HISTORY/CONCEP

TS
Emotional
disturbance
is a
condition exhibiting one
or more of the following
characteristics over a
long period of time and to
a marked degree, which
adversely
affects
educational performance:

Inability to learn
which cannot be
explained
by
intellectual, sensory
or health factors.

Inability to build or
maintain
satisfactory
interpersonal
relationships
with
peers and teachers.

Inappropriate types
of
behavior
or
feelings
under
normal
circumstances.

CHARACTERISTICS

CLASSIFICATION

CAUSES

Disorders
I. Biological Factors
Externalizing behaviors I. Anxiety
maladaptive
emotional
state
characterized
by
A. Brain Disorders results
or behaviors caused by
noncompliance which is
from
either
brain
excessive
and
often
defined as not following a
dysgenesis
(abnormal
irrational fears and worries
direction
within
a
brain development) or
that
is
somehow
reasonable amount of time,
brain injury (caused by
inappropriate
to
the
arguing, tantrums and rule
influences
such
as
situation that leads to
breaking.
disease or trauma that
- Hyperactivity
(short
avoidance
of
common,
alter the structure or
attention
span,
everyday situations.
function of a brain that
impulsivity)
had
been
developing
II.Obsessive
Compulsive
- Immaturity
normally up to that point).
Disorder
(OCD)

(inappropriate crying,
persistent,
recurring
temper tantrums, poor
B. Genetics there is an
thoughts
(obsessions)
that
coping skills)
evidence of genetic link
reflect exaggerated anxiety
especially
in
Internalizing behaviors
or fears that may lead to
schizophrenia. Relatives
seldom play with others
performing ritual or routines
of schizophrenics have an
their own age, children
(compulsions).
increased
risk
of
have poor social skills and
schizophrenia that cannot
withdraw themselves, often III. Eating disorders refusal to
be
explained
by
maintain body weight at or
retreat to daydreams and
environmental
factors
above a minimally normal
fantasies, fearful without
alone, and the closer the
weight for age and weight
reason,
frequently
relation, the higher the
(anorexia
nervosa)
or
complain of being hurt or
probability.
recurrent episodes of binge
sick, and go into deep
eating and inappropriate
bouts of depression. They
C. Temperament

the
compensatory behavior in
are less disturbing in class
persons
difficult
order to prevent weight gain
that puts them in danger of
behavioral style or typical
(bulimia nervosa).
not being identified.
way of responding to

CONTROLLING
MEASURES (Educational
Management)
1. Proactive
strategies
preplanned interventions that
anticipate behavior problems
and stop them before they
occur.
Structuring the physical
environment
of
the
classroom
(e.g.
most
difficult students sit near
the teacher).
Establishing clear rules
and
expectations
for
appropriate behavior.
Scheduling
and
sequencing
lesson
activities
to
minimize
downtime.
Presenting instructions to
students in ways that
increase the probability of
compliance.
Keeping students actively
engaged
during
instruction, and
Using praise and positive
reinforcement to motivate
desired behavior
2. Shaping and Contingency
Contracting

unhappiness
depression.

situations at an early age

A general pervasive
mood of
or

A
tendency
to
develop
physical
symptoms or fears
associated
with
personal or school
problems.

Academic Difficulty IV. Bipolar Disorder alternative

episodes of depressive and
significant deficiencies in
manic
states
best
reading and mathematics,
characterized
by
mood
have learning disabilities
II.
swings.
and/or language delays,
which
compound
their V.Conduct Disorder repetitive
difficulties in mastering
and persistent pattern of
academic
skills
and
behavior in which the basic
content.
rights of others or major
age-appropriate norms are
violated and is precursor to
antisocial
personality
disorder.
VI. Psychotic Disorders are
mental disorders in which a
persons
personality
is
severely confused and that
person loses touch with the
reality and have abnormal
thinking and perceptions.

increases the likelihood of

behavior and psychotic
problems.
Environmental Factors
(Home,
Community,
School)
- An adverse early rearing
environment,
-

An aggressive pattern of
behavior when entering
school, and

Social rejection by peers

3. Extinction

disruptive behavior

ignoring

4. Differential reinforcement of
other behavior reinforcing
any behavior except the
undesirable response
5. Time
out

restricting
students
access
to
reinforcement for a brief time
following an inappropriate
behavior.
6. Level system students
access greater independence
and more privileges as they
demonstrate
increased
behavioral control.
7. Overcorrection requiring
restitution
beyond
the
damaging effects of the
antisocial behavior, as when a
child who takes another
childs cookie must return it
plus one of her own.