ASSSIGNMENT: APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

DERIVATIVE AS A RATE MEASURE

Q1. The volume of a cube is increasing at a constant rate. Prove that the increase in
surface area varies inversely as the length of the edge of the cube.
Q2.An airforce plane is ascending vertically at the rate of 100km/h . If the radius of the
earth is r km , how fast is the area of the earth, visible from the plane, increasing at 3
minutes after it started ascending? Given that the visible area A at height h is given by
A = 2 r 2 r +h h .
Q3.A man 2 maters high, walks at a uniform speed of 6 meters per minute away from a
lamp post, 5 meters high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow increase.
( Ans : 4 meters / min ute)
Q4.Water is dripping out from a conical funnel of semi-vertical angle 4 at the uniform
rate of 2 cm 2 / sec in its surface area through a tiny hole at the vertex in the bottom.
When the slant height of the water is 4 cm, find the rate of decrease of the slant height of
the water. ( Ans : 42 cm / sec).
3
Q5. Water is dripping out from a conical funnel at a unifrom rate of 4 cm /sec through
a tiny hole at the vertex in the bottom. When the slant height of the water is 3cm, find the
rate of decrease of the slant height of the water - cone. Given that the vertical angle of
32
o
the funnel is 120 . ( Ans: 27 cm / sec )

Q6. Water is running into a conical vessel, 15cm deep and 5 cm in radius, at the rate of
3
0.1 cm /sec . When the water is 6 cm deep, find at what rate is

( i ) the water level rising?

( ii ) the water-surface area increasing?
( iii ) the wetted surface of the vessel increasing?

1
40

cm / sec ,

cm 2 / sec)
Q7. Find an angle , which increases twice as fast as its sine. (Ans: 3 )
Q8. A ballon in the form of a right circular cone surrmounted by a hemisphere, having a
diameter equal to the height of the cone, is being infalted. How fast is its volume
changing with respect to its toatl height h , when h = 9cm.
1
30

cm 2 / sec,

(Ans:

10
30

(Ans: 12 cm3 / sec )

Q9. The volume of metal in a hollow sphere is constant. If the inner radius is increasing
at the rate of 1 cm/sec, find the rate of increase of the outer radius when the radii are
4cm and 8cm respectively. (Ans: 14 cm / sec )
Q10.A kite 120 m high and 130 m of string is out. If the kite is moving away horizontally
at the rate of 52 m/sec, find the rate at which the string is being paid out. (Ans: 20m/sec
)

Q11. A particle moves along the curve y =

2
3

x 3 + 1 . Find the points on the curve at

which the y - coordinate is changing twice as fast as the x - coordinate. (Ans: ( 1, 53 ) and

( 1, 13 )

ERROR AND APPROXIMATION

Q12. Use differentials to find the approximate value of
( i ) 0.037 ( ii ) loge ( 4.01) , where loge 4 = 1.3863
1o = 0.01745

1
( iv ) sin ( 1422 ) ( v ) cos ( 1136 ) ( vi ) ( 2.002
)

( iii ) tan 46o , where

( vii ) 0.48 ( viii ) cos ( 61o ) ,

it

o
o
being given that sin 60 = 0.86603 and 1 = 0.01745 radian.
(Ans: 0.1925, 1.3888, 1.03490, 1, 0.575575, 0.2495, 0.693, 0.4849, )
Q13.If y = x 4 10 and if x changes from 2 to 1.99, what is the approximate change in
y ?(Ans: 5.68)
Q14. A circular metal plate expands under heating so that its radius increases by 2%.
Find the approximate increase in the area of the plate if the radius of the plate before
heating is 10cm. (Ans: 4 )
2
Q15. Find the approximate value of f ( 2.01) , where f ( x ) = 4 x + 5 x + 2 .

(Ans: 28.21)
ROLLES/MEAN VALUE THEOREMS
Q16.Discuss the applicability of Rolle's/Lagranges theorem for the following functions
on the indicated intervals:
2
( i ) f ( x ) = x on [ 1,1] ( ii ) f ( x ) = 3 + ( x 2 ) 3 on [ 1,3]
x 2 + 1, when 0 x 1
f
x
=
( )
( iii ) f ( x ) = tan x
[ 0, ]
3 x, when 1<x 2
on
(iv)
f ( x ) = [ x ] for 1 x 1
x
(v)
, where [ ] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x .
1
f ( x ) = sin
f ( x ) = 2 x 2 5 x + 3 [ 1,3]
x for 1 x 1
(vi)
(vii)
on
4 x + 5, 0 x 1
f ( x)
2 x 3 , 1<x 2
(viii)
Q17. Verify Rolles theorem for each of the following functions on the indicated
intervals:
f ( x ) = cos 2 ( x 4 ) [ 0, 2]
f ( x ) = sin 2 x
0, 2]
(i)
on
(ii)
on [
sin x
f ( x) =
on [ 0, ]
f ( x ) = e x sin x
0, ]
[
ex
(iii)
on
(iv)

 x 2 + ab
f
x
=
log
(
)
(v)*

on [ a, b ]
x ( a + b )
(vii) f ( x ) = ( x a )

( x b)

(vi) f ( x ) = sin x sin 2 x on [ 0,

on [ a, b ] , where m ,n are positive integers.

3
2
Q18. It is given that f ( x ) = x 6 x + ax + b on [ 1,3] , Rolles theorem holds with
1
c = 2+
. Find the values of a and b, if f ( 1) = f ( 3) = 0
3
(Ans: a = 11 and b = 6 )
Q19. Verify lagranges theorem for the following:
(i) f ( x ) = ( x 3) ( x 6 ) ( x 9 ) on the interval [ 3,5] . (Ans: c = 4.8 )

(ii) f ( x ) = x ( x 2 ) on [ 1,3] (Ans: c = 2 )

(iii) f ( x ) = x ( x 1) ( x 2 ) on [ 0,1 / 2] (Ans: c = 1

21
)
6

1
)
2
(v) f ( x ) = x 2sin x on [ , ] (Ans: c = ( / 2 ) )
(iv) f ( x ) =

x 2 on [ 2,3] (Ans: c =

(vi) f ( x ) = 2sin x + sin 2 x on [ 0, ] (Ans: c = / 3 )

(vii) f ( x ) = log e x on [ 1, 2] (Ans: c = log 2 e )
TANGENTS AND NORMALS

2
Q20. Find the slope of the normal to the curve x = 1 a sin , y = b cos at =

(Ans:

a
)
2b

Q21. . Find the slope of the normal to the curve x = a cos3 , y = a sin 3 at =

.
2

.
4

(Ans:1)
Q22. Find the points on the curve y = x 3 2 x 2 x at which the tangent lines are parallel
2 14
,
to the line y = 3 x 2. (Ans: ( 2, 2 ) and
)
3 27
Q23. Find a point on the curve y = ( x 3) , where the tangent is parallel to the line
2

joining ( 4,1) and ( 3, 0 ) .(Ans: ( 7 / 2, 1 / 4 ) .

Q24. Find the points on the curve 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 1 , where the tangents are perpendicular
3
3
1
1
,
,
to the line 2 y + x = 0 .(Ans:
and
)
2 10 3 10
2 10 3 10
Q25. Find the points on the curve y = x 3 11x + 5 at which the tangent has the equation
y = x 11 . (Ans: ( 2, 9 ) )

Q26. find the equations of the tangent and the normal to 16 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 144 at ( x1 , y1 )
where x1 = 2 and y1 > 0 .(Ans: 9 5 x 24 y + 14 5 = 0 ).
Q27. Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve x = 1 cos , y = sin at

= / 4 .(Ans:

2 1 x y = 2

Q28. Show that the line

2 1 / 4)

x y
+ = 1 touches the curve y = be x / a at the point where
a b

it crosses the y-axis.

3
Q30. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x 1 ( x 2 ) at the points where
the curve cuts the axis. (Ans: y + 3 x 3 = 0 and 7x-y -14=0 )
Q31.The curve y = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + 5 touches the x-axis at P ( 2, 0 ) and cuts the y-axis

at the point Q where its gradient is 3. Find the equation of the curve completely.
1 3 3 2
(Ans: y = x x + 3 x + 5 )
2
4
Q32. Determine the quadratic curve y = f ( x ) if it touches the line y = x at th point
x2 x 1
+ + )
4 2 4
n
n
x y
x
y
+ = 2 touches the straight line a + b = 2 for all n N , at the
a
b

x = 1 and passes through the point ( 1, 0 ) .(Ans: y =

Q33. Prove that

point ( a, b ) .

Q34. Show that the curves xy = a 2 and x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2 touch each other.

Q35. Show that the curves 4x = y 2 and 4xy = k cut at right angles, if k 2 = 512 .
Q36. Show that the curves 2x = y 2 and 2xy = k cut at right angles if k 2 = 8 .
INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTIONS
Q37. In the following functions find the intervals in which the function is increasing or
decreasing:
x3
(i) f ( x ) = x 4
(Ans: Increases on ( 1 / 4, ) and decreases on ( ,1 / 4 )
3
4 x2 + 1
(ii) f ( x ) =
(Ans: Increases on ( , 1 / 2 ) ( 1 / 2, ) and decreases on
x
1 1
, 0 0, )
2 2
4
3
2
(iii) f ( x ) = x 8 x + 22 x 24 x + 21 (Ans: Increases on ( 1, 2 ) ( 3, ) and decreases
on ( 2,3) ( ,1) )

4
2
(iv) f ( x ) = x 2 x (Ans: Increases on ( 1, 0 ) ( 1, ) and decreases on

( , 1) ( 0,1) )

x
(Ans: Increases on ( 1,1) and decreases on ( , 1) ( 1, ) )
x +1
2
(vi) f ( x ) = 2 log ( x 2 ) x + 4 x + 1 (Ans: Increases on ( 2,3) and Decreases on ( 3, ) )
(v) f ( x ) =

4
4
, 2 and decreases on
(vii) f ( x ) = sin x + cos x (Ans: Increases on 0,
4 4

5
4 , 4 )
MAXIMA AND MINIMA
Q38. Find the local maxima or local minima , if any, of the following function:

(i) f ( x ) = sin x + cos x, in 0, (Ans: Local maxima at x = )
4
2

4
4
(ii) f ( x ) = sin x + cos x in 0 < x < (Ans: Local minimum at x = )
2
4

(iii) f ( x ) = sin 2 x x , < x < , also find the local max. and local min. value of the
2
2

3
function (Ans: Local max. value x =
and the local max. value =

6
2
6
3
and local min . value =
+ )
2
6
3 4
45
3
x 2 + 105 (Local max value 105 at x =0, Local max value
(iv) f ( x ) = x 8 x
4
2
295
231
at x = -5, Local min. value
at x = -3).
4
4
1

(v) f ( x ) = sin x + cos 2 x , where 0 < x < (Ans: Local max. value at x = and
2
2
4
6
1

Local min. value at x = )

2
2
WORD PROBLEMS
Q39. Show that all the rectangle with a given perimeter, the square has the largest area.
Q40. Show that of all the rectangles of given area, the square has the smallest perimeter.
Q41. Show that the rectangle of maximum perimeter which can be inscribed in a circle of
radius a is a square of side 2a .
Q42.If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right angled triangle is
given, show that the area of the triangle is maximum when the angle between them is
/ 3.
Q43. Show that the surface area of closed cuboid with square base and given volume is
minimum, when it is cube.
Q44 Prove that the area of right-angled triangle of given hypotenuse is maximum when
the triangle is isosceles.

Q45. Show that the triangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in given circle is an
equilateral triangle.
Q46. A figure consists of a semi-circle with a rectangle on its diameter. Given the
perimeter P of the figure, find its dimension in order that the area may be maximum.
2P
P
,
(Ans:
)
+ 4 + 4
Q47. Find the volume of the largest cylinder that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius r
4 r 3
cm. (Ans: V =
)
3 3
Q48. Show that a cylinder of a given volume which is open at the top, has minimum total
surface area, provided its height is equal to the radius of its base.
Q49.Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
2a
sphere of radius a is
.
3
Q49. Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface which
can be inscribed in a given cone is half that of the cone.
Q50.Show that of all the rectangles of given area, the square has the smallest perimeter.
Q51.The combined resistance R of two resistors R1 and R2 ( R1 , R2 > 0 ) is given by
1
1
1
=
+
. If R1 + R2 = C (a constant), show that the maximum resistance R is
R R1 R2
obtained by choosing R1 = R2 .
Q52. A beam of length l is supported at one end. If W is the uniform load per unit length,
1
1 2
the bending moment M at a distance x from the end is given by M = lx Wx . Find
2
2
the point on the beam at which the bending moment has the maximum value.
Q53.An open tank with a square base and vertical sides is to be constructed from a metal
sheet so as to hold a given quantity of water. Show that the cost of the material will be
least when depth of the tank is half of its width.
Q54. Find the shortest distance between the line y x = 1 and the curve x = y 2 .
3 2
)
8
Q55.Let AP and BQ be two vertical poles at points A and B respectively. If AP = 16m,
BQ = 22m and AB = 20m, then find the distance of a point R on AB from the point A
such that RP 2 + RQ 2 is minimum.(Ans: 10m)
Q56. If the lengths of three sides of a trapezium other than base are equal to 10cm, then
find the area of trapezium when it is maximum. (Ans: 75 3 cm 2 )
Q57. A given quantity of metal is to be cast into a half cylinder with a rectangular base
and semicircular ends. Show that in order that the total surface area may be minimum,
the ratio of the length of the cylinder to the diameter of its semi-circular ends is
: ( + 2) .
(Ans:

Q58. An open tank is to be constructed with a square base and vertical sides so as to
contain a given quantity of water. Show that the expenses of lining with lead will be least,
if depth is made half of width.
Q59. A closed cylinder has volume 2156cm3 . What will be the radius of its base so that
its total surface area is minimum.(Ans: 7cm)
Q60. Show that the height of the cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
sphere of radius 12cm is 16cm.
Q61. Two sides of a rectangle have lengths a and b and the angle between them is .
What value of will maximize the area of the triangle? Find the maximum area of the

1
triangle also.(Ans: , Area = ab )
2
2
Q62. Show that the maximum volume of the cylinder which can be inscribed in sphere of
radius 5 3 cm is 500 cm3 .
x

Q63. Manufacturer can sell x items at price of rupees 5

each. The cost price is
100

Rs + 500 . Find the number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit.
5

(Ans: 240)
Q64. The strength of a beam varies as the product of its breadth and the square of its
depth. Find the dimensions of the strongest beam which can be cut from a circular log of
2a
2
radius a.(Ans: Breadth =
, Depth = 2a
)
3
3
Q65. the total area of a page is 150 cm 2 . The combined width of the margin at the top
and bottom is 3cm and the side 2 cm. What must be the dimension of the page in order
that the area of the printed matter may be maximum?
(Ans: Length = 15cm, width = 10cm)
Q66. The sum of the surface areas of a sphere and a cube is given. Show that when the
sum of their volume is least, the diameter of the sphere is equal to the edge of the cube.
Q67. Show that the cone of the greatest volume which can be inscribed in a given sphere
has an altitude equal to 2/3 of the diameter of the sphere.
Q68. Prove that a conical tent of given capacity will require the least amount of canvas
when the height is 2 times the radius of the base.
Q69.Find the dimensions of the rectangle of perimeter 36cm which will sweep out a
volume as large as possible when revolved about one of its sides.(Ans: 12cm, 6cm).