Constitutional Law 2

Professor H. Harry Roque

University of the Philippines College of Law

THE BILL OF RIGHTS

I. Due Process Clause: Constitution ART III, Sec 1
A. Definition and Hierarchy
PBM Employees v. PBM,
Ermita Malate Hotel, Motel Assoc. v. City of Manila

51 SCRA 189 (2 Bernas 423)

20 SCRA 849 (2 Bernas 34)

Who Are Protected

Smith Bell and Natividad
Villegas v. HuiChiong

40 Phil 163
GR 112801

Meaning
Life
Teodoro v. Manalo
Pestao v. GRP-Human Rights Committee
Marcellana v. Republic of the Philippines UNHRC
When Does Life Begin, Records of
1986 Constitutional Commission Proceedings
The Rule on the Writ of Amparo
Burgos v. Arroyo
Gadian v. Ibrado
Buck v. Bell

GR 186050 (2011)
CCPR/C/98/D/1619/2007
CCPR/C/94/D/1560/2007
R.C.C. No. 85 09-17-1986&
R.C.C. No. 86 09-18-1986
A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC
G.R. No. 183711
G.R. No. 187652 &
CA-G.R. SP No. 00034
274 US 200

Liberty
Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro

39 Phil 660

Property
Torroco v. Thompson

263 US 197

Exclusion
Nunez v. Averia
Crespo v. Provincial Board
JMM Promotion v. CA
Pedro v. Rizal
Libanan v. Sandiganbayan

57 SCRA 726
16 SCRA 66
GR 120095 1996
53 Phil 123
233 SCRA 163

B. Aspects of Due Process

Police Power
Kwongsing v. City of Manila
Yu Eng Cong v. Trinidad
Layno v. Sandiganbayan
Deloso v. Sandiganbayan

41 Phil 103
271 US 500
136 SCRA 536
173 SCRA 409

Procedural

Impartial Court
Javier v. COMELEC
Galman v. Sandiganbayan
Marcos v. Sandiganbayan
Rivera v. Civil Service
Banco Espaol Filipino v. Palanca
AngTibay v. CIR
PHILCOMSAT v. Alcuaz
Ateneo v. CA
Alcuaz v. PSBA
Non v. Judge Dames
Goldberg v. Kelly
Bell v. Burson
UP v. Hon. Ligot-Telan
DBP v. NLRC
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan

144 SCRA 194

144 SCRA 43
GR 126995 (1998)
240 SCRA 43
37 Phil. 921 (2 Bernas 4)
69 Phil. 635 (2 Bernas 6)
180 SCRA 218 (2 Bernas 8)
145 SCRA 106
161 SCRA 7
185 SCRA 523 (2 Bernas 14)
397 US 254 (1970)
402 US 535 (1971)
227 SCRA 342
183 SCRA 328
369 SCRA 394

Jurisdiction
Ynot v. IAC
Eastern Broadcasting v. Dans
Tatad v. Sandiganbayan
Gonzales v. SCS

148 SCRA 659 (2 Bernas 21)

137 SCRA 628 (2 Bernas 261)
159 SCRA 70
226 SCRA 66

C. Old Substantive Due Process: Protection for Property Interests

Calder v. Bull
3 US (3 Dall.) 386 (1978)
Lochner v. New York
198 US 48 (1905)
People v. Pomar
46 Phil 440
Pakistan International Airlines v. Ople
190 SCRA 90 (1990)
NDC and AGRIX v. Phil Veterans
192 SCRA 257 (2 Bernas 48)
People v. Nazario
165 SCRA 182 (2 Bernas 41)
Balacuit v. CFI
163 SCRA 182 (2 Bernas 41)
Agustin v. Edu
88 SCRA 195 (2 Bernas 43)

D. New Substantive Due Process: Protection for Liberty interests in Privacy

Warren and Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 Harv. L. Rev. 193 (1890)
Cortes I., Constitutional Foundations of Privacy, in Emerging Trends in Law (1983), pp 1-70
Olmstead v. US (Brandeis Dissent)
Skinner v. Oklahoma
Griswold v. Connecticut
Eisenstatd v. Baird
Poe v. Ullman
Roe v. Wade
Bowers and Hardwick
Lawrence v. Texas
US v. Windsor
Board of Education v. Earls
Ople v. Torres
Bayan Muna v. Ermita,
Duncan Assoc v. Glaxo Welcome
David v. Arroyo

277 US 438
316 US 535 (1942)
381 US 479 (1965)
405 US 438
367 US 479
410 US 113 (1973)
106 S. Ct. 2841 (1986)
02-0102 (26 June 2003)
570 U.S. ___ (2013
01-332 (27 June 2002)
141 SCRA 293
GR 167930 (2006)
GR 162994, (17 September 2004)
489 SCRA 160

E. Protected Interests in Property

Mere Regulation under the Due Process Clause versus Taking of Property via the Power
of Eminent Domain
Churchill v. Rafferty
32 Phil 580 (2 Bernas 26)
US v. Toribio
15 Phil 85 (2 Bernas 19)
Constitution ART III, sec. 9
People v. Fajardo
Ynot v. CA
US v. Causby
Republic v. PLDT
Republic v. Castelvi
Bel-Air Association v. IAC
EPZA v. Dulay
NPC v. CA
Villar Law on the Zoning Value of Land

100 Phil 443 (2 Bernas 639)

supra
328 US 256 (2 Bernas 636)
26 SCRA 620 (2 Bernas 639)
58 SCRA 336 (2 Bernas 627)
176 SCRA 719
149 SCRA 305 (2 Bernas 655)
129 SCRA 665 (2 Bernas 655)

Takings under Eminent Domain versus Takings under the Social Justice Clause
De Knecht v. Bautista
100 SCRA 660 (2 Bernas 666)
Republic v. De Knecht
182 SCRA 441 (2 Bernas 671)
Manotok v. NHA
150 SCRA 89 (2 Bernas 674)
Ermita Malate Hotel Association v. City of Manila
supra

Constitution ART III, sec 1 and 4

Assoc. of Small Landowners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform

175 SCRA 343 (2 Bernas 990)

Sumulong v. Guerrero
154 SCRA 461 (2 Bernas 650)
City Government v. Judge Ericta
122 SCRA 759 (2 Bernas 631)
Luz Farms v. Secretary
192 SCRA 51 (2 Bernas 1101)
Cariday v. CA (Guttierez J, Dissenting)
176 SCRA 31
RA 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992, March 24, 1992
II.

Equal Protection Clause

Constitution ART III, sec 1
Constitution ART II, sec 14 and 22
Constitution ART IV
Constitution ART XII, sec 2 and 14.2
Ormoc Sugar Company, Inc. v. Treasurer of Ormoc City
22 SCRA 603 (2 Bernas 78)
Dumlao v. COMELEC
96 SCRA 392 (2 Bernas 72)
People v. Cayat
68 Phil 12 (2 Bernas 58)
Ichong v. Hernandez
101 Phil 1155 (2 Bernas 61)
Korematsu v. US
323 US 214 (1944)
The Civil Liberties Act of 1988
102 Stat. 904, 50a U.S.C. 1989b et se
(Presidential Medal of Freedom to Fred Korematsu by Bill Clinton)
Plessy v. Ferguson
163 US 537 (1896)
University of California v. Bakke
438 US 265 (1978)
Gratz v. Bollinger/Grutter v. Bollinger
02-516 (23 June 2003)
Bradwell v. Illinois
83 US 103 (1873)
Goesart v. Cleary
335 US 464 (1948) (2 Bernas 76)
Geduldig v. Aiello
417 US 484 (1974)
Mississippi Univ. School for Women v. Hogan
458 US 718 (1982)
Michael M. v. Superior Court
450 US 464 (1981)
Personnel Administrator v. Feeney
442 US 256 (1979)
YickWo v. Hopkins
118 US 365 (1886)
Fragrante v. City and County of Honolulu
888 F. 2d 591(1989)
Fragrante v. City and County of Honolulu
110 S. Ct. 1811 (1990)
Defensor-Santiago, The New Equal Protection, 58 Phil. L. J. 1 (March 1983)
International School Alliance v. Quisumbing
Board of Directors v. Rotary Club
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
Sombilon v. Romulo,

33 SCRA 14 (June 2000)

481 US 537
No. 99-699 (28 June 2000)
GR 176051 (2009)

Goodridge v. Dept. of Public Health

2003)
Tecson v. COMELEC
Garcia v. Hon. Drilon
III.

440 Mass 309, 793 NE 2d 941 (18 Nov

GR 161434 (2004)
GR No. 179267 (June 25, 2013)

Freedom of Expression: Constitution ART III, sec 4

A. Protected Speech
Prior Restraint
Near v. Minnesota
New York Times v. US
Freedman v. Maryland

238 US 697 (2 Bernas 238)

403 US 713 (2 Bernas 243)
380 US 551 (2 Bernas 251)

Subsequent Punishment
People v. Perez
Dennis v. US
Abrams v. US
Eastern Broadcasting v. Dans

45 Phil 599 (2 Bernas 288)

341 US 494 (2 Bernas 290)
250 US 616 (1919)
supra

Speech Plus: Symbolic Speech

Us v. O'Brien
Tinker v. Des Moines School District
Texas v. Johnson

391 US 367 (1968)

393 US 503 (1969)
491 US 397 (1989)

Assembly and Petition

Primicias v. Fugoso (Hilado, Dissent)
Navarro v. Villegas
PBM Employees v. PBM
JBL Reyes v. Bagatsing
Malabanan v. Ramento
IBP Cadiz, Roque, Butuyan v. Atienza,

80 Phil 78
31 SCRA 731 (2 Bernas 423)
51 SCRA 189 (2 Bernas 425)
125 SCRA 553 (2 Bernas 430)
129 SCRA 359 (2 Bernas 437)
GR 172591

Free Speech and Suffrage

Gonzalez v. COMELEC
Sandidad v. COMELEC
National Press Club v. COMELEC
Adiong v. COMELEC
Chavez v. Gonzales

27 SCRA 835 (2 Bernas 296)

181 SCRA 529 (2 Bernas 304)
207 SCRA 1 (2 Bernas 307)
207 SCRA 712 (2 Bernas 317)
32 SCRA 547

Use of Private Property as a forum for others Speech

Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robbins
447 US 74 (1980)
B. Unprotected Speech
Defamatory Speech

Pre-Sullivan in Philippine Jurisprudence

Policarpio v. Manila Times
5 SCRA 148 (2 Bernas 343)
Lopez v. CA
34 SCRA 116 (2 Bernas 345)
US v. Bustos
37 Phil 371

Sullivan
New York Times v. Sullivan
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Garrison v. Louisiana
Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts
In Re: IML v. Utah

376 US 254 (2 Bernas 350)

403 US 29 (2 Bernas 355)
379 US 64
388 US 130
No.20010159 (15 Nov 2002)

Sullivan in Philippine Jurisprudence

Borjal v. CA
Vasquez v. CA
Guingguing v. CA
Soliven v. Makasiar
Ayer Production v. Judge Capulong

301 SCRA 1
GR 118971 (1999)
471 SCRA 196
167 SCRA 394 (2 Bernas 147)
160 SCRA 865 (2 Bernas 254)

Reversion to Pre-Sullivan in Philippine Jurisprudence

Fermin v. People
GR 157643 (2008)
Diaz v. People
GR 159787 (2007)
Libel in UN Human Rights Committee
Adonis v. The Philippines

CCPR/C/103/D/1815/2008

Supreme Court and Freedom of Speech

In Re Jurado
In Re Macasaet
Fighting Words, Offensive Words
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
Cohen v. California
MVRS v. Islamic Dawah of the Philippines

315 US 568 (1942)

403 US 15 (1971)
GR 80892 (1989)

Obscenity
Roth v. US
Miller v. California
Gonzalez v. KalawKatigbak
Pita v. CA
Reno v. ACLU
Ashcroft v. ACLU

354 US 476 (1957)

37 L. Ed. 2d 419 (1973) (2 Bernas 368)
137 SCRA 717 (2 Bernas 377)
178 SCRA 362 (2 Bernas 381)
521 US 844 (26 June 1997)
No. 00-1293 (13 May 2002)

Privacy
Hannover v. Germany
Campbell v. Mirror Group Newspapers

IV.

[2004] EMLR 379; (2005) 40 EHRR 1

[2004] UKHL 22

Church and State: The Wall of Separation

Constitution ART II, sec 6
Constitution ART III, sec 5
Constitution ART VI, sec 29(2)
Establishment Clause
Aglipay v. Ruiz
Garces v. Estenzo
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Board of Education v. Allen
County of Allegheny v. ACLU
inrel to Lynch v. Donnely
Epperson v. Arkansas
School District v. Schempp
Engel v. Vitale
Tilton v. Richardson
Newdow v. US Congress
(amended Feb 28, 2003)
Glassroth v. Moore
Martin v. Corporation of the Presiding Bishop

63 Phil 201 (2 Bernas 444)

104 SCRA 510 (2 Bernas 446)
403 US 602 (2 Bernas 464)
392 US 236 (2 Bernas 459)
57 LW 5045 (2 Bernas 482)
465 US 668 (1984)
393 US 97 (1968)
374 US 203 (2 Bernas 449)
370 US 421 (1962)
403 US 672 (2 Bernas 470)
No. 00-16423, 9th Cir., June 26, 2002
335 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2003)
434 Mass. 141, 727 N.E. 2d 131

Free Exercise Clause

American Bible Society v. City
Gerona v. Secretary of Education
Ebralinag v. Division Superintendent
Newdow v. US Congress
Anucension v. NLU
Iglecia ni Cristo v. CA
Pamil v. Teleron
McDaniel v. Paty
German v. Barangan
Cantwell v. Connecticut
Commonwealth v. Twitchell

101 Phil 386 (2 Bernas 515)

106 Phil 2 (2 Bernas 518)
219 SCRA 256 (2 Bernas 518)
00-16423 (26 June 2002)
80 SCRA 350
259 SCRA 529 (26 July 1996)
86 SCRA 413 (2 Bernas 533)
435 US 618 (2 Bernas 542)
135 SCRA 514
310 US 163 (2 Bernas 512)
416 Mass. 114 (1993)

Cassius Clay v. US
Estrada v. Escritor

403 US 698 (1971)

492 SCRA 1

Unusual Religious Beliefs and Practices

Wisconsin v. Yoder
US v. Ballard
US v. Seeger
Clay v. US

406 US 205 (2 Bernas 524)

380 US 163 (1965)
380 US 163 (1965)
supra

V. Academic Freedom
Background Reading: Byrne, Academic Freedom: A Special Concern of the First
Amendment, 99 Yale L.J. 25 (1989)
Constitution ART XIV, sec 1 and 5(2)
Garcia v. Faculty Admission Committee
Isabelo v. PerpetualHelp
Reyes v. CA
UP v. CA
DECS v. San Diego
Tablarin v. Guttierrez
Non v. Judge Dames
Alcuaz v. PSBA

68 SCRA 277 (2 Bernas 1076)

227 SCRA 591
194 SCRA 402 (2 Bernas 1084)
218 SCRA 728 (9 February 1993)
180 SCRA 534 (2 Bernas 1054)
154 SCRA 730
supra
supra

VI. Protected Interests in Liberty

A. Non-Impairment of Obligations and Contracts
Background Reading: Padilla IV-A CIVIL LAW 11-42 (1988) Discussion of ART 1306
Constitution ART III, sec 10
Civil Code ART 1306
Home Builders and Loan Association v. Blaisdell
Rutter v. Esteban
Ortigas v. Feati
Juarez v. CA
Caleon v. Agus Development

290 US 398 (2 Bernas 684)

93 Phil 68 (2 Bernas 690)
94 SCRA 533 (2 Bernas 702
214 SCRA 475 (2 Bernas 706)
207 SCRA 748

B. Involuntary Servitude
Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro
Kaisahan v. Gotamco

supra
80 Phil 521

C. Imprisonment for Non-Payment of Debt

Constitution ART III, sec 20
Lozano v. Martinez

146 SCRA 323 (2 Bernas 876)

D. Right Against Self-Incrimination

US v. Navarro
Villaflor v. Summers

3 Phil 143 (2 Bernas 844)

41 Phil 62 (2 Bernas 848)

VII.

Beltran v. Samson
Cabal v. Kapunan
Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee
Galman v. Pamaran

53 Phil 570 (2 Bernas 851)

6 SCRA 1059 (2 Bernas 861)
203 SCRA 767
138 SCRA 294

E. Unlawful Search and Seizure

Stonehill v. Diokno
Katz v. US
Terry v. Ohio
People v. Marti

20 SCRA 383 (2 Bernas 120)

394 US 347
392 US 1

Nala v. BarrosoJr,
Lim v. Felix
Alvarez v. CFI
Bache & Co. v. Ruiz
Burgos, Sr. v. Chief of Staff
Roan v. Gonzales

GR NO. 153087 August 7, 2003

194 SCRA 292
64 Phil 33
37 SCRA 823
133 SCRA 800
145 SRA 687

Nolasco v. Pano 1
People v. Malmstedt,
People v. Aminudin
People v. Burgos
Chimel v. California
Manilil v. Court of Appeals
Malacat v. Court of Appeals
Papa v. Mago
People v. Aruta

39 SCRA 152, 147 SCRA 509

198 SCRA 401
163 SCRA 402
144 SCRA 1
395 US 752
280 SCRA 400
283 SCRA 159
22 SCRA 657
288 SCRA 620

Aniag v. COMELEC

237 SCRA 424

Valmonte v. de Villa

178 SCRA 211, 185 SCRA 665

In Re Umil et al v. Ramos
People v. Mengote
People v. Manlulu

187 SCRA 311

210 SCRA 174
22 April SCRA 159

Scope of Constitutional Protection

A. Who Are Entitled to Constitutional Protection
Citizenship and Alienage
Constitution ART IV
Board of Commissioners (CID) v. Dela Rosa, et al
Qua CheeGan v. Deportation Board
Harvey v. Defensor-Santiago

197 SCRA 853

9 SCRA 27
162 SCRA 840 (2 Bernas 210)

Yu v. Defensor-Santiago
Labo v. COMELEC
Aznar v. COMELEC

169 SCRA 364 (2 Bernas 945)

176 SCRA 1 (2 Bernas 952)
185 SRA 703 (2 Bernas 957)

Juridical Persons
Stonehill v. Diokno,
Central Bank v. Morfe

supra
20 SCRA 507 (2 Bernas 957)

B. Who Are Subject to Constitutional Prohibitions

State Action Requirement
People v. Marti
Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robbins
in relation to. Borjal v. CA

193 SRA 57 (2 Bernas 226)

supra
supra

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