Conclusion

As a conclusion, the experiment was a success and all the objectives have been achieved.
From the experiment conducted, we can determine the volume of NaOH titrated. From the result
obtained, we can calculate the rate constant and the rate of reaction. The rate constant, k is
0.0859 min-1. From the graph plotted, it can be seen that the reaction is a first order reaction.
Based on this experiment, the reacting material is Ethyl Acetate and Sodium Hydroxide. So, the
conclusion is the experiment was successful in requiring the rate of reaction and the value of rate
constant, k.
Recommendation

1. Before conducting the experiment, ensure that the equipment was clean and was set up
properly.
2. During titration, the final colour of the mixture must be same for all the 3 titration for each
samples.
3. Titration with NaOH must done properly which in this case, the titration was done with burette
was slightly opened to prevent excessive amount of NaOH dropped into the flask.
4. Observation must be efficiently done while titrating NaOH. The titration must be stopped as
soon as the sample mixture turned colour from colourless to light pink.

References

1. Fogler, H.S. (2006). Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering. 4th Edition, New Jersey:
Prentice Hall.
2. Retrieved from http://sites.tufts.edu/andrewrosen/files/2013/09/reactor_design_guide1.pdf
Retrieved from http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemical-engineering/10-37-chemical-andbiological-reaction-engineering-spring-2007/lecture-notes/lec05_02212007_g.pdf
3.

Appendices
(A) Sample : t = 5 min
(B) Volume of titrating NaOH(mL) = 13.3 mL = 0.0133 L
(C) Volume of quenching HCl Unreacted = CNaOH,std x (B)/CHCl,std
With NaOH in sample (mL)
= 0.1 mol/L x 11.5 mL/0.25 mol
= 5.32 mL
(D) Volume of HCl reacted with NaOH = VHCl (C)
In sample (mL)
=10 mL 5.32 mL
= 4.68 mL = 0.00468 L
(E) Mole of HCl reacted with NaOH in = CHCl,stdx (D)
= 0.25 mol/L x 0.00468 mL
= 1.17x10-3mol
(F) Mole of NaOH unreacted in sample = (E)
= 1.17x10-3mol
(G) Concentration of NaOH unreacted = (E)
Vs
= 1.17x10-3mol
0.05L
= 0.0234mol/L
(H) Steadt state fraction conversion

= 1 CA
CA0

= 1 (0.0234mol/L)/0.05(mol/L)
= 0.532

(I) Concentration of NaOH reacted

With Ethyl Acetate(mol/L)
= 0.0266mol/L

= CNaOH,0 (G)
= 0.05 mol/L 0.0234mol/L

(J) Mole of NaOH reacted with

Ethyl Acetate in sample(mol)
= 1.33 x 10-3mol

= (I) x Vs
= 0.0266mol/L X 0.05 L

(K) Concentration of ethyl acetate

= (J)/Vs
Reacted with NaOH(mol/L) = 1.33 x 10-3mol mol/ 0.05 L
= 0.0266mol/L
(L) Concentratin of Ethyl Acetate
Unreacted (mol/L)
= 0.0734mol/L

= CEA,0 (K)
= 0.1 mol/L 0.0266mol/L

Sample : t = 10 min
(A) Volume of titrating NaOH(mL) = 13.9 mL = 0.0139 L
(B) Volume of quenching HCl Unreacted = CNaOH,std x (B)/CHCl,std
With NaOH in sample (mL)
= 0.1 mol/L x 13.9 mL/0.25 mol
= 5.56 mL
(C) Volume of HCl reacted with NaOH = VHCl (C)
In sample (mL)
=10 mL 5.56 mL
= 4.44 mL = 0.00444 L
(D) Mole of HCl reacted with NaOH in = CHCl,stdx (D)
= 0.25 mol/L x 0.00444 mL
= 1.11x10-3mol
(E) Mole of NaOH unreacted in sample = (E)
= 1.11x10-3mol
(F) Concentration of NaOH unreacted = (E)
Vs
= 1.11x10-3mol
0.05L
= 0.0222mol/L

(G) Steadt state fraction conversion

= 1 CA
CA0

= 1 (0.0222mol/L)/0.05(mol/L)
= 0.556

(H) Concentration of NaOH reacted

With Ethyl Acetate(mol/L)
= 0.0278mol/L

= CNaOH,0 (G)
= 0.05 mol/L 0.0222mol/L

(I) Mole of NaOH reacted with

Ethyl Acetate in sample(mol)
= 1.39 x 10-3mol

= (I) x Vs
= 0.0278mol/L X 0.05 L

(J) Concentration of ethyl acetate

= (J)/Vs
Reacted with NaOH(mol/L) = 1.39 x 10-3mol mol/ 0.05 L
= 0.0278mol/L
(K) Concentratin of Ethyl Acetate
Unreacted (mol/L)
= 0.0722mol/L

= CEA,0 (K)
= 0.1 mol/L 0.0278mol/L

(A) Sample : t = 15 min

(B) Volume of titrating NaOH(mL) = 14.3 mL = 0.0143 L
(C) Volume of quenching HCl Unreacted = CNaOH,std x (B)/CHCl,std
With NaOH in sample (mL) = 0.1 mol/L x 14.3 mL/0.25 mol
= 5.72 mL
(D) Volume of HCl reacted with NaOH = VHCl (C)
In sample (mL)
=10 mL 5.72 mL
= 4.28 mL = 0.00428 L

(E) Mole of HCl reacted with NaOH in = CHCl,stdx (D)

= 0.25 mol/L x 0.00428 mL
= 1.07x10-3mol
(F) Mole of NaOH unreacted in sample = (E)
= 1.07x10-3mol
(G) Concentration of NaOH unreacted = (E)
Vs
= 1.07x10-3mol
0.05L
= 0.0214mol/L
(H) Steadt state fraction conversion

= 1 CA
CA0

= 1 (0.0214mol/L)/0.05(mol/L)
= 0.572

(I) Concentration of NaOH reacted

With Ethyl Acetate(mol/L)
= 0.0286mol/L

= CNaOH,0 (G)
= 0.05 mol/L 0.0214mol/L

(J) Mole of NaOH reacted with

Ethyl Acetate in sample(mol)
= 1.43 x 10-3mol

= (I) x Vs
= 0.0286mol/L X 0.05 L

(K) Concentration of ethyl acetate

= (J)/Vs
Reacted with NaOH(mol/L) = 1.43 x 10-3mol mol/ 0.05 L
= 0.0286mol/L

(L) Concentratin of Ethyl Acetate

Unreacted (mol/L)
= 0.0714mol/L

= CEA,0 (K)
= 0.1 mol/L 0.0286mol/L

(A) Sample : t = 20 min

(B) Volume of titrating NaOH(mL) = 14.4 mL = 0.0144 L
(C) Volume of quenching HCl Unreacted = CNaOH,std x (B)/CHCl,std
With NaOH in sample (mL) = 0.1 mol/L x 14.4 mL/0.25 mol
= 5.76 mL
(D) Volume of HCl reacted with NaOH = VHCl (C)
In sample (mL)
=10 mL 5.72 mL
= 4.24 mL = 0.00424 L

(E) Mole of HCl reacted with NaOH in = CHCl,stdx (D)

= 0.25 mol/L x 0.00424 mL
= 1.06x10-3mol
(F) Mole of NaOH unreacted in sample = (E)
= 1.06x10-3mol
(G) Concentration of NaOH unreacted = (E)
Vs
= 1.06x10-3mol
0.05L
= 0.0212mol/L

(H) Steadt state fraction conversion

= 1 CA
CA0

= 1 (0.0212mol/L)/0.05(mol/L)
= 0.576

(I) Concentration of NaOH reacted

With Ethyl Acetate(mol/L)
= 0.0288mol/L

= CNaOH,0 (G)
= 0.05 mol/L 0.0212mol/L

(J) Mole of NaOH reacted with

Ethyl Acetate in sample(mol)
= 1.44 x 10-3mol

= (I) x Vs
= 0.0288mol/L X 0.05 L

(K) Concentration of ethyl acetate

= (J)/Vs
Reacted with NaOH(mol/L) = 1.44 x 10-3mol mol/ 0.05 L
= 0.0288mol/L
(L) Concentratin of Ethyl Acetate
Unreacted (mol/L)
= 0.0712mol/L

= CEA,0 (K)
= 0.1 mol/L 0.0288mol/L

(A) Sample : t = 25 min

(B) Volume of titrating NaOH(mL) = 14.4 mL = 0.0144 L
(C) Volume of quenching HCl Unreacted = CNaOH,std x (B)/CHCl,std
With NaOH in sample (mL) = 0.1 mol/L x 14.4 mL/0.25 mol
= 5.76 mL

(D) Volume of HCl reacted with NaOH = VHCl (C)

In sample (mL)
=10 mL 5.72 mL
= 4.24 mL = 0.00424 L

(E) Mole of HCl reacted with NaOH in = CHCl,stdx (D)

= 0.25 mol/L x 0.00424 mL
= 1.06x10-3mol
(F) Mole of NaOH unreacted in sample = (E)
= 1.06x10-3mol
(G) Concentration of NaOH unreacted = (E)
Vs
= 1.06x10-3mol

0.05L
= 0.0212 mol/L
(H) Steadt state fraction conversion

= 1 CA
CA0

= 1 (0.0212mol/L)/0.05(mol/L)
= 0.576

(I) Concentration of NaOH reacted

With Ethyl Acetate(mol/L)
= 0.0288 mol/L

= CNaOH,0 (G)
= 0.05 mol/L 0.0212 mol/L

(J) Mole of NaOH reacted with

Ethyl Acetate in sample(mol)
= 1.44 x 10-3mol

= (I) x Vs
= 0.0288 mol/L X 0.05 L

(K) Concentration of ethyl acetate

= (J)/Vs
Reacted with NaOH(mol/L) = 1.44 x 10-3mol mol/ 0.05 L
= 0.0288 mol/L
(L) Concentratin of Ethyl Acetate
Unreacted (mol/L)
= 0.0712 mol/L

= CEA,0 (K)
= 0.1 mol/L 0.0288 mol/L

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Unit (Model SOLTEQ, BP100)

Physical appearance of samples after undergoes titration process.