Question 1:

It is given that y varies directly as the cube of x and y = 192 when x = 4. Calculate the
value of x when y = 24.
Question 2:
It is given that y varies directly as the square of x and y = 9 when x =
2. Calculate the value of x when y = 16.

Question 3:
Given that y varies inversely as w and x and y = 45 when w = 2
and x =

1
6 . Find the value of x when y = 15 and w =

1
3

Question 4:
Given that, p

q T and p = 3 when q = 2 and r = 16, find the

value of p when q= 3 and r = 4.

Question 5:
It is given that R varies directly as the square root of S and inversely
as the square of T. Find the relation between R, S and T.

Question 6:
Given that y varies inversely as the cube of x and y = 16 when x = .
Express y in terms of x.

4.7 Inverse Matrix

1. If A is a square matrix, B is another square matrix and A B = B A = I, then
matrix A is the inverse matrix of matrix B and vice versa. Matrix A is called the inverse
matrix of B for multiplication and vice versa.
2. The symbol A-1 denotes the inverse matrix of A.
3. Inverse matrices can only exist for square matrices but not all square matrices have
inverse matrices.
4. If AB I or BA I, then A is not the inverse of B and B is not the inverse of A.

Question 1:

In figure above, FAD is a tangent to the circle with centre O. AEB andOECD are
straight lines. The value of y is
Solution:

OAD = 90o
AOD = 180o 90o 34o = 56o
y = 56o 2 = 28o

Question 2:

In figure above, PQR is a tangent to the circle QSTU at Q and TUPV is a straight
line. The value of y is
Solution:

QTS = RQS = 40o

SQT = QTS = 40o (isosceles triangle)
PQT = 180o 40o 40o = 100o
TPQ = 180o 115o = 65o
y = 180o 100o 65o = 15o

Question 3:

In figure above, ABC is a tangent to the circle BDE with centre O, at B.

Find the value of y.
Solution:

BOD = 2 BED
= 2 35o = 70o
ODB = OBD
= (180o 70o) 2 = 55o
EDB = EBA = 75o

yo + ODB = 75o
yo + 55o = 75o
y = 20o

Question 4:

In figure above, ABCD is a tangent to the circle CEF at point C. EGC is a straight
line. The value of y is
Solution:
CEF=DCF=70

AEG+70+210=360
AEG=80
In cyclic quadrilateral ABGE,
ABG+AEG =180
y+80=180
y=100o

8.1 Tangents to a Circle

1. A tangent to a circle is a straight line that touches the circle at only one point and
the point is called the point of contact.

2. If a straight line cuts a circle at two distinct points, it is called

asecant. The chord is part of the secant in a circle.

3. Tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius of the circle that passes through
the point of contact.

If ABC is the tangent to the circle at B, then ABO = CBO = 90o.

Properties of Two Tangents to a Circle from an External Point

In the diagram, BA and BC are two tangents from an external point B. The
properties of the tangents are as follows.

(a) BA = BC
(b) ABO = CBO = xo
(c) AOB = COB = yo
(d) OAB = OCB = 90o
(e) AOC + ABC = 180o
(f) AOB and COB are congruent
Example 1:

In the diagram, O is the centre of a circle. ABC and CDE are two tangents to the
circle at points B and D respectively. Find the length ofOC.
Solution:
OC2 = OB2 + BC2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
= 62 + 82
= 100
OC = 100 = 10 cm

Example 2:

In the diagram, AB and BC are two tangents to a circle with centre O. Calculate the
values of
(a) x
(b) y
Solution:
(a)
AB = BC
7 + x = 12
x=5
(b)
OBA = OBC = 21o
OAB = 90o (OA is perpendicular to AB)
yo = 180o 21o 90o
y = 69

Example 3:

In the diagram, ABC is a tangent to the circle with centre O at point B.CDE is a
straight line. Find the value of x.
Solution:
CBO = 90o (OB is perpendicular to BC)
In BCE,
x = 180o 30o 50o 90o
x = 10o
8.2 Angle between Tangent and Chord

1. In the diagram above, ABC is a tangent to the circle at point B.

2. Chord BQ divides the circle into two segments, that is, the minor
segment PRB and the major segment PQB.
3. With respect to PBA, PQB is known as the angle subtended bychord BP in
the alternate segment.
4. With respect to QBC, BPQ is known as the angle subtended
bychord BQ in the alternate segment.
5. The angle formed by the tangent and the chord which passes through the point
of contact of the tangent is the same as the angle in the alternate segment which is
subtended by the chord.

6. The relationships between the angles are:

Angle ABP = Angle BQP
Angle CBQ = Angle BPQ

Example 1:

In the diagram, ABC is a tangent to the circle BDE at B.

The length of arc BD is equal to the length of arc DE.
Find the value of p.
Solution:
Angle BED = 82o (angle in alternate segment)
Angle DBE = 82o (Arc BD = Arc DE, BDE is an isosceles triangle)
Therefore p = 180o 82o 82o = 16o

Example 2:
In the diagram, PQR is a tangent to the circle QSTU at Q.

Find the value of y.

Solution:
Angle QUT
= 180o 98o (opposite angle in cyclic quadrilateral QSTU )
= 82o
Angle QTU = 75o (angle in alternate segment)
Therefore y = 180o (82o + 75o) (Sum of interior angles in QTU)
= 23o

Example 3:
In the diagram, PQR is a tangent to the circle QSTU at Q.

Find the values of

(a) x
(b) y

Solution:
(a)
UTS + UQS = 180o (opposite angle in cyclic quadrilateral QSTU)
105o + UQS = 180o
UQS = 75o
x + 75o + 20o = 180o(the sum of angles on a straight line PQR = 180o)
x + 95o = 180o
x = 85o

(b)
PQU = QSU (angle in alternate segment)
85o = 35o + y
y = 50o

Example 4:

In the diagram, ABC is a tangent to the circle BDE with centre O, at B.

Find the value of x.

Solution:

BED=CBD=54
BDE=180542=63Isosceles triangle
EBD=EDB
ABE = BDE = 63
In ABE,
x+45+63 = 180
x+108 = 180
x=72