SQLScript A

Week 3 Unit 1:
Advanced Language Features

Overview What and Why?
SQLScript is
Extension of ANSI standard SQL
Language for creating stored procedures in SAP HANA
Declarative Logic
SELECT queries
Calculation engine (CE) functions
Orchestration Logic
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Assignment and imperative logic
Main goal is to allow the execution of data-intensive calculations inside SAP

HANA
Two reasons why this is required to achieve the best performance:
Eliminate data transfer between database and application tiers
Calculations need to be executed in the database layer to get the maximum benefit from SAP
HANA features such as fast column operations, query optimization, and parallel execution
2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved
Public

Traditional Programming Model vs. New Programming Model
New Model:
Code to Data
Traditional:
Data to Code
Application Layer
Application Layer
Code
Transfer
minimum
result set
Massive
data copies
creates
bottleneck
DB Layer
DB Layer
Code
Public

Editor Integration with SAP HANA Development Perspective
SQLScript Editor
hdbprocedure file extension
Source code stored in the
repository
Source code-based editor
Client-side syntax checking
Code hints
Syntax highlighting
Public

Declarative Logic
Allows the developer to declare the data selection via SELECT or calculation
engine (CE) functions
Developer defines the what
Engine defines the how and executes accordingly
Massively parallelized
Public

Imperative Logic
Allows developer to control

the flow of the logic within
SQLScript
Scalar variable manipulation

DDL/DML logic
WHILE loops
Branching logic based on some
conditions, for example IF/ELSE
Executed exactly as scripted,
procedurally
No parallel processing
Public

Arrays
Allows the developer to define

and construct arrays within
SQLScript
Set elements
Return elements
Remove elements
Concatenate two arrays
Turn array into a table
Turn a column of a table into an
array
Return cardinality of an array
Public

Dynamic Filtering
Allows developers to apply a

dynamic WHERE clause to
SELECT statements
Both database tables and intermediate
table variables are supported
Public

Cursors
Allows developers to iterate over a result set and perform row-based

processing and calculations
Public
Thank you
Contact information:
open@sap.com
2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an
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National product specifications may vary.
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and SAP SE or its affiliated companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP SE or
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In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this document or any related
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11
Week 3 Unit 2:
Triggers
Triggers
Overview
Special type of stored procedure

Executed BEFORE or AFTER an
event on a table
Events such as INSERT,
UPDATE, or DELETE
Created via SQL Console
Public
Triggers
Limitations
INSTEAD_OF trigger not supported

Statement-level trigger supported for row-store tables only
Access to subject table is blocked
Execution order is not guaranteed
Statements not supported in the body include:
Result set assignments

Exit/Continue/Return statements
Cursor operations
Procedure calls
Dynamic SQL
Public
Triggers
Examples (1)
Public
Triggers
Examples (2)
Public
Thank you
open@sap.com

Public
Week 3 Unit 3:
Exception Handling
Exception Handling
Overview
Exception handling
is a method for handling exception and
completion conditions
DECLARE EXIT HANDLER
DECLARE CONDITION
SIGNAL or RESIGNAL
Public
Exception Handling
SQL Exceptions
Declare exit handlers

for generic SQL
exceptions
Declare exit handlers

for specific SQL error
codes
Public
Exception Handling
Signaling User-Defined Conditions
Signaling and catching user-defined conditions
Public
Exception Handling
Re-signaling
Re-signaled user-defined exceptions to the caller
Public
Thank you
open@sap.com

Public
Week 3 Unit 4:
User-Defined Functions
Overview
Language used within the body is

SQLScript, no other languages are
supported
Functions are read-only, side
effect-free
Two types:
Table user-defined function (UDF)
Scalar user-defined function (UDF)
Public
Table UDF (1)
New repository artifact (.hdbtablefunction) and wizard

Currently a simple text editor. More robust editor features are planned for a
future support package
Public
Table UDF (2)
Can have any number of

input parameters
Returns exactly one table

Table operations are
allowed within the body
Consumed in the FROM
clause of a SELECT
statement
Public
Scalar UDF (1)
New repository artifact (.hdbscalarfunction) and wizard

Currently a simple text editor. More robust editor features are planned for a
future support package
Public
Scalar UDF (2)
Can have any number of input

parameters
Can return multiple values
Expression statements are
allowed within the body
No table operations such as
CURSOR, CE functions or
Array operations
Input parameters cannot be
table type
Consumed from the field list
or the WHERE clause of the
SELECT statement. Also
callable via direct
assignment( x :=
my_scalar_func() )
Public
Thank you
open@sap.com

Public
Week 3 Unit 5:
Application Function Library
(AFL)
Application Function Library (AFL)

Overview
Application Function Library (AFL) what is it?

Pre-delivered, commonly utilized business, predictive, and other types of algorithms
What are its benefits?
Algorithms can be leveraged directly in development projects
What are its primary libraries?

The Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)
The Business Function Library (BFL)
Application Functions (C++)
Predictive Analysis Library
Business Function Library
Public

Framework in SAP HANA
AFL technology includes

Application functions
Written in C++ and delivered as AFL content by
SAP
Predictive Analysis Library and Business Function
Library have been released in SPS05 as AFL
content
AFL framework
On-demand library-loading framework for
registered and supported libraries
AFLs are consumed for use from SQLScript via
wrapper procedures. Consumption can be
controlled via permissions
Beyond the initial script-based approach, the
Application Function Modeler is released with
SPS06 as a graphical editor to facilitate the
design-time process of creating the
wrapper procedures, and can easily be re-used as
part of development workflow
SAP HANA Clients

(App Server, Analytics Technology,)
SAP HANA
AFM
SQLScript
Parameter Table
AFL Framework
Application Functions (C++)

Predictive
Analysis
Library
Business
Function
Library
Public

Business Function Library (BFL)
Compiled analytic function library for business functionality

Supports various pre-built, parameter-driven algorithms
Embedded into calculation engine

http://help.sap.com/hana/SAP_HANA_Business_Function_Library_BFL_en.pdf
Help customers to
Build applications quickly
Reuse common business functionalities without re-inventing

them
Compute quickly
Perform functions in real time with high-performance inmemory computation
Empower the business
Bring decision support capabilities to the business users

through simplified experience and pre-built scenarios
Public

BFL Diminishing Balance Depreciation Example
...
declare
declare
declare
declare
declare
capitalization double ARRAY;

rate double ARRAY;
flag double ARRAY;
capitalizationtype double ARRAY;
periods double array;
capitalization[1] := '100000';
lt_capitalization = unnest(:capitalization) as ("VALUE");
rate[1] := '0.1';
lt_rate = unnest(:rate) as ("VALUE");
flag[1] := '0';
lt_flag = unnest(:flag) as ("VALUE");
capitalizationtype[1] := '0';
lt_capitalizationtype = unnest(:capitalizationtype) as ("VALUE");
periods[1] := '24';
lt_periods = unnest(:periods) as ("VALUE");
CALL "_SYS_AFL"."AFLBFL_DBDEPRECIATION_PROC"(:lt_capitalization,
:lt_rate, :lt_flag,
:lt_capitalizationtype,
:lt_periods,
:lt_depreciation);
ex_depreciation_tab = SELECT TO_DECIMAL(DEP_VALUE, 9, 2)
...
Public

Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)
Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

Compiled analytic function library for predictive analysis
Supports multiple algorithms
http://help.sap.com/hana/SAP_HANA_Predictive_Analysis_Library_PAL_en.pdf
Help customers to
Know the business
Decide with confidence
Compute quickly
Empower the business
Uncover deep insights and patterns about the business
Drive more advanced analyses
Query and analyze data in real time with high-performance

in-memory computation
Bring decision support capabilities to the business users
through pre-built scenarios
Public

Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) Supported Algorithms
Supported Algorithms
Association Analysis
Classification Analysis
Regression
Cluster Analysis
Time Series Analysis
Probability Distribution
Outlier Detection
Statistic Functions (Univariate)
Link Prediction
Data Preparation
Statistic Functions (Multivariate)
X
Z
Multiple Linear Regression example Z = f(X,Y)
Public

PAL K-Means Example Generate PAL Procedure via SQL Console
CREATE TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_DATA_T AS TABLE(
"ID" INTEGER, "V000" DOUBLE, "V001" VARCHAR(2), "V002" DOUBLE
);
CREATE TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_ASSIGNED_T AS TABLE(
"ID" INTEGER, "CLUSTER" INTEGER, "DISTANCE" DOUBLE
);
CREATE TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_T AS TABLE(
"CLUSTER_ID" INTEGER, "V000" DOUBLE, "V001" VARCHAR(2), "V002" DOUBLE
);
CREATE TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_CONTROL_T AS TABLE(
"NAME" VARCHAR (100), "INTARGS" INTEGER, "DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE,
);
"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR (100)
CREATE COLUMN TABLE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_PDATA_TBL(

"ID" INTEGER, "TYPENAME" VARCHAR(100), "DIRECTION" VARCHAR(100)
);
INSERT
INSERT
INSERT
INSERT
INTO
INTO
INTO
INTO
SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_PDATA_TBL
VALUES
VALUES
VALUES
VALUES
(1,
(2,
(3,
(4,
'SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_DATA_T', 'in');
'SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_CONTROL_T', 'in');
'SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_ASSIGNED_T', 'out');
'SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_T', 'out');
call "SYSTEM".afl_wrapper_eraser('PAL_KMEANS_PROC');
call "SYSTEM".afl_wrapper_generator('PAL_KMEANS_PROC', 'AFLPAL', 'KMEANS',
SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_PDATA_TBL);
DROP
DROP
DROP
DROP
DROP
TABLE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_PDATA_TBL;
TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_DATA_T;
TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_ASSIGNED_T;
TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_T;
TYPE SAP_HANA_EPM_NEXT.PAL_CONTROL_T;
Public

PAL K-Means Example Call PAL Procedure from SQLScript Procedure
...
lt_PAL_CONTROL_TBL = unnest(:control_name, :control_intargs,
:control_doubleargs, :control_stringargs)
as ("NAME", "INTARGS", "DOUBLEARGS", "STRINGARGS");
...
lt_PAL_KMEANS_DATA_TBL = unnest(:data_id, :data_v000, :data_v001, :data_v002)
as ("ID", "V000", "V001", "V002");
CALL "_SYS_AFL".PAL_KMEANS_PROC( :lt_PAL_KMEANS_DATA_TBL,
:lt_PAL_CONTROL_TBL,
:lt_PAL_KMEANS_ASSIGNED_TBL,
:lt_PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_TBL);
ex_pal_kmeans_assigned_tbl = SELECT * FROM :lt_PAL_KMEANS_ASSIGNED_TBL;
ex_pal_kmeans_centers_tbl = SELECT * FROM :lt_PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_TBL;
...
Public

Application Function Modeler
Application Function Modeler

A graphical editor to facilitate a faster and easier design-time process of creating the
wrapper procedures
AFL models are stored as repository objects and can easily be re-used as part of
development workflow
Model Editor
Drag and drop of
functions
Template for table types
Data source selection and
automatic mappings to
table types
Sample SQL
for procedure
consumption
Function List
and Search
Library
Selection
Parameters and
specifications
for table types
Public
10
Thank you
open@sap.com

Public
12
Week 3 Unit 6: Plan Visualizer
Plan Visualizer
Overview
Tool used to analyze SQL and SQLScript procedures

Integrated directly into SAP HANA studio
Shows graphical representation of execution plan of SQL statement or procedure call
Public
Thank you
open@sap.com

Public
Week 3 Unit 7: ABAP Managed

Database Procedures (AMDP)
ABAP Managed Database Procedures

Overview
Manage database procedures and

their lifecycles from within the ABAP
development infrastructure
ABAP method is used as container
Implementation of method body is
done in SQLScript
ABAP server creates database
procedure in database catalog
Public
ABAP Managed Database Procedures (AMDP)

Example
CLASS zcl_example_amdp DEFINITION...

INTERFACES if_amdp_marker_hdb.
METHODS: determine_sales_volume
IMPORTING VALUE(iv_client) TYPE mandt
EXPORTING VALUE(et_sales_volume) TYPE
tt_sales_volume.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_example_amdp IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD determine_sales_volume BY DATABASE PROCEDURE
FOR HDB LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
USING snwd_so_i snwd_so_sl snwd_pd.
-here you use SQLScript
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Marker interface
Method additions
Forward
declaration of
accessed
database objects
Public
Thank you
open@sap.com

Public

SQLScript A

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Week 3 Unit 1:

Advanced Language Features

Advanced Language Features

Main goal is to allow the execution of data-intensive calculations inside SAP

Advanced Language Features

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Advanced Language Features

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Advanced Language Features

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Advanced Language Features

Allows developer to control

Scalar variable manipulation

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Advanced Language Features

Allows the developer to define

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Advanced Language Features

Allows developers to apply a

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Advanced Language Features

Allows developers to iterate over a result set and perform row-based

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Special type of stored procedure

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

INSTEAD_OF trigger not supported

Result set assignments

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Declare exit handlers

Declare exit handlers

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Signaling and catching user-defined conditions

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Re-signaled user-defined exceptions to the caller

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Language used within the body is

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

New repository artifact (.hdbtablefunction) and wizard

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Can have any number of

Returns exactly one table

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

New repository artifact (.hdbscalarfunction) and wizard

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Can have any number of input

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Application Function Library (AFL)

Application Function Library (AFL) what is it?

What are its primary libraries?

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved

Business Function Library

Application Function Library (AFL)