7300 ASAM Detail Guide

A7300 ASAM
During class please switch off your mobile, pager or other that may interrupt.
Course objectives:
The trainee will
Get an overview of the Alcatel implementation of the ADSL standard.
Get the principles off all boards used in an ASAM.
Get an overview of the Alcatel ASAM functionalities and features.
Get an introduction to the equipment layout.
Entry level requirements:
Intro to ADSL (IBCN0370)
=> general knowledge of ADSL technology
Suggested duration:
1 day (or 7 hours)
Normal class hours 08:30h => 12:00h
13:00h => 16:30h
This training document is based on the following Alcatel customer documentation of the Alcatel
ADSL central office equipment:
System description R4.2
3EC 17817 AAAA TQZZA
Unit Data sheets R4.2
3EC 17818 AAAA ACZZA
Hardware Installation procedure R4.2
3EC 17819 AAAA RJZZA
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2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved
This presention
must be read in the
powerpoint SLIDESHOW mode,
because it contains
a lot of
animation..
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Table of content
Access Network Architecture
Hardware Architecture
Hardware Evolution
Concepts & features
Release Feature List
Roadmap
ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of ADSL in an access network.

The overview also shows the different products involved in the world of Internet.
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE: Here the functionality of the different building blocks is
explained. Includes racks, shelfs and the different board types. SD- & HD-release independent.
HARDWARE EVOLUTION: In this chapter the layout and the possible hardware configurations
are explained. This part is release dependent (SD, HD & UD))
CONCEPTS: Gives an overview of the ASAM (ATM Subscriber Access Multiplexer)
functionality and features including:
Principle of data storage and software
Start-up principles
Alive polling
Permanent versus Switched Virtual Circuits (PVC ~ SVC)
QOS (Quality of Service)
CAC (Connection Admission Control)
Policing
...
RELEASE FEATURE LIST: Gives an overview of the features in the current releases.
ROADMAP: Gives an overview of the features in the future releases
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Access Network Architecture
ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of xDSL in an access network.

The overview also shows the different products involved in the world of Internet.
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Network Architecture - Products

ACSG
Analogue
AS (NB)
Modem
RADIUS
PSTN
LAN or FR
SMC
N-ISDN
BRI
ISP1
SNMP
RADIUS
NT
LAN or FR
ISP2
Internet
NMC
AS (BB)
SMC
GUI
SNMP
RADIUS
ISP3
ADSL
STM-1
SNMP
ATM
AWS
ANT
STM-1
ASAM
PSTN
Above network represents the Alcatel products for Access to the Internet and/or intranet. All
these products can be found in the lab of the Alcatel University Antwerp CID lab.
Looking at this network we can identify different areas
Top half: Narrow-Band Access

Network access through PSTN, either POTS or ISDN
Connect through dial-in procedure
POTS connection speed with today limitation of 56kbps downstream & 32kbps upstream
ISDN connection speed of n x 64kbps, typically 64kbps or 128kbps
Bottom half: Broad-Band Access

Network access through xDSL
Always-on principle
ADSL connection speed up to 8Mbps downstream & 900kbps upstream
Other xDSL technologies allow different and/or higher speeds
Left to right: Product ranges

Core, Edge, Access & CPE (see also next slide!)
Management:
Management of elements and services: AWS, SMC, NMC, ...
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Network Architecture - Product Ranges
ADSL
CPE
Access
Edge
Core
Inner Core
71xx/
72xx
73xx
74xx
76xx
77xx
SML
NML
EML
57xx
56xx
55xx
TMN
Numbering of Alcatel Carrier Internetworking Department (BND) products.

Every Alcatel product is identified by a 4 digit number, the first two digits specify the area where
this product is to be located (see also previous slide). The next 2 digits specify the final product.
The Alcatel ASAM or A7300 is located in the Access area.
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE): 71xx & 72xx

Access: 73xx
A7300: Alcatel ASAM
Edge: 74xx
A7410: Alcatel Access Server
Core: 76xx
A7670: Alcatel Routing Switch Platform
Inner: 77xx
A7770: Alcatel Routing Core Platform (Xantium)
EML: 55xx
A5523: Alcatel Next Generation ADSL Work Station (NG-AWS)
NML: 56xx
A5620: Alcatel Network Manager (formerly Newbridge 46020)
SML: 57xx
A5735: Alcatel Service Management Centre (SMC)
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Offering ADSL services
xDSL
H-ASAM
...
S-ASAM
Network interface
Subtending interface
Offering xDSL services to subscribers can be done either

directly - for subscribers located nearby the central office (up to apc. 6 km)
indirectly - for subscribers located further away from the central office (more then 6 km)
An ASAM is cascaded on another ASAM to which the subscriber can then connect
to. This cascading is also known as subtending.
In this situation the ASAM in the CO is called the Hub-ASAM or also H-ASAM. The
remote cascaded ASAM is then called the Subtending-ASAM or S-ASAM.
The subscriber connects his ADSL modem (ANT) to the ASAM ADSL interface via his
telephone cable (UTP) at home that also carries his POTS-signal.
H-ASAM
Hub ASAM
An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and also

feeding a set of S-ASAMs.
S-ASAM
Subtending ASAM
An ASAM connected to a H-ASAM.
T-ASAM
Standalone ASAM
An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and not

feeding any S-ASAMs.
CO-ASAM
Central office
ASAM
An ASAM whose equipment behaviour is suitable for a Central

Office environment.
R-ASAM
Remote ASAM
An ASAM whose equipment is reinforced to cope with street

cabinet conditions.
Mini-RAM
Mini-RAM
A small ASAM whose equipment is suitable for DLC

equipment. There are 2 versions of the Mini-RAM, SD and UD.
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Splittered ADSL
Splitter
ANT
ASAM
Also known as the central splitter set-up.

A Splitter is a device with three or more interfaces. One input and two or more outputs carrying a
possible frequency filtered version of the input signal. The splitter also take care of the complex
impedance problem when splitting a copper pair so that no unwanted reflections occur and
consequently unwanted attenuations.
The splitter is to be installed by the operator and depending of the local regulations this one can
even be located outhouse. More typically well find the central splitter immediately after the entry
of the UTP cable into the building.
After this point the subscriber is responsible for the in house cabling towards his ADSL modem. If
he likes to use his ADSL modem at different locations different cables need to be foreseen. It is
although possible to re-use existing in-house wiring.
This solution is not preferred by most operators as it expensive because of the needed
intervention of a technician for installation of the splitter. In most countries the end-user is not
allowed to intervene on the operators cable which he will do when cutting the cable for installation
of the splitter.
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Splitterless: true splitterless
ANT
ASAM
Also known as the true splitterless set-up.
It is possible to re-use existing in-house wiring. No interventions of the operator are necessary
Because of the splitter is not present this is not a preferred situation. Splitterless will have an
impact on the complete frequency spectrum (noise) and will cause the modem to go off line
when the telephone goes off-hook or on-hook.
Impedance changes of the line with off-hook and on-hook will cause the modem to go off-line
and re-synchronise. One of the situations during an off-hook is impedance decrease on the
copper pair and without a splitter the ADSL modem will also see this change on his ADSL
interface.
This set-up is not supported by Alcatel!
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Splitterless: distributed filter
ANT
ASAM
Also known as the distributed splitter set-up.
Again it is possible to re-use existing in-house wiring. No interventions of the operator are
necessary. The operator will provide with your modem a number of filters that you can plug into
your existing telephone sockets. You can then connect your telephone to this filter which also
protects your modem from line impedance changes because of an off-hook state of your
telephone. The splitter is in some cases actually a filter (above slide) and not a real splitter. This
is country depending as shown on the slide with different types.
This set-up is preferred by most operators as it is cheap because no intervention is needed by a

technician. The subscriber can install the splitters himself.
The subscriber can move his ADSL modem to what ever point in the house where he has a
phone socket. With the central splitter he was limited to his specific cable for the ADSL modem.
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Competitors for ADSL (1)
Mobile access technologies

Year
1990
Speed
9,6 kbps
Technology
GSM
1999
38,4 kbps
HSCSD
2000
114 kbps
GPRS
2001
384 kbps
EDGE
2002
2 Mbps
UMTS
For customers who

are constantly moving
GSM = Global System for Mobile communication

GPRS = General Packet Radio Service
HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data
EDGE = Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
UMTS = Universal Mobile Telephone Service
ADSL or any other xDSL technology limits you to a fixed location. Which for some circumstances
will not be an ideal solution.
Different technologies already exist or are in development for mobile access.

The most significant today is the UMTS, Universal Mobile Telephone Service, which gives you a
2Mbps in both directions.
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Competitors for ADSL (2)
Radiowave access technology

Year
199x
Speed
Technology
2 Mbps 155 Mbps LMDS
For customers who are

located at a fixed position
LMDS = Local Multipoint Distribution System
ADSL and other xDSL technologies make use of the existing copper wiring in the street. In some
places were no wiring is present a radio-wave connection might provide you with a solution.
Current technology LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution System, provides you with a bandwidth of
2Mbps up to 155Mbps bi-directional and is primarily for the business market.
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12
Connections through the access network
ISP
ATM
VP/VC
VP/VC
VP/VC
ASAM
AS (BB)
The Alcatel ASAM7300 is fully Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) based. This offers future
flexibility. The use of ATM as a transport mode allows the network operators and service
providers to upgrade the provided services and in most cases to do so without changing the
networking equipment.
On the user side ADSL is used to transport the ATM cells, because of this the subscriber is
supplied with an ATM connection from his ANT up to the service provider.
Each ATM connection is uniquely identified by its interface AND its VP/VC value. The VP/VC
value has only a local significance.
The A7300 ASAM supports Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC) and Switched Virtual Circuits
(SVC).
Multiple ATM-Forum Service categories (ASC) are currently supported on the A7300 ASAM being
Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR & nrt-VBR), Guaranteed Frame Rate (GFR)
and Unspecified Bit rate (UBR). It is possible to mix services on one xDSL line interface.
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Hardware Architecture
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE: Here the functionality of the different building blocks is

explained. Includes racks, shelfs and the different board types. SD-, HD- & UD-release
independent.
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ASAM product overview
ADSL (LT)
Multi-Standard ADSL (G.Lite + Full Rate)
ADSL over ISDN
H(ub)-ASAM: standard density or

high density
...
S(ubtending)-ASAM:
Remote or collocated
Standard ASAM (in CO)
mini-RAM (in CO or DLC)
Network interfaces (NT)

OC3/STM-1
DS3/E3
4xDS1/E1 IMA
Subtending interface (LT + NT):

4xDS1/E1 IMA
DS3/E3
The main functions of the ASAM are:

Multiplexing & de-multiplexing of ATM cells
Control (OAM) on ATM level
Network Termination (NT) functions
Terminal Adaptation (TA) functions
POTS splitter
Power supply
The NT provides the transport interface between the ASAM and the network transport. It takes
care of the physical layer and ATM layer functions.
The NT is available in versions that support network transport systems operating at SDH,SONET,
E3, T3 and n x E1 rates. The NT provides the necessary functions for operating and maintaining
the ASAM, including a local craft interface and local alarms.
Subtending is used when 1 or more remote ASAMs are connected to one HUB-ASAM. All these
subtended ASAMs will then use the same ATM network connection on the hub-ASAM. Some
restrictions apply as we will discuss later in this course.
The NT of a subtending ASAM supports maximum 4 x E1 or 4 x T1 (using Inverse Multiplexing of
ATM or IMA), E3 or T3 (R4.2+) and STM-1 or OC-3 (R4.2+).
You can subtend multiple levels from the hub-ASAM but more than 2 levels is not generally used.
Subtending is typically used for remote locations with a low number of subscribers.
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System dimensioning
Standard Density (SD)
4 lines / board
12 boards / shelf (30mm)
48 lines / shelf
3 shelves / rack
144 lines / rack
576 lines / ASAM
3W / line
2000 ATM connections
High density (HD)
12 lines / board
16 boards / shelf (25mm)
192 lines / shelf
2 shelves / rack
384 lines / rack
2304 lines / ASAM
1,6 W / line
6000 ATM connections
An ASAM consists out of one or two NT-boards (two for redundancy) and multiple LT-boards. All
these boards are inserted in the ASAM subracks (or shelfs) over different racks.
The NT boards must ALWAYS be inserted in the first subrack of the first rack.
An ASAM subrack is 21 inches wide, 300mm deep and is typically installed in a rack of 2,2m high.
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Basic rack layout
Top Rack Unit
Subrack
Fan Unit
Subrack
Fan Unit
The slide above indicates the position of the main parts and components of a rack.
The ASAM rack mechanically houses the following equipment:
1 Top Rack Unit (TRU), used to provide termination of the office power cabling and service
battery cabling, circuit breakers, fuses, summary alarm display, earth bonding, etc..
Subracks, the actual building blocks of the modular ADSL system; see next slide for more
information. Up to 2 subracks for HD or UD and up to 3 subracks for SD or UD fit in one 2,2m
rack.
Up to 2 or 3 fan units, each of which contains 4 fans; these units are designed for permanent
cooling and a fast replacement in case of defect (the power and alarm connections are
directly connected to the TRU) - due to the use of forced air cooling, a dust filter is required in
order to limit the dust coverage of the plugin units (this dust filter is replaceable)
Note that in case of cascading subracks, the network termination board (NT) should always be in
the top shelf of the first rack!
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Basic subrack layout
Splitter Boards
Line Boards
One shelf or subrack contains 2 main parts:

the upper part mainly holds the POTS splitter Boards (PSPC)
the lower part mainly holds the line boards (LT)
Other slots in the subrack are used for other/extra boards:
one or two network termination (NT) boards
an alarm control unit (ACU)
an extender board (ADSE)
a power I/O card (HD only)
a metallic test card (HD & UD only)
Number of some extra boards:
NT 1 or 2 for the entire ASAM
ACU 1 for each rack
ADSE 1 or 2 for each extra shelf
ASAM boards are discussed in more detail in the next chapter.
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Chaining racks and subracks
Network
Termination
Board
Extender
Cabling
Extender
Board
TOP RACK UNIT
TOP RACK UNIT
TOP RACK UNIT
TOP RACK UNIT
TOP RACK UNIT
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Splitter Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
Line Boards
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
The ASAM rack mechanically houses the following equipment:

a top rack unit (TRU), used to provide termination of the office power cabling and service
battery cabling, circuit breakers, fuses, summary alarm display, earth bonding, etc.
subracks, the actual building blocks of the modular ADSL system, the subrack holds all
cards/boards which are discussed in more detail in the next chapter
up to two fan units, each of which contains 4 fans; these units are designed for permanent
cooling and a fast replacement in case of default (the power and alarm connections are
directly connected to the TRU) - due to the use of forced air cooling, a dust filter is required in
order to limit the dust coverage of the plugin units (this dust filter is replaceable and most
commonly only in the lowest fan unit).
Note that in case of cascading subracks, the network termination board (NT) should always be in
the top shelf of the first rack!
In theory, one ASAM system can contain 12 subracks (one subrack can be expanded with up to
11 additional extension subracks). All subracks of one ASAM are chained together through the
extender board which is physically inserted in the position of the NT board. For the very first shelf
this extension is done directly on the NT board.
In case of a redundant set-up also 2 extender boards per subrack shall be used. The extension
cables are available in different lengths to suit specific customer demands.
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ASAM functional block diagram
ASAM internal architecture
NT board forms the heart

of the system
Extension via ADSE
Internal communication to
NT via the IQ-bus
IQ-bus of 155Mbps total
=> 8 bit parallel
Representing the ASAM internal architecture.

All main cards connect to the IQ-bus.
We can clearly see the function of an IQ bus within an ASAM:

Control and data communication between the NT and the LTs is made possible by the IQ bus. As
a bus, it is situated between the NT (or ADSE) and the LT boards (ADLT & E1LT). A redundant IQ
bus has been provided for backup protection purposes.
An IQ bus consists of the following pathways:
IQD pathway: for high-speed downstream data transfer of ATM cells;
IQU pathway: for high-speed upstream data transfer of ATM cells;
IQA pathway: for access control on the IQU bus.
The IQD & IQU pathways transport ATM cells, a dummy byte is added to the ATM cell to allow
change over from one LT to another between cells. This dummy byte carries no valid data.
In the backplane, two IQ busses are foreseen for redundancy purposes. Each NT is connected to
one IQ bus. In case the IQ bus fails, the redundant NT will be activated, and will use the other IQ
bus.
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The main boards in a more detailed view
A closer detailed look at each unit!
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Alcatel nomenclature
What is the hardware

version of a board ?
1) First we indicate the
board type :
SANT - xx Board
ADLT - xx Board
2) Then we indicate the

board version :
SANT - F Board
ADLT - E Board
The board type is SD release, HD release or UD release independent, although some boards
types are only available in a specific release.
The board version doesnt immediately tell you that it is SD, HD or UD as multiple hardware
versions can exist for the SD, HD or UD. Although most boards will only fit one specific hardware
shelf, for example an ADLT-L board can only fit in an UD shelf!
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The NT board
The SANT - xx board
GANT-xx
(motherboard) and
the SONI-xx
(daughterboard)
Interfacing between
internal bus ( IQ) and
STM-1 link
SW management of
all the ASAM boards
Fault management
Configuration
management
Contains FLASH (32
MB), RAM (32 MB)
and ROM memory
The mode of transport is determined by the type of NT board. The NT provides data to the main
subrack and to the extension subracks.
SANT-xx
E3NT-xx
D3NT-xx
E1NT-xx
STM-1 or OC-3 interface towards the ATM network

E3 interface towards the ATM network
DS3- or also T3-interface towards the ATM network
up to 4 E1 interfaces towards the ATM network
uses Inverse Multiplexing of ATM (IMA) techniques from 2 interfaces on.
The NT board performs the adaptation of ATM cells carried on the IQ bus to the digital
transmission system and vice versa. It also include the necessary functions for operating and
maintaining the ASAM.
The current NT-boards are a composition of 2 units, the GANT (Generic ATM NT) motherboard
and the PLIM (Physical Line Interface Module) daughterboard. For an optical Single Mode Fibre
(SMF) STM-1/OC-3 interface this PLIM is called a SONI-A module (SDH/ SONET Optical
Network Interface).
The SANT-F for a HD ASAM is an assembly of the GANT-B and the SONI-A.
The NT boards can be protected through a 1+1 redundancy mechanism as from R4.1. For the
optical interfaces (STM-1) both APS (Automatic Protection Switching) and EPS (Equipment
Protection Switching) will be available. For the electrical interfaces (E3) only EPS will be
supported.
For each NT-board different variants can be available like for
Operating distance: medium haul (SMF), long haul (SMF) and intra office (MMF)
Tropicalised: yes or no
Temperature range: extended (-40C to +85C) or commercial (0C to +70C)
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NT Hardware constraints
(because SD in front)
SANT-E
Module.
composition of GANT-A (for SD) and the SONI-A Physical Line Interface
SANT-F
Module.
composition of GANT-B (for HD) and the SONI-A Physical Line Interface
For HD, subtending links are restricted to a maximum of 288 E1 links (4xE1 IMA) and 192 links in
case of E3 or STM-1 subtending. The number of connections per subtending link is limited to
2000. An additional constraint is the total number of connections that can be supported by a hubASAM, currently 10,368.
For SD, subtending links are restricted to a maximum of 144 E1 links (4xE1 IMA) and 192 links in
case of E3 or STM-1 subtending. The number of connections per subtending link is limited to
900. An additional constraint is the total number of connections that can be supported by a hubASAM, currently 6480.
HD subtending (meaning a HD ASAM as subtended) is only from R4.2 and on.
Above constraints are all hardware constraints. Through software extra constraints can apply like
for example today (until at least R4.2) the maximum number of connections supported by a
SANT-F is 2592 connections.
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The SANC board (R4.2+)
The SANC - xx board
BITS itf. for NT units

LAN itf. for NT unit
For ASAM with
optical interface to
network
A SANC unit can be applied in a CO-ASAM or R-ASAM with a direct optical link (SDH) to
an ATM network. This ASAM can contain one or two optical NT units terminating the link.
In an NT-unit, the system clock can be locked on one pair of BITS signals(Building
Integrated Timing Supply). Via the front-panel, the SANC-C unit receives two pairs of
BITS input signals (primary and secondary), which are routed via the backplane to the
associated NT unit. The NT unit in slot A receives the primary BITS and the NT unit in
slot B receives the secondary BITS.
The SANC unit is provided with a LAN interface (10baseT) to allow outband management
of the ASAM.
In an ASAM subrack the SANC board is inserted in the NT I/O slot just above the NTA
slot.
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The PWRIO board
The PWRIO-xx board
power distribution
towards FANS
power distribution
towards subracks
EMC shielding
1. Battery supply voltage

Branch A
2. Battery supply voltage
Branch B
3. Battery return voltage
Is applied in a high density (HD) subrack of an ASAM (1 PWRIO board per subrack)
Provides the power interface between the Top Rack Unit (TRU) and the subrack and fan unit
Provides power filtering for the NT/LT Area
Has the Frame Ground (FG) connection via the housing of the fan backplane connector.
In an Ultra Density shelf this card is not used and the PWRIO unit is fixed on the backplane but
has the same functionalities as the PWRIO board described here.
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The ADLT board
The ADLT- xx Board
.
.
.
12
ADSL modulation
G.DMT, G.lite,
ANSI T1.413i2
ISDN
Auto-detect multi-mode
via G.hs
muxing of ATM cells from
and towards IQ bus
CAC & policing per line
Consumption=1,6 W per
line (HD)
Golden ATU-C
No flash memory
Data is loaded
from NT
An ADLT unit contains a number of independent line terminations (LT), supporting data traffic
for all of these. Each line termination allows bi-directional access to one customer over a single
conventional unshielded twisted pair (UTP), already in use for analogue plain old Telephone
service (POTS). At the subscriber this UTP cable is terminated by an ADSL Network Termination
unit (ANT).
On the CO side the ADLT is connected to the NT-unit via the IQ-bus. This NT can be any NTunit providing access to a transport network carrying ATM cells.
The modem part on the ADLT is compliant to following ADSL standards:
ANSI T1.413 Issue 2
ITU G992.1 Annex A (G.dmt)
ITU G992.2 Annex A (G.lite)
Can be installed in any of the LT slots of an ASAM subrack.
Can be hot inserted or hot extracted.
A different version exists for interfacing ADSL on an UTP already in use for ISDN (ADLT-K).
Operates within the extended temperature range (-40C to +85C).
One variant exists with tropicalisation.
Standard Density: 4 lines per board (ADLT-C, ADLT-E, )
High Density: 16 lines per board (ADLT-J, )
Ultra Density: 24 lines per board (ADLT-L, )
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The PSPC board
The PSPC- xx Board
Splits the POTS spectrum from the

ADSL spectrum
Exists in a wide range of
impedances (Real, Complex, )
Can be passive or active (ISDN)
Special version for ISDN due to
different spectrum.
Via relays interface to Test / Spare
bus for metallic test or LT N+1
redundancy
The PSPC unit is a low pass filter (LPF) that passes the analogue POTS signal and rejects the
modulated the ADSL signal.
Note: The PSPC unit houses the LPF only, the High Pass Filter (HPF) is located on the ADLT
unit!
Bypass relays can be provided on the board (HD & UD versions only) to allow metallic testing
from the PSTN exchange, spare relays are provided to deviate the ADSL interface towards a
spare bus for N+1 redundancy purposes or metallic testing. The metallic test access is provided
through the TSAP-A board inserted in the TST I/O slot.
A different version exists for interfacing an UTP already in use for ISDN (PSPC-G4).
For each hardware version different splitter cards are used, it is to say a high density (HD)
PSPC board can not be inserted in an ultra density (UD) shelf although they have the same
dimensions.
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Spectrum Vs. Full / Lite / ISDN

Total Bandwidth = 1.1 MHz = 255 Tones
Tone Spacing = 4.3 kHz
FULL
POTS
UP
29
DOWN
38
255
LITE
POTS
UP
29
DOWN
38
127
ISDN
UP
ISDN
29
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
48
DOWN
63
255
29
The CTAP board
The CTAP Board
Connects xDSL Line to

modem on LT board
Used when no POTS on
xDSL line (so no LP filter)
12 or 24 lines / board
Passive board
Optional relays to connect
lines to spare/test bus for
metallic test or LT N+1
redundancy
Cut-through applique boards are only available for high density and ultra density
hardware. Again here same dimensions for HD and UD but different boards. HD version
supports 12 lines where the UD version supports 24 lines.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
30
The SHLT board
The SHLT-xx Board
SHDSL modulation
ITU-T G991.2
Handshaking protocol
ITU-T G994.1
12 or 24 lines per board
muxing of ATM cells from and
towards IQ bus
CAC & policing per line
No flash memory
Data is loaded from NT
An SHLT unit contains a number of independent line terminations (LT), supporting traffic for all
of these. Each line termination allows bi-directional access to one customer over a single
conventional unshielded twisted pair (UTP).
Is applied in High Density (HD) and/or Ultra Density (UD) ASAM.
Provides 12 symmetric ports at line rates from 200 kbps to 2.312 Mbps in steps of 64 kbps.
Distances of up to approximately 6100 meters at 200 kbps can be covered without use of
repeaters. The actual distances covered depend on the quality and gauge of the twisted pairs and
the payload rate used.
The SHLT is connected to the NT-unit via the IQ-bus. This NT can be any NT-unit providing
access to a transport network carrying ATM cells.
The modem part on the SHLT is compliant to following standards:
ITU-T G991.2
Can be installed in any of the LT slots of an ASAM HD or UD subrack.
Can be hot inserted or hot extracted.
Operates within the extended temperature range (-40C to +85C).
High Density: 16 lines per board (SHLT-B) & Ultra Density: 24 lines per board (SHLT-A)
A variant exists on this board with the Inverse Multiplexing ATM (IMA) protocol included. This
allows us to connect multiple UTPs to one CPE or LT ATM interface. This board is the SMLT-A
for UD shelves and the SMLT-B for HD shelves.
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31
The ADSE board
Extends the IQ bus towards the next subracks
The ADSE Serial Extender Interfaces the extension subracks (containing an ADSE board) to
the main subrack (containing the NT board) and up to 11 additional subracks.
It terminates and regenerates the upper-extension and lower-extension interfaces, as well as
the local backplane interface signals. The upper-extension interface connects the ADSE with the
previous subrack, the lower-extension interface connects the ADSE with the next subrack.
The maximum cable length between any two sequential shelves along an extension daisy-chain
can not exceed more than 10 meters.
The total extension cable length along the daisychain shall not exceed 32 meters.
The following local backplane interface signals are terminated and regenerated:
Local IQ-bus interfaces
ACU serial control signals
Test & spare (for LT N+1 redundancy) bus
Special lines
For Standard Density (SD) the extension interfaces are located on the ADSE board.
For High Density (HD) and Ultra Density (UD) the extension interfaces are located on the
backplane.
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32
The AACU board
The AACU- xx Board
Central office alarms

Telemetry alarms
Rack (i.e., frames)
level alarms
AACU Operation and
Maintenance (OAM)
Ethernet Operations
System (OS)
interface (future)
CRAFT interface
(local management)
Provides the user interface via local craft terminal port. The local craft interface port on the front
panel of the AACU consists of a 9-pin DB9 interface connector (I.e., female pins & male shell)
configured as a Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) to communicate with a local Data
Terminal Equipment (DTE) craft terminal. (9k6, 8n1)
handles input and output alarm information via a cable connection to the Top Rack Unit (TRU):
20 input signals of which 10 are spare alarm inputs
20 output signals for audible, visual and telemetry alarms
Provides visual alarm indications via LEDs.
Provides an Ethernet port for future management purposes
Remote craft terminal port via the backplane (for HD only). This backplane interface is
configured as a DTE.
One AACU board is installed per ASAM rack.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
33
The E1LT board
The E1LT- xx Board
muxing of IQ bus cells

on PDH E1 links
towards subtending
ASAM
muxing ATM cells from
subtending ASAM
towards IQ bus
Uses ATM-forum IMA
protocol
The E1LT unit provides Line Termination in an ASAM subrack

On the upstream side, the E1LT is connected to an NT unit via the IQ-bus.
The E1LT adapts the ATM cells on the IQ-bus to and from the E1 digital transmission system.
On the downstream side, the E1LT provides electrical access to up to 4 interface at 2.048Mbps
in both directions. These interfaces are connecting to one or up to 4 Remote ASAM or Mini
Remote Access Multiplexer (mini-RAM). The E1LC is required to interface to the physical
medium.
The E1LT has two modes of operation on the provisioning of the port:
Direct mapped mode: The E1 signals are used as one up to four separate E1 links. Each of
these links is connected to the E1 Network Termination (E1NT) of a independent remote
ASAM.
Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) mode: The E1 signals are grouped. One up to four E1
links are connected to the E1NT unit of the same remote ASAM.
With IMA link protection is achieved. When one E1 link is down, the traffic isn t interrupted, but
the IMA group keeps active, using the remaining physical links.
3 IMA group modes are supported: IMA-1, IMA-2 and IMA-4
The E1LT units are located in the LT area of the subrack.
The redundant E1LC unit (E1LC*) for secured configuration is provided in a future release.
In case of a non-secured configuration, E1LT units can be installed in any of the 16LT slots.
In case of a secured configuration, the two E1LT units of a redundant pair must be installed in
one of the 8 cross-over slotpairs (1+1 redundancy) (slot 1&2, 3&4, 5&6, )
In case for an E1LT in a SD ASAM the E1LT is inserted in the odd slot positions (slot 1, 3, 5,
)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
34
The E1LC board
The E1LC- xx Board
physical interfacing
from E1LT towards
E1 links
4 connectors / board
exists in 120 Ohm
(UTP) or in 75 Ohm
(coax)
Provides E1 Line Combination in an CO ASAM subtending Remote ASAMs

Electrical connection between an E1LT unit and one up to four E1 links towards the subtending
ASAM(s)
Adaptation to the physical medium at E1 level, i.e. 120 or 75.
Front panel access to the four E1 links via four RJ45-(120) or eight minicoax (75)
connectors.
For a SD ASAM the E1LC only holds 2 E1 links so that two E1LC will be needed per E1LT.
The E1LC is inserted in the splitter area directly above the corresponding E1LT board.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
35
The E1NT board
The E1NT- xx Board
muxing of ATM cells

from PDH E1 links
towards IQ bus of
subtending ASAM
one board can mux up
to 12 ADLT boards
SW management &
configuration
management of
subtending ASAM
The E1NT provides Network Termination as discussed earlier

An E1NT-A placed can interface up to 12 ADLT boards. In a mini-Ram this is done via the
extension interface towards another mini-RAM.
An E1NT interfaces 1 up to 4 E1 ports using Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)
In the downstream direction, incoming data on the E1 ports is assembled into one single datastream of 2.048 up to 8.192 Mbps and subsequently transmitted onto the IQ Bus. Likewise, in the
upstream direction, data from a data-stream of up to 8.192 Mbps and coming from the IQ bus is
distributed over up to 4 E1 ports and transmitted using IMA.
In the event of an E1 outage (i.e. 8.192 Mbps using 4 E1 links with an E1 outage will revert to
6.144 Mbps over 3 E1 links). The IMA protocol will keep the end-to-end connection functional
when E1 links fail or are added.
The E1NT is inserted in the NT-board slot.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
36
The E1NC board
The E1NC- xx Board
physical interface
towards E1 NT
75 Ohm (coaxial)
8 x mini coax
120 Ohm (UTP)
4 x RJ45
ACU functionalitys
via MACU for miniRAM
For a mini-RAM this E1NC unit must be ordered with an Alarm Control Unit Module (MACU)
E1NC features:
Electrical connection between an E1NT unit and one up to four E1 links towards the H-ASAM.
Adaptation to the physical medium at E1 level, i.e. 120 or 75.
Front panel access to the four E1 links via four RJ45-(120) or eight minicoax (75)
connectors.
MACU features:
Provides the user interface via local craft terminal port on the mini-RAM control panel. The
local craft interface port of the AACU consists of a 9-pin DB9 interface connector configured as a
Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) to communicate with a local Data Terminal Equipment
(DTE) craft terminal. (9k6, 8n1)
Provides connections for accumulating alarms and drives relay contacts for status, this MACU
Flat-cable Interface Connector is located on the mini-Ram backplane (MBPA).
Provides visual alarm indications via LEDs.
Is installed in each Mini-RAM subrack containing an E1NT-xx unit.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
37
The E3NT board
The E3NT- xx Board
Terminates ATM network

link
muxing of ATM cells from
E3 link towards IQ bus of
(subtending SD) ASAM
SW management &
configuration management
of ASAM
Bitrate 34,368 Mbits/sec
(*) = redundant unit
The E3NT provides PDH E3 Network Termination

Provides electrical access with a bit rate of 34,368 Mbits/sec in both directions.
Provides traffic routing through the IQ-bus to the Line Interface modules (ADLT) in the ASAM.
Requires a NT I/O module, the E3NC unit, for adaptation to the physical medium cables.
Provides O&M functions for operating and maintaining the ASAM via AWS, Craft Terminal or
Ethernet (10BaseT)
Supports redundancy to provide Equipment Protection Switching (EPS).
The E3NT is inserted in the NT-board slot.
The E3NT-C for a HD or UD ASAM is an assembly of the GANT-B and the E3PL-B Physical
Line Interface Module (PLIM).
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
38
The E3NC board
The E3NC- xx Board
E3NC-C
physical interface
towards E3 NT
75 Ohm (coaxial)
BITS/SETS interface
LAN interface (HD)
-> HD
E3NC-A
-> SD
Provides termination of 2 x 75 unbalanced coaxial cables of the PDH E3 link

Provides interface with the E3NT unit(s) via the backplane.
Provides a BITS/SETS interface used for clock synchronisation
BITS : Building Integrated Timing System
SETS: Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
In the case of redundancy, combines/divides the signal from the redundant E3NT units into a
common E3 connection to the PDH network.
For a HD or UD combo ASAM the E3NC-C is inserted in the NT I/O slot.

For a SD ASAM the E3NC-A requires a mechanical support plus frontplate and is inserted in
the DS3 I/O slot on the backplane.
In a SD Mini-RAM shelf, the E3NC-A board is plugged into the D3NC slot. In this case the front
plate and the mechanical support are not required.
In a UD LT shelf this board is replaced by the E3ND-xx unit but has the same functionalities
and interfaces (E3, BITS and LAN) as the E3NC-xx board
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
39
The TSAP-xx board
The TSAP-xx Board
The Test Applique board

Inserted in TST I/O slot
Line testing interface
Front panel access via
female DB9 connector
Is applied in a HD or UD subrack of an ASAM (1 TSAP-xx board per subrack).

Is used to perform line testing on all the telephone lines in a high density subrack .
Front panel access to the ADSL spare lines of the TEST/SPARE bus (UPSTREAM TEST) .
Front panel access to the following subrack in a chain of subracks (DOWNSTREAM TEST).
Provides front panel access via two DB9 connectors.
Is installed in the TST I/O slot of the subrack.
This board allows to perform line tests on the telephone cables towards the customer. It is
possible to connect an external test equipment to all telephone lines in one subrack, it
concentrates the TEST/SPARE bus on the backplane to one TESTOUT interface on the front
panel.
All the telephone lines of a subrack are available at the LINE interface of the splitter (PSPC) units.
To test a line, the ADSL modem of the associated ADLT unit is disconnected. Therefore the spare
relays in the associated PSPC unit disconnect the ADSL interface and connect the LINE interface
to the TEST/SPARE bus. The TSAP unit then connects the appropriate spare line to the
TESTOUT connector on the front panel. Different versions available for HD or UD!
The TSAP unit allows the same test equipment to measure the lines of any following extending
subrack. It contains disconnect relays to control the connection between the TESTOUT
connector and the TESTIN connector.
During the measurement of a line in a subrack, the disconnect relays of the TSAP unit in that
particular subrack have to interrupt the downstream daisy chain. In each preceding subrack,
however, the disconnect relays have to keep their TESTOUT - TESTIN connection towards the
test equipment closed.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
40
The SPAP board
The SPAP-xx Board
The Spare Applique

board.
Inserted in last slot of the
HD or UD splitter area.
For LT N+1 redundancy.
Connects the spare LT
unit to the test/spare bus.
Is applied in a HD or UD subrack of an ASAM

Different versions available for a HD and UD shelf.
Per subrack one ADLT unit can be used as a spare for all the other ADLT units, it can take
over the LT function of any failing ADLT unit.
Has 12 or 24 relays to connects the spare ADLT unit (x12 or x24) to the TEST/SPARE bus.
Is installed in the slot above the spare ADLT unit.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
41
The Top Rack Unit (TRU)
The top rack unit
termination office - &

service battery power
termination of CO - &
telemetry alarms
fuses & cct. breakers
alarm display
Central off.
connector
AACU 1&2
connectors
Jumper
X12->X13
TRU-F
Jumper
X1->X11
The TRU consists of two important parts: the front panel and the connectors blocks.
The top rack unit contains a small board, the PBA-ATRU-F, located on the left.
Termination of the office power and service battery cabling
Termination of redundant office power cabling
Termination point for connection to the CO alarm system and telemetry alarm system
4 output circuit breakers ( 2 x A, 2 x B ), -20A each, for board protection
4 output circuit breakers ( 2 x A, 2 x B ), -4A each, for fan protection
5 fuses, 5A each, one for the service battery, four for the power cabling
Remark: The exact number of fuses and circuit breakers can differ from version to version
depending on the number of maximum shelfs installed in the rack!
Summary alarm display of minor, major and critical alarms

Power available indicators ( A & B )
Earth bonding point
The PBA-ATRU-F board performs a number of controls and functions of the ATRU-F. It
contains a number of connectors for different signals and a number of traps to set board
parameters.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
42
IP Server Card (R4.2+)
Single-board IP Server Card
Optional (E.g. precluded by regulations)
Linear extendable
Mix of both ATM and IP networking

scenarios supported
Main features and benefits
Ethernet interface (10/100BT)
More than an IP router : all features of

Broadband Access Server
Wide range of layer 2 protocols
Flexible addition of mature IP features
Scalability
ATM
xDSL
Ethernet,
FR, ATM,..
The IP gateway board (IPGW-xx) is applied in a HD/UD

Is an integration of the existing Alcatel Broadband Access Server (BAS) in the ASAM
It can only be inserted in a odd slot position and takes up 2 positions.
The card has one serial interface for local management on the board itself and four (4)
10/100Mbps Ethernet interfaces via an applique board (IPGS-xx)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
43
2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved15
The VALT-A board
The voice gateway board
Physical line termination
network synchronisation
V5.2 termination
Voice compression &

decompression + Echo
cancellation (G.168)
ATM/AAL2 packetisation &

depacketisation
IQ-bus access
Is a HD/UD unit applied in the ASAM with integrated VoDSL gateway or in the external
VoDSL gateway.
Physical connection and termination of 8 E1 lines to the PSTN network.
Terminates the V5.2 interface
Provides network synchronisation
Provides voice compression and decompression.
Provides echo cancellation in the upstream direction.
Provides the AAL2 packetisation and depacketisation.
Provides 3 frontpanel LED for Status indication. (ONLINE, ACTIVE & ALARM)
Provides a 10/100Mbps Ethernet interface via a RJ45 connector for software
download and debugging.
Provides a RS232 9 pin interface for TL1 management. (9600bps 8n1)
Is hardware equipped to provide 1+1 VALT redundancy.
Provides the IQ-Bus access.
Is installed in the line termination area of a high density subrack.
Requires the VALC-A unit to provides the connection to the V5.2 interface.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
44
Hardware Evolution
HARDWARE EVOLUTION: In this chapter the layout and the possible hardware configurations
are explained. This part is release dependent (SD & HD)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
45
Standard density dimensioning examples
Here well discuss the hardware configurations related to the standard density equipment.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
46
SD ASAM : Extension of subracks

maximum 576 lines
In theory, one ASAM system can contain 12 subracks (one subrack can be expanded with up to
11 additional extension subracks). Extending an ASAM up to 12 subracks is done through the
extension ports on the NT- and ADSE boards using the extension cables. The very first subrack
holds the NT board.
These extension cables are available in different lengths as indicated on the slide.
In this configuration, each rack of the ASAM system is a large rack (2200 mm) equipped with the
following items =>
One Top Rack Unit (TRU) , which is located at the top and comprises the following parts:
A power distribution unit feeding power to the equipment in that rack; an interface to the
CO/CEV alarm system;
An alarm interface to the equipment in the rack;
A physical display (5 LEDs) that indicates the alarm conditions of the rack.
One Alarm Control Unit (ACU) , located in the first subrack, to activate the alarm display in the
TRU and for fan and power supervision.
One or two Fan assembly(ies) for cooling the equipment of which the lowest fan assembly is
equipped with an additional dust filter.
The position of a subrack in the ASAM is identified by the Physical Location Identification
(PLID) jumpers on the backplane of the ASAM. More details can be found in the Hardware
installation procedure manual.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
47
SD ASAM subrack
STM-1 interfacing (48 lines)
The ADSL Line Termination shelf is physically partitioned into two sections. The lower section
provides mounting locations for two Network Termination (NT) units, up to 12 ADSL Line
Termination (ADLT) units and an ADSL Alarm Control Unit (ACU). The upper section of the LT
shelf houses the splitter boards and also contains the connectors for the MDF (Main Distribution
Frame) cabling.
The NT board provides the interface to the broadband network and also provides an interface to
the ADLT units via an ATM interface bus on the backplane, the IQ bus. The ADLT board provides
the central office line terminations for 4 ADSL subscriber lines. It connects via the back-plane
(BPA) to a Low Pass Filter unit (PSPC: Passive SPlitter Central office) directly above it in the
shelf. The filter unit provides the physical connections for four ADSL subscriber lines and also
provides connections to the narrowband exchange for each subscribers Plain Old Telephone
Service (POTS). These physical connections for the ADSL - and POTS lines are presented
through 4 connectors on the back-plane (BPA).
The first LT shelf in an equipment rack houses an ACU to collect fan alarms, control the ADSL
TRU and provide a 40-pin alarm output to the telemetry alarm collection system. If the rack
provides NT units in more than one shelf, an ACU is required for each additional shelf that houses
an NT unit. The ACU also provides the local Craft Terminal (CT) interface.
The back-plane provides the ATM interface (IQ) bus to interconnect NT and LT units. It provides
external interface connections for the NT, LT units and other rack equipment, as well as -48 V DC
or -60 VDC power distribution to all active units.
The features of all these cards are discussed in detail in the previous chapter!
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
48
How to configure SD subtending ?
Besides locally extending an ASAM via the extender boards, there is another method of
expanding the ADSL system!
Subtending allows to install new sites dependent from one original site. In release 3.x, only
subtending through 4 x E1 interfacing is allowed.
Connecting a subtended ASAM is through the E1LT & E1LC boards on the hub-ASAM (HASAM). Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter hardware architecture.
For a standard density H-ASAM the E1LT board is inserted in the odd LT slot positions (1, 3,
5,). For up to four E1 links we need two E1LC boards that physically connect to the E1LT in the
slot right below. For the E1LT able to communicate with the two E1LC boards a plug is inserted
on the back-plane of the ASAM (see slide). This is because a LT slot has only a physical
connection with the splitter board position right above.
Each E1 link can be used to connect a subtended ASAM or up to four ASAMs can connect to one
E1LT board. Up to four E1 links on one E1LT can be grouped using Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
(IMA) and connect to a single subtending ASAM. This group of E1 links is also called referred to
as an IMA-group.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
49
SD MiniRAM subtended via 4 * E1
Above slide is an example of a subtended mini-RAM. This mini-RAM (Remote Access

Multiplexer) terminates a maximum of 24 ADSL lines per shelf and provides essentially the same
functions as an ASAM, although with distinct packaging, powering and environmental
requirements. A mini-RAM has also a distinct LT - and splitter area as you can clearly distinguish
on the slide. Cards for the mini-RAM are equal to the cards of the Standard Density ASAM.
Note however that a regular ASAM can be used as subtending device as well! (see next slide)
A subtended ASAM is connected to a hub-ASAM (H-ASAM) through the E1NT - & E1NC boards.
Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter hardware architecture.
Their position in the mini-RAM is indicated in the figure above. Since there is no backplane
connection provided between the NT slot and the NC slot, a combiner cable has to be installed to
physically interconnect them.
The NC board also provides the necessary ACU functionality for alarm control through the MACU
unit (a daughter-board). With the extender port on the E1NT board you can extend up to 12
ADLT boards which is the limitation of an E1NT board.
The MDF cabling of the mini-RAM is performed behind the panel (indicated as Control Panel on
the slide). This panel also contains the alarm showing LEDs.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
50
SD ASAM subrack
SD subtended via 4 * E1
The figure above shows a Standard Density ASAM used at the subtending side.
A subtended ASAM is connected to a hub-ASAM (H-ASAM) through the E1NT - & E1NC boards.
Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter hardware architecture.
The E1NT fits into the regular NT slot and the E1NC board is placed in one of the two empty NEP
slots (Network Element Processor). No back-plane connection is provided between the two cards
so that also a combiner cable is needed here. Because of the larger physical separation of the
two boards, another type of combiner cable is used.
If all LT positions are used we have reached the limitation of the E1NT board (12 LT boards) and
no extension is possible!
Note that we do not need the ACU module (MACU) on the E1NC but that an ACU board is
inserted in the ACU slot and used for these functionalitys.
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51
SD 48 lines minirack
In some cases, customers like to install smaller sites, however not as small as the mini-RAM
capacity of 24 lines. Cascading two mini-RAMs is often not deemed very cost effective and an
ASAM on the other hand would be overkill.
In this particular situation, a more cost effective solution can be provided via the mini-rack: a
commercial stand-alone version of the 48 lines subrack. Sometimes, the mini-rack may help to fill
the gap (in terms of capacity) there is between the mini-RAM and the ASAM.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
52
SD MiniRAM
E3 interfacing
E3 interfacing in a mini-RAM is somewhat different from E1 interfacing. The E3NT fits in the
regular NT slot, but the E3NC-A is located at the bottom on the back-plane, where the line
connections are made as well.
This is similar to the E3NT connection of a Standard Density ASAM where the E3NC-A is
connected directly to the back-plane using a mechanical support and front plate.
No combiner cable is needed: the connection is made through the mini-RAM back-plane.
The ACU functionality is provided by the E1NC board with the MACU daughter-board!
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
53
High density dimensioning examples
Here well discuss the hardware configurations related to the high density equipment.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
54
ASAM subrack High Density

STM-1 interfacing
The High Density shelf can terminate up to 192 lines or 2304 lines for the complete HD ASAM
using ADLT-J boards.
The HD subrack can be subdivided in 4 areas:
connector area: holds the ADSL and POTS external interfaces and the interface towards the
TRU, also the extension connectors are located in this area in HD equipment. The connector area
is also described on the previous slides
splitter function area: holds a PWR I/O board, a NT I/O board (containing the analog
interface; this board is linked to the NT board), a test I/O board (an optional board with
multiplexing circuitry for the test bus) and up to 16 splitter boards.
ADSL line board area : holds the ACU board, up to two NT boards for fast 1+1 NT redundancy
and up to 16 ADSL LT boards (ADLT) or subtending LT boards (i.e.:E1LT).
fan unit area: holds the fan and the optional dust filter for the lowest subrack within the rack.
Features of all the cards have been discussed in the previous chapter Hardware architecture.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
55
ASAM High Density

connector area
The upper part of each high density subrack is referred to as the connector area and contains:
TRU interface (50 way D-sub connector): to connect the subrack to the top rack unit
(TRU).
Extender interfaces (26 way connector): as opposed to standard density extension,
carried out through connectors on the extender boards, extension in high density equipment is
done via fixed connectors on the subrack chassis; the upper connectors allow for connection
to the previous subrack, the lower connectors for the connection to the next one;
note the extender port B is only used in case of 1+1 redundancy.
Interfaces for POTS and ADSL : 12 lines per connector, alternately ADSL/POTS
Remote craft terminal interface (9 pin connector): will allow for remote management via a
Craft Terminal through a permanent connection to the ASAM.
The splitter area holds up to 16 splitter boards (12 lines/board),
the PWR I/O board, NT I/O board and the TST I/O board.
The LT area holds up to 16 LT boards, the ACU board and up to

two NT- or extender boards in case of 1+1 NT redundancy
Features of all these cards are discussed in the previous

chapter hardware architecture.
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56
HD Extension
racks in row position
To expand the capacity of an ASAM, the standard density equipment offered the possibility to
extend up to 12 subracks. Likewise, the high density equipment supports the same number of
subracks to be extended. Given the fact that one 2,2m rack only houses up to two subracks, this
means that 6 fully loaded racks can be cascaded in one site. The maximum number of lines per
site is thus 6 x 384 = 2,304.
If racks are set-up in a row the extender cabling between racks can be performed via the top or
via the bottom. For each different cable length are needed and made available by Alcatel.
Each rack of the HD ASAM system is a large rack (2200 mm) equipped with the following items
=>
One Top Rack Unit (TRU) , which is located at the top and comprises the following parts:
A power distribution unit feeding power to the equipment in that rack; an interface to the
CO/CEV alarm system;
An alarm interface to the equipment in the rack;
A physical display (5 LEDs) that indicates the alarm conditions of the rack.
One Alarm Control Unit (ACU) , located in the first subrack, to activate the alarm display in the
TRU and for fan and power supervision.
One or two Fan assembly(ies) for cooling the equipment of which the lowest fan assembly is
equipped with an additional dust filter.
The position of a subrack in the ASAM is identified by the Physical Location Identification
(PLID) jumpers on the back-plane of the ASAM. More details can be found in the Hardware
installation procedure manual and on the next slides.
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PLID-switch settings
0: jumper installed
1: jumper not installed
The Physical Location Identification Switches (PLID) identify the position of the subrack/shelf in
the ASAM.
The PLID jumpers are located on the ASAM back-plane behind the NT board (see slide).
SR-ID0 SR-ID2: identifies the position of the subrack inside the rack. Possible values are
000 for the upper subrack or 001 for the lower subrack.
R-ID0 R-ID3: identifies the position of the rack within the ASAM. Possible values are
0000 up to 0101 for rack 0 up to rack 5.
R-TYP0 R-TYP3: identifies the type of ASAM to the AWS as CO-ASAM, RAM, mini-RAM
or R-ASAM.
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Fully equipped HD ASAM
2.2m Rack
(including
splitters)
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Sample configuration
6 racks cascaded ASAM (HD)
This table holds a sample configuration with the Alcatel codes for a full blown High Density ASAM
with 12 subracks or shelves. This ASAM can directly connect up to 2304 lines.
As products and product codes change into time always check with your Alcatel account manager
for the latest up to date information!
The Top Rack Unit (TRU), extender cables for the two subracks within a rack and the ASAM
shelves are part of the rack and will not directly show up in the equipment description.
The extender cable type (4,3m) is used for back to back rack cabling via the bottom. See also the
previous pages.
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HD Street cabinet
Street cabinet
1 HD shelf
Power supply
MDF & ODF
Temperature range:
-20C
+ 40C
Humidity range:
8 100%
AC distribution, fans, power supply, DSLAM, MDF and ODF are all pre-installed in the cabinet. It
is completely pre-cabled for power feeding, distribution and also for the connection of the DSLAM
equipment to the MDF.
Provisions are made to guide the incoming mains power cable to the AC power distribution area.
A grounding plate is provided at the cable entry area to connect the cabinet to the earth. All metal
parts are already pre-cabled for earthing towards this plate.
The MDF area can be equipped with the appropriate number and type of MDF strips to accept the
subscriber lines. All incoming cables can be adequately clamped at the entry. Rubber glands
prevent intrusion of dirt and small animals.
The roof can be unlocked by screws with a special
tool. All panels and doors are mounted on a
structure made with aluminium profiles, so it is
possible to unlock from the inside all separate walls
for replacement if necessary.
The weight of a fully equipped cabinet is around
250kg (batteries not included)
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Ultra density dimensioning examples (R4.2+)
Here well discuss the hardware configurations related to the high density equipment.
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ASAM subrack Ultra Density combo

STM-1 interface
The Ultra Density backplane is not the same as the High Density backplane! But all HD
LT cards can be inserted in the UD combo, including the voice gateway (VALT-A) and the
IP gateway.
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ASAM subrack Ultra Density LT

STM-1 interface
NT I/O
PWR
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UD shelf power feed
UD powering
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Via ATRU-N
TRU for 3 shelfs/rack
Redundant power feed
Branch A & B
PBA-ATRU-G
3 AACU connectors
1 connector for external
alarms
LEDs indicating alarms
on front
ASAM Ultra Density

connector area
The upper part of each ultra density subrack is referred to as the connector area and contains:
TRU interface (50 way D-sub connector): to connect the subrack to the top rack unit
(TRU).
Extender interfaces (26 way connector): as opposed to standard density extension,
carried out through connectors on the extender boards, extension in ultra density equipment
is done via fixed connectors on the subrack backplane; the upper connectors allow for
connection to the previous subrack, the lower connectors for the connection to the next one;
note the extender port B is only used in case of 1+1 NT redundancy.
Interfaces for ADSL : 24 lines per connector, for the LT board immediately below
Remote craft terminal interface (9 pin connector): will allow for remote management via
a Craft Terminal through a permanent connection to the ASAM.
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UD combo line cabling
applique
area
LT area
fan
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UD LT & Combo racks
Top Rack Unit
Top Rack Unit
UD Racks
UD combo shelf
2200 mm
UD LT shelf
Fan unit
UD LT shelf
Fan unit
Fan unit
75 mm between racks
for high # of cables
UD LT rack
1152 lines/rack
UD combo rack
768 lines/rack
External splitters
available for US
UD LT shelf
UD combo shelf
Fan unit with
dust filter
75 mm
600 mm
75 mm
Fan unit with

dust filter
600 mm
75 mm
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UD extension
Make sure the PLID switches have been set correctly for each shelf!
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PLID-switch settings
0: jumper installed
1: jumper not installed
The Physical Location Identification Switches (PLID) identify the position of the UD subrack/shelf
in the ASAM. Depending on the shelf type (LT or combo) you have 2 or 3 per rack!
The PLID jumpers are located on the ASAM back-plane behind the NT board (see slide).
SR-ID0 SR-ID2: identifies the position of the subrack inside the rack.
R-ID0 R-ID3: identifies the position of the rack within the ASAM.
R-TYP0 R-TYP3: identifies the type of ASAM to the AWS as CO-ASAM, RAM, mini-RAM
or R-ASAM.
Only used for

rack with 3 x
UD LT shelfs
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UD mini-RAM
Because of the inverse LT area it is not possible to insert a VALT with his applique.
Because the IP gateway card takes up 2 slots in the LT area but only one slot in the
applique area it is possible to use this IPGS in a UD mini-RAM.
Every LT card taking up one slot and also only one slot in the applique area can be used
in the UD mini-RAM.
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Concepts & features
CONCEPTS: Gives an overview of the ASAM (ADSL Subscriber Access Multiplexer) functionality
and features including:
Principle of data storage and software
ASAM management
Alive polling
NT redundancy
ASAM interfaces
Permanent versus Switched Virtual Circuits (PVC ~ SVC)
QOS (Quality of Service)
CAC (Connection Admission Control)
Policing
High speed subtending
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Concepts
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Configuration database
ASAM
AWS
SANT
Configuration
database
The SANT Flash memory stores all ASAMs

software, profiles and connection data.
This configuration database indicates the

configuration per line and per card.
The ASAM Work Station (AWS) manages the ASAMs in a particular network. Communication
between the ASAM and the AWS is on a dedicated VP/VC, by default 0/32 on the NT ATM port.
Each ASAM is equipped with a SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) agent and a
Management Information Base (MIB). A MIB is a collection of objects, where each object is a data
variable that represents one aspect of the managed agent.
The AWS manages the ASAM through SNMP communication. SNMP carries management
information between managers (AWS) and agents (ASAMs).
The SNMP protocol contains the following key capabilities:
get: retrieves the value of an object at the agent
set: sets the value of an object at the agent
trap: allows an agent to notify the management station of significant events
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NT management inband
ASAM
VP/VC = 0/32
AWS
SANT
Configuration
database
The ADSL work station (AWS) manages the database

via an inband PVC terminating on the NT board.
This PVC must be configured at installation and has a

default value of 0/32 on the NT.
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NT management outband (R4.2+)

ASAM
AWS
SANT
10BaseT
Configuration
database
IP Network
Via the NT ethernet interface the AWS can also reach the
NT database for outband management.
Only 1 access can be used at the same time by the AWS!
The Ethernet interface allows to connect an ASAM to the intranet / internet, providing
outband management and easy integration in the operators management network.
An ASAM shall be able to process IP traffic over the Ethernet interface at a sustained rate
of 128 kbit/s full duplex. It shall be able to buffer up to 32 KByte (is equal to a burst at 256
kbit/s of Ethernet traffic during a period of 1 second).
Each NT board has a unique MAC address, which is written in the inventory during
manufacturing.
On the NT-board 2 IP adresses can be configured for the inband management port (via
ATM) and the outband management port (via Ethernet) but only one of them can be used
for management at a given time. This is decided on AWS level how you will manage a
given ASAM!
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Management via the A5522
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Configuration database (1)

ASAM
AWS
SANT
Configuration
database per
ASAM
The AWS also stores all software files, profiles

and connection data.
The AWS keeps a configuration database per

ASAM
The supervision by the AWS is polling based, i.e. the SNMP manager asks SNMP agents to
send management information (GET) and to perform actions (SET). Agents can also send
spontaneous information (TRAPS) to the manager.
A Full copy of the ASAM database is stored on the AWS. As SNMP runs over UDP, delivery of
SNMP packets is not guaranteed, which might cause differences between the databases as we
will discuss on the next slides.
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Configuration database (2)

ASAM
AWS
SANT
Configuration
database per
ASAM
Configuration
database
synchronised
Both databases must be synchronised at all time.
If one of the databases is corrupt, for example,

AWS crash or SANT failure, a DISCOVERY is
necessary (upload or download database)
The database on the AWS and the database on the ASAM must be synchronised at all times.
When these 2 databases are not synchronised or when one of these databases is corrupt the
AWS will signal this as a discovery needed on that particular ASAM.
In this situation you can download or upload a database to clear the misalignment as discussed
on the next slides!
The AWS serves as a reference database to the managed network. It allows an operator to
prepare (pre-provision) the network configuration in advance. This configuration is then called
the planned configuration.
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Discovery download
ASAM
Discovery
download
AWS
SANT
Wrong, corrupt or
incomplete database
Discovery download
It is possible to download the AWS database and

overwrite in this way the ASAMs configuration.
This is necessary if the database in the ASAM is

wrong, corrupt or incomplete
When the ASAM database is wrong, corrupt or incomplete the database on the AWS can be
downloaded to the ASAM and in this way overwrite the ASAM configuration.
The command on the AWS that corresponds with this is a discovery download.
The AWS will start an audit, i.e. read and compare the ASAM database (through the SNMP
GET command) with his own database. All values that are different on the ASAM will then be
overwritten by the AWS.
Note that it is the AWS operator who will determine which database is correct.
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Discovery upload
ASAM
Discovery
upload
AWS
SANT
Wrong, corrupt
or incomplete
database
Discovery upload
It is possible to upload the ASAM database and

overwrite in this way the AWS configuration.
This is necessary if the database in the AWS is

wrong, corrupt or incomplete
When the AWS database is wrong, corrupt or incomplete the database on the ASAM can be
uploaded to the AWS and in this way overwrite the AWS configuration copy of that ASAM.
The command on the AWS that corresponds with this is a discovery upload.
The AWS will start an audit, i.e. read and compare the ASAM database (through the SNMP
GET command) with his own database. All values that are different on the AWS will then be
overwritten by the value on the ASAM.
Note that it is the AWS operator who will determine which database is correct.
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AWS configuration updates

ASAM
Operator
Command
AWS
SANT
Configuration
database per
ASAM
Configuration
database
Configuration
change
If an operator command changes the ASAMs

configuration, the change is also sent towards
the ASAMs configuration database.
If an AWS operator changes the configuration of an ASAM this change is first done in the local
AWS database and then send to the ASAM database through the SNMP SET command.
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Craft Terminal configuration updates

ASAM
AWS
SANT
Configuration
change
CT
Command
If the ASAMs configuration is changed using the

Craft Terminal, the change is also sent towards
the AWSs configuration database.
When a field engineer changes the configuration of an ASAM through the craft terminal the
changes are first done in the local ASAM database and then send to the AWS database through
SNMP Traps.
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Management via the A5523
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Configuration database
ASAM
A5523
SANT
Configuration
database
The A5523 AWS is MIBLESS => No local database

stored on the AWS server!!
Enhanced scalability with reference to the A5522.

(also depending on hardware platform)
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Configuration updates
Operator
command
SANT
GUI
SNMP Manager
Configuration
change
Configuration
database
A5523 AWS
If an operator command changes the ASAMs

configuration, the change is immediatly sent via SNMP
towards the NT database in the ASAM.
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Software, ASAM characteristics & features
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Import and download software

ASAM
Import software files:

SANT
ADLT
ADNT
ADLT
AWS
Download software
SANT
ADLT
Import software to AWS from tape, floppy, CD

ROM or FTP.
The operator downloads the software towards

the SANT.
A copy of the ASAM running software for the cards is stored on the AWS. This software can be
imported from different sources like tape, floppy, CD-ROM or FTP.
The AWS operator then needs to manually download the correct software file for that ASAM or
card to the corresponding ASAM.
When a NT board leaves the factory the latest available software for that NT board and the
software for one ADLT card is already present.
Some currently available software files for ASAM software release 4.1:
ASAM board:
operational code of file:
SANT-D
HH2TAA4.135
E3NT-A
HH2TAA4.135
SANT-E
KMXXAA4.135
D3NT-B
KMXXAA4.135
ADLT-E
HH3CAB4.133
ADLT-F
HH3CAA4.126
E1LT-A
JK4RAA4.105
SANT-F
GFDRAA4.135
ADLT-J
GFD5AA4.134
Always check with your Alcatel account manager for the latest up to date information!
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ASAM start-up / board insert

ASAM
ADLT
AWS
Multicast
SANT
ADLT
At power-up or board restart/insert the

configured software is loaded using multicast.
Also the ADLT configuration is downloaded using

a point to point connection.
NT start-up:
After the initial self test, the NT software checks for the available permanent data. If the database
is empty the MIBs are initialised with default configuration data. Otherwise the MIBs are
populated with the retrieved permanent data.
LT start-up:
After the initial self test the LT issues an on-line message to the NT. The NT checks the LTs
configuration status and initiates different actions. The correct software is downloaded to the LT
(with a possible exception a software reset where the software, system - and specific data
loaded in the RAM survive the reset), after this the NT downloads the configuration data of that
specific card. Now the LT can continue with modem initialisation.
Software download to a LT card by the NT is done using multicast. If multiple LT cards initialise
at the same time (after a ASAM power up) they will all be able to receive the software at the
same time which will bring the overall start-up time of an ASAM down. The NT will then
download the configuration to a specific card using a point to point communication.
Communication between the NT-board and the LT-boards is done over the IQ-bus.
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ANT start-up
ASAM
ADLT
SANT
ADLT
At power-up the ANT uses the software and the

configuration of the flash memory
If necessary, the software and/or configuration is

downloaded from the ASAM.
Software can be downloaded from the Client PC.
The ADSL Network Termination (ANT) stores the software and configuration in his flash memory.
This flash memory can permanently store all this just like an NT board does in an ASAM.
The Alcatel ANT has the possibility to receive his software from the Alcatel ASAM where he is
connected to if so configured by the AWS operator.
The end-user also has to possibility to download new software to the ANT. This is the trend
today as end-users become responsible for their modem and can download newer software
versions from the internet and upgrade the modem themselves.
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SANT Alive polling

ASAM
AWS
SANT
ALIVE
POLLING
ADLT
ADLT
The SANT detects ADLT insertion and

downloads software / configuration.
The SANT alive polling detects ADLT removal.

This is reported towards the AWS
The NT-board will detect the insertion, presence or removal of an LT-board via polling on
the IQ-bus. Any changes will also be reported to the AWS via SNMP TRAPs.
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ASAM Database Backup on disk
ASAM
ASAM
AWS
ASAM
An ASAM database backup can be stored on any available media.
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Backup on disk/tape
Full AWS configuration
ASAM
ASAM
AWS
ASAM
A full AWS database backup (with the database copy of each ASAM) can be stored on any
available media.
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NT redundancy
IQ-B
STM-1
IQ-A
PLIM
ADLT
NT-A
APS
EPS
SYNC
CHANNEL
ADLT
STM-1
PLIM
SHLT
NT-B
VALT
In case of 1+1 NT redundancy both NT boards remain active all the time!
In fact one refers to active/standby (A/S led on the board) in the context that both NTs remain
physically powered, however only 1 of them accesses the IQ bus and sends the traffic to the
network. There is a communication channel (1+1 sync channel) between both NTs to
synchronise the databases (or SW when needed). When a switch-over is needed, it is first
checked if the databases are fully synchronous; if not an update needs to be done first (supposing
the NT processor and memory are still intact).
The switch-over is triggered by:
APS (link protection) which decides on the basis of FM indications (LOS, LOF ..) that the
incoming optical link is no longer reliable
Equipment (e.g. extender chain with failures, 1 of both IQ busses acting strange...)!
Forced by AWS
Errors (APS) are detected by the active NT, the NT in standby (in the case of APS) monitors the
link in order to verify if a switch-over to the standby (as a result of APS) is a viable alternative.
Suppose the standby also detects a LOS/LOF, the switch-over cannot take place (of course, the
odds of a double error to occur are much lower than a single failure).
The switch-over time is less than 50ms.
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ASAM interfaces
IQ-bus
NAI
NT-board
ATM
subtending
LT-board
IPGW
&
VALT
AAI
ISI
LT-board
UAI
ASAM
A board with an Internal Server Interface (ISI)

terminates ATM connections within the board!
NAI: Network Access Interface

Board involved: NT boards
AAI: Access Access Interface
Boards involved: NT board (S-ASAM) and subtending boards (E1LT, SALT, )
UAI: User Access Interface
Boards involved: xDSL LT boards (ADLT & SHLT)
ISI: Internal Server Interface
Boards involved: Gateway boards like the IP gateway (IPGW) and the voice gateway
(VALT)
This standard terminology is mainly used from AWS R4.2 on!
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Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) in H-ASAM

ASAM
ISP
ADLT
Network operator
VP/VC
NETWORK SIDE
VP/VC
USER SIDE
VP/VC
AWS Operator
Network Operator
In case of PVC connections the operators will

install the connections
The AWS operator creates the ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) on the ASAM between the
ADLT port and the NT ATM port.
The network operator creates the ATM PVC in the ATM network between the ASAM and the
content provider.
Once the connections have been established the end-user can use this to connect to his content
provider or Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Note that VP/VC values have only local significance.
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PVC in subtending ASAM

H-ASAM
S-ASAM
ISP
E1LT
Network operator
VP/VC
NETWORK SIDE
VP/VC
ADLT
USER
NETWORK
/ NETWORK
SIDE
SIDE VP/VC
VP/VC
USER SIDE
VP/VC
AWS Operator
Network Operator
The subtending PVC is linked to the H-ASAM PVC
In case of subtending the AWS operator needs to create two PVCs, one on each ASAM. The
network side VP/VC of the subtending ASAMPVC will be the user side VP/VC of the Hub-ASAM
PVC.
The network operator creates the ATM PVC in the ATM network between the ASAM and the
content provider.
Once the connections have been established the end-user can use this to connect to his content
provider or Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Note that VP/VC values have only local significance.
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LT cross connects (R4.2+)
IQ-bus
NAI
subtending
LT-board
AAI
NT-board
ISI
ATM
UAI
VP loop!
LT-board
ASAM
Done by 1 VP loop on the NT board (no ATM switching!)
Double bandwidth taken on IQ-bus (up & down)
Only from UAI/AAI interfaces to ISI interface
Only one VP loop per NT board.

The NT loop is established automatically, the AWS operator will create a crossconnection
directly between the UAI/AAI interface and the ISI interface.
Only on GANT-B. So can only be done in High Density & Ultra Density equipment.
No applicable for VP connections.
There is no CAC for the loop. Looped traffec takes twice the IQ bandwidth although this is not
accounted for by CAC.
No pre-defined bandwidth for the VP loop.
No correct QoS behaviour between NT traffic and looped traffic. NT traffic has always the
priority over looped traffic! This has the effect that UBR NT traffic can make CBR looped traffic
wait!
Because of above restrictions we recommend following safe configurations:
NT interface: DS3 or less (even null)
Maximum 1 IP gateway with 2 voice gateways
Because of lower priority on looped traffic we need a backpressure mechanism from the NT
towards the LT for upstream traffic. In case the loopbuffer on the NT is full backpressure is
activated which stops all upstream traffic. This mechanism ensures no cells are lost. (they are
buffered on the LT card)!
The NT VP loop is a short term solution to remove loops in the ATM network and to take some
stress from the NT ATM interface. ATM switching on the NT board is foreseen from R5.0 on.
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Point to multipoint (R4.2+)
IQ-bus
AAI
LEAF!
NAI
NT-board
ISI
ATM
LEAF!
UAI
ROOT!
ASAM
LEAF!
Uni-directional connection from a single endpoint

(ROOT) to multiple endpoint (LEAFs)
Only NAI/ISI intf. can be root. UAI/AAI & ISI can be leaf.
Used to reduce traffic in the ATM Network. Replication of ATM traffic is done as close as
possible to the leaf.
Uni-directional (Downstream) connection so today used for multicast services like television
and radio broadcasts.
Only NAI (NT) and ISI (VALT & IPGW) can be ROOT.
UAI, AAI and ISI can be LEAF.
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ATM service categories & traffic parameters
T.P.
PCR
SCR,MBS
MCR
CTD
CDV
CLR
CBR
specified
N/A
N/A
optional
optional
optional
rt-VBR
specified
specified
N/A
optional
optional
optional
nrt-VBR
specified
specified
N/A
unspecified unspecified
UBR
optional
N/A
N/A
unspecified unspecified unspecified
PCR
MCR
MBS
MFS
optional
optional
optional
specified
QoS
QoS
GFR
T.P.
specified
Absolute QoS is a matter for the operator,

depending also on network dimensioning!
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QOS - Constant Bitrate (CBR)
Cells transmitted up to PCR are guaranteed!
Current ASAM software releases are capable of running a Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Quality of
Service (QoS) PVC on a ADSL line.
A CBR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors:

Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in kbps
Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (CDVT) in sec
All traffic within these parameters is guaranteed!
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QOS - Unspecified Bitrate (UBR+)
UBR + MCR 0
UBR+: cells transmitted up to MCR are guaranteed!
Current ASAM software releases are capable of running a Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) Quality of
Service (QoS) PVC on an ADSL line.
A UBR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors:

Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) in kbps
An UBR QoS PVC with MCR greater then zero is referred to as UBR +!
All traffic within these parameters is guaranteed up to the MCR and best effort or not guaranteed
between PCR and MCR!
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QoS Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
NT
LT
Physical wire
VBR
SCR
PCR
VBR
SCR
PCR
ATM
Cells transmitted up to SCR are guaranteed!

Bursts at PCR are guaranteed up to the MBS!
From ASAM software release 4.2 we are capable of running a Variable Bit Rate (VBR) Quality of
Service (QoS) PVC on an ADSL line.
A VBR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors:

Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) in kbps
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) in cells
Two type of VBR exist: real-time VBR and non-real-time VBR (rt-VBR & nrt-VBR).
Real-time VBR is mainly for jitter sensitive applications and will have a higher priority on non realtime VBR which will mainly be used for lesser jitter sensitive applications (near real time
applications).
Within nrt-VBR three variant exist: nrt-VBR.1, nrt-VBR.2 & nrt-VBR.3
Nrt-VBR.1: all conforming cells with the CLP bit=0 or 1 are treated the same. Noncomforming cells are discarded
Nrt-VBR.2: All conforming cells with CLP=0 have a lower CLR than the conforming cells with
CLP=1 send above SCR but within the MBS. Non conforming cells are discarded.
nrt-VBR.3: Same as nrt-VBR.2 but non-conforming cells are tagged.
CLR= Cell Loss Ratio

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
A lower CLR corresponds to a better QoS!

103
QoS Guaranteed Frame Rate
GFR is a AAL-5 frame based QoS.
GFR uses similar traffic parameters like VBR to

determine conformity of ATM cells.
In case of congestion an ATM switch will aim to discard

complete frames or the remaining cells of a frame, this
principle is known as frame discard.
From ASAM software release 4.2 we are capable of running a GFR (GFR) Quality of Service
(QoS) PVC on an ADSL line.
A GFR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors:

Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) in kbps
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) in cells
Maximum Frame Size (MFS) in cells
GFR service guarantees are based around AAL5 frames,and under congestion the network aims
to discard complete frames, a function known as frame discard, instead of discarding arbitrary
cells.
In case an incomplete frame is delivered by the network, the last cell of that frame should also be
delivered to indicate the end of the frame.
Frame discard is mandatory for GFR but is also available for other QoS within the ASAM!
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
104
BI-QOS (until R4.1.3x)
BI-QOS allows the mix of CBR and UBR on the

same ADSL line:
CBR
UBR (MCR=0 !!)
Best Effort (no UBR+)
Current ASAM software releases are capable of running a mix of PVCs with a different Quality of
Service (QoS) on a ADSL line.
Permanent virtual circuits running a UBR QoS on a BI-QoS ADSL line must have a MCR equal to
zero, or with other words on a BI-QoS line no UBR+ is allowed.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
105
Multi QoS (R4.2+)
From R4.2 it is possible to mix connections with

different QoS on one LT interface!
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
CBR
VBR
UBR & UBR+
GFR
Only on HD & UD
106
QoS priority
nrt-VBR, GFR and UBR+ can be split in partly

guaranteed and non-guaranteed (NG) traffic.
Within the ASAM following priorities apply:

CBR
rt-VBR
nrt-VBR
NG nrt-VBR
GFR
NG GFR
UBR+
NG UBR+
As several ADSL lines (up to 2304) can connect to one ASAM supporting several Permanent
Virtual Circuits (PVC) it is necessary to do some priority checking in the upstream direction (from
user to ATM network). A SANT-F supports up to 10.368 PVCs.
All these PVCs can deliver cells to the NT board for transmission on the ATM network.
Priority checking is depending on the QoS of the connection.
CBR traffic is guaranteed and has therefore the highest priority.
UBR traffic can be subdivided in guaranteed traffic and non-guaranteed traffic (G-UBR and
NG-UBR). G-UBR has the priority on NG-UBR.
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107
Upstream Access Priority
Priority sub-class
QoS class
CBR
AGIN
CBR
G - rt VBR
rt - VBR
G - nrt VBR
nrt - VBR
G - GFR
WEIG
G - UBR+
GFR
UBR
HTED
NG - nrt VBR
AC
CESS
NG - GFR
NG - UBR+
Priority checking is depending on the QoS of the connection.

CBR traffic is guaranteed and has therefore the highest priority.
UBR traffic can be subdivided in guaranteed traffic and non-guaranteed traffic (G-UBR and
NG-UBR). G-UBR has the priority on NG-UBR.
Priority can then be set in the following order:
1. Constant Bit Rate traffic
2. Guaranteed Unspecified Bit rate traffic
3. Non-guaranteed Unspecified Bit Rate traffic
All traffic waiting in a queue is transmit before moving to the next queue. If all queues are emptied
of a certain traffic type then is moved on to the next priority. If in the mean time cells arrive in the
queue of a higher priority traffic type it moves back to this higher priority for delivery of the cells.
When all queues are emptied of the guaranteed traffic type (CBR & G-UBR) then is moved on to
the not-guaranteed traffic type queues.
Moving from one queue with guaranteed traffic to the other queue with other guaranteed traffic is
based on the ageing principle.
For non-guaranteed traffic this access is based on the weighted access principle.
The weight of an interface can be configured via the NGCR administrative weight parameter in
the ASAM. Also configurable via the AWS 4.2.
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108
Connection Admission Control (CAC)
152.64 Mbps
ASAM
149.76 Mbps
For example;
-Down: 4 Mbps
-Up: 400 kbps
CAC DOWN
OK? yes
SANT
ADLT
CAC UP
OK? yes
CAC UP
OK? yes
Connection:
-Down: 2 Mbps
-Up: 200 kbps
When a new connection is established, the CAC

checks the available bandwidth.
If there is not enough bandwidth, the connection

is refused.
The Connection Admission Control (CAC) checks if a connection can be established. If for
example not enough bandwidth is available a connection will be refused by the CAC checks.
CAC checks are on the ADSL port in the upstream - and the downstream direction.
CAC checks on the NT-port are only performed in the upstream direction because of the usable
bandwidth for user data on a STM-1 is lower (149,76Mbps) then the usable bandwidth on the
internal IQ-bus of the ASAM (152,64Mbps).
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
109
Policing
ASAM
Transmit
300 kbps
Allow maximum 200 kbps
SANT
ADLT
Connection:
-Down: 2 Mbps
-Up: 200 kbps
The upstream policing function in the ADLT

drops cells if the upstream bitrate is exceeded
The downstream policing function is executed in

the ATM network
Policing is a function that is best done as close as possible to the source of transmission. For the
upstream direction this is the ASAM as the ASAM does not consider the ANT as a trusted source
for policing.
Policing is not performed on the ASAM for the downstream direction. It is considered that this is
done by the ATM network or any other mechanism.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
110
Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)
UNI 3.1 signalling
ATM-F or Speed Touch PC
From SANT-E onwards
Bandwidth reserved for duration of the call
CAC accepts or rejects the call
SVC allows to connect more users to the ASAM
SVC necessity for next generation network topology
Point-to-point only
Signalling channel VP 0 VC 5
Always on becomes ALWAYS AVAILABLE
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
111
SVC set-up scenario
CACO
ISP
ASAM
Connection
Co
Setup
nn
ec
toi
nni
Sgi
fo
na
llni
g
Connection
Setup
Signalling
ADLT
ANI
ATM-F
UAI
An end-user (that supports SVC set-up) signals on VP/VC 0/5 the request for a Virtual Circuit
(VC). The ASAM transparently sends this information on to the ATM network. The Call Control
(CACO) for the ATM network will receive this signalling information and set-up a VC in the ATM
network according the requirements.
The CACO will signal the connection information to the ASAM who can then configure the local
VP/VC and will then signal his connection information to the end-user.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
112
High-speed subtending (R4.2+)
4 x E1
4 x E1
4 x E1
4 x E1
4 x E1
E3
STM-1
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
113
Release Feature List
RELEASE FEATURE LIST: Gives an overview of the features in the current releases.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
114
Alcatel nomenclature
What is the release of an

ASAM ?
It is a combination of
several SOFTWARE
packages
A) AWS software package
AND
B) Several new software
packages for all the boards
of an ASAM
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115
AWS
AWS4.1
4.1
ASAM 4.1
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
116
Golden ATU-C
AWS
AWS operator
Golden ATU-C
ATU-C
NT
NT
LT
LT
ATU-R
ANT
...
ASAM
Detailed line quality and performance monitoring
AWS operator launches Golden ATU-C application in order to

analyze a particular ADSL port of an ASAM
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
117
Programmable Interleaving
Programmable Interleaved Delay
Update every 10s of attainable bitrate (ATM max.

with header)
(Relative Capacity Occupation (RCO) = actual line rate /
attainable)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
118
Programmable Interleaving
DELAY
HIGH
18 ms
FAST LOW
MEDIUM
4 ms
2 ms
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Bitrate
119
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
120
$6/ GRHVQW
DOORZ 0,; ZLWK 6
LW LV + RQO\
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
121
ASAM R4.0
Main features
High-Density boards
POTS LT and splitters
Various NTs : STM-1, E3, DS3
Metallic test access
F4/F5 loopback (LT - ANT)
AWS enhancements
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122
ASAM R4.0
High Performance NT boards
SVC support
Increased line capacity
Increased connection capacity
Up to 2304 lines (+ subtended)
6000 connections, 4000 VP range
Increased processing power and memory to

support new services
Modular technology
GANT-B motherboard (HD)
STM1 / OC3 / E3 / DS3

daughterboard
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
123
Metallic Test Access (R4.0)
Allows to connect outgoing pairs (to end-user) to

a dedicated test equipment
Controlled by TL-1 commands
Added value for customer
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
Maintenance capabilities
Detailed noise analysis
Location of bridged taps
Shorts - opens
....
124
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
125
The Alcatel ASAM

R4.1 main features
High-density hardware
4*E1 IMA LT (to connect SD subtending ASAMs)
ADSL over ISDN (ETSI)
Full integration with existing Standard-Density (SD)

hardware
1+1NT redundancy
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126
ASAM R4.1
New Line termination boards
HD ADSL over ISDN LT

12 lines per board, SW upgradable to ITU G.dmt
Annex B, Backward compatible with R3 solution
HDSL-2 LT (ANSI standard, not proprietary, not ETSI )
Fixed rate 1.5 Mbit/s symmetrical service, ANSI compliant, Single pair HDSL
with ADSL friendly crosstalk model (ANSI), Repeatered capability
HD 4xE1 IMA LT
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
Enables connection of SD subtended ASAMs
127
ASAM R4.1
Mixed rack / shelf principles
Mixed rack (SD in

front!)
Mixed shelf
SD Shelf SD Shelf
48 Lines 48 Lines HD Shelf
192 Lines
SD Shelf SD Shelf
48 Lines 48 Lines HD Shelf
192 Lines
SD Shelf SD Shelf
48 Lines 48 Lines
SD Shelf
48 Lines
HD Shelf
SD Shelf SD Shelf 192 Lines
48 Lines 48 Lines
HD Shelf HD Shelf
SD Shelf 192 Lines 192 Lines
48 Lines
=optional
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
128
Mixed HD/SD configurations
Supports concatenation of SD and HD shelves using bus extenders
Benefits :
Fill existing SD ASAMs with HD shelves
Expand capacity of SD ASAM beyond 576 lines using HD

racks and shelves (requires GANT NT)
Configuration rules
All SD racks and shelves are first in the chain
Extend with additional HD shelves / racks
Maximum 12 shelves in total
For systems with SANT-D NT : max nr of lines=576
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
129
ASAM R4.1
1+1 NT Redundancy Principles
Protection mode
NT database
Sync Channel
1+1
NT
NT
Active
Standby
Active / Standby
Switch-over
control lines (HW)
Security Blocks for SDH
APS (Automatic Protection Switch)

on line
STM-1/OC3c
NT
NT
EXT
EXT
NT
NT
EXT
EXT
EPS (Equipment Protection
Security Blocks for PDH
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
EPS on NT and Extender(s)
130
E3/DS3
Switch) on NT and Extender(s)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
131
Overview
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
132
The Alcatel ASAM

Main features ASAM R4.1.10
High-Density (HD) hardware
G.shdsl LT boards
ITU G.dmt B compliance for ADSL on ISDN
VoDSL Gateway (ETSI)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
Standalone Gateway (7310 VoDSL LVG)
Integrated Gateway (7300 ASAM)
133
Alcatel OneStream ASAM

Symmetrical DSL solutions
Spectrum compatibility
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
Loop unbundling regulation will be closely

followed by spectral management regulation
Old SDSL technologies cause unacceptable

crosstalk levels
New SDSL linecodes (HDSL-2, ETSI SDSL, ITU

G.shdsl) give highly improved spectral efficiency
Less crosstalk and higher bandwidths available

on the copper lines
Only new SDSL linecodes will be allowed
134
VoDSL overview
PSTN
POTS
ISP
8 x E1
V 5.2
SMC
Corporates
Lifeline
GW
AS (BRAS)
POTS
NT
PS
PS
LT
ASAM
A7300 HW
Service
providers
...
ATM
Access providers
Speed Touch
710
End users
The above drawing shows the VoDSL infrastructure. The voice processing function is
called the gateway.There is a gateway function necessary in the CPE and in the network
where the gateway is also connected to the PSTN network. The V5.2 interface used
between the GW and the PSTN uses up to 8 E1 links. Each E1 link can handle 30 (31)
calls but these channels are allocated dynamically by signalling. The latter allows
overbooking in terms of user ports (one user port corresponds to one telephone number).
The gateway function in the CPE was implemented by Alcatel in the very well known
Speed Touch Pro. This ST PRO including the gateway function is called the Speed
Touch 710 (Integrated Access Device) In this way the voice of the different calls is
multiplexed and is sent from gateway to gateway and further to the PSTN.
At the same time the user can connect to the data network using a BRAS function.
The existing FDM POTS line could be used as a lifeline since the VoDSL phones are not
available if there is no power available.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
135
Alcatel voice gateways
The Alcatel 7310 is the Alcatel loop voice gateway (A7310 LVG).
The A7310 is based on the A7300 HD hardware but is filled with

voice gateway cards instead of ADSL line cards.
This voice gateway is also referred to as the external gateway.
An ASAM 7300 can also be expanded with the voice gateway

feature.
The ASAM is filled with a mix of ADSL line cards and 1 or more voice
gateway cards.
This voice gateway is also referred to as the integrated gateway.
The developed voice gateway hardware fits into the current High Density (HD) hardware
in the position of the line boards and splitter boards and takes up two slots per voice
gateway.
An ASAM with only voice gateway functionalities is referred to as the external voice
gateway where as the ASAM filled with LT boards and voice gateway boards is referred
to as the integrated voice gateway.
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
136
VoDSL
Operator benefits
Grow revenues
Deliver compelling service bundles (data + multiple voice channels)
Increase revenue via additional services
Lower costs
Automated/soft provisioning of extra lines (no truck roll)
Integrated access network, lowering OAM costs
Lower loop plant investments : reduced number of active copper

pairs, especially to business users
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
Leverage DSL platform
137
Roadmap
ROADMAP: Gives an overview of the features in the future releases
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Note that product roadmaps and releases can change into time so always check with your Alcatel
account manager or on the latest product roadmap for the correct last up to date information!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
138
The Alcatel ASAM

Roadmap overview
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
139
Alcatel ASAM 7300

xDSL Roadmap overview
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
140
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
141
Main features ASAM R4.2
Further improved density / power
24 line ADSL board
24 line G.shdsl board
High-speed subtending LT : DS3/E3 and OC3/STM-1
ATM enhancements
Integrated IP Server Card (cfr. OneStream BAS)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
142
R4.2 High-speed subtending
4 x E1
4 x E1
4 x E1
4 x E1
4 x E1
E3
STM-1
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
143
R4.2 Main ATM enhancements
QOS enhancements :
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
rt-VBR and nrt-VBR

GFR : frame-aware, superior performance, easy to deploy
Multi-QoS per line (including as well CBR, UBR, UBR+)
Selective cell discard (for HD hardware only)
EPD/PPD for service classes other than GFR
144
R4.2 Main ATM enhancements
Further F4/F5 support :
Passive Loopback, Loopback Generation, AIS/RDI
Multicast support for Video On Demand

UNI 3.1 Point-to-Multipoint connections for broadcast
Increases bandwidth for broadcast channel
Extended ATM Performance Monitoring
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
145
IP Server Card
Single-board IP Server Card
Optional (E.g. precluded by regulations)
Linear extendable
Mix of both ATM and IP networking

scenarios supported
Main features and benefits
Ethernet interface (10/100BT)
More than an IP router : all features of

Broadband Access Server
Wide range of layer 2 protocols
Flexible addition of mature IP features
Scalability
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
146
ATM
xDSL
Ethernet,
FR, ATM,..

15
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
147
ASAM R4.x
Roadmap
ASAM R4.2
ASAM R4.1
NG AWS
ASAM R4.0
ASAM R3.x
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
148
ASAM migration rules
General rules for ASAM migration support :
Main functional releases (M.N) cannot be

skipped
Migration is supported for

Maintenance releases M.N.x to M.N.x+1
Main release M.N to M.N+1 (or to M+1.0 if N is
the last)
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
AWS Release M.N (and its related maintenance

releases M.N.x) supports ASAM Release M.N
and M.N-1.x
149
ASAM SW / HW mapping
ASAMHW
Both on AWS
SD
ASAM
SWRel.
R3.0
R3.1
R3.2
R4.0
R4.1
R4.2
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
SANT-D
X
X
X
X
-
HD
SANT-E
SANT-F
(GANT-A)
(GANT-B)
X
X
X
X
X
X
ASAM release is
determined by the
loaded SW version, not
by the HW
No mix with SD
150
Roadmap
ng-AWS
ng-AWS
AWS
AWS
ASAM R5.0
ASAM R4.2
ASAM R4.1
ASAM R4.0
ASAM R3.x
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
151
ASAM - AWS - NG-AWS compatibility matrix
5522 AWS product will be discontinued
latest version is R4.1(.M)
replaced by 5523 NG-AWS
R4.1.10: ASAM supported only by NG-AWS
R4.1.15: NG-AWS supports only ASAM R4.1(.M) features
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
152
NT boards HD and SD overview
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
153
ADSL LT boards HD and SD
Notes
(1) only ETSI-ISDN in R4.1 and R4.1.10
(2) both ETSI-ISDN and G.dmt Annex B in R4.2
(3) both ETSI-ISDN and G.dmt Annex B in R4.1.10
(4) 24 Lines ISDN board
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
154
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
155
Whats happening outside?
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
156
R5 goals?
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
157
Power - Density Evolution
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
144 lines per rack
384 lines per rack (12 lines per board)
576 lines per rack (external splitters)
158
Evolution to All Digital Loop
Key characteristics of the packet based loop
emergency power feeding
very high density DSLAM (~1000 lines per rack)
Universal Integrated DSL Network Termination - Gateway
data interface + POTS lines
LEX
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
159
VDSL architecture
...
770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07
160

7300 ASAM Detail Guide

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7300 ASAM Detail Guide

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A7300 ASAM

3EC 17817 AAAA TQZZA

Unit Data sheets R4.2

3EC 17818 AAAA ACZZA

Hardware Installation procedure R4.2

3EC 17819 AAAA RJZZA

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Access Network Architecture

Concepts & features

Release Feature List

ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of ADSL in an access network.

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Access Network Architecture

ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of xDSL in an access network.

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Network Architecture - Products

Top half: Narrow-Band Access

Bottom half: Broad-Band Access

Left to right: Product ranges

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Network Architecture - Product Ranges

Numbering of Alcatel Carrier Internetworking Department (BND) products.

The Alcatel ASAM or A7300 is located in the Access area.

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE): 71xx & 72xx

A7300: Alcatel ASAM

A7410: Alcatel Access Server

A7670: Alcatel Routing Switch Platform

A7770: Alcatel Routing Core Platform (Xantium)

A5523: Alcatel Next Generation ADSL Work Station (NG-AWS)

A5620: Alcatel Network Manager (formerly Newbridge 46020)

A5735: Alcatel Service Management Centre (SMC)

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Offering ADSL services

Offering xDSL services to subscribers can be done either

An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and also

An ASAM connected to a H-ASAM.

An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and not

An ASAM whose equipment behaviour is suitable for a Central

An ASAM whose equipment is reinforced to cope with street

A small ASAM whose equipment is suitable for DLC

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Also known as the central splitter set-up.

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Splitterless: true splitterless

Also known as the true splitterless set-up.

This set-up is not supported by Alcatel!

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Splitterless: distributed filter

Also known as the distributed splitter set-up.

This set-up is preferred by most operators as it is cheap because no intervention is needed by a

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Competitors for ADSL (1)

Mobile access technologies