Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
is published with the understanding that Nodia and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
to render engineering or other professional services.
B-8, Dhanshree Tower Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 302039
Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
www.nodia.co.in
email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
YEAR 2013
ONE MARK
A metric threads of pitch 2 mm and thread angle 60c is inspected for its pitch
diameter using 3-wire method. The diameter of the best size wire in mm is
(A) 0.866
(B) 1.000
Q. 1
(C) 1.154
(D) 2.000
Two threaded bolts A and B of same material and length are subjected to
identical tensile load. If the elastic strain stored in bolt A times of bolt B and the
mean diameter of bolt A is 12 mm, the mean diameter of bolt B in mm is
(A) 16
(B) 24
Q. 2
(C) 36
n
i
.
o
c
(D) 48
YEAR 2013
i
d
o
.
a
TWO MARKS
.n
w
A single riveted lap joint of two similar plates as shown in the figure below has
the following geometrical and material details.
If the plates are to be designed to avoid tearing failure, the maximum permissible
load P in kN is
(A) 83
(B) 125
(C) 167
(D) 501
Q. 4
If the rivets are to be designed to avoid crushing failure, the maximum permissible
load P in kN is
(A) 7.50
(B) 15.00
(C) 22.50
(D) 30.00
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
YEAR 2012
Q. 5
TWO MARKS
(A) 14.44
Q. 6
.
a
i
d
(B) 17.92
o
n
(C) 19.93
.
w
(D) 22.16
(A) 100.6
(C) 22.1
Q. 7
in
.
co
(B) 54.4
(D) 15.7
.
a
i
d
YEAR 2011
Q. 8
in
.
co
o
n
.
w
TWO MARKS
YEAR 2010
Q. 9
TWO MARKS
A band brake having band-width of 80 mm, drum diameter of 250 mm, coefficient
of friction of 0.25 and angle of wrap of 270 degrees is required to exert a friction
torque of 1000 Nm. The maximum tension (in kN) developed in the band is
(A) 1.88
(B) 3.56
(C) 6.12
(D) 11.56
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
A bracket (shown in figure) is rigidly mounted on wall using four rivets. Each
rivet is 6 mm in diameter and has an effective length of 12 mm.
Q. 10
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
Direct shear stress (in MPa) in the most heavily loaded rivet is
(A) 4.4
(B) 8.8
(C) 17.6
(D) 35.2
A lightly loaded full journal bearing has journal diameter of 50 mm, bush bore of
50.05 mm and bush length of 20 mm. If rotational speed of journal is 1200 rpm
and average viscosity of liquid lubricant is 0.03 Pa s, the power loss (in W) will be
(A) 37
(B) 74
(C) 118
(D) 237
Q. 11
in
.
co
.
a
YEAR 2009
i
d
TWO MARKS
Q. 12
o
n
.
w
A 20c full depth involute spur pinion of 4 mm module and 21 teeth is to transmit
15 kW at 960 rpm. Its face width is 25 mm.
Q. 13
Q. 14
(D) 1305
Given that the tooth geometry factor is 0.32 and the combined effect of dynamic
load and allied factors intensifying the stress is 1.5; the minimum allowable stress
(in MPa) for the gear material is
(A) 242.0
(B) 166.5
(C) 121.0
(D) 74.0
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
YEAR 2008
Q. 15
Q. 16
Q. 17
in
.
co
.
a
A clutch has outer and inner diameters 100 mm and 40 mm respectively. Assuming
a uniform pressure of 2 MPa and coefficient of friction of liner material is 0.4, the
torque carrying capacity of the clutch is
(B) 196 N-m
(A) 148 N-m
(C) 372 N-m
(D) 490 N-m
i
d
o
n
.
w
A spur gear has a module of 3 mm, number of teeth 16, a face width of 36 mm
and a pressure angle of 20c. It is transmitting a power of 3 kW at 20 rev/s.
Taking a velocity factor of 1.5 and a form factor of 0.3, the stress in the gear
tooth is about.
(A) 32 MPa
(B) 46 MPa
(C) 58 MPa
Q. 18
TWO MARKS
(D) 70 MPa
One tooth of a gear having 4 module and 32 teeth is shown in the figure. Assume
that the gear tooth and the corresponding tooth space make equal intercepts on
the pitch circumference. The dimensions a and b, respectively, are closest to
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
Type of gear
Description
Helical
1.
Spiral Bevel
2.
Hypoid
3.
4.
5.
6.
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
Q. 20
Q. 21
.
a
YEAR 2007
Q. 22
i
d
o
n
.
w
TWO MARKS
(C) 1.4
Q. 24
ONE MARK
A ball bearing operating at a load F has 8000 hours of life. The life of the bearing,
in hours, when the load is doubled to 2F is
(A) 8000
(B) 6000
(C) 4000
(D) 1000
YEAR 2007
Q. 23
in
.
co
(D) 1.2
*Maximum Discount*
Q. 25
A bolted joint is shown below. The maximum shear stress, in MPa in the bolts
at A and B , respectively are
i
d
o
n
in
.
co
.
a
.
w
Q. 26
MACHINE DESIGN
A block-brake shown below has a face width of 300 mm and a mean co-efficient
of friction of 0.25. For an activating force of 400 N, the braking torque in Nm is
.
a
i
d
(A) 30
(B) 40
(C) 45
(D) 60
Q. 27
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
.
a
(C) 160
Q. 29
o
n
(C) 1.29
Q. 30
i
d
(D) 170
.
w
(D) 1.33
(C) 2258.1
(D) 289.43
YEAR 2006
Q. 31
TWO MARKS
A disc clutch is required to transmit 5 kW at 2000 rpm. The disk has a friction
lining with coefficient of friction equal to 0.25. Bore radius of friction lining is
equal to 25 mm. Assume uniform contact pressure of 1 MPa. The value of outside
radius of the friction lining is
(A) 39.4 mm
(B) 49.5 mm
(C) 97.9 mm
(D) 142.9 mm
Q. 32
o
n
.
w
(D) 300 mm
Q. 34
i
d
.
a
Twenty degree full depth involute profiled 19 tooth pinion and 37 tooth gear are
in mesh. If the module is 5 mm, the centre distance between the gear pair will be
(A) 140 mm
(B) 150 mm
(C) 280 mm
Q. 33
in
.
co
A 60 mm long and 6 mm thick fillet weld carries a steady load of 15 kN along the
weld. The shear strength of the weld material is equal to 200 MPa. The factor of
safety is
(A) 2.4
(B) 3.4
(C) 4.8
(D) 6.8
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
YEAR 2005
Q. 35
ONE MARK
in
.
co
YEAR 2005
.
a
i
d
TWO MARKS
A band brake consists of a lever attached to one end of the band. The other end
of the band is fixed to the ground. The wheel has a radius of 200 mm and the
wrap angle of the band is 270c. The braking force applied to the lever is limited
to 100 N and the coefficient of friction between the band and the wheel is 0.5. No
other information is given.
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
Q. 36
The maximum tension that can be generated in the band during braking is
(A) 1200 N
(B) 2110 N
(C) 3224 N
(D) 4420 N
Q. 37
i
d
o
n
.
w
YEAR 2004
Q. 38
Q. 39
ONE MARK
Two mating spur gears have 40 and 120 teeth respectively. The pinion rotates at
1200 rpm and transmits a torque of 20 Nm. The torque transmitted by the gear is
(A) 6.6 Nm
(B) 20 Nm
(C) 40 Nm
(D) 60 Nm
Q. 40
.
a
(K f - 1)
(Kt + 1)
(K f + 1)
(D)
(Kt + 1)
(B)
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
YEAR 2004
Q. 41
TWO MARKS
In a bolted joint two members are connected with an axial tightening force of
2200 N. If the bolt used has metric threads of 4 mm pitch, the torque required for
achieving the tightening force is
.
a
i
d
(A) 0.7 Nm
(C) 1.4 Nm
Q. 42
o
n
.
w
Type of gears
P.
Bevel gears
Q.
in
.
co
(D) 2.8 Nm
Arrangement of shafts
1.
Worm gears
2.
R.
Herringbone gears
3.
S.
Hypoid gears
4.
Parallel shafts
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
w
P-4
P-2
P-3
P-1
Q-2
Q-3
Q-2
Q-3
R-1
R-4
R-1
R-4
S-3
S-1
S-4
S-2
in
.
co
.
a
YEAR 2003
Q. 43
(B) 1.0 Nm
i
d
ONE MARK
o
n
.
w
YEAR 2003
Q. 44
Q. 45
TWO MARKS
Square key of side d/4 each and length l is used to transmit torque T from
the shaft of diameter d to the hub of a pulley. Assuming the length of the key
to be equal to the thickness of pulley, the average shear stress developed in the
key is given by
(A) 4T
(B) 16T
ld
ld 2
(C) 8T2
(D) 16T3
ld
pd
In a band brake the ratio of tight side band tension to the tension on the slack
side is 3. If the angle of overlap of band on the drum is 180c, the coefficient of
friction required between drum and the band is
(A) 0.20
(B) 0.25
(C) 0.30
(D) 0.35
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
.
a
Z2 and Z 4 are
(A) 64 and 45
(B) 45 and 64
i
d
(C) 48 and 60
Q. 47
(D) 60 and 48
o
n
.
w
(C) 160 mm
YEAR 2002
Q. 48
in
.
co
(D) 240 mm
ONE MARK
in
.
co
YEAR 2002
Q. 49
TWO MARKS
The coupling used to connect two shafts with large angular misalignment is
(A) a flange coupling
(B) an Oldhams coupling
.
a
i
d
Q. 50
Q. 51
Large speed reductions (greater than 20) in one stage of a gear train are possible
through
(A) spur gearing
(B) worm gearing
Q. 52
o
n
.
w
If the wire diameter of a closed coil helical spring subjected to compressive load
is increased from 1 cm to 2 cm, other parameters remaining same, the deflection
will decrease by a factor of
(A) 16
(B) 8
(C) 4
(D) 2
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
YEAR 2001
Q. 53
ONE MARK
Bars AB and BC , each of negligible mass, support load P as shown in the figure.
In this arrangement,
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
YEAR 2001
Q. 54
TWO MARKS
Two helical tensile springs of the same material and also having identical mean
coil diameter and weight, have wire diameters d and d/2. The ratio of their
stiffness is
(A) 1
(B) 4
(C) 64
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
(D) 128
*********
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
SOLUTION
Sol. 54
.
a
i
d
p = pitch = 2 mm , a = 60c
2
= 1.154 mm
dD =
2 cos 30c
where
Hence
Sol. 54
in
.
co
o
n
.
w
Since bolts of same material and length and subjected to identical tensile load,
i.e.
EA = EB , LA = LB , FA = FB
1 = 4
So that
AA
AB
1 = 4
A = p d2
4
d A2
d B2
or
d B2 = 4d A2
or
dB = 2dA = 2 # 12 = 24 mm
Sol. 54
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
P = sp # A
where for crushing failure A = ^w - 3dhole h # t
So that
P = ^w - 3dhole h # t # sp
Sol. 54
= 167000 N = 167 kN
Sol. 54
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
.
a
The shear strength of the joint for single parallel fillet weld is,
i
d
o
n
From figure
Sol. 54
.
w
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
TB = (T1 - T2) # r
= (400 - 182.68) # 0.25 = 54.33 Nm , 54.4 Nm
Sol. 54
o
n
.
w
From T = t
r
J
d = 15.38 mm , 16 mm
Sol. 54
L = b C l # 106 revolutions
W
k
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
Sol. 54
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
TB = (T1 - T2) r
...(i)
T1 - T2 = TB = 1000 = 8000 N
r
0.125
We know that limiting ratio of the tension is given by,
p
T1 = emq = ea0.25 # 180
# 270k
= 3.246
T2
T2 = T1
3.246
Substitute T2 in equation (i), we get
& 3.246T1 - T1 = 25968
T1 - T1 = 8000
3.246
2.246T1 = 25968 & T1 = 25968 = 11.56 kN
2.246
Option (B) is correct.
Given : d = 6 mm , l = 12 mm , P = 1000 N
Each rivets have same diameter, So equal Load is carried by each rivet.
Primary or direct force on each rivet,
F = P = 1000 = 250 N
4
4
Shear area of each rivet is,
A = p ^6 # 10-3h2 = 28.26 # 10-6 mm2
4
Direct shear stress on each rivet,
250
t =F =
= 8.84 # 106 - 8.8 MPa
A
28.26 # 10-6
Option (A) is correct.
Given : d = 50 mm , D = 50.05 mm , l = 20 mm , N = 1200 rpm , m = 0.03 Pa s
Tangential velocity of shaft,
-3
u = pdN = 3.14 # 50 # 10 # 1200 = 3.14 m/ sec
60
60
And Radial clearance,
y = D - d = 50.05 - 50 = 0.025 mm
2
2
Shear stress from the Newtons law of viscosity,
3.14
t = m # u = 0.03 #
= 3768 N/m2
y
0.025 # 10-3
Shear force on the shaft,
Sol. 54
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
Sol. 54
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
F = t # A = 3768 # (p # d # l)
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
= 37.13 W - 37 W
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
i
d
.
a
o
n
.
w
...(i)
3
1
= 60 # 15 # 10 #
2 # 3.14 # 960
42 # 10-3
= 3554.36 N - 3552 N
Sol. 54
pd = p = p = 1
pc
pm m
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
i
d
F = t A = t # pdl
A = pdl = Area of shaft
= 400 # 3.14 # 0.040 # 0.040 = 2.0096 N
T = F # r = 2.0096 # 0.020
= 0.040192 N-m - 0.040 N-m
o
n
.
w
Loss of torque,
Sol. 54
.
a
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
Power,
o
n
.
w
D = m # Z = 3 # 16 = 48 mm
P = 2pNT
60
3
T = 60P = 60 # 3 # 10
2 # 3.14 # 1200
2pN
*Maximum Discount*
Sol. 54
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
.
a
PR = OR - OP = 64 - 63.9 = 0.1 mm
OR = Pitch circle radius
And
b = m + PR = 4 + 0.1 = 4.1 mm
Therefore, a = 6.28 mm and b = 4.1 mm
Sol. 54
o
n
.
w
i
d
Description
Q. Spiral Bevel
R. Hypoid
S.
Rack and pinion 6. Axes are parallel and one of the gear has infinite
radius
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
in
.
co
So,
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
.
a
i
d
Sol. 54
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
Mean stress,
Variable stress,
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
3
= 2 # 10 = 0.8 N/mm2 = 0.8 # 106 N/m2
50 # 50
2
c = diameteral clearance
Sommerfeld Number = ZN b d l
p c
= 2 # radial clearance
in
.
co
-3
2
50
S.N. = 20 # 10 #6 20 # b
-3 l
0.8 # 10
100 # 10
-3
2
= 20 # 10 #6 20 # b 1 l # 106 = 0.125
2
0.8 # 10
o
n
.
w
i
d
.
a
*Maximum Discount*
We know that
MACHINE DESIGN
(rA = rC and rB = 0 )
in
.
co
FA = 1500 # 10 = 18750 N
80
.
a
FB = 0
(rB = 0)
FC = FA # rC = 18750 # 40 = 18750 N
rA
40
From fig we find that angle between
FA and FP = qA = 90c
FB and FP = qB = 90c
i
d
o
n
.
w
FC and FP = qC = 90c
Resultant load on bolt A,
RA =
in
.
co
RB = FP = 3333.33 N
Maximum shear stress at B ,
tB = p RB 2 = p3333.33 2 = 42.5 MPa
4 (d)
4 # (10)
Sol. 54
i
d
o
n
.
w
.
a
(FB = 0)
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
Ft = mRN
TB = Ft # r = mRN # r
= 0.25 # 1200 # 0.15 = 45 N-m
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
3
# 10 # 3.14 # (20) 4
= 2 # 9.81 # 200
2
64
(700)
= 62864.08 N = 62.864 kN
We know that, factor of safety (FOS)
Crippling Load
FOS =
= 62.864 = 6.28
10
Working Load
i
d
.
a
o
n
.
w
Sol. 54
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
Let,
T " Torque transmitted in N - m
We know that power transmitted is,
P = T w = T # 2pN
60
3
T = 60P = 60 # 20 # 10 = 106.157 N-m
2 # 3.14 # 1800
2pN
T
Tangential load on the pinion
FT =
RP
= 106.157 = 2123.14 N
0.05
From the geometry, total load due to power transmitted,
F = FT = 2123.14 - 2258.1 N
cos f
cos 20c
Option (A) is correct.
Given : P = 5 kW , N = 2000 rpm , m = 0.25 , r 2 = 25 mm = 0.025 m ,
p = 1 MPa
Power transmitted,
P = 2pNT
60
Sol. 54
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
3
T = 60P = 60 # 5 # 10
= 23.885 N-m
2 # 3.14 # 2000
2pN
When pressure is uniformly distributed over the entire area of the friction faces, then
total frictional torque acting on the friction surface or on the clutch,
(r ) 3 - (r2) 3
T = 2pmp ; 1
E
3
Torque,
Sol. 54
m =D
Z
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
Sol. 54
DG = m # ZG = 5 # 37 = 185 mm
Now, centre distance between the gear pair (shafts),
L = DP + DG = 95 + 185 = 140 mm
2
2
2
Option (C) is correct.
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
We know that in S-N curve the failure occurs at 106 cycles (at endurance strength)
We have to make the S-N curve from the given data, on the scale of log 10 .
Now equation of line whose end point co-ordinates are
6
^log 10 1000, log 10 490h and ^log 10 10 , log 10 70h
in
.
co
or
.
a
y - log 10 490
log 10 70 - log 10 490
=
x-3
6-3
y - 2.69
= 1.845 - 2.69
x-3
3
i
d
o
n
.
w
y - 2.69 =- 0.281 (x - 3)
Given, the shaft is subject to an alternating stress of 100 MPa
So,
y = log 10 100 = 2
Substitute this value in equation (i), we get
y - y1 y 2 - y1
b x - x1 = x 2 - x1 l
...(i)
2 - 2.69 =- 0.281 (x - 3)
- 0.69 =- 0.281x + 0.843
x = - 0.843 - 0.69 = 5.455
- 0.281
log 10 N = 5.455
N = 105.455 = 285101
The nearest shaft life is 281914 cycles.
And
Sol. 54
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
P
15 # 103
= 58.93 MPa
=
0.707 # 0.006 # 0.06
0.707 # s # l
Shear strength
= 200 MPa = 3.39 - 3.4
FOS =
58.93 MPa
Allowable shear stress
t =
Sol. 54
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
to 2110 N
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
ZP = NG
Velocity Ratio,
ZG
NP
Z
NG = P # NP = 40 # 1200 = 400 rpm
120
ZG
Power transmitted is same for both pinion & Gear.
P = 2pNP TP = 2pNG TG
60
60
NP TP = NG TG
in
.
co
TG = NP TP = 1200 # 20 = 60 N-m
400
NG
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
K f = 1 + q (Kt - 1)
K f - 1 = q (Kt - 1)
K -1
q = f
Kt - 1
Sol. 54
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
We can easily see from the S-N curve that, steel becomes asymptotic nearly at
106 cycles .
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
in
.
co
.
a
Arrangement of shafts
Bevel gears
2.
Q.
Worm gears
R.
Herringbone gears
S.
Hypoid gears
o
n
i
d
P.
3.
.
w
4.
1.
Parallel shafts
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
.
w
.
a
i
d
no
in
.
co
(r = d/2)
*Maximum Discount*
Sol. 54
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
Let N1 , N2 , N 3 and N 4 are the speeds of pinion 1, gear 2, pinion 3 and gear 4
respectively.
Given : Z1 = 16 teeth , Z 3 = 15 teeth and Z 4 = ? , Z2 = ?
N1 = Z2 /Z1
Velocity ratio
N \ 1/Z
N4
Z 3 /Z 4
...(i)
= Z2 # Z 4 = 12
Z1
Z3
N1 = Z 2 = 4
But for stage 1,
...(ii)
N2
Z1
So,
from eq. (i)
4 # Z 4 = 12
Z3
Z4 = 3,
& Z 4 = 3 # 15 = 45 teeth
Z3
Sol. 54
Z2 = 4 # Z1 = 4 # 16 = 64 teeth
Or,
So,
Sol. 54
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
m = D/Z module
D 4 = 4 # Z 4 = 4 # 45 = 180
D 3 = 4 # Z 3 = 4 # 15 = 60
D = 180 + 60 = 120 mm
2
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
(B) Oldhams coupling :- It is used to join two shafts which have lateral misalignment.
o
n
(C) Flexible bush coupling :- It is used to join the abutting ends of shafts when
they are not in exact alignment.
(D) Hooks joint :- It is used to connect two shafts with large angular
misalignment.
Sol. 54
.
w
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
in
.
co
When shaft is subjected to repeated stress, then it will be designed for fatigue
loading.
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
d = Wire diameter
R = Coil diameter
G = Modulus of rigidity
d \ 14
d
Given d1 = 1 cm and d2 = 2 cm
*Maximum Discount*
MACHINE DESIGN
d2 = d1 4
d1 b d2 l
d2 = 1 4 = 1
16
d1 b 2 l
d2 = d1
16
So, deflection will decrease by a factor of 16.
Sol. 54
Sol. 54
in
.
co
.
a
i
d
o
n
.
w
m1 g = m 2 g
rn1 g = rn2 g
m = rn
A 1 # L 1 # rg = A 2 # L 2 # rg
p d 2 p D n = p d 2 pD n
1 1
2 2
4 1#
4 2#
d 12 # n1 = d 22 # n2
d1 = d & d 2 = d
2
Given :
in
.
co
L = pDn
D1 = D 2
.
a
d 2 # n1 = d # n 2
4
or,
n1 = n 2
4
The deflection of helical spring is given by,
3
d = 8PD4 n
Gd
4
Spring stiffness,
k = P = Gd3
d
8D n
From the given conditions, we get
4
k\d
n
k 1 = d1 4
n2
So,
k 2 b d 2 l # a n1 k
k1 = d 4
n2
k2 c d/2 m # n2 /4
k1 = 16 4 = 64
#
k2
i
d
o
n
.
w
***********
*Maximum Discount*