LEE KIAN KEONG

10

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

10: Differential Equations

Differential Equations

1. [STPM ]
Variables t and y, with t 0 and y > 0, are related by
dy
1
= y(2 y),
dt
2
2et
.
1 + et
Show that y 2 when t . Sketch the graph of y versus t.
6
9
Find the difference in the values of t when y changes from to .
5
5
with the condition y = 1 when t = 0. Show that y =

[8 marks]
[4 marks]
[3 marks]

[Answer : 1.7917]
2. [STPM ]
dy
dy
at point (x, y) satisfies equation (x2 3)
=
dx
dx
4x(3 + y). Show that the equation of the curve is y = 3(x2 2)(x2 4).
[6 marks]

A curve passes through point (2, 0) such that its gradient

Sketch the curve.

[3 marks]

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve and the x-axis.

[6 marks]

[Answer :

48
(6 2 4)]
5

with the condition v = 2 when t = 1. Find v in terms of t and sketch the graph of v versus t.

[8 marks]

3. [STPM ]

(a) Variables t and v, with 0 < t < 2, is related by the differential equation
t

dv
= v 2 v,
dt

(b) Show that

d
(1 + x )
dx
2

3
2

1 + x2

= (1 + x2 )

dy
xy,
dx

where y is a function of x. Hence, solve the differential equation

(1 + x2 )

dy
xy = x(1 + x2 ),
dx

with the condition y = 1 when x = 0.

[7 marks]

[Answer : (a) v =

2
; (b) y = 1 + x2 ]
2t

4. [STPM ]

(a) Solve the differential equation

(1 x)(1 + x2 )

dy
+ (2 x + x2 )y = (1 x)2 , x < 1,
dx

with the condition y = 3 when x = 0.

[8 marks]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

10: Differential Equations

5. [STPM ]
Solve the differential equation
dy
= (x + 1)(y + 1),
dx
with x > 0 and y > 1, and y = 2 when x = 1. Give your answer in the form y = f (x).
x

[Answer : y = 3xex1 1]
6. [STPM ]
Find the particular solution for the differential equation
x2
1
dy
+
y= 2
.
dx x(x 1)
x (x 1)
that satisfies the boundary condition y =

3
when x = 2.
4

[8 marks]

2x 1
]
x2

[Answer : y =
7. [STPM ]
The variables t and x are connected by
dx
= 2t(x 1),
dt
where x 6= 1. Find x in terms of t if x = 2 when t = 1.

[5 marks]
2

[Answer : x = et

+ 1]

8. [STPM ]
v
Using the substitution y = 2 , show that the differential equation
x
2y
dy
+ y2 =
dx
x
may be reduced to
dv
v2
= 2.
dx
x
[3 marks]

Hence, find the general solution of the original differential equation.

[4 marks]

[Answer : y =

1
]
Ax2 x

9. [STPM ]
d
2
(ln tan x) =
.
dx
sin 2x
Hence, find the solution of the differential equation
Show that

(sin 2x)
for which y =

[2 marks]

dy
= 2y(1 y)
dx

1
1
when x = . Express y explicitly in terms of x in your answer.
3
4

[8 marks]

[Answer : y =

kkleemaths.com

tan x
]
2 + tan x

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

10: Differential Equations

10. [STPM ]
Find the general solution of the differential equation
x

dy
3y = x3 .
dx
[4 marks]

Find the particular solution given that y has a minimum value when x = 1.

[3 marks]

Sketch the graph of this particular solution.

[3 marks]

1
3

[Answer : y = x3 ln x + Cx3 ; y = x3 ln x x3 ]
11. [STPM ]
Find the general solution of the differential equation
x

dy
= y 2 y 2.
dx
[6 marks]

[Answer : y =

2 + Ax3
]
1 Ax3

12. [STPM ]
The variables x and y, where x > 0, satisfy the differential equation
x2

dy
= y 2 xy.
dx

Using the substitution y = ux, show that the given differential equation may be reduced to
x

du
= u2 2u.
dx

Hence, show that the general solution of the given differential equation may be expressed in the form y =
where A is an arbitrary constant.

2x
,
1 + Ax2
[10 marks]

Find the equation of the solution curve which passes through the point (1,4) and sketch this solution curve.
[4 marks]

[Answer : y =

4x
]
2 x2

13. [STPM ]
Show that the substitution u = x2 + y transforms the differential equation
(1 x)

dy
+ 2y + 2x = 0
dx

into the differential equation

(1 x)

du
= 2u.
dx
[3 marks]

14. [STPM ]
Find the particular solution of the differential equation
ex

dy
y 2 (x + 1) = 0
dx

for which y = 1 when x = 0. Hence, express y in terms of x.

kkleemaths.com

[7 marks]

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

10: Differential Equations

[Answer : y =

ex
]
2 + x ex

15. [STPM ]
Using the substitution z =

1
, show that the differential equation
y
2y
dy

= y2
dx
x

may be reduced to
dz
2z
+
= 1.
dx
x
[2 marks]

Hence, find the particular solution y in terms of x for the differential equation given that y = 3 when x = 1.
[6 marks]

Sketch the graph y.

[3 marks]

[Answer : y =

3x2
]
2 x3

16. [STPM ]
Find the general solution of the differential equation
2 ln x
1 dy
=
.
x dx
cos y
[5 marks]

1
2

[Answer : sin y = x2 ln x x2 + c]
17. [STPM ]
Using the substitution y = vx, show that the differential equation
xy

dy
x2 y 2 = 0
dx

may be reduced to
vx

dv
= 1.
dx
[3 marks]

Hence, find the particular solution that satisfies y = 2 and x = 1.

[6 marks]

[Answer : y 2 = 2x2 (ln x + 2)]

18. [STPM ]
The variables x and y, where x > 0 and y > 0, satisfy the differential equation
dy
y(y + x)
=
.
dx
x(y x)
Show that the substitution y = ux transforms the given differential equation into the differential equation
2u
du
=
.
dx
x(u 1)
[3 marks]

1
Hence, find the solution of the given differential equation for which y = 2 when x = .
2
kkleemaths.com

[6 marks]

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

10: Differential Equations

y

[Answer : y = 4x + x ln xy or xy = e x 4 ]
19. [STPM ]
Differentiate yex with respect to x. Hence, find the solution of the differential equation
dy
y = ex cos x
dx
for which y = 1 when x = 0.

[6 marks]

[Answer : ex

dy
; yex = sin x + 1]
dx

20. [STPM ]
The variables x and y, where x > 0, satisfy the differential equation
x2

dy
= 2xy + y 2 .
dx

Using the substitution y = ux, show that the given differential equation can be transformed into
x

du
= u + u2 .
dx
[3 marks]

x
Show that the general solution of the transformed differential equation can be expressed as u =
, where A
Ax
is an arbitrary constant.
[7 marks]
Hence, find the particular solution of the given differential equation which satisfies the condition that y = 2 when
x = 1.
[3 marks]
[Answer : y =

2x2
]
3 2x

21. [STPM ]
Find the solution of the differential equation
dy
2xy

= ex (1 + x2 )
dx 1 + x2
given that y = 3 when x = 0.

[8 marks]

[Answer : y = (ex + 2)(1 + x2 )]

22. [STPM ]
x2
.
x1
Hence, find the particular solution of the differential equation

Show that e

x2
dx
x(x1)

[4 marks]

dy
x2
1
+
y= 2
dx x(x 1)
x (x 1)
which satisfies the boundary condition y =

3
when x = 2.
4

[4 marks]

[Answer : y =

kkleemaths.com

2x 1
]
x2

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

10: Differential Equations

23. [STPM ]
The variables x and y, where x, y > 0, are related by the differential equation
dy
2y
+ y2 = .
dx
x
Using the substitution y =

u
, show that the differential equation may be reduced to
x2
du
u2
= 2.
dx
x
[3 marks]

Solve this differential equation, and hence, find y, in terms of x, with the condition that y = 1 when x = 1.
[6 marks]

[Answer : y =

1
]
x(2x 1)

24. [STPM ]
Show that the substitution y = ux transform the differential equation
y
dy
= y 2x cot
x
dx
x
into the differential equation
x

du
= 2 cot u.
dx
[3 marks]

Hence, find the solution of the given differential equation satisfying the condition y = 0 when x = 1. Give your
answer in the form y = f (x).
[5 marks]
[Answer : y = x cos1 x2 ]
25. [STPM ]
Using the substitution u = ln y, show that the non-linear differential equation
x

dy
+ (3x + 1)y ln y = ye2x
dx

can be transformed into the linear differential equation

x

du
+ (3x + 1)u = e2x .
dx
[4 marks]

Solve this linear differential equation, and hence, find the solution of the original non-linear differential equation,
given that y = 1 when x = 1.
[9 marks]
Find the limiting value of y as x .

[2 marks]

[Answer : y = e
26. [STPM ]
The variables x and y, where x, y > 0 are related by the differential equation
xy
Show that the substitution u =

dy
+ y 2 = 3x4 .
dx

y
transforms the above differential equation into
x2


du
1 u2
x
=3
,
dx
u
kkleemaths.com

e2x
x

13x

e x

; 1]

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

10: Differential Equations

and find u2 in terms of x.

[9 marks]

Hence, find the particular solution of the original differential equation which satisfies the condition y = 2 when
x = 1.
[3 marks]
[Answer : u2 = 1

A
3
; y 2 = x4 + 2 ]
x6
x

27. [STPM ]
Solve the differential equation
2
dy
y = x2 e2x .
dx x
[6 marks]

1
2

[Answer : y = x2 e2x + Cx2 ]

kkleemaths.com