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ISSN 0366-3272
PALABRAS CLAVE: Inventario, Sustrato blando, Macrofauna bentnica, Ensenada de San Simn, Ra de Vigo, Espaa
KEY WORDS: Check-list, Soft bottoms, Benthic macrofauna, Ensenada de San Simn, Ria de Vigo, Spain
RESUMEN
Se aporta el inventario de los invertebrados bentnicos encontrados en los fondos intermareales y submareales de la Ensenada de San Simn, situada en el interior de la Ra de Vigo (Galicia). Los fondos blandos de dicha ensenada se muestrearon durante 1999. El cultivo del mejilln sobre batea es una prctica muy arraigada en la zona, de naturaleza fangosa y sometida a significativas fluctuaciones de salinidad debido a la desembocadura de varios canales de agua dulce. Adems, praderas de las
fanergamas marinas Zostera marina L. y Z. noltii Hornem. caracterizan el interior de la ensenada. Se han contabilizado un total
de 379 taxones, pertenecientes a 12 filos. La mayor riqueza de especies la muestran los anlidos (134 taxones), artrpodos (133)
y moluscos (73).
ABSTRACT
Species appearing in the macrobenthic study of the Ensenada de San Simn (located in the inner Ra de Vigo, north-western
Spain) are cited. The intertidal and subtidal soft-bottoms of this inlet were sampled during 1999 (Fig. 1). Culture of mussels on
rafts is a common practice in large areas of the mouth of the inlet.
Soft-bottoms of this inlet are mainly muddy with high organic matter content. Sandy sediments are present in tidal channels
in the inner inlet where low content of total organic matter was also found. Intertidal and shallow subtidal areas have Zostera noltii
Hornem. 1832 and Zostera marina L. meadows. Large freshwater input occurs in the innermost part of the inlet which translates
into fluctuations of salinity on both a tidal and seasonal basis. Areas around the outer part of the inlet have muddy sands.
Samples were taken at each site, by means of a van Veen grab. Samples were sieved through 0.5 mm mesh and the retained
material was fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Fauna was sorted from the sediment and preserved in 70% ethanol. Temperature and
pH were measured in situ from water and sedimentary samples taken from each site. An additional sedimentary sample was taken
at each site for grain-size analyses and to determine content of calcium carbonate and total organic matter (Table 1).
Sampling yielded 379 taxa, of which 7 were Cnidarians, 3 Platyhelminthes, 4 Nemertins, 1 Nematod, 134 Annelids (5
oligochaetes and 129 polychaetes), 3 Sipunculids, 133 Arthropods, (11 ostracods, 5 copepods, 109 malacostraceans, 2 insects, 3
aracnids, 3 picnogonids), 73 Molluscs (3 chitons, 1 scaphopod, 37 gastropods, 32 bivalves), 1 Phoronid, 11 Echinoideans, 3
Chaetognaths and 6 Chordates (3 ascideans and 3 osteichthyes). A complete check list is presented with the species name with
author and date, and the number of the site where it appeared.
The polychaetes dominated in 20 sites according to the number of species. Sites situated in the deeper area showed the largest
number of polychaete species. The intertidal zone was colonized by large numbers of crustacean species. The polychaete families
Syllidae, Spionidae and Phyllodocidae showed the largest number of species, Syllidae appearing mostly in outer areas. Some
species of Spionidae, such as Polydora ciliata or Streblospio shrubsolii, showed higher densities in the sandy inner bottoms, while
others, as Prionospio pulchra, showed preference by the external part. Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata is an ubiquitous species,
appearing along the inlet.
Among molluscs, the piramidellid gastropods showed the higher species richness (6 species). Amphipod is the crustacean
order with higher number of species (60), appearing mostly in outer muddy bottoms, with the exception of some cases (Melita
palmata, Leptocheirus pilosus, Corophium acherusicum, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa or Carcinus maenas).
In Table I, we can see that the number of species increase from the intertidal areas towards the outer part of the inlet, with
more than 10 m depth. The inner sediments are likely to be subjected to changes in salinity, temperature and desiccation levels due
to their intertidal character and the freshwater input from several rivers (VILAS et al., 1995).
Seagrass meadows are known to provide a complex habitat that may be colonized by many species (ORTH, 1977; PETERSON
et al., 1984; SOMERSFIELD et al., 2002). In Ensenada de San Simn, however, these meadows are located in areas subjected to
changes in salinity which is a major limiting factor for many species (KIKUCHI, 1987; PLANAS & MORA, 1987; JUNOY, 1996). In
fact, PLANAS & MORA (1987) indicated the dominance of eurihaline species in estuarine communities, which are submitted to great
changes in physical conditions. The highest values of number of species were found in the mouth of the inlet. These subtidal sediments show more stable conditions in terms of salinity and hydrodynamics (NOMBELA et al., 1987). The sites with the smallest
number of species were muddy bottoms close to the mouth of freshwater channels and the main harbour in the inlet. Thus, it may
be suspected that fluctuations in salinity coupled with effects of human activities, such as organic enrichment and disposal sewage,
may be responsible for the scarce macrobenthic fauna.
Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Sec. Biol., 103 (1-4), 2009.
104
In general, species observed in Ensenada de San Simn were similar to those described by A NADN (1980) and LPEZ-JAMAR
& CAL (1990) for the Ra de Vigo, by LPEZ-JAMAR (1978), RODRGUEZ-CASTELO & MORA (1984) and MORA et al. (1982) for Pontevedra, by LPEZ-JAMAR (1981) for the Ra de Muros, by MORA (1980) and LPEZ-JAMAR (1982) for the Ra de Arousa, by LPEZJAMAR & MEJUTO (1986) and PARRA & LPEZ-JAMAR (1997) for the Ra de A Corua and for OLABARRIA (1995) for the Ensenada
de O Bao (Ra de Ferrol).
1.
INTRODUCCIN
La macrofauna bentnica de las costas ibricas y gallegas ha sido estudiada tanto desde el
punto de vista ecolgico como faunstico. Al ser
considerada buena indicadora de las condiciones
de los fondos marinos (GRALL & GLMAREC,
1997), su conocimiento es de gran utilidad a la
hora de conocer su estado y gestionarlos. Las ras,
sistemas estuarinos particulares y caractersticos
de las costas gallegas, han sido especialmente
estudiadas (LPEZ-JAMAR, 1978, 1981; ANADN,
1980; MORA, 1982; VIITEZ & LPEZ-COTELO,
1982; LPEZ-JAMAR & MEJUTO, 1985; LPEZJAMAR & CAL, 1990; MAZ et al., 1990; CURRS
& MORA, 1991; JUNOY, 1996; OLABARRIA et al.,
1998; TRONCOSO et al., 2005; MOREIRA et al.,
2005) gracias a su gran importancia econmica y
social, ya que estn asociadas a pesqueras, cultivo de bivalvos en bateas y otros recursos marisqueros. A pesar de los estudios realizados en la
Ensenada de San Simn (NOMBELA et al., 1995;
FERNNDEZ RODRGUEZ et al., 1997; LVAREZIGLESIAS et al., 2003), situada en el interior de la
Ra de Vigo, pocos investigadores han analizado
su fauna bentnica, desconocindose su composicin y la distribucin de sus comunidades. Consecuentemente, es necesario un estudio de esta fauna
para llevar a cabo una correcta gestin de la ensenada, particularmente desde que ha sido incluida en
la Red Natura 2000 como figura a proteger. En el
presente trabajo se citan las especies macrofaunsticas encontradas en los fondos blandos intermareales y submareales de la Ensenada de San Simn.
2.
MATERIAL Y MTODOS
105
Tabla-I.Profundidad de las estaciones durante el muestreo (m), considerndose intermareales las estaciones de profundidad inferior a 2 m. Se indican las caractersticas del agua (a) y de los sedimentos (s): (pH y Temperatura en C), Mediana (Q50 en mm),
Fracciones granulomtricas (Grava, Arena y Limo/Arcilla en %), Tipo de fondo (F, Fango, FA, Fango arenoso, AF, Arena fangosa, AG, Arena gruesa, AMG, Arena muy gruesa), MO, Contenido en Materia orgnica en % y CO, Contenido en Carbonatos
en %. S, nmero de especies.
Depth of the water column during the sampling (m), being intertidal those sites > 2 m. Water (a) and sediment (s)
characteristics: pH, Temperature (C), Median grain size (Q50, mm), Granulometric fractions (Gravel, Sand and Silt/Clay, %),
Bottom type (F, Mud, FA, Sandy mud, AF, Muddy sand, AG, Coarse sand, AMG, Very coarse sand), MO, Organic matter
content (%) and CO, Carbonate content (%). S, Number of species.
Estacin
Prof
Ta
pHa
Ts
pHs
Q50
Grava
Arena
Limo
Arcilla
Tipo
MO
CO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.6
3.4
3.2
2.9
2.9
3.6
3.8
3.5
4.6
1.8
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.7
2.6
18
10.4
5.9
4.1
1.6
28.2
11.5
4.7
2
13.6
13.8
13.9
14.5
14.8
13.7
13.1
13.1
12.9
17.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
15.8
15.6
17.3
17.5
16.1
16.1
14.1
17.7
16.6
18.2
18.1
18
16.5
16.1
17.2
17
7.25
7.28
7.23
7.24
7.05
7.2
7.97
7.99
7.99
7.97
7.67
7.86
7.98
7.98
8
7.53
7.53
7.32
7.6
7.27
7.57
7.62
7.55
7.55
7.53
7.07
7.51
7.47
7.6
14.5
13.9
13.8
14.3
14.7
13.9
12.1
10.1
14.7
15
12.7
12.3
12.3
12.1
14.7
20.9
18.4
16
17.2
14.1
14.6
16.7
16.3
19.2
16.9
16.1
16.8
16.3
17
7.25
7.38
7.12
7.76
7.9
8
7.31
7.41
7.35
7
7.23
7.29
7.17
7.25
7.55
7.61
7.57
7.58
7.39
7.76
7.49
7.46
7.46
7.47
7.47
7.43
7.61
7.49
7.54
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.32
1.25
1.15
0.15
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.74
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
1.50
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.1
2.2
0.00
17.8
30.0
21.1
0.3
0.6
0.9
0.0
0.0
1.1
3.0
7.1
3.5
1.0
4.7
1.9
0.0
11.8
0.6
1.0
1.2
0.0
6.8
40.2
9.3
2.4
0.1
16.8
32.9
56.7
74.0
64.3
76.8
74.3
35.9
27.7
2.3
8.9
19.2
23.0
24.4
94.4
15.5
31.1
20.0
13.9
77.7
26.3
37.4
25.2
12.6
31.8
48.3
28.2
19.0
31.7
83.1
64.9
43.3
8.2
5.7
2.1
25.4
63.5
71.4
97.7
91.1
79.7
74.0
68.5
2.1
83.5
64.2
78.1
86.1
10.5
73.1
61.6
73.6
87.4
61.4
11.5
62.5
78.6
68.2
F
F
FA
AF
AF
AMG
FA
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
AG
F
F
F
F
AF
F
F
F
F
F
AF
F
F
F
26.5
23.30
19.05
2.16
4.90
0.95
3.95
10.88
18.12
36.93
26.50
19.93
23.00
19.78
1.00
21.47
18.93
15.20
21.05
1.80
19.50
12.98
22.17
21.42
23.72
7.22
10.60
22.32
14.33
5.52
5.60
6.12
6.00
7.33
11.98
6.31
5.80
4.28
4.28
4.81
2.12
2.36
2.28
8.35
4.53
5.90
4.52
4.53
4.85
4.61
5.51
5.40
4.07
5.47
40.46
8.61
4.61
4.45
34
39
44
46
46
33
69
56
62
46
36
33
42
122
61
91
96
70
98
73
133
163
108
34
63
174
152
56
14
Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Sec. Biol., 103 (1-4), 2009.
106
RESULTADOS
107
108
Eumida cf. bahusiensis Bergstrm, 1914
St: 17
Eumida sanguinea (Oersted, 1843)
St: 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27
Paranaitis kosteriensis (Malmgren, 1867)
St: 14, 19, 22, 26
Phyllodoce lineata (Claparde, 1870)
St: 18, 21, 22, 26, 27
Phyllodoce cf. longipes Kinberg, 1866
St: 14, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27
Phyllodoce mucosa Oersted, 1843
St: 5, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 24, 25, 26, 29
Phyllodoce rosea (McIntosh, 1877)
St: 27
Pseudomystides limbata (Saint-Joseph, 1888)
St: 14
Familia Polynoidae Malmgren, 1867
Harmothoe sp.1
St: 19
Harmothoe sp.2
St: 21
Harmothoe sp.3
St: 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27
Familia Pholoidae Kimberg, 1858
Pholoe synophthalmica Claparde, 1868
St: 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27
Familia Hesionidae Sars, 1862
Microphthalmus pseudoaberrans Campoy y Viitez,
1982
St: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8
Ophiodromus flexuosus (Chiaje, 1825)
St: 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27
Ophiodromus cf. pelagica Rioja, 1923
St: 26
Podarkeopsis capensis (Day, 1963)
St: 22
Syllidia armata Quatrefages, 1865
St: 21, 22, 26, 27
Familia Pilargiidae Saint-Joseph, 1899
Ancistrosyllis groenlandica McIntosh, 1879
St: 18
Pilargis verrucosa Saint-Joseph, 1899
St: 23
Familia Syllidae Grube, 1850
Syllidae genera et sp ind.
St: 26
Myrianida sp.
St: 23
Myrianida cf. edwardsi (Saint-Joseph, 1887)
St: 4, 10, 26
Parexogone hebes (Webster y Benedict, 1884)
St: 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 29
Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Sec. Biol., 103 (1-4), 2009.
109
110
Familia Spirorbidae Pillai, 1970
Janua pagenstecheri (Quatrefages, 1865)
St: 10, 20
ORDEN PROTODRILIDA
CLASE COPEPODA
ORDEN HARPACTICOIDA
Harpacticoida familia et genera ind. spp.
St: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28
Aurila sp.
St: 5, 8, 9, 11, 17
111
112
113
114
CLASE GASTROPODA
Gastropoda familia et genera sp ind.
St: 18, 19, 23
SUBCLASE PROSOBRANCHIA
ORDEN ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Familia Tricoliidae Woodring, 1928
Tricolia pullus (Linneo, 1758)
St: 18
ORDEN CAENOGASTROPODA
Familia Littorinidae Gray, 1840
Littorina littorea (Linneo, 1758)
St: 15
Familia Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)
St: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17,
20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29
115
Limapontia sp.
St: 2, 6, 14, 15, 22
CLASE BIVALVIA
116
Familia Phoronidae
Familia Gobiesocidae
Familia Syngnathidae
Syngnathus sp.
St: 3
ORDEN PERCIFORMES
Familia Gobiidae
Pomatochistus sp.
St: 7
DISCUSIN
117
118
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