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14-41
The air in a room is at 1 atm, 32 C, and 60 percent relative humidity. Determine (a) the
specific humidity, (b) the enthalpy, in kJ/kg dry air, (c) the wet-bulb temperature, (d) the
dew-point temperature, and (e) the specific volume of the air, in m3 /kg dry air. Use psychrometric chart.
From Table A-31
(a) w = 0.0181 kgH2 O per kgdry
(b) h = 78.4 kJ/kgdry
air
air
air
14-60C
Why is the metabolic rate of women, in general, lower than that of men? What is the effect
of clothing on the environmental temperature that feels comfortable?
(i) In general women are smaller than men. As metabolic rate is proportional to size women
tend to have a lower metabolic rate.
(ii) Clothing serves as insulation. Therefore, the thicker the clothing the lower the environmental temperature that feels comfortable.
14-61C
What is sensible head? How is sensible heat loss from a human body effected by the (a) skin
temperature, (b) environment temperature, and (c) air-motion?
Sensible heat is the energy associated with a temperature change. The sensible heat loss
from a human body increases as
(a) the skin temperature increases
(b) the environment temperature decreases, and
(c) the air motion (and thus the convection heat transfer coefficient) increases.
14-62C
What is latent heat? How is latent heat loss effected by (a) the skin wettedness? and (b) the
relative humidity of the environment? How is the rate of evaporation from the body related
to the rate of latent heat loss?
Latent heat is the energy released as the substance condenses on a cold surface or the
energy absorbed as a liquid evaporates.
Latent heat loss from a human body increases as,
(a) skin wetness increases.
(b) relative humidity of the environment decreases.
14-71
Air enters a 40 cm diameter cooling section at 1 atm, 32 C, and 30% relative humidity at
18 m/s. Heat is removed from the air at a rate of 1200 kJ/min. Determine (a) the exit
temperature, (b) the exit relative humidity of the air, and (c) the exit velocity.
From Table A-31
v1 = 0.877 m3 kg 1
w1 = 0.0089 kgH2 O /kgdry
h1 = 55 kJ/kgdry air
air
As there is no humidification/dehumidification w2 = w1
Mass Flow Rate,
2
m
= V1vA1 1 = 180.2
= 2.58 kg/s
0.877
Energy Balance
E in E out = E
Q out = m(h
2 h1 )
Q out =
1200
60
= 20 kJ/s
Q
20
h2 = m
+ h1 = 2.58
+ 55 = 47.2 kJ/kgdry
air
air
As m
1=m
2
V1 A 1
v1
V2 A 2
v2
and A1 = A2
therefore,
V2 =
V1 v 2
v1
V1
v1
= V2 v2
180.856
0.877
= 17.6 m/s
14-80
m
= V1vA1 1 = Vv11 =
35
0.809
air
air
= 43.3 kg/min
Energy Balance
E in E out = E
E in = E out
P
P
m
in hin = m
exit hexit
m
w hw + m
a h2 = m
a h3
m
w
h
=
h
3
m
a w
h3 = (w3 w2 )hw + h2
h2 = h3 (w3 w2 )hw
w1 = w2 as between those 2 points there is no humidification/dehumidification.
From Table A-4
hw = hg,100 C = 2675.6 kJ/kg
h2 = 42.3 (0.0087 0.0053) 2675.6 = 33.2 kJ/kgdry
Now using h2 = 33.2 kJ/kgdry
air
air
T2 = 19.5 C
2 = 37.8%
air
(b) The rate of heat transfer to the air in the heating section
Q in = m
a (h2 h1 ) = 43.3(32.2 23.5) = 420 kJ/min
(c) Conservation of Mass
m
w=m
a (w3 w2 ) = 43.3(0.0087 0.0053) = 0.15 kg/min
14-107
Two airstreams are mixed steadily and adiabatically. The first stream enters at 32 C and
40 percent relative humidity at a rate of 20 m3 /min, while the second stream enters at 12 C
and 90 percent relative humidity at a rate of 25 m3 /min. Assuming that the mixing process
occurs at a pressure of 1 atm, determine the specific humidity, the relative humidity, the
dry-bulb temperature, and the volume flow rate of the mixture.
Using Table A-31 to determine the inlet properties of each stream.
Stream 1
h1 = 62.7 kJ/kgdry air
w1 = 0.0119 kgH2 O /kgdry
v1 = 0.882 m3 /kgdry air
air
Stream 2
h2 = 31.9 kJ/kgdry air
w2 = 0.0079 kgH2 O /kgdry
v2 = 0.819 m3 /kgdry air
air
V 1
v1
20
0.882
= 22.7 kg/min
25
0.819
= 30.5 kg/min
Stream 2
m
a2 =
V 2
v2
Conservation of Mass,
m
a3 = m
a1 + m
a2 = 22.7 + 30.5 = 53.2 kg/min
Using the relationships,
m
a1
m
a2
w2 w3
w3 w1
22.7
30.5
0.0079w3
w3 0.0119
h2 h3
h3 h1
31.9h3
h3 62.7
For w3
22.7
30.5
0.0079w3
w3 0.0119
22.7
w
30.5 3
w3
22.7
30.5
w3 =
22.70.0119
30.5
= 0.0079 w3
+ 1 = 0.0079 +
0.0079+ 22.70.0119
30.5
22.7
+1
30.5
22.70.0119
30.5
air
Similarly,
h3 = 45.0 kJ/kgdry
air
air
10