Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

The Proposed PLMar University Campus

Passive Cooling: Incorporation of Evaporative Cooling

CHAPTER 1.O INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND/OVERVIEW: Description of the situation

The proposed project is entitled The proposed PLMar University Campus to be

located in Rainbow st. Marikina Village, Concepcion Dos, Marikina City

It is about developing / designing a new permanent campus for PLMar University

because of it is staying on a temporary campus

PLMar is government university that was established on 2003, by ex-mayor

Marides C. Fernando, Cong. Marcelino Teodoro & Dr. Jerome Mendoza.

This project is proposed by the municipal of Marikina
Allowed by the Commission on Higher Education to several courses (see attached
school enrolees and list of course)

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The project is being proposed by the client because of the following existing
conditions/reasons :
1. To provide a permanent University campus for PLMar since they dont have
a permanent campus, and staying on a temporary campus
2. To supply sufficient facilities / classroom, due to its lack of number of
classroom for the University
3. To be acknowledged as a great University for their high quality education

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. The client wound want a complete facility for the university
2. In terms of design of the buildings the client wants to tackle a modern way of
design that does not resemble with other government universities

TARGET USERS

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

Primary

: Students within Marikina/ Graduates of schools witing

Marikina, normally they will have discounts on entering the
university and other city nearby

Secondary

: Faculties / Officers of the University

Tertiary

: Employees that will maintain the university and Visitors/

Inquirers

AVAILABILITY OF THE BUDGET: The municipality of Marikina will finance the

project in the amount of PhP 600 Million

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

1.2. / 1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM / ARCHITECTURAL GOAL &

OBJECTIVES

2.1 MAJOR PROBLE

How will the university be designed

2.2 ARCHT GOAL

By keeping the design of the campus
through catering and adopting a enhance healthy, attentive and present
learning environment for the student?

Controlling indoor air quality

Ventilation Improvement and
Improvising and adopting
vegetation on the site

Acoustics Preventing and

keeping out the noise from
arising the room. Application of
Acoustic boards like Broadway
Acoustic Panels to the wall.

Thermal Comfort Constant

ventilation or demand
controlled ventilation, Supplying
air temperature compensation
(cooling with outdoor air).
Application of Evaporative
Cooling

Day Lighting exposing the

classrooms / offices, from
sunlight for natural lighting

This strategies will provide a healthy

environment conducive to learning
for the students and complete
facilities

2.3 MINOR PROBLEM

2.4 OBJECTIVES
1. What sustainable programs will be 1. Applying sustainable programs for the
highlighted in this proposed
project

university :
a. Strategic placing of vegetation (plants and
trees) on the site that will create shades
and filter out pollutants that may enter the

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

structures
b. Use of evaporative cooling system that
uses vapour compression or refrigeration
cycles, which can cool air, using less
energy than AC
c. Allowing natural lighting and natural
2. What will make this project different
from other government universities?

ventilations
2. Going for a new way of Government
University Design:
a. Maximizing environmental design to have
a sustainable character,
b. Going for modern design of university
will give its edge on other
c. Giving the university a way of
acknowledgement not just in terms of high
quality of education, but in terms of

design to.
3. What will the benefits, thus for 3. Healthy Campus planning
applying the healthy campus planning Strategies:
to the project?

a. By effectively planning all the classrooms

and other necessary facilities.
b. The necessary open space requirement
intended for the airflow for natural
ventilation for a school campus will be
achieved
c. It will promote a feeling of safe and
structured environment

1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

A. To the Architectural Community
1. This study is undertaken to create and set a new way/trend as to not limiting a
government university in terms of design

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

2. This study will adopt/comply the needs and ambiance of a student can have,
and feel on its campus to study and pursuing their dreams
3. It will practice a good blocks in enhancing university environment
B. To the community
1. This study will bring up the name the university and introduce its high quality
of teaching and learning to other city
2. It will be a success to the local government of Marikina since there would be
more students enrolling and the needs of faculty would be a way of providing
jobs to other people
3. It will produce a better college graduates that surpasses the national passing
ratings in keeping with its commitment
4. produces work ready, career-focused & community-oriented graduates, who
land with good jobs in reputable companies & institutes here and abroad

1.5. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

A.

LOCAL LITERATURE
1. STATE UNIVERSITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Source/Website
http://www.entranceuniversity.com/2010/12/state-university-inphilippines.html
o As said in this article, Government universities are Universities subsidized
and supported by the government, because they are funded by the
government, they offer lower tuition cost than that of private universities,
in Filipinos case, most of the student choose to study in state university

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

because private tuition rates increase well. The worst part of this is that the
government is proposing a new market of privatization for these
universities. The government claims to be prioritizing the basic and
secondary education. Is this a good reason when according to the
Constitution, The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens
to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make
such education accessible to all.
Critique:
o PLMar is one of those State Universities in the Philippines produced by
the government, and gives high quality of education for students that in
financial needs for their studies. That also produces graduates that can
compete to other university / private university. Thus giving the university
a better design towards its campus, will not only be a way recognizing the
university, but will give a chance, of producing more government
university for the other students that is in financial problem state

B. FOREIGN LITERATURE
1. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
Sources/Website:
http://www.brainchild.org/publicORprivateU.html
o According to this article, easily the most visible difference between
American public and private universities is the cost of tuition, which is
much higher at a private university.
o Public universities are also much easier for a student to gain admission to,
especially if the student is a resident of the state in which the university is
located in. In some instances, public universities have programs that
automatically accept transfer students that have completed a certain level
of outside credits in a different state college
Critique:

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

o Basically Public and Private Universities in the Philippines and in the other
country share the same traits of having public University tuitions cost less,
because they rely on government itself. But, in terms of Campus, design,
facilities, this is where it differs, because, most of our government
university, doesnt have that edge in terms of campus design
Pros and Cons:
Benefits of attending a public university
o Tuition is much cheaper than that of a private university
o Students who do not get achieve high enough grades to gain admittance
into a private university (which can be extremely exclusive) will have a
much easier time attending a public university.
o Public universities are much larger and more diverse than the average
private university, and students may feel more comfortable around a larger
student population that it offers.
o Students have more of a choice as to which area of the country to attend
school at when they select a public university
Drawbacks of attending a public university
o Public universities are not as prestigious as private universities, and some
careers might be more difficult to enter after graduation.
o The larger size of public universities may distance the student from the
educational atmosphere
Benefits of attending a private university
o Like privatized junior high and high schools, private universities generally
have smaller class sizes, and more prestige than does a public university.
o Students generally build stronger, more personal relationships with their
professors and instructors, as there are special programs designed to
increase communication and dialogue between the two.
o Private universities also have a significantly higher amount of extracurricular activities and programs for students to participate in, which can
develop a stronger sense of community.

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

Drawbacks of attending a private university

o Perhaps the greatest drawback of attending a private university is the
difficulty in being accepted for admission
o Price can be prohibitive for lower-income students
2. PASSIVE COOLING IDEAS FOR THE SOUTHEAST
Source/Website:
http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/pdf/FSEC-EN-2-80.pdf

o According to the author Chris beck of Florida Solar Energy Center, A

passive cooled structure is one which is kept relatively comfortable
through natural means. Factors like heat gain, humidity and air movement
or ventilation are important factors that should be considered.

Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.

Proper distribution of plants/vegetation, it will create shades that also reduce

the solar gain on the walls and windows
Critique:
o For the researcher to accomplished this, Considering internal comfort,
created by passive techniques can make it expensive when it comes to
using A.C
3. Passive retrofitting strategies for school buildings
Souce/Website:

http://teenergy.commpla.com/index/brochure/02_PASSIVE_COOLING.pdf

o According to the article The passive retrofitting concerns energy

efficiency and it consists in reducing the energy demand that will then be
covered by active integrated systems which are powered, in so far as
possible, by renewable sources. The passive strategy also affects the
building morphology and the building envelope technology, offering an
important occasion for the upgrading of the appearance of building
structures.
Critique:
o The researcher is to apply passive strategy, which it can be a focus where
the study will be applied to the project to attached the passive solutions
here in the Philippines.
C. LOCAL STUDIES
1. Henry Sy, Sr. Centennial Hall of De La Salle University

Proposed PLMar University Campus

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Villamor, Arvee C.

Source/ Website:
http://centennial.hall.dlsu.edu.ph/dlsu-centennial-hall-project
o According to the site, The buildings modern and open design is likened to
a habitable tree, its form evoking a grove of trees sitting on a forest
clearing, a refreshing concept injecting environmental sensitivity to the
highly congested Taft Avenue area.
o The concept also illustrates DLSUs continuous and growing role in
Philippine education, as well as its commitment to environmental
responsibility and sustainability. It is life-giving and nurturing.
o It has pocket indoor gardens, outdoor reading areas and wide-open spaces
that support creativity and engage learners to generate new ideas.
o Eco-friendly in character, it boasts of a green roof, solar panels, a rainwater
collection system, and water re-use system.
o The educational areas in the Centennial Hall focus on the Learning
Commons, a central hub envisioned to serve as the intellectual crossroads
for university study. More than being simply a repository of books and
reference materials, the Learning Commons is the central node for a
revitalized campus where the academic community can gather for
relaxation, interaction with one another, and official university activities.
Critiques:
Some action and concepts in the said design will be applied for the New
campus of university, like having a refreshing concept of environmental, as
well as showing how government university grow and achieve its high quality
of education. A healthy environment for the students on enhancing their
learning life. Also putting up open space, or learning space as a center of
students can gather around for studying, and interaction with each other.

D. FOREIGN STUDIES
1. National University of Singapore
Source/ Website:

Proposed PLMar University Campus

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Villamor, Arvee C.
http://www.dpa.com.sg/projects/nus-university-town-master-plan/

According to the site, The National University of Singapore (NUS) Town

Master Plan redevelops a golf course into a modern international campus and
town centre, planned along a green corridor. Building location and massing
adapts to the landscape. Academic, recreational and social anchors are strung
along the length of the green, drawing users to specific destinations and
filtering noises from the surrounding highway. Structures are connected by
variously scaled pockets of open greenery that serve as collection points for
passive and active interaction; these lawns are overlaid by a network of
circulation paths.
Critique:
The researcher is to apply strategic way of, filtering noises from the
surrounding highway, and a environment that adopts, everything within the
campus a passive and active interaction environment
1.6.

HYPOTHESIS
If the new campus is properly planned, and given a healthy environment, a
possible of enhancing a students learning environment would be formed with
this way of designing a university campus

1.7.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Problem : To design a permanent University Campus for PLMar University, that fully
caters the needs of the University, and provide a Healthy campus for it to be acknowledge
for its high quality education
INPUT

PROCESS

Target number
of students
that will
enrol
to the univer
nrolees for AY 2014-2015, but as of AY 2013-2014 1st sem Number
the total /population
is 7857
(see attached
school
enrolees
and li
Applicable
sustainable
programs
to university
campus
se of evaporative cooling system and Allowing natural lighting and
ventilation,
will minimize
energy
consumptions.
in adopting
enhance
learning
forUnive
the u
stics, Thermal Comfort, Day lighting. It will provide aDesign
healthysolutions
environment
conducive
to learning
forenvironment
students of the

Proposed PLMar University Campus

12

Villamor, Arvee C.

Providing
sufficient
classroom
for of
future
enroleesfor
andthe
faciliti
ents, a spacious and comfortable, Additional facilities intended
for theofincome
of higher
amount
the students
futu
y and enhancing a learning environment that leads to acknowledgement of students on learning / studying on PLMar Univ
The Proposed PLMar University Campus
1.8.

RESEARCH DESIGN

DATA GATHERING

DATA

DATA INTERPRETATION

Internet Research

ANALYSIS/PURPOSE
To know the availability of

To come up with a Healthy

Healthy Campus

the chosen sustainable design

campus that will help the

Passive Cooling

for the proposed project.

client lessen its cost in save

Natural Lighting

Less energy consumptions of

energy consumption and

Natural Ventlation

the solutoins

maintenance, and also

gaining balance on campus

Interview Research

To know the opinions and

Solution that will lead to

City Municipal Officers

facts from the officers

gaining of students in

(Planners and Engineers)

and the school

learning in this university

University Administrators

administrator will

Students of the University

validate the current

condition and state of the
university, as well as
discovering the site focal
problems, and ideas for
the design

Government Research

Municipal of Marikina- Lot

Municipal of marikina-

Proposed PLMar University Campus

13

Villamor, Arvee C.

Municipal of

location of the project, and

Solutions that will cater the

needs for the design

needs of the university and

Marikina
CHED

CHED-guidelines of the

its problem

required facilities Higher

PLMar- to know the

Education, Universities

population size of the

Library/Book Research

To determine the proper site

university
Considerations for the

Thesis Book related Campus

planning, building design and facilities and other

Planning
ATRIEV(Client/Proponent)

relationship of the spaces.

Study of the sites contours

requirements
Proper planning and

Topography Map

levels.

circulation for better campus

orientation solutions

Financial Data

To know the financial

Costs, Profits, Coming back

Target user

implications of the site.

of investment.

PLMar-percentage of the

PLMar- to know the

students per course, and total

population size of the

population count

university

Soil and Water

To analyse the sites soil

Better groundwork planning

Management Bureau

composition .components,

Engineering Office of

and Coordinates

Marikina
Climate

Analysing the sites wind

Buildings suitable

direction and sun path

positioning and source of

natural lighting and

Survey

To define their moods, in

ventilation
To design a campus that will

Surveys of students

terms of environments in

enhance learning and

environments for learning

their campus

relationship with other

students

1.9.

SCOPE & LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH THE ARCHITECTURAL

PROJECT
SCOPE

LIMITATION

Sustainability
Natural lighting & Natural Ventilation

Limited on the ways of natural lighting and

Proposed PLMar University Campus

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Villamor, Arvee C.

Evaporative cooling system

ventilation will affect the environment of the

students.

Interior Design
Focuses Enhancing learning inside a
classroom
Landscaping
Strategic placing of vegetation
impaired users.

Limiting in ways of students adaptation on

design on classrooms
Limited on Tropical plants that create shades
and filter out pollutants that may enter the
structures

Architectural/Structural
Focuses in space planning and zoning
through the guidelines and space
requirement of a school.
Space requirements and zoning

Limited to the guidelines given by CHED for

university facilities
Limited to number of users based on the
University populations
The project limits on the study of
computation of the structural design

Renewable Energy
Lessening of energy consumption by
the use of natural lighting and passive
cooling

Limited to the permissible sun glare and

positioning of the proposed project,
technicalities of installing, cooling system
devices.

1.10. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Basic
Learning knowledge gained by study
Environment External conditions or surrounding.
Facilities Equipment on facilitating the performance of an action.
Governmental

Proposed PLMar University Campus

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Villamor, Arvee C.

CHED Commission of Higher Education, The governing body covering both public
and private higher education institutions as well as degree-granting programs in all
tertiary educational institutions
Municipal of Marikina Local government of Marikina

Educational
College Institution within a university
University Generally includes primary, secondary and higher education/college
Government University A public university that is funded by public, sub national
government or national government
Green Architecture
Sustainable design Applies the principles of sustainable development to produce
places and products that connect people with the natural environment
Green building Whole building and systems approach to design and construction
that uses techniques that minimize environmental impact and reduce energy
consumptions.
Green campus A healthy campus that is attentive and present in controlling indoor
air quality, acoustics, thermal comfort, day lighting.

1.11.

END NOTES
http://centerforgreenschools.org/why-green-schools.aspx
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/student_performance/
http://www.merriam-webster.com
http://www.collinsdictionary.com
http://universitasrawk.blogspot.com/2010/10/definition-of-public-

university-private.html

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Proposed PLMar University Campus

Villamor, Arvee C.
http://www.plm.edu.ph/univ-profile.html
http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/
http://campusclimate.ucop.edu/what-is-campus-climate/