2x + 2) dx +
3 dx
x2 + 2x + 5
x2 + 2x + 5
v = x2 + 2x + 5
dv = (2x + 2) dx
100
ln (x2 + 2x + 5) + 3 arc tg (x + 1) + c .
2
2
11.
(1 - x) dx .
4x2 - 4x - 3
- (-1 + x) dx
4x2 - 4x - 3
- 1 8x - 8 dx
8 4x2 - 4x - 3
-1
8
- (x - 1) dx
4x2 - 4x - 3
=
- 1 8(x - 1) dx.
8 4x2 - 4x - 3
- 1 (8x - 4 - 4)dx
8 4x2 - 4x - 3
(8x - 4) dx -
4 dx
2
2
4x - 4x - 3
4 (x - x - 3/4)
- 1 (8x - 4) - 4 dx
8
4x2 - 4x - 3
- 1 (8x - 4) dx -
dx
.
2
2
8 4x - 4x - 3
(x - x - 3/4)
Descomponiendo: x2 - x - 3/4, para hacerlo cuadrado perfecto.
(x2 - x - 3/4 ) . 1 ; 1 2 = 1 .
2
2
4
(x2 - x + 1/4 - 1/4 - 3/4 ) = (x2 - x + 1/4 - 4/4) =
(x - 1/2) - 1 = (x - 1/2)2 - 12 . Se reemplaza en la 2da integral.
-1
8
(8x - 4) dx -
dx
.
4x2 - 4x - 3
(x - 1/2)2 - 12
101
v = x - 1/2 ; dv = dx ; a = 1 .
Se aplica : dv = 1 ln v - a + c .
v2 - a2 2a
v+a
Integrando:
x- 1 - 1 ln(4x2 - 4x - 3) - 1 ln
2
8
2.1
x- 1 +
2
2
2
2
2
2x - 1 - 2
- 1 ln(4x - 4x - 3) - 1 ln
2
8
2
2x - 1 + 2
2
2
.
=
.
=
.
.
2
- 1 ln(4x - 4x - 3) + 1 ln 2x - 1 - 2
8
8.2
2x - 1 + 2
- 1 ln(4x2 - 4x - 3) + 1 ln 2x - 3 + c .
8
16
2x + 1
12.
(3x - 2) dx .
1 - 6x - 9x2
(3x - 2) dx
-(9x2 + 6x - 1)
- (3x - 2) dx
9x2 + 6x - 1
Suponiendo que:
v = 9x2 + 6x -1; dv = 18x + 6 ;(verdadero diferencial); a :(3x - 2)
lo multiplicamos por (6) ; 6(3x - 2)dx = (18x - 12)dx y al mismo
tiempo se le opone 1/6 a la integral.
Descomponiendo :
9x2 + 6x - 1 = 9(x2 + 6/9x - 1/9) = 9(x2 + 2/3x - 1/9).Se le extrae la
mitad al coeficiente del 2do trmino y al al resultado se lo eleva al
cuadrado.
102
2
6
x + 1 - 2
- 1 ln {9x + 6x - 1} + 1 . 1 . ln
3
3 =
6
3 2. 2
x + 1 + 2
3
3
3
2
103
3x + 1 - 2
3
3x + 1 + 2
3
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + . 3 . ln
6
6. 2
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + 1 ln 3x + 1 - 2
6
22
3x + 1 - 2
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + 2 ln
6
4
13.
.
.
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + 2 ln 3x + 1 - 2
6
22.2
3x + 1 - 2
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + 2 ln 3x + 1 - 2
6
2.2
3x + 1 - 2
3x + 1 - 2 + c .
3x + 1 - 2
(x + 3) dx .
x2 + 2x
Suponiendo que: v = x2 + 2x ; dv = 2x + 2 .(verdadero diferencial).
(x + 3) lo multiplicamos por 2: 2(x + 3)dx = (2x + 6) dx.
1 . 2(x + 3) dx
2
x2 + 2x
=
1 . 2x + 6 dx
2 x2 + 2x
1 . (2x + 2) + 4 dx
2
x2 + 2x
1
2
1 . 2x + 2 + 4 dx
2
x2 + 2x
(2x + 2) + 4
dx
x2 + 2x
x2 + 2x
1
(2x + 2) + 4
dx
2
(x2 + 2x)1/2
(x2 + 2x
104
1 (2x + 2) + 4
dx
=
2
1/2
2
2
2 (x + 2x)
(x + 1) - 1
2
-1/2
1 (x + 2x) .(2x + 2) dx + 1 . 4 .
dx
.
2
2
(x + 1)2 - 12
1 (x2 + 2x)-1/2 .(2x + 2) dx
2
+ 1 .4.
dx
.
2
2
2
(x + 1) - 1
(x + 2) dx .
4x - x2
v = 4x - x2 ; dv = - 2x + 4 .(verdadero diferencial)
Se multiplica por (-2) al diferencial (x + 2): -2(x + 2) = - 2x - 4.
105
x dx
.
27 + 6x - x2
106
- 1 (-2 x + 6 - 6) dx
2
27 + 6x - x2
- 1 (-2 x + 6) - 6) dx = - 1 (-2 x + 6 ) dx + 1
6dx
.
2
2
2
2
27 + 6x - x
2 27 + 6x - x
2 27 + 6x - x
v =x - 3
dv = dx
107
- (27 + 6x - x )
+ 3 arc sen (x - 3) + c .
6
(3x + 2) dx .
19 - 5x + x2
Multiplico y divido para (2); luego sumo y resto (19) .
1
2
2(3x + 2) dx .
19 - 5x + x2
1
2
(6x + 4) dx
19 - 5x + x2
1
2
1 (6x + 4 + 19 - 19)dx
2
19 - 5x + x2
=
1 3(2x - 5) dx + 19
dx
2 19 - 5x + x2
2 19 - 5x + x2
3 (2x - 5) dx + 19
dx
.
2
2
2 19 - 5x + x
2 19 - 5x + x
La 1ra integral esta lista para integrarse,el radical sube como
exponente negativo ; en la 2da integral primero completamos con
cuadrados la cantidad sub-radical :19 - 5x + x2 .
19 - 5x + x2 = x2 - 5x + 19 .
x2 - 5x + 19 = x2 - 5x + 19 + 25/4 - 25/4 =
108
(3x - 2) dx .
4x2 - 4x + 5
Multiplico y divido para (8) y luego descompongo (-16) en (- 12) y (- 4)
109
1 (24x - 12 - 4) dx
8
4x2 - 4x + 5
Agrupando trminos:
1 {(24x - 12) - 4}dx
8
4x2 - 4x + 5
1
8
(24x - 12) dx - 4
dx
.
2
2
4x - 4x + 5
4x - 4x + 5
1 . 3(8x - 4) dx - 1 . 4 .
dx
.
8 4x2 - 4x + 5 8
4x2 - 4x + 5
3 (4x2 - 4x + 5)-1/2 . (8x - 4) dx - 1
dx
.
2
8
2 4x - 4x + 5
La 1ra integral esta lista para integrarse; la 2da integral primero
completamos con cuadrados la cantidad sub-radical:4x 2 - 4x + 5
18.
(8x - 3) dx .
12x - 4x2 - 5
(8x - 12) dx +
9dx
12x - 4x2 - 5
12x - 4x2 - 5
(8x - 12) dx + 9
dx
=
12x - 4x2 - 5
12x - 4x2 - 5
{(8x - 12) + 9} dx
12x - 4x2 - 5
111
- (- 8x + 12) dx + 9
dx
.
2
2
12x - 4x - 5
12x - 4x - 5
- (12x - 4x2 - 5)-1/2 .(- 8x + 12) dx + 9
dx
.
2
12x - 4x - 5
dx
.
2
{2 - ( 2x - 3) }
2
v = 2x - 3
dv = 2 dx
a =2
dv = arc sen v + c .
a2 - v2
a
1 . 12 - (2x)2 . (2) dx
2
113
x . 1 - 4x + 1 . arc sen 2x + c .
2
4
2
2.
1 12 + (3x)2.(3) .dx
3
1
3
x2 - 1 dx = x x2 - 4 - ln (x + x2 - 4 ) + c .
4
x2 - 4 dx = x2 - 4 dx = 1 . x2 - 4 dx = 1 . x2 - 2 dx
4
v =x
dv = dx
a =2
1 . x x2 - 4 - 22. ln(x + x2 - 4 ) + c
2 2
2
114
1 . x x2 - 4 - 1 . 4 . ln(x + x2 - 4 ) + c .
2 2
2 2
x x2 - 4 - . 4 . ln(x + x2 - 4 ) + c .
4
4
.
x x2 - 4 - ln(x + x2 - 4 ) + c .
4
4.
5.
1
3
+ c .
115
v = 2x
dv = 2 dx
a =3
1 . (2x)2 + 32 .(2) dx
2
1 . 2x . 4x2 + 9 +
2
2
1 . 2 x . 4x2 + 9 +
2 2
32 ln(2x + 4x2 + 9) + c.
2
1 . 32 ln (2x + 4x2 + 9 ) + c .
2 2
3
5
+c.
5 - 3x2 dx = (5 )2 - (3.x)2 dx .
v = 3.x
dv = 3 dx
a = 5
1 {(5)2 - (3.x)2}. 3 dx
3
3 . x + c.
+c.
116
2
7.
23
3 - 2x - x2 . dx = x + 1 3 - 2x - x2 + 2 arc sen x + 1 + c .
2
2
Factorizamos y completamos con cuadrados : 3 - 2x - x2 .
3 - 2x - x2 = - (x2 + 2x - 3) . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
- (x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 - 3) = -{(x + 1)2 - 4} = -{(x + 1)2 - 22} =
22 - (x + 1)2 ; reemplazando este resultado en la integral .
3 - 2x - x2 .dx = 22 - (x + 1)2 .dx =
v =x + 1
dv = dx
a =2
117
x - 1 5 - 2x + x2 + 4 ln ( x - 1 + 5 - 2x + x2) + c .
2
2
x - 1 5 - 2x + x2 + 2 ln [x - 1 + 5 - 2x + x2] + c .
2
9.
2x - x2 . dx = x - 1 2x - x2 + 1 arc sen (x - 1) + c .
2
2
Factorizamos y completamos con cuadrados: 2x - x2 .
- x2 + 2x = - (x2 - 2x ) .
2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1 .
x - 1 . 2x - x2 + 1 arc sen (x - 1) + c.
2
2
10.
10 - 4x + 4x2.dx = 2x - 1 10 - 4x + 4x2 + 9
4
ln (2x - 1 + 10 - 4x + 4x2) + c
x- 1
2
+ 9
4
4 2x - 1 2 + 9
2
4
4 . (2x - 1)2 + 4 . 9
4
4
4 (2x - 1)2 + 9
4
4
(2x - 1) 10 - 4x + 4x 2 + 9 ln {(2x - 1) + 10 - 4x + 4x 2 } + c .
4
4
11.
16 - 9x 2 . dx .
119
(4)2 - (3x)2 . dx
v = 3x
dv = 3 dx
a =4
12.
4 + 25x2 . dx .
22 + (5x)2 . dx =
v = 5x
dv = 5 dx
a =2
9x2 - 1 dx .
(3x)2 - 12 . dx =
v = 3x
Falta (3) para completar el diferencial. Se aplica:
dv = 3 dx v2 - a2 . dv = v v2 - a2 - a2 ln(v + v2 - a2) + c .
a =1
2
2
2
2
2
2
(3x) - 1 . dx = 3x 9x - 1 - 1 ln (3x + 9x2 - 1 ) + c .
2
2
120
3x 9x - 1 - 1 ln (3x + 9x2 - 1 ) + c .
2
2
2
14.
8 - 3x2 . dx .
(8)2 - (3 . x)2 . dx =
v = 3 . x
dv = 3 dx
a = 8
1 . (8)2 - (3 . x)2 . 3 dx
3
+c.
5 + 2x2 . dx .
(5)2 + (2.x)2 . dx =
v = 2 . x
Falta (2) para completar el diferencial. Se aplica;
dv = 2 dx a2 + v2 . dv = v a2 + v2 + a2 ln {v + a2 + v2 } + c
a = 5
2
2
1 (5)2 + (2.x)2.( 2 ) dx
2
1
2.x . 5 + 2x2 +
22
1 . 5 ln [2.x + 5 + 2x2]
2 2
5 2 ln[2.x + 5 + 2x2] + c .
2x2
5 - 4x - x2 . dx .
Factorizamos y completamos con cuadrados: 5 - 4x - x2 .
- x2 - 4x + 5 = - (x2 + 4x - 5) . 4/2 = 2 ; (2)2 = 4
- (x2 + 4x - 5) = - (x2 + 4x + 4 - 5 - 4)
- {(x2 + 4x + 4) - 9} = -{(x + 2)2 - 32} = 32 - (x + 2)2
Reemplazando este ultimo resultado en la integral .
5 - 4x - x2 . dx = 32 - (x + 2)2. dx =
v = x + 2 El diferencial esta completo. Se aplica:
dv = dx
a2 - v2.dv = v a2 - v2 + a2 arc sen v + c .
a =5
2
2
a
2
2
x + 2 5 - 4x - x + (5) arc sen x + 2 + c .
2
2
5
x + 2 5 - 4x - x2 + 5 arc sen (x + 2). 5 + c .
2
2
5 . 5
x + 2 5 - 4x - x2 + 5 arc sen (x + 2). 5 + c .
2
2
5
122
17.
5 + 2x + x2 . dx =
Factorizamos y completamos con cuadrados: 5 + 2x + x2 .
5 + 2x + x2 = (x2 + 2x + 5) . 2/2 = 1 ; (1)2 = 1
Sumando y restando (1) en: (x2 + 2x + 5) = (x2 + 2x + 1 + 5 - 1)
{(x2 + 2x + 1) + (5 - 1)} = {(x + 1)2 + 4} = {(x + 1)2 + 22}
Reemplazando este resultado en la integral .
5 + 2x + x2 . dx = (x + 1)2 + 22 . dx =
v =x + 1
dv = dx
a= 2
x + 1 5 + 2x + x2 + (2)2 ln{(x + 2) + 5 + 2x + x2 } + c .
2
2
x + 1 5 + 2x + x2 + 4 ln{(x + 2) + 5 + 2x + x2 } + c .
2
2
x + 1 5 - 4x - x2 + 2 ln{(x + 2) + 5 + 2x + x2 } + c .
2
18.
x2 - 8x + 7 . dx .
Factorizamos y completamos con cuadrados: x2 - 8x + 7 .
x2 - 8x + 7 . 8/2 = 4 ; (4)2 = 16
Sumando y restando (16) en : (x2 - 8x + 16 + 7 - 16 ) =
x2 - 8x + 7 . dx = (x - 4)2 - 32.dx =
123
v =x - 4
dv = dx
a= 3
x - 4 x2 - 8x + 7 - (3)2 ln{(x - 4) + x2 - 8x + 7} + c .
2
2
x - 4 x2 - 8x + 7 - 9 ln{(x - 4) + x2 - 8x + 7 } + c .
2
2
19.
4 - 2x - x2 . dx .
Factorizamos y completamos con cuadrados: 4 - 2x - x 2 .
+c.
x2 - 2x + 8 . dx .
Factorizamos y completamos con cuadrados: x2 - 2x + 8 .
x2 - 2x + 8 . 2/2 = 1 ; (1)2 = 1
124
3.
1/3 cos3 + c .
cos2 sen d .
(cos )2 . sen d
v = cos
dv = - sen d
n =2
4.
- 1/3 cos3 + c
3
126
v = sen 6x
Le falta (6) para completar el diferencial,
dv = cos 6x . 6 dx luego se procede a integrar.
n =3
1 (sen 6x)3.cos 6x .(6)dx = 1 . (sen 6x)3+1 = 1 .(sen 6x)4 =
6
6
3+1
6
4
(sen 6x)4
24
5.
1 sen4 6x + c .
24
6.
- 1/8 cos4 2 + c .
127
1
+
1
. Por Trigonometra:
1 = csc x
3(sen x)3 (sen x)1
sen x
3
3
- 1/3 (csc x) + (cscx ) = cscx - 1/3 csc x + c .
7.
dv = - sen d
n = -2
8.
9.
sen5 y dy .
cos y
sen4 y.sen y.(cos y)-1/2 dy = sen4 y.(cos y)-1/2.sen y dy =
(1 - cos2 y)2.(cos y)-1/2.sen y dy =
{[(1 - 2cos2 y + cos4 y).(cos y)-1/2 ].sen y }dy
{[(1 . (cos y)-1/2 - 2(cos y)2.(cos y)-1/2 + (cos y)4.(cos y)-1/2 ].sen y }dy =
12.
cos5 t dt
sent
sen3 2 . d .
sen2 2 . sen 2 d = (1 - cos2 2) . sen 2 d =
[1(sen 2) - cos2 2.sen 2]d = (sen 2 - cos2 2.sen 2)d
sen 2 d - cos2 2.sen 2 d = sen 2.d - (cos 2)2.sen 2d
{v = 2 ; dv = 2 d} ; {v = cos 2 ; dv = - 2 sen 2 d}
. sen 2 . (2)d - (- ) (cos 2)2 .(-2) sen 2 d =
. sen 2 . (2)d + (cos 2)2 .(-2) sen 2 d =
.(- cos 2) + . (cos 2)2+1 = - cos 2 + .(cos 2)3 =
2+1
2
3
3
- cos 2 + (cos 2) + c .
2
6
14.
cos3 d .
2
133
sen 2x cos 2x dx .
2sen x cos x .(cos2x - sen2x) dx .
2sen x cos3x dx - 2sen3x cos x dx = 2(cos x)3.sen x dx - 2(sen x)3.cos x dx
sen3 t cos3 t dt .
sen2t .sen t .cos2t .cos t dt = sen2t .sen t .(1 - sen2t) .cos t dt
sen3t .cos t.(1 - sen2 t) dt = (sen3t .cos t - sen5t .cos t) dt
sen3t.cost dt - sen5t.cost dt = (sen t)3.cost dt - (sen t)5.cost dt
134
cos3 sen2 d
2
18.
sen3 mt cos2 mt dt .
135
- cos3 mt + cos5 mt + c .
3m
5m
sen5 nx dx
sen2nx .sen2nx .sen nx dx = (1 - cos2nx)(1 - cos2nx).sen nx dx
(1 - cos2nx)2 .sen nx dx = (1 - 2cos2nx + cos4nx) .sen nx dx
(sen nx - 2cos2nx .sen nx + cos4nx .sen nx) dx
sen nx dx - 2cos2nx .sen nx dx + cos4nx .sen nx dx .
(1/n)sen nx . (n)dx - 2(-1/n)(cos nx) .(-n)sen nx dx +
(-1/n)(cos nx)4 (-n).sen nx dx =
(1/n)sen nx .(n)dx + (2/n)(cos nx).(-n)sen nx dx (1/n)(cos nx)4 (-n).sen nx dx =
(1/n)(- cos nx) + (2/n)(cos nx)2+1 - (1/n) (cos nx)4+1
2+1
4+1
136
cos3 (a + bt) dt .
cos2 (a + bt). cos (a + bt) dt =
[1 - sen2 (a + bt)] .cos (a + bt) dt
cos (a + bt) - [sen2 (a + bt)]. cos (a + bt)dt .
cos (a + bt) . dt - [sen (a + bt)]2. cos (a + bt)dt .
Completando los diferenciales:
v = (a + bt)
dv = b dt
v = sen (a + bt)
dv = [cos (a + bt)].(b) dt
cot
sen
sen
cos .
1
. d = cos . d = (sen )-3/2 cos . d
sen (sen )1/2
(sen )3/2
El diferencial esta completo, se procede a integrar.
(sen )-3/2+1 = (sen )-1/2 = - 2(sen )-1/2 =
-3/2+1
-1/2
=
22.
-2
sen
-2
=
1/2
(sen )
+c.
sen3 2x dx
cos 2x
sen3 2x dx = sen3 2x . (cos 2x)-1/3 dx =
(cos 2x)1/3
sen2 2x .sen 2x.(cos 2x)-1/3 dx =
(1 - cos2 2x).sen 2x.(cos 2x)-1/3dx
v = (cos 2x)
dv = -2 sen 2x dx
n = 5/3
138
-3(cos 2x)2
4
2x 2 - (cos 2x)2 + c .
8
139
v =x
dv = dx
cot3 x dx
3
- 3 . cot2 x - 3 ln sen x + c .
2
140
{cot x
v = cot x .
v= x
dv = - 1 .csc2 x . dx
3
dv = 1 dx
n =1
(-3)cot x . - 1 csc2 x .dx - (3)cot x . 1 dx =
3 3
3
3 3
- 3 (cot 1/3 x)1+1 - 3 ln sen ( x ) = - 3 (cot 1/3 x)2 - 3 ln sen ( x ) =
1+1
3
2
3
=
3.
- 3 cot2 x - 3 ln sen x + c .
2
3
3
v = 2x
dv = 2 . dx
csc4 x dx
4
- 4 cot3 x - 4 cot x + c .
3
4
4
- 4 cot3 x - 4 cot x + c .
3
4
4
142
v = (tg 3)
dv = 3sec2 3 .d
n =3
v = (tg 3)
dv = 3 sec2 3 .d
n =1
v = 3
dv = 3 .d
Se aplica en la 3ra integral
tg v dv = ln sec v + c .
6.
sen2 d
cos4
1 tg3 + c .
3
sen2 . sec2 . d
cos2
v = (tg )
El diferencial esta completo, se procede a integrar.
2
dv = sec Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n =1
n+1
(tg )2+1 = (tg )3 = (tg3 ) + c .
2+1
3
3
7.
dx
sen 2x cos 2x
csc2 2x . sec 4 2x dx
Por Trigonometra:
v = 2x
dv = 2 dx
v = tg 2x
dv = 2 sec2 2x . dx
n =2
9.
145
sen x dx = sen3/2 x .
1 .dx = tg3/2 x .
1 .dx
11/2
3/2
8/2
cos x
cos x cos x
cos 4 x
3/2
v = sec
dv = sec .tg . d
n+1
sec ax
tg ax
. dx = - 1 cot ax + 1 cot3 ax + c .
a
3
sec4 ax . dx = 1
. 1 . dx = 1
. cot4 ax . dx =
tg4 ax
cos4 ax tg4 ax
cos4 ax
1
. cos4 ax . dx = 1
. cos4 ax . dx = 1
dx =
4
4
4
4
4
cos ax sen ax
cos ax sen ax
sen ax
csc4 ax dx = csc2 ax . csc2 ax dx = csc2 ax . (1 + cot2 ax) dx =
(csc2 ax + cot2 ax .csc2 ax) dx = csc2 ax dx + cot2 ax .csc2 ax dx =
v = ax
dv = a dx
v = (cot ax)
dv = a.csc2 ax dx
12.
-1
a
cot x + 1 cot3 ax + c .
3
(cot2 2 + cot4 2) . d
- 1/6 cot3 2 + c .
- 1 cot3 2 + c .
6
148
149
14.
cot ax dx .
5
(-1/a) (csc ax)3.[-csc ax .cot ax .(a)]dx - 2(-1/a) (csc ax).[-csc ax. cot
ax.(a)]dx + (1/a) cot ax .(a)dx .
15.
sec6 d
sec4 . sec2 d = (tg2 + 1)2 . sec2 d =
(tg4 + 2 tg2 + 1)2 . sec2 d =
tg4 .sec2 d + 2tg2 .sec2 d + sec2 d =
(tg )4.sec2 d + 2(tg )2.sec2 d + sec2 d =
(tg )4+1 + 2 (tg )2+1 + tg = tg5 + 2 tg3 + tg + c .
4+1
16.
2+1
csc6 x dx
2
(csc4 x dx. csc2 x ) dx = (1+ cot2 x )2. csc2 x .dx
2
150
v = x
dv = dx
v = (cot x)
dv = - csc2 x .dx
n =1
17.
sec4 t dt
tg3 t
sec4 t.cot3 t dt = sec4 t.cot3 t dt = sec2 t. sec2 t.cot3 t dt =
(1 + tg2 t) (1 + tg2 t).cot3 t dt = (1 + tg2 t)2.cot3 t dt =
(1 + 2tg2 t + tg4 t).cot3 t dt =
cot3 t dt + 2tg2 t.cot3 t dt + tg4 t.cot3 t dt =
cot3 t dt + 2tg2 t.cot2 t . cot t dt + tg3 t. tg t.cot3 t dt =
cot3 t dt + 2tg2 t . 1 .cot t dt + tg3 t. 1 .tg t dt =
151
tg2 t
tg3 t
18.
sec4 x dx
tg x
sec2 x. sec2 x.(tg x)-1/2 dx =
(1 + tg2 x). sec2 x.(tg x)-1/2 dx
sec2 x.(tg x)-1/2 dx + tg2 x.(tg x)-1/2. sec2 x. dx
(tg x)-1/2. sec2 x dx + (tg x)3/2. sec2 x. dx
v = (tg x)
1ra integral. La integral esta completa.
dv = sec2 x dx
Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c
n = -1/2
n+1
v = (tg x)
2da integral. La integral esta completa.
dv = sec2 x dx Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c
n = 3/2
n+1
(tg x)-1/2+1 + (tg x)3/2+1 = (tg x)1/2 + (tg x)5/2 = 2(tg x)1/2 + 2(tg x)5/2 + c
-1/2+1
3/2+1
1/2
5/2
5
19.
csc ax
cot ax
dx
2+1
3a
tg ax + tg3 ax + c .
a
3a
19.
tg3 x . sec3 x dx
3
3
tg2 x . tg x . sec3 x dx
3
3
3
Por Trigonometra: sec2 x - 1 = tg2 x .
3
3
2
3
(sec x - 1). tg x . sec x dx
3
3
3
sec5 x . tg x .- sec3 x . tg x . dx
3
3
3
3
sec4 x . sec x . tg x .dx - sec2 x . sec x . tg x . dx
3
3
3
3
3
3
3(sec x )4.(1/3)sec x .tg x .dx - 3(sec x )2 .(1/3)sec x .tg x .dx
3
3
3
3
3
3
3(sec x )4+1
3
4+1
3(sec x )3
3
3
3 (sec x )5 (sec x )3 + c .
5
3
3
21.
dx
.
sen4 3x . cos2 3x
154
csc bx 2 dx
tg bx
csc2 bx . cot2 bx . dx = cot2 bx . csc2 bx .dx
(-1/b)(cot bx)2 .(- b) csc2 bx .dx
2+1
23.
3b
3b
tg 3 d
cot
tg3 .tg3 .d = tg2 .tg .tg2 .d
(sec2 - 1).(sec2 - 1). tg2 .d = (sec2 - 1)2. tg2 .d
(sec4 - 2 sec2 + 1). tg2 .d
(sec2 .sec2 - 2sec2 + 1).tg2 .d.Por Trigonometra: sec2 = tg2 + 1
[(tg2 + 1). sec2 - 2sec2 + 1]. tg2 .d
[(tg2 . sec2 + sec2 - 2 sec2 + 1]. tg2 .d
[(tg2 . sec2 - sec2 + 1]. tg2 .d
[(tg2 . tg2 . sec2 - tg2 .sec2 + tg2 ]. d
Por trigonometra: tg2 = sec2 - 1.
[(tg ) . tg2 . sec2 - tg2 .sec2 + sec2 - 1]. d
tg4 .sec2 .d - tg2 .sec2 .d + sec2 .d - d
(tg )4 . sec2 .d - (tg )2 .sec2 .d + sec2 .d - d
v = (tg )
Esta completo el diferencial de la 1 ra integral .
dv = sec2 .d Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n =4
n+1
v = (tg )
dv = sec2 .d
156
(tg )
4+1
4+1
24.
- (tg )2+1 + tg -
2+1
v = (tg at)
dv = a.sec2 at
n =6
tg3 x dx
sec x
157
tg x . (sec x)
3
-1/2
(sec x)1/2 .(sec x)2/2 .tg x dx - (sec x)-3/2 . (sec x)1 .tg x dx =
(sec x)1/2.(sec x).tg x dx - (sec x)-3/2.(sec x).tg x dx =
El diferencial de ambas integrales esta completo.Se aplica: v n dv = v n+1 + c.
n+1
tgn x . sec4 x dx
sec2 x . tgn x . sec2 x dx = [(1 + tg2 x). tgn x . sec2 x] dx
tgn x . sec2 x . dx + tg2 x. tgn x . sec2 x .dx
(tg x)n . sec2 x . dx + (tg x)n+2 . sec2 x .dx
v = (tg x)
dv = sec2 x .dx
n =n
158
v = (tg x)
dv = sec2 x .dx
n = n+2
tg5 2 d
sec3 2
tg3 2 . tg2 2 . cos3 2 . d = sen3 2 . tg2 2 . cos3 2 . d
cos3 2
tg2 2.sen3 2 d = (sec2 2 - 1).sen2 2 . sen 2 d
(sec2 2 . sen2 2 . sen 2 - sen2 2. sen 2) d
1
. sen 2 - 2sen 2 + cos2 2 .sen 2) d
cos 2 cos 2
(tg 2.
160
1.
sen x . dx = x - sen 2x + c .
2
4
2
3.
4.
2/8
3/8
162
5/16dx
4a
7.
dx
- . dx - . cos 2x dx = dx - dx - cos 2x dx
dx
dx
1/8
8.
sen4 ax dx
sen2 ax . sen2 ax dx = sen2 ax . sen2 ax dx = [ - cos 2ax]2dx
{()2 - 2()().cos 2ax + [()cos 2ax]2} dx
165
sen2 2x .cos4 2x dx
sen2 2x .cos4 2x . cos2 2x dx
[ - cos 2(2x)]. [ + cos 2(2x)]. cos2 2x dx
[ - cos 4x]. [ + cos 4x]. cos2 2x dx
[ - cos2 4x].cos2 2x dx
[ .cos2 2x - .cos2 2x .cos2 4x] dx
166
1/16
x - 1/128 sen 8x +
1/32 (sen
4x)2+1
2+1
x - sen 8x + (sen 4x)3 = x + (sen 4x)3 - sen 8x
16
128
32(3)
16
96
128
x + sen3 4x - sen 8x + c .
16
96
128
10.
- 4 sen .d + cos 2 .d =
9/2 d
9/2
9 + 4cos + sen 2 + c .
2
4
11.
[sen2 + cos ]2 d =
[(sen2 )2 + 2.(sen2 ).cos + cos2 ]2 d =
[( - cos 2)2 + 2.(sen2 ).cos + ( + cos 2)] d =
[( - 2.. cos 2 + ( cos 2)2 + 2(sen2 ).cos + + cos 2]d
168
7/8 d
7/8
7 + sen 4 + 2(sen )3
7 + 2sen3 + sen 4 + c
8
12.
32
32
cos 2x - cos 6x + c .
4
12
13.
14.
sen x - sen 5x + c .
2
10
cos 4x cos 3x dx
Por Trigonometra: cos 4x cos 3x = cos[4+3]x + cos[4-3]x
cos 4x cos 3x = cos 7x + cos x
( cos 7x + cos x) dx = cos 7x dx + cos x dx
.(1/7) cos 7x .(7)dx + cos x dx
1/14(sen
15.
sen x + sen 7x + c
14
2
cos2 ax dx =
[ + cos 2(ax) ]dx = [ + cos 2ax ]dx =
dx + .1/2a cos 2ax .(2a) ]dx =
16.
17.
18.
sen4 /2 cos2 /2 .d =
sen2 /2.cos2 /2.sen2 /2 d = (sen /2 .cos /2)2 .sen2 /2 d =
Por Trigonometra:sen
Se usa: vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n+1
(- cos ) - .sen2
2
- cos - sen2 + c .
4
8
171
19.
csc ax . dx =
cot ax
4
1
sen ax
cos ax
sen ax
=
1
= sec ax
cos ax
.
sen2 x . cos6 x . dx .
sen2 x . cos2 x . cos2 x . cos2 x . dx .
(sen x . cos x)2 .(cos x . cos x)2 . dx .
Por trigonometra: sen x.cos x = sen 2x ;
172
2
cos2 x = cos 2x + 1 = cos 2x + .Sustituyendo en la integral .
2
(sen x . cos x)2 .(cos x . cos x)2 . dx .
( sen 2x)2 .( cos 2x + )2 . dx .
( sen 2x)2 .( cos 2x + )2 . dx .Haciendo operaciones.
(1/4 sen2 2x) .[1/4 cos2 2x + 2. cos 2x . + ] . dx .
(1/4 sen2 2x) .[1/4 cos2 2x + cos 2x + ] . dx .
[1/16 sen2 2x . cos2 2x + 1/8 sen2 2x . cos 2x + 1/16 sen2 2x].dx .
1/16 sen2 2x . cos2 2x + 1/8 . (sen 2x)2.cos 2x.(2)+ 1/16sen2 2x.dx .
1/16sen2 2x.cos2 2x +1/16 (sen 2x)2.cos 2x.(2)+ 1/16[1/2 - cos 2(2x) ] .dx .
1/16(sen 2x .cos 2x)2 dx + (sen 2x)2+1 + 1/16.1/2 dx - 1/16 . .1/4 cos 4x .(4)dx .
16(2+1)
1/16 . 1/4 [1/2 cos 2(4x)]dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
1/128 x 1/128 . 1/8 cos 8x . (8)dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
21.
(1 + cos x)3 . dx .
(13 + 3.12.cos x + 3.1.cos2 x + cos3 x) . dx .
(1 + 3cos x + 3cos2 x + cos3 x) . dx .
[1 + 3cos x + 3( + cos 2x) + cos2 x .cos x] . dx .
[1 + 3cos x + 3( + cos 2x) + (1 - sen2 x) .cos x] . dx .
[2/2 + 3cos x + 3/2 + 3/2 cos 2x + cos x - sen2 x .cos x] . dx .
[5/2 + 4cos x + 3/2 cos 2x - sen2 x .cos x] . dx .
173
2+1
5x + 4 sen x + 3sen 2x - (sen x)3 + c .
2
22.
+1
(- cos 2) - (sen 2 )1/2+1 + /2 + 1/8 sen 4 d
+1
- (cos 2) - (sen 2 )3/2 + /2 + 1/8 sen 4 d
3/2
- (cos 2) - 2(sen 2 )3/2 + /2 + 1/8 sen 4 + c .
3
Ordenando:
/2 + 1/8 sen 4 - 2(sen 2 )3/2 - (cos 2) + c .
3
23.
(cos - 2sen )2 d
[(cos )2 - 2 (cos .2sen + (2 sen )2 ] d
[(cos ) - 2.2 (cos )1/2.sen + (4 sen2 )] d
[cos - 4(cos )1/2.sen + 4(1/2 - 1/2 cos 2] d
[(cos ) - 4(cos )1/2.sen + 4/2 - 4/2 cos 2] d
[cos - 4(cos )1/2.sen + 2 - 2 cos 2] d
(cos ) d - 4(cos )1/2.sen d + 2 d - 2. cos 2.(2) .d
sen - 4(cos )1/2+1 + 2 - sen 2
+1
sen - 4(cos )3/2 + 2 - sen 2 + c .
3/2
sen - 8(cos )3/2 + 2 - sen 2 + c .
174
3
24.
a2 - a2 sen2 z
a2 + a2 tg2 z
a2sec2 z - a2
1.-
dx
(x2 + 2)3/2
=
=
=
a 1 - sen2 z
a 1 + tg2 z
a sec2 z - 1
=
=
=
a cos z (1)
a sec z (2)
a tg z
(3)
u =x
Como: (x2 + 2)3/2 = {(x2 + 2)}3 es similar a a2 + u2
a = 2 hgase u = a tg z
a2 = 2
u = a tg z
du = asec2 z dz dz.
dx = du
Sustituyendo,haciendo operaciones y utilizando (2) resulta:
2
2
dx
du
=
= a sec z dz dz = a sec z dz
(x2 + 2)3/2 {(u2 + a2)}3
{a sec z}3
a3 sec3 z
sec2 z dz
a2 sec3 z
u = a tg z .
a tg z = u
tg z = u .
a
sen z
a2
1 dz = 1 cos z dz = sen z +.
a2 sec z
a2
a2
sen z =
u
2
u + a
u2 + a2
u
z
u
u + a2
a2
2
u
a2 u2 + a2
x
+c.=
2 x2 + 4
177
2.-
x2 dx
(x2 - 6)
x (x2 - 6) + 3 ln (x + (x2 - 6) ) + c .
u =x
Como: (x2 - 6) = es similar a u2 - a2
a = 6 hgase u = a sec z
a2 = 6
u = a sec z
du = a sec z .tg z dz .
dx = du
Sustituyendo,haciendo operaciones y utilizando (3) resulta:
x2 dx
u2 du = (a sec z)2 .a sec z .tg z dz dz =
=
2
2
(x - 6)
u - a2
a tg z
a2 sec2 z . sec z dz = a2 sec3 z dz =
Se integra por partes:
u dv = uv - v du
sec3 z dz = sec z . sec2 z dz =
u = sec z
dv = sec2 z dz
du = sec z . tg z dz
v = tg z
sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - tg z .sec z . tg z dz =
sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - tg2 z .sec z .dz =
sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - (sec2 z - 1) .sec z .dz =
sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - [(sec3 z - sec z) .dz] =
sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - sec3 z dz - sec z .dz =
sec3 z dz + sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - sec z .dz =
2 sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - ln (sec z + tg z) =
sec3 z dz = sec z . tg z - ln (sec z + tg z) =
2
Pero: a2 sec3 z dz = a2 sec z . tg z - ln (sec z + tg z) =
2
a2 sec z . tg z - a2 ln (sec z + tg z) =
2
2
178
u = a sec z
sec z = u ; tg z = u2 - a2
a
a
u2 - a2
z
a
x2 dx
(x2 - 6)
a2 sec z . tg z - a2 ln (sec z + tg z) =
2
2
a2 u . u2 - a2 a2 ln u + u2 - a2 =
a.a
a
a
=
2
2
1
1
=
.
a2 u .u2 - a2 - a2 ln u + u2 - a2
2a2
2
a
u.u2 - a2 - a2 ln u + u2 - a2
2
2
a
Sustituyendo valores:
x . x2 - 6 - 6 ln x + x2 - 6
2
2
6
Aplicando logaritmos naturales:
x . x2 - 6 - 3ln x + x2 - 6 - 3 ln 6 + c . Pero: 3 ln 6 = c
2
x . x2 - 6 - 3ln x + x2 - 6 + c .
2
3.-
dx
.
2 3/2
(5 - x )
179
u =x
Como: (5 - x2)3/2 = {(5 - x2}3 es similar a a2 - u2
a = 5 hgase u = a sen z
a2 = 5
u = a sen z
du = a cos z dz.
du = dx
Sustituyendo, haciendo operaciones y utilizando (1) resulta:
dx
du
=
= a cos z dz
= a cos z dz =
(5 - x2)3/2 {a2 - u2}3 {a cos z}3
a3 cos3 z
dz = 1 sec2 z dz = 1 tg z = tg z
a2 cos2 z a2
a2
a2
u = a sen z .
a sen z = u
sen z = u .
a
tg z
a2
tg z =
u .
a2 - u2
a2 - u2
u
a - u2
a2
2
u
a2 a2 - u2
x
+c.
5 5 - x2
4.-
t2 dt
(4 - t2)
u = t Como: (4 - t2 ) = es similar a a2 - u2
a =2
hgase u = a sen z
2
a =4
u = a sen z
du = a cos z dz .
du = dt
Sustituyendo, haciendo operaciones y utilizando (1) resulta:
t2 dx
u2 du = (a sen z)2. a cos z dz =
=
(4 - t2)
a2 - u2
a cos z
2
Aplicando la formula: sen u du = u - sen 2u + c
a2 sen2 z .dz = a2 ( - sen 2z) =
180
u = a sen z .
cos z = a2 - u2 .
a
u
a sen z = u
a
z
sen z = u .
z = arc sen u/a
a2 - u2
a
sen 2z = 2 sen z . cos z
a2 ( z- sen 2z) = a2 [ z - (2 sen z . cos z)] =
a2 [ z - sen z .cos z)] = a2z - a2 sen z .cos z)] =
2
2
2
2
2
2
4z - 4 u . a - u = 2z - 2 u . a - u =
2
2 a
a
a2
2
Pero: z = arc sen u/a ; u = t ; a = 4
2 arc sen u/a - 2 t . 4 - t2 = 2 arc sen t/2 - t . 4 - t2 + c .
4
2
.
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