Further Along The Road To 4G An Update Ond LTE-Advanced V2-Moray Rumney

Greater insight. Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless.
Further Along the Road to 4G:

An update on LTE and LTE-Advanced
Presented by: Moray Rumney, Agilent Technologies
Wireless Communications
2012 Agilent Technologies
Agenda
Greater insight. Greater confidence.
Accelerate next-generation wireless.
Wireless evolution 1990 2012
Confused by the term 4G?

Understanding 3GPPs release structure
UMTS Long Term Evolution
LTE Frequency bands
Release 9 summary
Rel-10 LTE-Advanced radio features

Other key radio features in Rel-10 and beyond
Summary of Release 11
Summary of Release 12
2
Wireless Evolution 1990 - 2012
Technology evolution
W-LAN
Market evolution
Increasing efficiency, bandwidth and data rates
2G
2.5G
PDC
GSM
IS-136
IS-95A
(Japan)
(Europe)
(US TDMA)
(US CDMA)
iMODE
HSCSD
802.11b
802.11a/g
IS-95B
GPRS
(US CDMA)
802.11h
3G
3.5G
W-CDMA
TD-SCDMA
E-GPRS
cdma2000
(FDD & TDD)
(China)
(EDGE)
(1x RTT)
HSDPA
HSUPA
EDGE
Evolution
1x EV-DO
0AB
802.11n
802.16d
(Fixed WiMAX)
WiBRO
3.9G/
4G
4G / IMTAdvanced
HSPA+ /
E-HSPA
LTE
802.16e
(R8/9 FDD & TDD)
(Mobile WiMAX)
(Korea)
LTE-Advanced
802.16m / WiMAX2
(R10 & beyond)
WirelessMAN-Advanced
802.11ac
802.11ad
ITU The Source of the G in Wireless?

International Telecommunications Union
ITU-Radio Working Party 8F (now WP 5D)
International Mobile Telephony
IMT-2000 aka 3G
IMT-Advanced aka 4G
All IMT technologies have access to designated IMT spectrum

4
Confused by the Term 4G?

So You Should Be!

The ITUs 3G program was officially called IMT-2000

The ITUs 4G program is officially called IMT-Advanced
The term 3.9G was widely used to describe LTE since it was developed prior to the
ITU defining IMT-Advanced (aka 4G)
LTE-A was intended to be 3GPPs official 4G technology
The term 4G was informally used to describe WiMAXTM (802.16e)
More recently, some operators describe the evolution of HSPA as 4G
The ITU initially stuck to an interpretation of 4G as being just for IMT-Advanced but
have recently stepped back from this and recently stated
-IMT-Advanced is considered as 4G, although it is recognized that this term, while
undefined, may also be applied to the forerunners of these technologies, LTE and WiMAX
and other evolved 3G technologies providing a substantial level of improvement in
performance.
In summary 4G has lost any useful meaning so beware when using it!
5
Understanding 3GPP Release Structure

The official scope of each 3GPP release is documented at:

www.3gpp.org/releases
Each release has dates for the three main development stages
Stage 1: Service description from a service-users point of view.
Stage 2: Logical analysis, breaking the problem down into functional elements
and the information flows amongst them across reference points between
functional entities.
Stage 3: is the concrete implementation of the protocols appearing at physical
interfaces between physical elements onto which the functional elements have
been mapped.
And some less formal stages

Stage 0: Used to describe 3GPP feasibility studies (study items)
Stage 4: Used to describe the development of test specifications
6
UMTS Long-Term Evolution
1999
2013
Release
Stage 3: Core
specs complete
Main feature of Release
Rel-99
March 2000
UMTS 3.84 Mcps (W-CDMA FDD & TDD)
Rel-4
March 2001
1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
Rel-5
June 2002
HSDPA
Rel-6
March 2005
HSUPA (E-DCH)
Rel-7
Dec 2007
HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO, 16QAM UL). LTE & SAE

Feasibility Study, Edge Evolution
Rel-8
Dec 2008
LTE Work item OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item New IP core network
UMTS Femtocells, Dual Carrier HSDPA
Rel-9
Dec 2009
Multi-standard Radio (MSR), Dual Carrier HSUPA,

Dual Band HSDPA, SON, LTE Femtocells (HeNB)
LTE-Advanced feasibility study
Rel-10
March 2011
LTE-Advanced (4G) work item, CoMP Study

Four carrier HSDPA
Rel-11
Sept 2012
CoMP, eDL MIMO, eCA, MIMO OTA, HSUPA TxD &

64QAM MIMO, HSDPA 8C & 4x4 MIMO, MB MSR
Rel-12
March 2013 stage 1
RAN features being decided Jun 2012
7
LTE Timeline
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Rel-7 Feasibility study

Rel-8 Specification development
Rel-8 Test development
GCF Test validation
LSTI Proof of Concept
LSTI IODT
First GCF UE
certification
LSTI IOT
LSTI Friendly
Customer Trials
First Trial
Networks
First
Commercial
Networks
Further
Commercial
Networks
LSTI = LTE/SAE Trial Initiative GCF = Global Certification Forum

8
Status of LTE network launches March 2012

Source: Global Suppliers Association report www.gsacom.com
301operators in 95
countries investing in
deployment / trials
242 Network planned
in 81countries
57commercial FDD
networks already
launched
59 pre-commercial
trials
9
LTE1800 Initiative: Refarming Under-Used

GSM Spectrum

14 Networks Launched and 36 in Deployment/Trials
Source: Global Suppliers Association

10
TD-LTE status
5 network launches 20 other major plans
Source: Global Suppliers Association

11
Frequency Bands
An important aspect of frequency bands when it comes to the 3GPP

releases is that they are release independent
This means that a band defined in a later release can be applied to
an earlier release.
This significantly simplifies the specifications
12
Duplex spacing
LTE FDD Frequency Bands
Width
Based on 36.101 Table 5.5-1 (March 2012)

Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15*
16*
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Uplink MHz
1920
1850
1710
1710
824
830
2500
880
1749.9
1710
1427.9
698
777
788
1900
2010
704
815
830
832
1447.9
3410
2000
1626.5
1850
814
1980
1910
1785
1755
849
840
2570
915
1784.9
1770
1447.9
716
787
798
1920
2025
716
830
845
862
1462.9
3490
2020
1660.5
1915
849
Downlink MHz
2110
1930
1805
2110
869
865
2620
925
1844.9
2110
1475.9
728
746
758
2600
2585
734
860
875
791
1495.9
3510
2180
1525
1930
859
2170
1990
1880
2155
894
8752690
960
1879.9
2170
1495.9
746
756
768
2620
2600
746
875
890
821
1510.9
3590
2200
1559
1995
894
Width
Duplex
Gap
60
60
75
45
25
10
70
35
35
60
20
18
10
10
20
15
12
15
15
30
15
80
20
34
65
35
190
80
95
400
45
35
120
45
95
400
48
30
-31
-30
700
575
30
45
45
-41
48
100
180
-101.5
80
45
130
20
20
355
20
25
50
10
60
340
28
12
41
40
680
560
18
30
30
71
33
20
160
135.5
15
10
Uplink
Width
Gap
Downlink
Greater
insight. Greater confidence.
Band
Band
Frequency
Points of note
There is a lot of overlap between
band definitions for regional reasons
The Duplex spacing varies from 30
MHz to 799 MHz
The gap between downlink and uplink
varies from 10 MHz to 680 MHz
Narrow duplex spacing and gaps
make it hard to design filters to
prevent the transmitter spectral
regrowth leaking into the receiver
(self-blocking)
Bands 13, 14, 20 and 24 are reversed
from normal by having the uplink
higher in frequency than the downlink
Bands 15 and 16 are defined by ETSI
(not 3GPP) for Europe only these
bands combine two nominally TDD
bands to create one FDD band
13
LTE TDD Frequency Bands

Based on 36.101 Table 5.5-1 (March 2012)

Width
Transceive
Band
Band
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Uplink MHz
1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300
2496
3400
3600
1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400
2690
3600
3800
Downlink MHz
1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300
2496
3400
3600
1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400
2690
3600
3800
Width
20
15
60
60
20
50
40
100
194
200
200
Frequency
Points of note
For TDD there is no concept of duplex
spacing or gap since the downlink and uplink
frequencies are the same
As such, the challenge of separating transmit
from receive does not require a duplex filter
for the frequency domain but a switch for the
time domain
14
Future LTE/UTRA Frequency Bands

The work on defining new frequency bands continues. Currently being

considered by 3GPP:
Band 27
806/824 + 851/869 Extended 850 lower band
Other possibilities identified by the ITU:

3.6-4.2 GHz
450470 MHz
698862 MHz
790862 MHz band (European digital dividend)

4.4-4.99 GHz band
15
Release 9 Summary
Release 9 adds many small features to UMTS and LTE e.g.:

Completion of MBSFN
New frequency bands
Transmission mode 8 (dual stream beamforming)
Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for Observed Time Difference Of Arrival
(OTDOA) positioning
The most significant radio feature is Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) for BS that
support more than one radio format
MSR is a dont care for the UE but is a big deal for the BS
The work involved harmonizing the GERAN and 3GPP specifications then
specifying common requirements and conformance tests
Multi-band MSR is being added in Release 11
16
Update on LTE-Advanced
Overall Aspects

LTE-Advanced is a subset of Release 10

A comprehensive summary of the entire LTE-Advanced proposals
including radio, network and system can be found in the 3GPP
submissions to the first IMT-Advanced evaluation workshop.
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/workshop/2009-12-17_ITU-R_IMT-Adv_eval/docs/
The remainder of this presentation will focus on the key radio aspects
17
LTE-Advanced Timeline
ITU-R Submission Sept 2009
TR36.912 v 2.2.0
R1-093731, Characteristic template
R1-093682, Compliance template
R1-093741, Link Budget template
ITU-R Approval Jan 2012
18
Release 10 LTE-Advanced Documents

- And Where to Find Them

Historical documents:
Study Item RP-080599

ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/TSG_RAN/TSGR_41/Docs/RP-080599.zip
Requirements TR 36.913 v9.0.0 (2009-12)
ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/html-info/36913.htm
Study Phase Technical Report TR 36.912 v9.3.0 (2010-06)
ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/html-info/36912.htm
The LTE-A specifications are now drafted in the

Release 10 specifications
ftp.3gpp.org/specs/latest/Rel-10/
19
LTE-Advanced Requirements & Proposals

LTE-A requirements are documented in TR 36.913, V9.0.0 (2009-03)

(Requirements for Further Advancements of E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced)
3GPP stated intention is to meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements

LTE-A must support IMT-A requirements with same or better performance
than LTE
LTE-A solution proposals can be found in TR 36.814 Further

Advancements for E-UTRA Physical Layer Aspects
Specific targets exist for average and cell-edge spectral efficiency (see next
slide)
Similar requirements as LTE for synchronization, latency, coverage,
mobility
LTE-A candidate was submitted to ITU September 2009 and formally

approved in Jan 2012
20
LTE-Advanced Spectral Efficiency Requirements

Item
Subcategory
LTE (3.9G)
target
LTE-Advanced
(4G) target
IMT-Advanced
(4G) target
Peak Spectral
Efficiency
(b/s/Hz)
Downlink
16.3 (4x4 MIMO)
30
(up to 8x8 MIMO)
15 (4x4 MIMO)
Uplink
4.32
(64QAM SISO)
15
(up to 4x4 MIMO)
6.75
(2x4 MIMO)
Downlink cell
spectral efficiency
b/s/Hz 3km/h
500m ISD
2x2 MIMO
1.69
2.4
4x2 MIMO
1.87
2.6
4x4 MIMO
2.67
3.7
Downlink cell-edge
user spectral
efficiency b/s/Hz 5
percentile 10 users
500M ISD
2x2 MIMO
0.05
0.07
4x2 MIMO
0.06
0.09
4x4 MIMO
0.08
0.12
ISD is Inter Site Distance
2.6
0.075
2x to 4x efficiency of Rel-6 HSPA

21
New LTE-A UE Categories

To accommodate the higher data rates of LTE-A, three new UE

categories have been defined
Downlink
Uplink
UE category
Max. Data
rate
(DL / UL)
(Mbps)
Max. # DLSCH TB bits /

TTI
Max. # DLSCH bits

/ TB / TTI
Total. soft
channel
bits
Max. #.
spatial
layers
Max.# ULSCH TB bits /

TTI
Max. # ULSCH bits

/ TB / TTI
Support
for
64QAM
Category 1
10 / 5
10296
10296
250368
5160
5160
No
Category 2
50 / 25
51024
51024
1237248
25456
25456
No
Category 3
100 / 50
102048
75376
1237248
51024
51024
No
Category 4
150 / 50
150752
75376
1827072
51024
51024
No
Category 5
300 / 75
299552
149776
3667200
75376
75376
Yes
Category 6
300 / 50
[299552]
[TBD]
[3667200]
[51024 ]
[TBD]
No
[TBD]
Yes/No
(Up-to
RAN4)
[TBD]
Yes
Category 7
300 / 150
[299552]
[TBD]
[TBD]
[150752/
102048 (Upto RAN4)]
Category 8
1200 / 600
[1200000]
[TBD]
[TBD]
[600000]
22
Release 10 and Beyond Proposals

Radio Aspects

1. Carrier aggregation
2. Enhanced uplink multiple access
a) Clustered SC-FDMA
b) Simultaneous Control and Data
Rel-10 LTE-A
proposed to ITU
3. Enhanced multiple antenna transmission

a) Downlink 8 antennas, 8 streams
b) Uplink 4 antennas, 4 streams
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP)

Relaying
Home eNB mobility enhancements
Customer Premises Equipment
Heterogeneous network support
Self Optimizing networks (SON)
Other Rel-10
and beyond
23
Release 10 LTE-Advanced Radio Features

2
1
Enhanced uplink
Carrier Aggregation
Enhanced multiple
antenna transmission
New for LTE-A
SC-FDMA with
clustering!
MHz
1.4MHz
3 1.4
MHz
5 3
1.4MHz
10 5
3 1.4
MHz
15 10
5 3
1.4
20 15
10 5
3
20 15
10 5
20 15
10
20 15
1, 2 or 4
transmitters
and 2, 4 or 8
receivers
UE
2, 4 or 8
transmitters
and 2, 4 or 8
receivers
Simultaneous
PUCCH/PUSCH
20
eNodeB
Support for up to 5 Aggregated Carriers
24
Other Radio Features Being Specified for

Release 10 and Beyond
5
4
Relaying
Coordinated
Multipoint
HeNB mobility
enhancements
7
Customer Premises
Equipment (CPE)
CPE
LTE
LTE
CPE
Outdoor CPE scenario
Indoor CPE scenario
Heterogeneous Networks
Self Optimizing Networks (SON)

25
1. Carrier Aggregation
Lack of sufficient contiguous spectrum up to 100 MHz forces use of

carrier aggregation to meet peak data rate targets
Able to be implemented with a mix of terminals
Backward compatibility with legacy system (LTE)
System scheduler operating across multiple bands
Component carriers (CC) - Max 110 RB (TBD)
May be able to mix different CC types
Contiguous and non-contiguous CC is allowed
PUCCH
PUSCH
PUSCH
Contiguous aggregation of
two uplink component
carriers
Frequency
26
1. Carrier Aggregation
One of RAN WG4s most intense activities is in the area of creating RF

requirements for specific band combinations.
In theory there could be as many as 5 carriers but so far all the activity is
around dual carrier combinations
The original CA work in Rel-10 was limited to three combinations
Uplink (UL) band
Band
CA_40
CA_1-5
CA_3-7
E-UTRA
operatin
g Band
40
1
5
3
7
UE transmit / BS receive
FUL_low (MHz) FUL_high
(MHz)
2300 2400
Downlink (DL) band

Duple
UE receive / BS
Channel
Channel
x
transmit
BW
BW
mode
FDL_low (MHz) FDL_high
MHz
MHz
(MHz)
[TBD]
2300 2400
[TBD]
TDD
1920 1980
824 849
[TBD]
[TBD]
2110
869
2170
894
[TBD]
[TBD]
FDD
1710 1788
2500 2570
20
20
1805
2620
1880
2690
20
20
FDD
In Rel-11 there are now up to 18 CA combinations being specified

27
1. Rel-11 Carrier Aggregation Combinations

Band
Lead company
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Mode
CA-B3_B7*
TeliaSonera
1710 - 1785
1805 - 1880
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
FDD
CA-B4_B17
AT&T
1710 1755
2110 - 2155
704 716
734 - 746
FDD
CA-B4_B13
Ericsson (Verizon)
1710 1755
2110 - 2155
777 - 787
746 - 756
FDD
CA-B4_B12
Cox Communications
1710 1755
2110 - 2155
698 716
728 - 746
FDD
CA-B20_B7
Huawei (Orange)
832 862
791 - 821
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
FDD
CA-B2_B17
AT&T
1850 1910
1930 - 1990
704 716
734 - 746
FDD
CA-B4_B5
AT&T
1710 1755
2110 - 2155
824 849
869 - 894
FDD
CA-B5_B12
US Cellular
824 849
869 - 894
698 716
728 - 746
FDD
CA-B5_B17
AT&T
824 849
869 - 894
704 716
734 - 746
FDD
CA-B20_B3
Vodafone
832 862
791 - 821
1710 - 1785
1805 - 1880
FDD
CA-B20_B8
Vodafone
832 862
791 - 821
880 915
925 - 960
FDD
CA-B3_B5
SK Telecom
1710 - 1785
1805 - 1880
824 849
869 - 894
FDD
CA-B7
China Unicom
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
FDD
CA-B1_B7
China Telecomm
1920 - 1980
2110 - 2170
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
FDD
CA-B4_B7
Rogers Wireless
1710 1755
2110 - 2155
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
FDD
CA-B25_25
Sprint
1850 - 1915
1930 - 1995
1850 - 1915
1930 - 1995
FDD
CA-B38
Huawei (CMCC)
2570 - 2620
2570 - 2620
2570 - 2620
2570 - 2620
TDD
CA-B41
Clearwire
3600 - 3800
3600 - 3800
3600 - 3800
3600 - 3800
TDD
* Carried forwards from Rel-10

28
1. Combinations of Carrier Aggregation

and Layers

There are multiple combinations of CA and layers that can meet the
data rates for the new and existing UE categories
The following tables define the most probable cases for which
performance requirements will be developed
Downlink
UE category
Category 6
capability
[#CCs/BW(MHz)]
1 / 20MHz
2 / 10+10MHz
2 / 20+20MHz
2 / 10+20MHz
Category 7
1 / 20MHz
2 / 10+10MHz
2 / 20+20MHz
2 / 10+20MHz
Category 8
[2 / 20+20MHz]
Uplink
DL layers
[max #layers]
4
4
2
4 (10MHz)
2(20MHz)
4
4
2
4 (10MHz)
2(20MHz)
[8]
UE category
Category 6
Category 7
Category 8
capability
[#CCs/BW(MHz)]
UL layers
[max #layers]
1 / 20MHz
2 / 10+10MHz
1 / 10MHz
2 / 20+20MHz
1 / 20MHz
2 / 10+20MHz
2 (10MHz)
1 ( 20MHz)
[2 / 20+20MHz]
[4]
29
1. Carrier Aggregation Design and Test

Challenges

Not such an issue for the eNB

Major challenge for the UE
Multiple simultaneous receive chains
Multiple simultaneous transmit chains
Simultaneous non-contiguous transmitters creates a very challenging

radio environment in terms of spur management and self-blocking
Simultaneous transmit or receive with mandatory MIMO support add
significantly to the challenge of antenna design
30
2. Enhanced Uplink Multiple Access

Clustered SC-FDMA and PUCCH with PUSCH
Release 8: SC-FDMA with
alternating PUSCH/PUCCH
(Inherently single carrier)
Frequency
Release 10: Clustered SC-FDMA with

simultaneous PUSCH/PUCCH
(Potentially in-channel multi-carrier)
Partially allocated
PUSCH
Partially allocated
PUSCH + PUCCH
Partially allocated
PUSCH
Partially allocated
PUSCH + PUCCH
Lower PUCCH
Partially allocated
PUSCH + 2 PUCCH
Upper PUCCH
Partially allocated
PUSCH only
Fully allocated
PUSCH
Fully allocated
PUSCH + PUCCH
Frequency
31
Agilent SystemVue LTE-Advanced Uplink TX
Cluster 1
PUSCH
PUCCH
Cluster 2
PUSCH
CCDF ~ 8dB
At 0.001%
The use of clustered SC-FDMA increases the PAPR above

non-clustered SC-FDMA, but not as much as full OFDM
which can exceed the PAPR of Gaussian noise
32

Design and Test Challenges

Clustered SC-FDMA increases PAR by a few dB adding to

transmitter linearity challenges
Simultaneous PUCCH and PUSCH also increases PAR
Both feature create multi-carrier signals within the channel bandwidth
High power narrow PUCCH plus single or clustered SC-FDMA
creates large opportunity for in-channel and adjacent channel spur
generation
May require 3 to 4 dB power amp backoff for Rel-8 PA
Some scenarios may require 10 dB backoff
Due to the spur issues the status of the enhanced uplink is still to be
decided for Release 10
33

Wanted signal:
Two RB at
channel edge
+30
+20
Spectrum RBW = 100 kHz
+10
LO Feedthrough
Image
Mag (dBm)
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-3
Spurs
-2
Spurs
-1
This is a typical spectrum of a single carrier signal

Derived from R4-100427 ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/WG4_Radio/TSGR4_54/Documents/R4-100427.zip
34

Wanted
signal: One
RB at each
channel edge
+30
+20
Spectrum RBW = 100 kHz
+10
Mag (dBm)
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-3
Spurs
-2
Spurs
-1
The presence of two in-channel carriers creates 25 to 50 dB worse spurs

Derived from R4-100427 ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/WG4_Radio/TSGR4_54/Documents/R4-100427.zip
35
3. Enhanced Multiple Antenna Transmission

From 4 antennas/streams to 8 antennas/streams
Baseline being 4x4 with 4 UE Receive Antennas
Peak data rate reached with 8x8 SU-MIMO

New for LTE-A
From 1 antenna/stream to 4 antennas/streams
1, 2 or 4
transmitters
and 2, 4 or 8
receivers
Baseline being 2x2 with 2 UE Transmit Antennae

Peak data rate reached with 4x4 SU-MIMO
Focus is initially on downlink beamforming

up to 4x2 antennas SM is less attractive
UE
Challenges of higher order antenna transmission

Creates need for tower-mounted remote radio
heads
Increased power consumption
Increased product costs
Physical space for the antennae at both eNB and UE
2, 4 or 8
transmitters
and 2, 4 or 8
receivers
eNodeB
36

New CSI Reference Symbols (CSI-RS)

Rel-8/9 cell-specific RS (CRS) exist in every subframe and are used by the
UE for CSI feedback (CQI/PMI/RI) and demod for up to 4 layers
CSI-RS (ports 15 to 22) support CSI feedback for up to 8 layers but not
used for demod. They are scheduled as required (less often than CRS)
The mapping and RE per port depend on the number of ports
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
19 20
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
19 20
19 20
19 20
15 16
15 16
15 16
15 16
19 20
15 16
17 18
17 18
15 16
15 16
15 16
17 18
15 16
15 16
17 18
15 16
15 16
17 18
21 22
17 18
17 18
17 18
17 18
17 18
21 22
17 18
17 18
21 22
21 22
15 16
17 18
17 18
15 16
17 18
21 22
CSI-RS (Rel-10)
37


Higher order MIMO has a similar impact on the need for

simultaneous transceivers as does carrier aggregation
However, there is an additional challenge in that the antennas also
have to multiply in number
MIMO antennas also require to be de-correlated

It is very hard to design a multi-band, MIMO antenna in a small
space with good de-correlation
This makes conducted testing of higher order MIMO terminals largely

irrelevant in predicting the actual radiated performance in an
operational network
There is a work item in Rel-11 looking at MIMO Over the Air (OTA)
testing which will address antenna performance
38
4. Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP)

Traditional MIMO co-located transmission
Coordinated Multipoint
eNB 1
eNB
UE
eNB 2
UE
Downlink
Coordinated scheduling / beamforming
Payload Data is required only at the serving cell
Coherent combining (also known as cooperative MIMO) / fast switching
Payload data is required at all transmitting eNB
Requires high speed symbol-level backhaul between eNB
Uplink
Simultaneous reception requires coordinated scheduling
39
4. CoMP Status
Recent simulation by RAN WG1 has shown initial CoMP performance

improvement to be in the 5% to 15% range
This is not considered sufficient to progress this aspect of the proposals
within the Rel-10 timeframe
Recent results from the EASY-C testbed also show limited performance
gains in lightly loaded networks with minimal or no interference
CoMP is now being studied further for Release 11
It remains unclear what eNB testing of CoMP might entail since it is very
much a system level performance gain and very difficult to emulate
40
5. In-Channel Relay and Backhaul

Basic in-channel relaying uses a relay node (RN) that receives, amplifies
and then retransmits DL and UL signals to improve coverage
Advanced relaying performs L2 or L3 decoding of transmissions before
transmitting only what is required for the local UE
eNB
Over The Air

backhaul
eNB
RN
Cell Edge
RN
OFDMA makes it possible to

split a channel into UE and
backhaul traffic
The link budget between the
eNB and relay station can
be engineered to be good
enough to allow MBSFN
subframes to be used for
backhaul of the relay traffic
Main use cases:
Urban/indoor for throughput
or dead zone
Rural for coverage
RN
Multi-hop relaying
Area of poor coverage with
no cabled backhaul
41
5. In-Channel Relay and Backhaul


From the UE perspective, Relaying is completely transparent

The challenge is all on the network side
For the system to work, the link budget from the relay node to the macro
eNB must be good
This implies line of sight positioning
The main operational challenge with getting relaying to work will be in the
management of the UE
The UE has to hand over to the relay node when in range
It must release the relay node when out of range
If this process is not well-managed, the performance of the cell could go

down not up
Multi-hop relaying for coverage should be easier
e.g. a valley with no cabled backhaul
42
6. Home eNB Mobility Enhancements

The concept of Home eNB (femtocells) is not new to LTE-A

In Release 8 femtocells were
introduced for UMTS
In Release 9 they were
introduced for LTE (HeNB)
In Release 9 only inbound mobility
(macro to HeNB) was fully specified
In Release 10 there will be further

enhancements to enable
HeNB to HeNB mobility
This is very important for
enterprise deployments
43
7. Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

The CPE is a mobile intended for fixed (indoor) operation

The antenna may be internal (omni) or external (directional)
The max output power is increased to 27 dBm
Lack of concern for power consumption and a better radio link

budget mean the CPE can deliver much higher performance e.g. For
rural broadband applications
LTE
CPE
Indoor CPE scenario
LTE
CPE
Outdoor CPE scenario

44
8. Heterogeneous Network Support

LTE-Advanced intends to address the support needs of

heterogeneous networks that combine low power nodes (such as
picocells, femtocells, repeaters, and relay nodes) within a macrocell.
Deployment scenarios under evaluation are detailed in TR 36.814
Annex A.
45
9. Self Optimizing Networks (SON)

Todays cellular systems are very much centrally planned, and the
addition of new nodes to the network involves expensive and timeconsuming work, site visits for optimization, and other deployment
challenges.
One of the enhancements being considered for LTE-Advanced is the

self-optimizing network (SON).
The intent is to substantially reduce the effort required to introduce
new nodes to the network. There are implications for radio planning
as well as for the operations and maintenance (O&M) interface to the
base station.
Some limited SON capability was introduced in Release 8 and is

being further elaborated in Release 9 and Release 10.
46
Looking at the Cost/Benefits of LTE-Advanced

Radio Aspects
Carrier
Aggregation
Enhanced Uplink
Higher order MIMO
CoMP
(Rel-11)
Relaying
Peak data
rates
Cell spectral
efficiency
(Downlink)
(Uplink)
Cell edge
performance
Coverage
UE cost
Network cost
UE Complexity
Network
Complexity
47
LTE-A Deployment
The first question to ask when people are looking form information on
LTE-A timing is which feature
LTE-A, Release 10 etc. Is a large grouping of backwards-compatible
features, none of which are mandatory
The most likely contenders for early LTE-A deployment are:
Some limited form of carrier aggregation to increase instantaneous
bandwidth is particular local operator areas
E.g. US operator combining 10 MHz at 700 with 10 MHz at 1700
Expensive requires two transceivers unless adjacent
Uplink MIMO
Requires two UE transmitters expensive, battery issues
Enhanced downlink e.g. 8x2

48
LTE-Advanced Summary
LTE-A is 3GPPs submission to ITU-R IMT-Advanced 4G program

LTE-A is an evolution of LTE and is about two years behind LTE in
standards
Rel-8 LTE almost meets the IMT-Advanced requirements except for UL
spectral efficiency and peak rates requiring wider bandwidths.
Bandwidth up to 100MHz through aggregation of 20 MHz carriers
Up to 1 Gbps (low mobility) with 8x8 MIMO
Key new technologies include : carrier aggregation, enhanced uplink and

advanced MIMO
Spectral efficiency performance targets are a step up from the already very
challenging Rel-8 LTE targets
LTE-A Deployment timing is hard to predict and will depend heavily on the
rollout of LTE
49
Release 11 Radio Summary

Work Items (Excluding Carrier Aggregation)
50
Extending 850 MHz Upper Band (814 849 MHz)

E-UTRA medium range and MSR medium range/local area BS class requirements
New Band LTE Downlink FDD 716-728 MHz
LTE for 700 MHz Digital Dividend
Relays for LTE (part 2)
UE Over The Air (Antenna) conformance testing methodology - Laptop mounted equipment
Free Space test
UE demodulation performance requirements under multiple-cell scenario for 1.28Mcps TDD
Introduction of New Configuration for 4C-HSDPA
Non-contiguous 4C-HSDPA operation
HSDPA Dual-Band Multi-Carrier combinations
Public Safety Broadband High Power UE for Band 14 for Region 2
Improved Minimum Performance Requirements for E-UTRA: Interference Rejection
Additional special subframe configuration for LTE TDD
RF Requirements for Multi-Band and Multi-Standard Radio (MB-MSR) Base Station
Verification of radiated multi-antenna reception performance of UEs in LTE/UMTS
LTE in the 1670-1675 MHz Band for US
Release 11 Radio Summary

Study Items

Study on Inclusion of RF Pattern Matching Technologies as a positioning method in the EUTRAN

Study on Interference analysis between 800~900 MHz bands
Study on Enhanced performance requirement for LTE UE
Study on Measurement of Radiated Performance for MIMO and multi-antenna reception
for HSPA and LTE terminals
Study on Extending 850 MHz
Study on UMTS/LTE in 900 MHz band (Japan, Korea)
Study on RF and EMC requirements for active Antenna Array System (AAS) Base Station
Study on UE Over The Air (OTA) test method with Head and Hand Phantoms
Study on Passive InterModulation (PIM) handling for UTRA and LTE Base Stations
Study on Measurements of radio performances for LTE terminals - Total Radiated Power
(TRP) and Total Radiated Sensitivity (TRS) test methodology
51
Release 12 Summary System Level Features

Radio Features Not Yet Identified Workshop in June
2012
Interworking between Mobile Operators using the Evolved Packet System and
Data Application Providers (MOSAP) UID_500031 (Was Rel-11)
IMS-based Telepresence (IMS_TELEP)
Service and Media Reachability for Users over Restrictive Firewalls (SMURFs)
Advanced IP Interconnection of Services (IPXS) for national interconnect
(IPXSNAT)
Integration of Single Sign-On (SSO) frameworks with 3GPP networks (SSO_Int)
LIPA Mobility and SIPTO at the Local Network (LIMONET)
Operator Policies for IP Interface Selection (OPIIS) (Was Rel-11)
SMS submit and delivery without MSISDN in IMS (SMSMI) (Was Rel-11)
Security aspects of Public Warning System (PWS_Sec) (Was Rel-11)
Codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS_codec)
52

Questions?
53

Further Along The Road To 4G An Update Ond LTE-Advanced V2-Moray Rumney

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Further Along The Road To 4G An Update Ond LTE-Advanced V2-Moray Rumney

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Greater insight. Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless.

Further Along the Road to 4G:

Wireless evolution 1990 2012

Confused by the term 4G?

Rel-10 LTE-Advanced radio features

Wireless Evolution 1990 - 2012

Increasing efficiency, bandwidth and data rates

(FDD & TDD)

(R8/9 FDD & TDD)

(R10 & beyond)

ITU The Source of the G in Wireless?

All IMT technologies have access to designated IMT spectrum

Confused by the Term 4G?

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

The ITUs 3G program was officially called IMT-2000

Understanding 3GPP Release Structure

The official scope of each 3GPP release is documented at:

And some less formal stages

UMTS Long-Term Evolution

Main feature of Release

UMTS 3.84 Mcps (W-CDMA FDD & TDD)

1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO, 16QAM UL). LTE & SAE

LTE Work item OFDMA air interface

Multi-standard Radio (MSR), Dual Carrier HSUPA,

LTE-Advanced (4G) work item, CoMP Study

CoMP, eDL MIMO, eCA, MIMO OTA, HSUPA TxD &

March 2013 stage 1

RAN features being decided Jun 2012

Rel-7 Feasibility study

LSTI = LTE/SAE Trial Initiative GCF = Global Certification Forum

Status of LTE network launches March 2012

Accelerate next-generation wireless.

LTE1800 Initiative: Refarming Under-Used

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

14 Networks Launched and 36 in Deployment/Trials

Source: Global Suppliers Association

5 network launches 20 other major plans

Source: Global Suppliers Association

An important aspect of frequency bands when it comes to the 3GPP

LTE FDD Frequency Bands

Based on 36.101 Table 5.5-1 (March 2012)

LTE TDD Frequency Bands

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Future LTE/UTRA Frequency Bands

The work on defining new frequency bands continues. Currently being

806/824 + 851/869 Extended 850 lower band

Other possibilities identified by the ITU:

790862 MHz band (European digital dividend)

Release 9 adds many small features to UMTS and LTE e.g.:

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

LTE-Advanced is a subset of Release 10

ITU-R Submission Sept 2009

ITU-R Approval Jan 2012

Release 10 LTE-Advanced Documents

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Study Item RP-080599

The LTE-A specifications are now drafted in the

LTE-Advanced Requirements & Proposals

LTE-A requirements are documented in TR 36.913, V9.0.0 (2009-03)

3GPP stated intention is to meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements

LTE-A solution proposals can be found in TR 36.814 Further

LTE-A candidate was submitted to ITU September 2009 and formally