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Es La representacin instantanea de lo que ocurre en el proceso, con esta informacin se puede evaluar el
rendimiento del proceso, equipos involucrados y la rentabilidad del proceso.
PLANIFICACION DE UN BALANCE
- Hacer el diagrama de flujo
- Establecer frecuencia y tiempo de muestreo
- Tcnica a utilizar
- Modelamiento matemtico
- Confirmar si los puntos de muestreo son accesibles y si las muestras tomadas sern representativas.
- Disear los muestreadores de acuerdo a la cantidad de flujo y tamao de partcula.
- Calidad y cantidad de materiales a utilizar
- Muestreo en planta
TECNICAS DE CALCULO
- Mtodo algebrico (clsico)
- Mnimos cuadrados y Multiplicadores de Lagrange.
- Mtodo Computacional (Smith y Ichiyen)
CONCLUSIONES
- Para efectuar balances metalrgicos en plantas concentradoras, es necesario contar con experiencia
para realizar un trabajo de garanta.
- La cantidad de puntos de muestreo y las ecuaciones deben ser elegidas en funcin a las facilidades de
toma de muestra y la representatividad de ellas.
- Elegir el mejor mtodo que se adece al circuito en estudio.
- Concluido los clculos efectuar inmediatamente la interpretacin del balance, por secciones y equipos
(diagnstico).
Zn
Pb
Cu
Ag
Zn
Pb
Cu
Ag
Matriz Principal
2640.17
533.94
c1
3.42
1.51
0.27
0.0136
c2
8.32
50.29
8.03
0.4165
c3
56.24
1.63
1.22
0.0253
c4
0.25
0.18
0.03
0.0016
A
-25.54
-66.81
-1.92
0.00
-94.27
B
65.06
2511.02
63.91
0.17
2640.17
C
451.66
72.76
9.51
0.01
533.94
D
-177.32
-1.94
-0.29
0.00
-179.54
E
451.66
72.76
9.51
0.01
533.94
533.94
3138.87
94.27
179.54
0.000392258 -6.673E-005
94.27
0.0250
0.0250
-6.673E-005 0.000329936
179.54
0.0529
0.0529
F
3135.35
2.11
1.41
0.00
3138.87
Matriz Inversa
Alimento=
Conc.Bk=
Conc.Zn=
Relave=
1202.45
30.06
63.67
1108.72
(1)i
(c1)i
(c2)i
(c3)i
(c4)i
Zn
Pb
Cu
Ag
0.000396326
0.003615973
-0.02308376
0.000356769
0.0002138127
0.0019507719
-0.0124533993
0.0001924726
0.0002138127
0.0019507719
-0.0124533993
0.0001924726
-0.000005345
-4.87662E-005
0.0003113153
-4.81151E-006
-1.132E-005
-0.0001033
0.00065938
1.019E-005
-0.00019715
-0.00179872
0.011482702
-0.00017747
c1
c2
c3
c4
Zn
Pb
Cu
Ag
3.42
1.52
0.26
0.0137
tons
tons
tons
tons
8.32
50.29
8.03
0.4165
56.24
1.63
1.22
0.0253
0.25
0.18
0.05
0.0014
Funcin Objetivo =
Error
0.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0000
0.0003
BALANCE METALURGICO
ENSAYES QUIMICOS
%Pb
%Cu
3.42
1.51
0.27
8.32
50.29
8.03
56.24
1.63
1.22
0.25
0.18
0.03
3.42
1.51
0.30
5-Jun-04
Cabeza
Guardia A Conc. Bk
Conc. Zn
Relave
Cab. Calc.
TMS
1202.00
30.05
63.64
1108.31
1202.00
%
100.00
2.50
5.29
92.21
100.00
%Zn
Ag
0.16
0.13
0.02
0.02
0.16
Zn
CONTENIDOS M E T A L I C O S
Zn
41.07
2.50
35.80
2.77
41.07
Pb
18.20
15.11
1.04
2.01
18.16
Cu
3.29
2.41
0.78
0.38
3.57
%Ag
0.014
0.417
0.025
0.002
0.013
DISTRIBUCION
100.0
6.08
87.16
6.76
100.0
Pb
100.0
83.21
5.72
11.07
100.0
Cu
100.0
67.57
21.81
10.62
100.0
Ag
R.C.
100.0
78.90 40.00
10.15 18.89
10.95
100.0
Para el Fierro
Inversa de la matriz
0.1058
0.0400
0.0400
0.1070
0.0532
0.0201
(1)
-0.3145
0.0532
0.0201
50.4742
(2)
0.0846
(Fe)
-3.7935
2.2157
-0.0339
Lam(Fe)
-0.3145
0.0846
-1.8692
(3)
-1.8692
Para el Cobre
Inversa de la matriz
0.1058
0.0400
0.0400
0.1070
0.0532
0.0201
%Zn
%Fe
%Cu
%Zn
%Fe
%Cu
(Cu)
0.0532
0.0201
50.4742
-0.3728
0.3517
0.0142
(1)
0.0025
-0.3145
-0.0246
(1)
-0.0246
(2)
0.0696
0.0846
0.0230
(2)
0.0230
(3)
-4.0898
-1.8692
0.7019
(3)
0.7019
(C1)
(C3)
(C4)
(C5)
(C6)
-0.0656
-0.0797
-0.0217
-0.4704
-0.1787
0.0835
0.0025
-0.3145
-0.0246
Lam(Cu)
-0.0246
0.0230
0.7019
(C2)
0.1784
1.0602
0.1265
(C7)
0.2372
0.1084
-0.0407
0.2330
0.0885
-0.0414
-0.1152
-0.6843
-0.0816
C3
0.4244
13.0103
0.1183
C4
42.2596
14.1913
1.0435
C5
52.3072
14.7784
0.6163
No. Flujo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C1
3.9325
11.2555
0.1384
C2
8.2884
15.4102
0.5925
Valores ensayados
%Zn
%Fe
%Cu
3.93
11.57
0.16
8.11
14.35
0.47
0.49
13.09
0.14
42.73
14.37
0.96
52.07
14.67
0.66
34.64
14.66
1.02
11.86
13.75
0.44
C6
34.8730
14.7485
0.9786
Valores calculados
%Zn
%Fe
%Cu
3.93
11.26
0.14
8.29
15.41
0.59
0.42
13.01
0.12
42.26
14.19
1.04
52.31
14.78
0.62
34.87
14.75
0.98
11.74
13.07
0.36
C7
11.7448
13.0657
0.3584
Error
0.10
1.17
0.01
0.26
0.07
0.06
0.49
2.16
Rougher
Scavenger
C3(1-w1)
C4w3
C6(w3-w1)
Cleaner
C5w1
DATOS
Flujo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nombre
Alimento
Relave rougher
Relave Final
Conc. rougher
Concentrado final
Relave cleaner
Conc. scavenger
%Fe
11.57
14.35
13.09
14.37
14.67
14.66
13.75
Ecuaciones
Rougher
C 1 +C 7 w2 +C 6 ( w 3 w 1 )C 2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) w3 C4 =0
Scavenger
C2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) C7 w2 C3 ( 1w1 )=0
C2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) C7 w2 C3 ( 1w1 )=0
Cleaner
C 4 w3 C 6 ( w3 w1 ) C5 w1 =0
Datos
B (w)=
B (w)=
M i=
M i=
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
0.2008
C3
C1
C2
C4
C5
C6
-(1+w2-w1)
-w3
(w3-w1)
w2
(1+w2-w1)
-(1-w1)
-w2
w3
-w1
-(w3-w1)
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
-4.5612
-0.2008
0.1365
3.6255
4.5612
-0.9357
-3.6255
0.2008
-0.0643
-0.1365
C12
0
C22
0
C32
0
C42
0
C52
0
C62
-4.561154 4.561154
B' =
0
C72
133.865
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
205.923
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
171.348
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
206.497
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
215.209
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
214.916
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
189.063
ci= -MiB'(BMiB')-1Bci
1
C7
0
0
-0.935697
-0.200765
0.200765
-0.064303
0.136462
-0.136462
3.625457 -3.625457
-133.8649
939.2442 -939.2442
-MiB'=
160.3298
41.45745
-41.45745
13.83864
-29.32784
29.32784
-685.4379 685.4379
133.8649
MiB'=
-939.2442 939.2442
0 -160.3298
-41.45745
0 41.45745
0 -13.83864
29.32784
0 -29.32784
685.4379 -685.4379
BMiB'=
-6769.063 6919.083
-12.32536
0
13.21523
(BMiB') =
-1
-MiB'(BMiB') =
-1
0.56837
0.519756
Bci=
3.354252
-0.058865
(7 x 3) * (3 x 1) = ( 7 x 1)
-MiB'(BMiB') Bci= 0.80
-0.58
-0.86
0.17
-0.14
-0.12
0.42
-1
C(e)
11.57
14.35
13.09
14.37
14.67
14.66
13.75
C(c )
12.37
13.77
12.23
14.54
14.53
14.54
14.17
Funcin Objetivo
( c^ i c i )=
'
( c^ i c i ) =
0.804
-0.578
-0.864
0.168
-0.139
-0.119
0.422
0.80395 -0.5776 -0.8643
Mi-1 = 0.00747
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00486
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00584
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00484
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00465
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00465
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00529
0.0060
-0.0028
-0.0050
M-1*(C(c )-C) = 0.0008
-0.0006
-0.0006
0.0022
Resultados finales
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
0.2008
Valores de
constantes
calculadas
ROCESOS
URGICOS
w3 C 4 =0
Rougher
Scavenger
C3(1-w1)
C4w3
C6(w3-w1)
Cleaner
C5w1
DATOS
Flujo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nombre
Alimento
Relave rougher
Relave Final
Conc. rougher
Concentrado final
Relave cleaner
Conc. scavenger
%Cu
0.163
0.466
0.14
0.96
0.657
1.02
0.44
Ecuaciones
Rougher
C 1 +C 7 w2 +C 6 ( w 3 w 1 )C 2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) w3 C4 =0
Scavenger
C2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) C7 w2 C3 ( 1w1 )=0
C2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) C7 w2 C3 ( 1w1 )=0
Cleaner
C 4 w3 C 6 ( w3 w1 ) C5 w1 =0
Datos
B (w)=
B (w)=
M i=
M i=
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
0.2008
C3
C1
C2
C4
C5
C6
-(1+w2-w1)
-w3
(w3-w1)
w2
(1+w2-w1)
-(1-w1)
-w2
w3
-w1
-(w3-w1)
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
-4.5612
-0.2008
0.1365
3.6255
4.5612
-0.9357
-3.6255
0.2008
-0.0643
-0.1365
C12
0
C22
0
C32
0
C42
0
C52
0
C62
0.02657
0
0
0
0.21716
0
0
0
0.0196
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ci= -MiB'(BMiB')-1Bci
1
-4.561154 4.561154
B' =
0
0
-0.935697
-0.200765
0.200765
-0.064303
0.136462
-0.136462
3.625457 -3.625457
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.9216
0
0
0
0.43165
0
0
0
1.0404
0
0
0
C7
0
C72
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1936
-0.026569
0.990482 -0.990482
-MiB'=
0.01834
0.185025
-0.185025
0.027756
-0.141975
0.141975
-0.701888 0.701888
0.026569
-0.990482 0.990482
MiB'=
-0.01834
-0.185025
0 0.185025
0 -0.027756
0.141975
0 -0.141975
0.701888 -0.701888
BMiB'=
-7.062406 7.079567
-0.056521
0
0.058306
(BMiB') =
-1
-MiB'(BMiB') =
-1
0.59099
1.050341
Bci=
0.399299
0.011296
(7 x 3) * (3 x 1) = ( 7 x 1)
-MiB'(BMiB') Bci= 0.01
-0.06
0.00
-0.04
0.00
0.03
0.04
-1
C(e)
0.16
0.47
0.14
0.96
0.66
1.02
0.44
C(c )
0.17
0.41
0.14
0.92
0.66
1.05
0.48
Funcin Objetivo
( c^ i c i )=
'
( c^ i c i ) =
0.007
-0.056
-0.004
-0.037
-0.001
0.029
0.040
0.00676 -0.0565 -0.0036 -0.0373 -0.0015 0.02861 0.04002
Mi-1 = 37.6378
0
0
0
0 4.60498
0
0
0
0 51.0204
0
0
0
0 1.08507
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.3167
0
0
0 0.96117
0
0
0 5.16529
0.2545
-0.2601
-0.1848
M-1*(C(c )-C) = -0.0405
-0.0034
0.0275
0.2067
Resultados finales
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
0.2008
Valores de
constantes
calculadas
ROCESOS
URGICOS
w3 C 4 =0
Rougher
Scavenger
C3(1-w1)
C4w3
C6(w3-w1)
Cleaner
C5w1
DATOS
Flujo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nombre
Alimento
Relave rougher
Relave Final
Conc. rougher
Concentrado final
Relave cleaner
Conc. scavenger
%Zn
3.93
8.11
0.49
42.73
52.07
34.64
11.86
Ecuaciones
Rougher
C 1 +C 7 w2 +C6 ( w 3 w1 )C 2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) w3 C 4 =0
Scavenger
C2 ( 1+ w2 w1 ) C7 w2 C3 ( 1w1 )=0
Cleaner
C 4 w3 C 6 ( w3 w1 ) C5 w1 =0
Datos
B (w)=
B (w)=
M i=
M i=
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
0.2008
C3
C1
C2
-(1+w2-w1)
(1+w2-w1)
-(1-w1)
w3
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
-4.5612
-0.2008
0.1365
3.6255
4.5612
-0.9357
-3.6255
0.2008
-0.0643
-0.1365
C12
0
C22
0
C32
0
C42
0
C52
0
C62
-4.5611536 4.561154
B' =
C5
C6
C7
-w3
(w3-w1)
w2
-w2
-w1
-(w3-w1)
0
C72
15.4449
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65.7721
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.2401
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1825.85
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2711.28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1199.93
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
140.66
ci= -MiB'(BMiB')-1Bci
1
C4
0
0
-0.935697
-0.2007655
0.200765
-0.064303
0.1364622
-0.136462
3.6254569 -3.625457
-15.4449
299.99665 -299.9967
-MiB'=
0.224661
366.5682
-366.5682
174.3446
-163.74497
163.745
15.4449
0
0
0 -0.224661
-366.5682
0 366.5682
0 -174.3446
0
-163.745
509.95532 -509.9553
3328.536
0.038921
(BMiB') =
-3217.152 -95.93923
-3217.1518 3217.362
-95.939225
-1
-299.99665 299.9967
163.74497
BMiB'=
-509.95532 509.9553
MiB'=
0
107.1502
0.038918 0.034849
-0.09248
0.000683
-MiB'(BMiB')-1=
6.0753
7.067113
Bci=
-6.4654547
0.5033859
(7 x 3) * (3 x 1) = ( 7 x 1)
-0.04
-MiB'(BMiB') Bci=
0.60
0.00
-1.62
1.25
0.72
-1.02
-1
C(e)
3.93
8.11
0.49
42.73
52.07
34.64
11.86
C(c )
3.89
8.71
0.49
41.11
53.32
35.36
10.84
Funcin Objetivo
( c^ i c i )=
'
( c^ i c i ) =
-0.043
0.603
0.000
-1.616
1.250
0.722
-1.025
-0.04267 0.60291 0.00017 -1.6161 1.25037 0.72193 -1.0249
Mi-1 = 0.06475
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0152
0
0
0
0
0
0 4.16493
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00055
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00037
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00083
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.00711
-0.0028
0.0092
0.0007
M-1*(C(c )-C) = -0.0009
0.0005
0.0006
-0.0073
Resultados finales
w1 =
0.0643
w2 =
3.6255
w3 =
0.2008
Valores de
constantes
calculadas
ROCESOS
URGICOS
C 4 =0
Circuito rougher
Conc. Scv
Rel. CL.
Feed (f)
Feed
Rel.Ro
Conc Ro
Feed
Ensayes qumicos
%Cu
%Fe
%Zn
0.36
13.07
11.74
0.98
14.75
34.87
0.14
11.26
3.93
0.29
12.45
9.40
0.59
15.41
8.29
1.04
14.19
42.26
0.61
15.36
9.70
Contenido Metalico
Cu
Fe
Zn
0.006
0.224
0.201
0.001
0.008
0.020
0.001
0.113
0.039
0.008
0.345
0.261
0.016
0.409
0.220
0.001
0.016
0.049
0.017
0.426
0.269
Ensayes qumicos
%Cu
%Fe
%Zn
0.592
15.410
8.288
0.358
13.066
11.745
0.118
13.010
0.424
0.273
13.046
7.731
Contenido Metalico
Cu
Fe
Zn
0.0157
0.4094
0.2202
0.0061
0.2240
0.2014
0.0011
0.1226
0.0040
0.0073
0.3466
0.2054
Peso
0.115
0.058
0.057
0.115
Ensayes qumicos
%Cu
%Fe
1.044
14.191
0.616
14.778
0.979
14.749
0.796
14.764
%Zn
42.260
52.307
34.873
43.671
Contenido Metalico
Cu
Fe
Zn
0.0012
0.0163
0.0486
0.0004
0.0086
0.0303
0.0006
0.0084
0.0199
0.0009
0.0170
0.0502
Peso
1.000
0.058
0.942
1.000
Ensayes qumicos
%Cu
%Fe
%Zn
0.138
11.256
3.932
0.616
14.778
52.307
0.118
13.010
0.424
0.147
13.113
3.434
Contenido Metalico
Cu
Fe
Zn
0.0014
0.1126
0.0393
0.0004
0.0086
0.0303
0.0011
0.1226
0.0040
0.0015
0.1311
0.0343
Peso
1.715
0.057
1.000
2.772
2.657
0.115
2.772
Circuito scavenger
Relave Ro
Conc.Scv
Rel. Scv
Rel. Ro
Peso
2.657
1.715
0.942
2.657
Circuito scavenger
Conc. Ro
Conc Final
Rel. Cleaner
Conc. Ro (C )
Balance total
Cabeza
Conc Final
Rel. Final
Cabeza (c )
% Distribucin
Cu
Fe
Zn
94.00
85.84
114.51
24.28
6.54
88.36
75.72
93.46
11.64
100.00
100.00
100.00