Crossroads to Islam: The Origins of the Arab Religion and the Arab State, 2003, 462

pages, Yehuda D. Nevo, Judith Koren, 1591020832, 9781591020837, Prometheus

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In this controversial exploration of the early history of Islam, archaeologist Yehuda D. Nevo and
researcher Judith Koren present a revolutionary theory of the origins and development of the
Islamic state and religion. Whereas most works on this subject derive their view of the history of
this period from the Muslim literature, Crossroads to Islam also examines important types of
evidence hitherto neglected: the literature of the local (Christian) population, archaeological
excavations, numismatics, and especially rock inscriptions. These analyses lay the foundation for a
radical view of the development of Islam. According to Nevo and Koren, the evidence suggests
that the Arabs were in fact pagan when they assumed power in the regions formerly ruled by the
Byzantine Empire. They contend that the Arabs took control almost without a struggle, because
Byzantium had effectively withdrawn from the area long before. After establishing control, the new
Arab elite adopted a simple monotheism influenced by Judaeo-Christianity, which they encountered
in their newly acquired territories, and gradually developed it into the Arab religion. Not until the
mid-8th century was this process completed. This interpretation of the evidence corroborates the
view of other scholars, who on different grounds propose that Islam and the canonized version of
the Koran were preceded by a long period of development. This new view turns on its head the
traditional history of the rise of Islam, which claims that Islam began with Muhammad in Mecca
and Medina around 622; then spread throughout Arabia under his charismatic leadership; and
finally, after Muhammad's death (632), inspired his followers to conquer widespread territories
both in the East and West. By contrast, Nevo and Koren suggest that the rise of the Arab state
created a need for a state religion, eventually called Islam. This absorbing and controversial
rethinking of Islam's early history is must reading for students and scholars of Islamic history and
anyone
interested
in
the
origins
of
the
world's
second
largest
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