Canadian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

PEARL publication, 2015

ISSN 2292-3381
CJBAS Vol. 03(04), 118-125, April 2015

Survey on the impact of botanical insecticides Sirinol and Palizin on

(Eotetranychus Hirsti) population control of the Fig spider Mite in the township
of Poledochtar (Lorestan province)
M. Soleimani a, Z. Rafei a, E. Sedaghatfar b
a
b

Department of Entomology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak,Iran.

Department of Plant Pathology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak,Iran.

Keywords:

Abstract

Fig spider mite,

Eotetranychus Hirsti,
Sirinol, Palizin

Fig spider mite (Eotetranychus Hirsti) is the most important blight of fig in the
township Poledochtar in Lorestan province that is causing annually irreparable
damages to orchards in this township. The survey studied the controlled impact of
treatments Sirinol and Palizin in a randomized complete blok. The population density
was estimated a day before the poison spraying. The Experiment was accomplished
with four repetitions and in line with an example experiment (control experiment). 3, 7
and 14 days after the use of the treatments the number of the ticks in every 4 square
centimeters leaf (left and right side) was counted and the percentage of the amended
mortality on the basic of the Henderson Tilton formula calculated. The results of the
comparison of the mean values of achieved data have proved that the Sirinol 4 and
treatments 5 per mille was causing in 3 day 96.18,99.37, 7 day 94.59,98.98 and 14 day
90.77,95.13 the highest casualties in the tick population and showed significant
differences with other . The Palizin treatments 2 and 3 per mille was causing in 3 day
40.92, 51.26,7 day 45.04,54.27 and 14 day 32.70,43.15 the lowest casualties. The
results of the survey highlighted that the botanical extract Sirinol had the highest
impact on control of Fig spider mite and could be a suitable candidate and alternative
for chemical toxins.

1. Introduction
Iran holds the second place in fig production ranking in the world. The township Poledochtar
located in Lorestan province has 910 fig orchards acres, which produce annually 143000 tons fig
that are usually exported to other provinces and also in a small scale also to overseas. All the fig
orchard areas in this township are producing the type black fig. Fig spider mite is one of the serious
fig diseases in this township and other fig planting regions in the country and also other regions in
the world. The population of Fig spider mite increases with the raising temperatures and causes
irreparable damages to the orchards in this township [1].

Corresponding Author :
E-mail, z-rafiee@iau-arak.ac.ir - Tel, (+98) 3412360

M. Soleimani et al. - Can. J. Basic Appl. Sci. Vol. 03(04), 118-125, April 2015

In addition to Iran the disease is causing damages to the fig trees in other countries [2]. On the
one hand the general concern according to the long-term negative impacts on environment and
health of the chemical pesticides was especially in Europe and North America resulted in favoring
the natural pesticides from microbial and botanical sources. The first botanical insecticides were
supplied through products based on Pyrethrum and the demand for them is earmarking almost more
than one percent of the international market for insecticides [3]. The botanical extracts and their
compositions show a wide specter of activities against insects, ticks, funguses and nematodes.
These substances and products have also a considerable potential on protection of products and
control of the diseases in other situations. The available information indicates that the products are
causing no harm to environment and consumers [4]. There are no reports on the sensitivity of
natural enemies of the blights in this respect [5]. The comparative research on the toxicity of few
botanical insecticides Sirinol and Palizin on Pistachio Psylla was conducted in laboratory and field
environment [6]. In another survey the impact of botanical insecticides Sirinol and Palizin on the
Citrus mealybug was examined [7]. In a further survey the abducting effect of garlic extract on Red
flour beetle was studied [8]. Also the toxicity of Sirinol and Palizin with and without mineral oils
on the Citrus leaf-miner was considered [9]. In a research the control effect on Red flour beetle was
with help of three laboratory experiments examined [10]. In this comparative research is the
efficacy of botanical insecticides Sirinol and Palizin -with affordable prices and without dangerous
residua in product and also without negative impact on environment - to synthetic toxins
considered.
2. Material and methods
The survey took place in an orchard with 5 acres ground and in 5 km distance to the township
Poledochtar. The geographic features of the fig orchard are: N33-13-135, E47-141-82. The fig trees
in the orchard are 4 years old and the production is the black fig, the distance between the rows is
5.5 meters and between the trees 4.5 meters. The average height of the trees is 190 cm. The
watering method is deep ground watering, which takes every second day place. The research took
place in Tir (Month) 1392 (Solar Calendar).
The examination of land slope, geographic position, lack of homogeneity and sole fertility was
carried out in the appropriate framework thoroughly randomized complete block. The survey
consists of 4 samples. In every sample 9 solutions are used. Every test row consists of five trees so
that for sampling the 3 trees in the middle are selected. From every test row a tree was not poison
sprayed. The collected data from every row are used in the research analysis.

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The exerted treatments in the research are following:

1. The example treatment spraying with water,2. treatment Palizin 2 liters in 1000 liters water ,
3. treatment Palizin 3 liters in 1000 liters water, 4. treatment Palizin 4 liters in 1000 liters water, 5.
treatment Palizin 5 liters in 1000 liters water, 6. treatment Sirinol 2 liters in 1000 liters water,7.
treatment Sirinol 3 liters in 1000 liters water,8. treatment Sirinol 4 liters in 1000 liters water,9.
treatment Sirinol 5 liters in 1000 liters water
After the use of the at 26.04. treatments 1392/04/26 (Solar calendar) and after 3, 7 and 14 days
the sampling of toxic treatment Palizin and Sirinol in different doses was carried out on different
days. From every examined tree in the research some leafs were manual collected and separately
placed in freezer bags, which were labeled with etiquettes and sent to the laboratory in Poledochtar.
The ticks were counted with help of stereo microscope. With respect of the high number of the ticks
counting the ticks on every leaf was difficult. Thus according to the method (Arbabi et al, 1381) a 3
cm frame was used. At the outset every leaf was divided to three parts also a frame of 2 cm was
placed in the third part on the back side of the leaf, once on the right and once on the left hand
beside the main nervure. Later the number of the moving ticks in that 4 cm were counted and noted
down. On the basis of the number of remaining ticks in the with solution sprayed trees and also in
the control (example) trees the number of amended mortality were according to the Henderson
Tilton-Formula
Among five trees three consecutive trees were selected for sampling. On the basis of the
collected Data the percentage of the control effect of the solutions on ticks was calculated with the
HendersonTilton-Formula. All the data was analyzed with the use of SAS 6.2 Software and the
approach ANOVA in the frame work of a random sample design. The mean values are compared
with use of TUKEY Test on the 1% level.
3. Results
3.1. The percentage of Fig spider mite casualties three days after spraying
According to the variance table of the collected data about the use of different solutions on Fig
spider mite the difference between them on the 1% level three days after the exertion in respect of
the percentage of caused casualties was significant Table 1. On the basis of the analysis of corrected
data - with control experiment - the toxin Sirinol 5 and 4 per mille had the highest casualty effect on
ticks after three days exertion so that in order of 99.375 and 96.186 percent casualties were caused.
According to the comparison of the mean values between these two toxins in respect of the
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achieved casualties no significant differences were observed Table 2. In this period the lowest
casualties were related to solution Palizin 2 per mille with 40.924 percent, which was showing
significant differences with other on the 1% treatments level Table 2. The solution Sirinol 2 per
mille was causing 82.217 percent casualty of Fig spider mite that didnt show significant
differences on the 1% level with other treatments Table 2. The treatments Sirinol 3 per mille was
causing 87.568 percent casualty of Fig spider mite that didnt show significant differences on the
1% level with other treatments Table 2. The solution Palizin 3 per mille was causing 51.266
percent casualty of Fig spider mite that was showing significant differences on the 1% level with
other treatments Table 2. The treatment Palizin 4 per mille was causing 63.557 percent casualty of
Fig spider mite that was showing significant differences on the 1% level with other treatments
Table 2. The treatment Palizin 5 per mille was causing 72.573 percent casualty of Fig spider mite
that was showing significant differences on the 1% level with other treatments Table 2.
On the foundation of the data the control (example) trees were showing the highest number of
living ticks (13.20 moving ticks) in every sample unit (4 square centimeters), which had significant
differences with other treatments . In the research based on variance analysis table no significant
difference between different samples was observed.
Table 1. variance analysis of the normalized data 3, 7 and 14 days after the use of Sirinol and Palizin treatments in
different doses on Fig spider mite.
Source
DF
Mean squar(3 day)
Mean squar(7 day)
Mean squar(14 day)
treat
block

7
3

1776.76524**
38.68115ns

1464.54576**
25.07370ns

19.6621989**
41.79773ns

Errror

21

19.52817

22.19406

13.10631

**

Significant Difference on 1% Level

ns

No Significant Difference on 1% Level

Table 2. the mean value of the caused casualties after the use of Sirinol and Palizin treatments in different doses 3, 7
and 14 days after counting according to the control effect on Fig spider mite.
treat
Casualties in percent(3 day)
Casualties in percent(7 day)
Casualties in percent(14 day)
Sirinol 5 per mille
99.375a
Sirinol 4 per mille
96.186a
Sirinol 3 per mille
87.568b
Sirinol 2 per mille
82.217b
Palizin 5 per mille
72.575c
Palizin 4 per mille
63.557d
Palizin 3 per mille
51.266e
Palizin 2 per mille
40.924f
Similar letters on the 1% level have no significant difference

98.984a
94.595a
86.533b
80.353b
70.625c
64.346c
54.274d
45.041e

121

95.137a
90.772b
82.174b
74.219c
65.222d
59.296e
43.15f
32.705g

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3.2. The percentage of Fig spider mite casualties 7 days after poison spraying
On the basis of the data variance analysis table on the impact of different treatments on the Fig
spider mite seven days after the use of the treatments a significant difference according to the
caused casualties on the 1% level was given Table 1.
On the basis of the corrected data analysis in line with example experiment the highest caused
casualties among the ticks seven days after the use of treatment related to the toxin Sirinol 4 and 5
per mille was causing in order 94.595 and 98.994 percent of the casualties of the blight. Based on
the comparison of the mean values between these two toxins in respect of caused casualties no
significant difference was observed Table 2. In the time of research the lowest casualties were in
concern to Palizin treatment 2 per mille with 45.041 percent, which had significant differences with
other treatments on the 1% level Table 2. Sirinol treatment 2 per mille caused 80.353 casualties of
Fig spider mite, which had no significant differences with other treatments on the 1% level Table 2.
Sirinol solution 3 per mille caused 86.53 casualties of Fig spider mite, which had no significant
differences with other treatments on the 1% level Table 2. Palizin solution 3 per mille caused
54.374 casualties of Fig spider mite, which had significant differences with other solutions on the
1% level Table 2. Palizin solution 4 per mille caused 64.436 casualties of Fig spider mite that had
no significant differences with other treatments on the 1% level Table 2. Palizin solution 5 per
mille caused 70.62 casualties of Fig spider mite, which had no significant differences with other
treatments on the 1% level Table 2.
On the foundation of the data the highest number of the living ticks in every sample unit (4
square centimeters) was observed in the example trees (16.25 moving ticks), which were showing
significant differences with other solutions. In the research on the basis of the variance analysis
table were no significant differences between the different samples observed.
3.3. The percentage of Fig spider mite casualties 14 days after poison spraying
On the basis of the data variance analysis table on the impact of different solutions on the Fig
spider mite fourteen days after the use of the solutions a significant difference according to the
caused casualties on the 1% level was considered Table 1.
On the basis of the corrected data analysis in line with example experiment the highest caused
casualties among the ticks fourteen days after the use of treatments related to the toxin Sirinol 4
and 5 per mille was causing in order 90.772 and 95.37 percent of the casualties of the blight. Based
on the comparison of the mean values between these two toxins in respect of caused casualties no
significant difference was observed Table 2. In this time the lowest casualties were as for Palizin
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solution 2 per mille with 36.750 percent, which had significant differences with other treatments on
the 1% level Table 2. Sirinol solution 2 per mille caused 74.219 casualties of Fig spider mite, which
had significant differences with other treatments on the 1% level Table 2.Sirinol treatment 3 per
mille caused 82.174 casualties of Fig spider mite, which had significant differences with other
treatments on the 1% level Table 2. Palizin treatments 3 per mille caused 43.15 percent casualties of
Fig spider mite, which had significant differences with other treatments on the 1% level Table 2.
Palizin treatment 4 per mille caused 59.296 casualties of Fig spider mite, which had significant
differences with other treatments on the 1% level Table 2. Palizin treatment 5 per mille caused
65.222 casualties of Fig spider mite, which had significant differences with other treatments on the
1% level Table 2.
Based on the data the highest number of the living ticks in every sample unit (4 square
centimeters) was observed in the example trees (21.25 moving ticks), which were showing
significant differences with other treatments. In this research on the basis of the variance analysis
table significant differences between the different samples were observed Table 1.
4. Discussion
In general is the use of chemical pesticides accompanied by serious damages like spreading
genetic resistance of the blights, problems according to the residua of the toxins and undesirable
impacts on environment, toxic effects on consumers and other beings, which were not the target of
the use,and also the increase in the application expenses [11]. We believe that natural compositions
from botanical sources have an advantage because of the low toxicity on mammals, fast
decomposition and easy accessibility [12].
In a research the abducting impact of the garlic on the blights in storage products Red flour
beetle and maize weevil were studied and observed that healthy garlic plants and fresh grounded
garlic have the abducting impact. In addition the Larva of Diamond back moth and the Green peach
aphid have also an abducting effect [13]. It has been indicated that Terpenoides exert their impacts
through the respiratory and digestive systems of insects. The effect of Monoterpenes on insects
resembles the effect of nerve toxins and exerts its impact through the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase.
The reduction of the activity of Enzymes Alpha esterase and Beta esterase under the impact of
garlic has been reported [14]. In one comparative research the toxicity of insecticide Sirinol and
chemical insecticide Mospilan and Consolt on two natural enemies of (Oenopia Conglobata) and
(Psyllaephagus Pistaciae) were accomplished. This research has shown that Sirinol in comparison to
two other chemical insecticides is causing lower casualties of the natural enemies of Pistachio
Psylla [15]. In other research the study on the casualties of blights (insects) of two stored products
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with Sirinol in a composition with low air pressure was accomplished and the results have shown
that the mature insects of Red flour beetle are perceptibly sensitive to Sirinol composition with low
air pressure [10]. The experiment highlights that Palizin 2 per mille with 39.5 percent has the lowest
impact and Sirinol 5 per mille with 97.735 the highest impact on control of Fig spider mite with
significant difference to other treatments. Also in the control percentage of FSP three and seven
days after poison spraying no significant difference was observed, but fourteen days after poison
spraying the significant difference was observed. It is considerable that botanical insecticide Sirinol
is immediately after the use dried, and the life cycle of FSP consists of seven days, thus the lack of
significant difference has proven that the solution could affect different phases of the life of tick.
This advantage is one of the positive features of this composition so that on this way a more
accomplished control is achieved and there would be no need for repetition of poison spraying in
short distances.
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