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Ans1:D

Cryolite is added as an impurity to the electrolyte. The cryolite, lowers the


melting point of alluminium oxide to 980. The rule is as it is for all impurities
they lower the melting point and raise the boiling point, so the reduction of
the melting point allows the alluminium to melt at lower temperatures,
making electrolysis work at lower temperatures, hence requires lesser
energy, making the process cheaper, and more cost effective
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====================================Ans2:A
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O
(-3)---------------->(+2)
3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO
(+4)--------->(+5)
2NO + O2 2NO2
(+2)----------->((+4)

4NH3 + 6NO 5N2 + 6H2O


(-3)--------->0
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====================================Ans5:C
the correct answer is C as eventually reactants will get used up and the rate will decrease.
Explanation:

Rate of reaction is slow at the start of reaction (absence of catalyst)


Rate of reaction increases as concentration of product increases (presence of
catalyst).
Rate of reaction decrease eventually because the concentration of reactants
decrease to very low levels. therefore C represent that curve.

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====================================Ans6:D
At higher temperature The activation energy remains the same, but more
particles have this required activation energy, and therefore the reaction
proceeds at a faster rate.
-10>-20

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====================================Ans7:B
the answer for your question is B because it doesnot involve any breaking of
bonds its only two reactive free radicals joining together in a termination
step.
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====================================Ans8:D the dense
gas have heavier Mr
.multiplied the percentage of each gas by it's molar mass
overall Mr of "D" is higher. you can calculate it like this:
[82.3%(2)+15.2%(4)+2.3%(16) ]/100=2.62

the average Mr of all others is less. you can check it.

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====================================Ans9:A
a change in the number of moles of N2 must be accompanied by a change in the number of moles
of H2 and NH3.

N2 + 3H2 <=> 2NH3


Initial Mols: 2.00 6.00 2.40
Equilibrium: 2.32 ,6.00 + x, 2.40 - 2x
So x= - 0.32, then that means the equilibrium mols for H2 is 6.32 and NH3 is
1.76
The equilibrium moves to the LHS.
You are correct that x = 0.32, which means that hydrogen in creases by 3 x
0.32 = 0.96, so the equilibrium moles of hydrogen = 6.96
ntial N2 = 2
initial H2 = 6
initial NH3 = 2.4
equil N2 = 2.32 meaning 0.32 change
From stoichiometry 2 NH3 --> 1N2 and 3H2
Therefore 2.4 NH3 is now 2.4 - 0.64 = 1.76 at equilib.
So equilib concentrations are
N2 = 2.32
H2 = 6 + 0.96 = 6.96 (from 3x0.32)
NH3 = 1.76
So the answer is A

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====================================Ans10:D

Na2O - Sodium Oxide


By mass ~ 74.2% Sodium
Oxygen 15.999 g/mol + 2X Sodium 22.990 g/mol (I.E.

45.98) =61.79

45.98/61.79 X 100=74.41
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====================================Ans12:D
Without the argon, strontium oxide would form in the air.as argon provide
inert environment without it it ll ignite in air

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====================================Ans13:A
Of the four metals given, only barium will react with water and has an insoluble sulfate.

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====================================Ans16:C
1.change in oxidation number of sulfur=6-6 =0

2.change in oxidation number of sulfur=6-4 =2

3.change in oxidation number of sulfur=6-(- 2)=8

0,2,8= ans C
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====================================Ans17:D
MgOH is basic, so the ammonium chloride neutralizes it, since it's acidic.
Mg(OH)2 is a base and it will react with an acid
It will not react with NaCl as it is a salt not an acid
It reacts with NH4Cl because it acts as an acid because NH4+ ion donates a
proton (Bronsted Lowry acid)
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====================================Ans18:C
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====================================Ans19:D

Si,P,Cl
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====================================Ans20:B

By convention an aldehyde group is usually represented as -CHO.


Acetaldehyde and ethanol react to produce a hemi-acetal.
CH3CHO + CH3CH2OH -------------> CH3CH(OH)OCH2CH3
the second step. When CH3CHO converts to CH3CH(OH)OCH2CH3.
Aldehydes and Ketones go through Nucleophillic Addition so Neuclophillic
addition is involved.
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====================================Ans21:C
A.chlorine gas with propene gas in the dark (nothiung happens)
B. will give NO REACTION
C. Propan-1-ol + phosphorus pentachloride Chloropropane + Phosphoryl
chloride + hydrogen chloride

CH3CH2CH2OH + PCl5 CH3CH2CH2Cl + POCl3 + HCl


is correct, the desired compound is the sole product.
D. propene will have very little reaction with aqueous HCl, and it would give 2chloropropane.
If HCl adds to an unsymmetrical alkene like propene, there are two possible
ways it could add. However, in practice, there is only one major product.

Tis is in line with Markovnikov's Rule which says:


When a compound HX is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen
becomes attached to the carbon with the most hydrogens attached to it

already.

In this case, the hydrogen becomes attached to the CH2 group, because the
CH2 group has more hydrogens than the CH group.

Notice that only the hydrogens directly attached to the carbon atoms at
either end of the double bond count. The ones in the CH3 group are totally
irrelevant.

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====================================Ans22:C

a C=C double bond is not oxidised by H+/Cr2O7 2cis-3-Hexen-1-ol has a primary hydroxl group therefore product is carboxylic
acid
CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CO2H

use of H /MnO4 under varying conditions acts C=C bond

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====================================Ans23:B
1.CH3CHCl CH3

2.

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====================================Ans24:A

attack by a nucleophile(-OH) on a carbon atom with a partial positive charge

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====================================Ans25:B
Butan-2-ol is a good example of this, with no less than three different
alkenes being formed when it is dehydrated.
Dehydration of butan-2-ol leads to a mixture containing:

1.but-1-ene
2.cis-but-2-ene (also known as (Z)-but-2-ene)
3.trans-but-2-ene (also known as (E)-but-2-ene)
The dehydration of butan-2-ol

The first two stages


In the first stage, the alcohol is protonated by picking up a hydrogen ion from
the sulphuric acid.

In the second stage, the positive ion then sheds a water molecule and
produces a carbocation.

The complication arises in the next step. When the carbocation loses a
hydrogen ion, where is it going to come from?

Where does the hydrogen get removed from?


So that a double bond can form, it will have to come from one of the carbons
next door to the one with the positive charge.

If a hydrogen ion is lost from the CH3 group

But-1-ene is formed.

If a hydrogen ion is lost from the CH2 group

This time the product is but-2-ene, CH3CH=CHCH3.


In fact the situation is even more complicated than it looks, because but-2ene exhibits geometric isomerism. You get a mixture of two isomers formed cis-but-2-ene and trans-but-2-ene.

Cis-but-2-ene is also known as (Z)-but-2-ene; trans-but-2-ene is also known as


(E)-but-2-ene. For an explanation of the two ways of naming these two
compounds, follow the link in the box below.
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====================================Ans26:B

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====================================Ans27:C
Concentrated phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4, can be used instead.
The dehydration of ethanol
Ethanol can be dehydrated to give ethene by heating it with an excess of
concentrated sulphuric acid or Concentrated phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4at
about 170C.

CH3CH2CH2CHO + Tollens reagent


do gets oxidised

CH3CH2CH2CHO= is an aldehyde which

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====================================Ans28:B
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====================================Ans29:D
the two carboxylic acids would react with sodium hydroxide to give salts. However
the two esters would be hydrolysed, giving an alcohol and a sodium salt of a
carboxylic acid in each case.

carboxylic acids react with aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH),


sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to form
salts:
RCOOH + NaOH(aq) RCOONa+(aq) + H2O

are the 2 carboxylic acids. The rest two are esters.

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====================================Ans30:A
Addition Polymerization of alkene involves breaking its pi-bond, forming a
new sigma bond.
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====================================Ans31:A
Ar is neutral therefore # of electron = 18

and its neutron=38-18=20

ca++ is a cation(cats have paws, cations have a "pawsitive" charge.)


therefore # of electron = 20-2=18
and its neutron=40-20=20
K+ therefore # of electron = 19-1=18

and its neutron=39-19=20

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====================================Ans32:C
key word

BOTH

A statement is wrong as both N no empt 2p shell empty


so ans =C frm logic
The period# indicates the value of principal quantum number# for the
valence shell.
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====================================Ans33:C
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====================================Ans34:A
1.Equilibrium constants aren't changed if you change the concentrations of

things present in the equilibrium. The only thing that changes an equilibrium
constant is a change of temperature.
3.An increase in temperature will not change the activation energy of the reaction

1n 3 correct so A
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====================================Ans35:A
coordinate covalent bond

ionic bond betweenNH4+ and O-

c-o bond covalent


so ans=A
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====================================Ans36:B
Various precipitates may be formed from the reaction between the silver and
halide ions:

AgI precipitate is insoluble in ammonia solution of any concentration.


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Several methods exist for the preparation of alcohols in the laboratory.
hydrolysis of a bromoalkane with NaOH(aq)
Primary alkyl halides react with aqueous NaOH or KOH mainly to primary
alcohols in nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. (Secondary and especially
tertiary alkyl halides will give the elimination (alkene) product instead.
reduction of a ketone with NaBH4
Aldehydes or ketones are reduced with sodium borohydride or lithium
aluminium hydride (after an acidic workup).
Alkenes engage in an acid catalysed hydration reaction using concentrated
sulfuric acid as a catalyst which gives usually secondary or tertiary alcohols.
The hydroboration-oxidation and reduction of alkenes are more reliable in
organic synthesis.
Grignard reagents react with carbonyl groups to secondary and tertiary
alcohols
Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation is the asymmetric reduction of -ketoesters
The formation of a secondary alcohol via reduction and hydration is shown:

Preparation of a secondary alcohol

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====================================Ans40: D
Hydrogen cyanide adds to the carbonyl groups of aldehydes and most
ketones to form compounds called cyanohydrins. (Ketones in which the
carbonyl group is highly hindered do not undergo this reaction.)
A chirality center is a tetrahedral carbon atom that is bonded to four different
groups.
1.the product of butanal: the first carbon atom will have a hydroxyl group, a

cyanide group,a hydrogen and a propyl group.so it is bonded to four different


groups . so it contains a chiral center.
2.the product of 3-pentanone: the third carbon(which is bonded to oxygen)
will have a hydroxyl group, a cyanide group and TWO ethyl groups.so it has
two same groups and it doesn't have a chiral center.
3. the product of 2-chlorobutane: the carbon atom that was bonded to Cl , will
have a cyanide group,a methyl group, an ethyl group and a hydrogen . so it
has a chiral center.

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