Ang mga pulis, pulisya, o kapulisan ay isang

pangkat ng mga taong may hanapbuhay o

trabahong nangangalaga ng katahimikan at
kaayusan, pagpapatupad ng batas, mag-imbistiga
ng mga krimen, at pagbibigay ng proteksiyon sa
publiko o madla. Tinatawag ding pulis na
opisyal ang mga taong nagtatrabaho para sa
kagawaran o departamento ng kapulisan.
Tinatawag ang kanilang tanggapan o himpilan
bilang estasyon ng pulis o himpilan ng pulis.
May mga pook na tumatawag o naglalarawan sa
tanggapan at serbisyo ng pulisya o pagpupulis
bilang mga kabatas, na mga organisasyong
nagpapatupad o tagapagpatupad ng batas,
ahensiyang tagapagpairal ng batas,
tagapagbigay-diin ng batas, o tagapagpasunod sa
batas. Sa Ingles, kaugnay ito o katumbas ng mga
pariralang law enforcer at law enforcement.
-http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulis
Ang Akademya ng Pambansang Pulisya ng
Pilipinas (Ingles: Philippine National Police
Academy) ay isang kolehiyong paaralan na
matatagpuan sa Silang, Cavite, Pilipinas.Ito ay
itinatag noong 1978 at kasalukuyang
pinamumunuan ni Pol. Chief Supt. Alejandro M.
Gutierrez.
Studying Criminology to benefit yourself and
the society around you
There is reason why television shows on crime
are so popular. The entire science of discovering
the who, what, where, when and why of crime is
so interesting that even the most minute details
and discoveries can cause a view to be on the
edge of their seat. It is for this reason that so
many students have begun to enter the field of
Criminology. Becoming a Criminologist gives
you a front row seat to solving crime, and
although it is an extremely interesting career
path, is not nearly as glamorous as portrayed on
television.
Although it involves science, for the most part
you couldn't be a good Criminologist unless you
had analytical thinking skills and the ability to
think subjectively about the world around you.
When studying criminology, you will be
exposed to course work beyond the scope of
simple criminology. All of these will affect your
ability to reason deductively and perform your
job to the best of your ability.

What specifically does a criminologist do?

Criminology is the very basic study of crime. If
you've ever heard the term "profiling" you will
have hit upon one of the many tasks that is up to
the criminologist. Working with law
enforcement agencies such as the local police or
as high up as the FBI, criminologists analyze
crime, criminals, and patterns in order to create
profiles both complex and simple. Profiling
assists in capturing criminals in that you can get
inside their heads prior to the crime being
committed. In this way, the criminologist also
assists in preventing crime, as police officers can
identify behaviors and work to avoid situations
before they arise. In addition, the criminologist
will analyze the criminal justice system at large
and identify patterns in laws and how they are
broken.
To become a criminologist, you will need an
Undergraduate degree with a major in
Criminology. Courses taken during your time at
University will include basic and abnormal
psychology, criminal and constitutional law,
sociology, and computer science. For those who
wish advancement in their field, a Masters
degree in Criminology is preferred.
When entering this field, you can expect
employment with local police, FBI or CIA, or as
a medical examiner. If you have a higher degree
and experience, you can also become a professor
at a University. As well, you could find a job as
a social worker, security officer, or as a profiler
for a large corporation.
The average salary for a person who chooses to
be a criminologist is approximately $60,000 per
year. For those with advanced degrees, the
ability to make $100,000 per year is not out of
reach. This is a career field that is rapidly
growing, as the need to eliminate crime before it
happens has never been more important to the
safety and security of our country.
A criminologist has the benefit of providing a
real service to those who employ them. Not only
do they assist their employers in solving and
preventing crime, they assist the public by
making our neighborhoods and cities safer

places to live. If altruism is your focus,

becoming a criminologist is a sure to be a
fulfilling career.
If you want to start or accelerate your career in
the field of criminology, explore these accredited
online criminology degree programs and request
more information from our accredited colleges
and universities today.
What is the nature of criminology?
It is an applied science- in the study of the
causes of crimes, study of man, anthropology,
psychology, sociology and other natural sciences
may be applied. While in crime detection,
chemistry, medicine, physics mathematics,
ballistics, polygraphy, legal medicine,
questioned document examination may be
utilized. This is called Instrumentation.
It is a social science- is as much as crime is a
social creation and that it exists in a society
being a social phenomenon, its study must be
considered a part of social science.
It is dynamic- criminology changes as social
condition changes. It is concomitant with the
advancement of science that have been applied
to it.
It is nationalistic- the study of crimes must be in
relation with the existing criminal law within a
territory or country.
Three Main Branches of Criminology
Three Main Branches of Criminology Sociology
12 Criminal Etiology Penology Penology also
looks at the reasons for various societal
responses to crime: This Includes: For Example
Sociology of Law refers to the origins, nature,
application and modification of our criminal
laws. Sociology of Law Laws reflect cultural
values. They will differ significantly across
societies and will change over time to reflect
changing values, beliefs and social realities.
Criminal etiology refers to the study of the
causes of criminal behavior Criminals are
individuals who have ambitious goals but have
no legal way to reach them
Criminal behavior is learned from those with
whom we spend time Penology explores the
agencies and processes concerned with the
apprehension and treatment of offenders.
The desire for retribution (ie. eye for an eye)

The desire for restoration (ie. taking whatever

steps are necessary to undo negative effects of
the offense The Police
The Courts
The Correctional System Laws are consciously
created and maintained by members of a society.
It looks to explain criminal behavior
Criminology is the study of crime. More
accurately, it is the study of crime as a social
trend--its overall origins, its various
manifestations and its impact upon society as a
whole. That makes it more a form of sociology
than a law enforcement tool. But the trends it
studies have a huge impact on the way the police
do their jobs, the way society treats its criminals,
and the way a given community goes about
maintaining law and order.
Each discipline is unique and has especial value
and importance. Some disciplines have value
and importance primarily in theoretical sense,
whereas others are important for their practical
value. The science of criminology is important
and valuable both in practical and theoretical
senses. The science of criminology is related to
society and society has been likened to an
organism. This fact makes plain and evident the
value and significance of the science of
criminology. The scope of criminology is the
various social crimes and disturbances in their
each and every aspect. As the science of
medicine studies various ills and their cures
which afflict human body, in the same manner
criminology studies ills and their cures of
society. The value and significance of the
science of criminology is theoretical as well as
practical. Its theoretical importance lies in the
fact that it investigates and determines the cause
of social disintegration. The practical or applied
aspect of this science is that besides determining
the factors and causes of social disintegration, it
also studies the ways and means of preventing or
eradicating these evils, that is, remedial
measures. This multifaceted value and
significance of criminology is brought out by
following facts.
Theoretical significance of Criminology

Explaining the theoretical significance of the

science of criminology the eminent
criminologist Sutherland writes; This
knowledge will contribute to the development of
other social studies and through other social
studies it will contribute to efficiency in general
social control.
The foregoing observation of Sutherland is
extremely significant as it brings into relief the
theoretic importance and value of the science of
criminology. The chief theoretic benefits of
criminology are the following:
(1) Knowledge of Crime-Data-In every social
community and group, there are always some
criminals and incidence of crime. It is not
humanly possible to bring about an ideal
republic or perfect society in which every
chance of criminal behaviour has been
eliminated. The nature of crime and criminals
may undergo sea-change, but the very existence
of crime cannot be uprooted. This is not difficult
to appreciate. In crime psychosis we have two
kinds of factors: personal and social .It is not
possible to eliminate the aggressive and
acquisitive tendencies from man and, again, it is
equally impossible to eliminate all inequalities
and anomalies from any society. This is borne
out by the fact that even under communist
regime crimes are not non-existent. Therefore,
given the kinds of men and societies known to
man, we can safely say that each society, even a
social group, harbours some criminals. A
systematic, scientific and unbiased study of
criminology furnishes us with factual, true and
realistic data about crimes and criminals; this
results in increase in our knowledge. By
studying criminology we also learn about the
kinds or types of crimes and criminals and also
about the modus essendi as well as modus
operandi of crimes. This enables us to compile
what may be called taxonomy of crime, that is,
an extensive and deep classification of crimes.
We also learn about the causes and reasons of
criminals behaviour.
(2) Penal Legislation-The science of
___________ upon the penal legislation, that is,
it helps formulation of rational and humane laws
regarding crime and punishment. Criminology
attempts both extensive and intensive study of
crime under all perspectives and by taking into
account every possible viewpoint. Thus its

analysis and description of crime is scientific,

authentic and reliable. This analytical
description helps in determination of the exact
causes of various categories of crime, and this
information, in turn, helps to formulate
preventive and remedial laws regarding crime.
Besides helping to make laws, criminology also
carries out extensive surveys regarding the
impact of various laws on the actual incidence of
crime. It is found that a particular law, instead of
curbing crime, encourages it, the law is amended
in the light of fresh evidence. Thus, the various
laws regarding prohibition and narcotics are
cases in point. In the light of modern knowledge
gained by extensive surveys and in-depth
studies, there are proposals to declare suicide not
criminal. In Denmark and many other civilized
nations, pornography has been declared noncriminal. This has had salutary impact upon
society. In England, homosexuality among
consenting adults is now no longer criminal.
Thus we find that constant review of the
relationship between crime and law help to make
penal laws more and more rational and humane.
Even in a highly orthdox society like Indian,
abortion has been made non-criminal. There is
also growing public opinion in favour of
relaxation of obscenity laws in India. Kissing
and nudity on screen should be permissible is
the view of G. D. Khosla Commission. The
rationale behind all such moves is the discovery
by Criminologists that greater the repression of
natural instincts, greater the thwarting of
sensuous pleasure, greater is the incidence of
perversions and sadistic crimes. It is better to let
people decide what is good for them and as long
as this good does not contravene the rights of
others, it must be allowed. From the above
discussion it is plain that the science of
criminology goes a long way in rationalizing
and humanizing the penal legislation.
(3) Information about White-Collar Crime-To an
average man, the nature and number of crimes is
quite definite. Asked to enumerate crimes, he
will name only murder, assault, dacoity, rape,
loot and arson, burglary and theft, sodomy and
reduction as the only instances of crime. He may
have difficulty in appreciating that maltreatment
of ones cattles, bestiality with them are
criminal. But he will certainly be baffled if he is
told that misuse of power, nepotism etc; are

criminal and equally, if not more, harmful to

society than other crimes. However, the not
easily recognizable crimes are not considered
crime by an average person because they are
committed by well-to-do, upper-bracket persona
and normally involve little violence. But such
acts, whosoever may commit them, are very
much criminal. For example, if a man earns a
huge ransom by letting out the secrets of
someone, he is indulging in black mail. The
private secretaries and yalets of top political and
finance magnets usually have access to many
intimate secrets and there is strong temptation to
earn big money by the threatening exposure.
Many innocent persons are made victims of this
vicious commercial mal practices, for example,
under-invoicing, graft etc. To gain some
advantage by production of false testimonials is
an act of forgery and the crime of forgery is
quite widespread. Again, sexual abuse of private
secretaries is fairly common in advanced
countries. All these are white-collar criminals
and their crimes are really criminal activity. The
Watergate scandal threatening the office of
President Nixon is a classic instance of whitecollar crime.
The Practical Importance of Criminology
Apart from having theoretical value and
importance, criminology also has much practical
use and importance. In the words of Sutherland,
Criminology is concerned with the immediate
application of knowledge to the programmes of
social control of crime. Following are some of
the specific practical uses of criminology.
(1) Elimination of Crimes-The elimination of
crime is one of the specific aim of criminology.
It helps society in controlling and eliminating
the crime both directly and indirectly. It is most
obvious that if one knows the cause of a malady,
its cure becomes easy. It is a truism in medical
practice that correct diagnosis is more than half
the cure. The same holds good in regard to the
phenomenon of crime. By the knowledge of the
causes of the crime, we can undertake specific
measures to remove them.
(2) Helpful in understanding the Psychology of
the Criminal-Criminology is practical study.
With the help of its knowledge we can easily
assess the attitudes and opinions of the
criminals. The study of criminology helps us to
pin-point the factors responsible for the various

crimes, that is, we learn as to how a particular

crime is generated. There by we are able to
correlate specific crime with specific set of
circumstances. Apart form learning about the
psychology of crime, the knowledge of
criminology helps us to classify the criminals,
that is, we are enabled to correlate personal
factors like age, family and social background,
education and physical environs, physical and
mental traits with different types of crime. Thus
for example, it may be revealed traits with
different types of crime. Thus for example, it
may be revealed that sexual crimes are
committed, contrary to general impression, by
persons with low sex-drive rather than by
highly-sexed persons. A prostitute-monger may
be consorting with different women so as to
cover up the self consciousness and guilt over
inadequate performance or he may be doing so
in order to receive the thrill of personal quirks
and varied techniques of arousal exercise by the
professional sex-vendors. These facts make it
abundantly clear that the study of criminology
goes a long way in helping us to appreciate the
psychology of crime and criminal.
(3) Reforms of Criminals-Besides controls,
prevention and elimination of crime, it is the
important task and responsibility of the science
of criminology to device and suggest measures
for the reforms and rehabilitation of the
criminal. For example, to wean a prostitute from
the sale of her bodily wares, we must know how
and why she has taken to this profession. In the
societies which do not stigmatize such persons
and are prepared to accept them, the task is
relatively easy. Again, it is easy if the prostitute
has taken to this profession from economic
hardships and other compulsions but it disgusted
with what she is doing. But if, on the contrary,
either the society is orthodox or the prostitutes
like and enjoy what they are doing, the task of
reform is extremely difficult, if not impossible.
(4) Reforms of Evil Forces-Every society are
under the influence of certain evil forces and
their removal is the concern of every wellmeaning member of the society. The science of
criminology helps us a great deal in appreciating
and understanding these evil forces and, thus,
enables us to device ways and means for the
effective check of those forces.