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Week 12 Solutions - ENB222

14-41

The air in a room is at 1 atm, 32 C, and 60 percent relative humidity. Determine (a) the
specific humidity, (b) the enthalpy, in kJ/kg dry air, (c) the wet-bulb temperature, (d) the
dew-point temperature, and (e) the specific volume of the air, in m3 /kg dry air. Use psychrometric chart.
From Table A-31
(a) w = 0.0181 kgH2 O per kgdry
(b) h = 78.4 kJ/kgdry

air

air

(c) Twb = 25.5 C


(d) Tdp = 23.3 C
(e) v = 0.890 m3 /kgdry

air

14-60C

Why is the metabolic rate of women, in general, lower than that of men? What is the effect
of clothing on the environmental temperature that feels comfortable?
(i) In general women are smaller than men. As metabolic rate is proportional to size women
tend to have a lower metabolic rate.
(ii) Clothing serves as insulation. Therefore, the thicker the clothing the lower the environmental temperature that feels comfortable.

14-61C

What is sensible head? How is sensible heat loss from a human body effected by the (a) skin
temperature, (b) environment temperature, and (c) air-motion?
Sensible heat is the energy associated with a temperature change. The sensible heat loss
from a human body increases as
(a) the skin temperature increases
(b) the environment temperature decreases, and
(c) the air motion (and thus the convection heat transfer coefficient) increases.

14-62C

What is latent heat? How is latent heat loss effected by (a) the skin wettedness? and (b) the
relative humidity of the environment? How is the rate of evaporation from the body related
to the rate of latent heat loss?
Latent heat is the energy released as the substance condenses on a cold surface or the
energy absorbed as a liquid evaporates.
Latent heat loss from a human body increases as,
(a) skin wetness increases.
(b) relative humidity of the environment decreases.

rate of evaporation = rate of mass transf er latent heat of vaporisation


Q latent =
m
vapor
hf g

14-71

Air enters a 40 cm diameter cooling section at 1 atm, 32 C, and 30% relative humidity at
18 m/s. Heat is removed from the air at a rate of 1200 kJ/min. Determine (a) the exit
temperature, (b) the exit relative humidity of the air, and (c) the exit velocity.
From Table A-31
v1 = 0.877 m3 kg 1
w1 = 0.0089 kgH2 O /kgdry
h1 = 55 kJ/kgdry air

air

As there is no humidification/dehumidification w2 = w1
Mass Flow Rate,
2
m
= V1vA1 1 = 180.2
= 2.58 kg/s
0.877
Energy Balance
E in E out = E
Q out = m(h
2 h1 )
Q out =

1200
60

= 20 kJ/s

Q
20
h2 = m
+ h1 = 2.58
+ 55 = 47.2 kJ/kgdry

air

From Table A-31 (Use same w position and h2 )


T2 = 24.4 C
2 = 46.6%
v2 = 0.856 m3 /kgdry

air

As m
1=m
2
V1 A 1
v1

V2 A 2
v2

and A1 = A2
therefore,
V2 =

V1 v 2
v1

V1
v1

= V2 v2
180.856
0.877

= 17.6 m/s

14-80

An air-conditioning system operates at a total pressure of 1 atm and consists of a heating


section and a humidifier that supplies wet steam (saturated water vapor) at 100 C. Air
enters the heating section at 10 C and 70 percent relative humidity at a rate of 35 m2 /min.
and it leaves the humidifying section at 20 C and 60 percent relative humidity. Determine
(a) the temperature and relative humidity of air when it leaves the heating section, (b) the
rate of heat transfer in the heating section, and (c) the rate at which water is added to the
air in the humidifying section.
Table A-31
h1 = 23.5 kJ/kgdry air
w1 = 0.0053 kgH2 O /kgdry
v1 = 0.809 m3 /kgdry air
h3 = 42.3 kJ/kgdry air
w3 = 0.0087 kgH2 O /kgdry
Mass Flow Rate

m
= V1vA1 1 = Vv11 =

35
0.809

air

air

= 43.3 kg/min

Energy Balance
E in E out = E
E in = E out
P
P
m
in hin = m
exit hexit
m
w hw + m
a h2 = m
a h3
m
w
h
=
h
3
m
a w
h3 = (w3 w2 )hw + h2
h2 = h3 (w3 w2 )hw
w1 = w2 as between those 2 points there is no humidification/dehumidification.
From Table A-4
hw = hg,100 C = 2675.6 kJ/kg
h2 = 42.3 (0.0087 0.0053) 2675.6 = 33.2 kJ/kgdry
Now using h2 = 33.2 kJ/kgdry

air

air

and w2 = 0.0053kgH2 O /kgdry

T2 = 19.5 C
2 = 37.8%

air

and Table A-31

(b) The rate of heat transfer to the air in the heating section
Q in = m
a (h2 h1 ) = 43.3(32.2 23.5) = 420 kJ/min
(c) Conservation of Mass
m
w=m
a (w3 w2 ) = 43.3(0.0087 0.0053) = 0.15 kg/min

14-107

Two airstreams are mixed steadily and adiabatically. The first stream enters at 32 C and
40 percent relative humidity at a rate of 20 m3 /min, while the second stream enters at 12 C
and 90 percent relative humidity at a rate of 25 m3 /min. Assuming that the mixing process
occurs at a pressure of 1 atm, determine the specific humidity, the relative humidity, the
dry-bulb temperature, and the volume flow rate of the mixture.
Using Table A-31 to determine the inlet properties of each stream.
Stream 1
h1 = 62.7 kJ/kgdry air
w1 = 0.0119 kgH2 O /kgdry
v1 = 0.882 m3 /kgdry air

air

Stream 2
h2 = 31.9 kJ/kgdry air
w2 = 0.0079 kgH2 O /kgdry
v2 = 0.819 m3 /kgdry air

air

Mass flow rates,


Stream 1
m
a1 =

V 1
v1

20
0.882

= 22.7 kg/min

25
0.819

= 30.5 kg/min

Stream 2
m
a2 =

V 2
v2

Conservation of Mass,
m
a3 = m
a1 + m
a2 = 22.7 + 30.5 = 53.2 kg/min
Using the relationships,
m
a1
m
a2

w2 w3
w3 w1

22.7
30.5

0.0079w3
w3 0.0119

h2 h3
h3 h1

31.9h3
h3 62.7

For w3

22.7
30.5

0.0079w3
w3 0.0119

22.7
w
30.5 3

w3

22.7
30.5

w3 =

22.70.0119
30.5

= 0.0079 w3

+ 1 = 0.0079 +

0.0079+ 22.70.0119
30.5
22.7
+1
30.5

22.70.0119
30.5

= 0.0096 kgH2 O /kgdry

air

Similarly,
h3 = 45.0 kJ/kgdry

air

Using these 2 properties and Table A-31


T3 = 20.6 C
3 = 63.4%
v3 = 0.845 m3 /kgdry

air

The volume flow rate,


V 3 = m
a3 v3 = 53.2 0.845 = 45.0 m3 /min

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