Bautista, Sheena Marie P.

BSPharmacy 2A1-2
RESEARCH THE FOLLOWING:
1. Badminton- is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles),

who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court divided by a net.

a) Brief History
-The beginnings of badminton can be traced to the mid-1800s in British India, where it was created
by British military officers stationed there.[4]Early photographs show Englishmen adding a net to the
traditional English game of battledore and shuttlecock. The sport is related to ball badminton, which
originated in Tamil Nadu, and is similar to Hanetsuki which originated in Japan. Being particularly popular in
the British garrison town Poona (nowPune), the game also came to be known as Poona.[4][5] Initially, balls of
wool referred as ball badminton were preferred by the upper classes in windy or wet conditions, but
ultimately the shuttlecock stuck. This game was taken by retired officers back to England where it developed
and rules were set out.
b) Facilities and equipment
- The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a
comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before applying the
final layer.
- A shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle; also called a birdie) is a high-drag projectile, with an
open conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork
base. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material.
-Badminton shoes are lightweight with soles of rubber or similar high-grip, non-marking materials.
Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have little lateral support.

c) Dimension and location of the court

- The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually marked for both
singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles only.[10] The
doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are of same length. The exception, which often
causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension. The full
width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 metres (17 ft). The full
length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 ft). The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of
the court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 ft 6 inch) from the net, and by the outer side
and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is
0.76 metres (2 ft 6 inch) from the back boundary. The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and
1.524 metres (5 ft) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when
singles is played. The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in the Laws of

Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high
serve.

d) Basic Skills

To start off, first you need to have a correct gripping on your racket. The two common
grips are the forehand grip and the backhand grip.
As the name suggest, the forehand grip is for hitting shuttles on your forehand side of
your body. The backhand grip is used on hitting shuttles on your backhand side of your
body. For full instructions and images, please check this out.
The second thing that I consider it as an integral part of Badminton Basic Skills is the
Serve. There are four different types of serve, each having their own purpose and
characteristics. I suggest that you master the high serve first as it is very useful in a beginner's
game.For full instructions and images, please check this out.
The third and final thing that I think it's equally important is to have a correct forehand
overhead throwing motion. A good forehand overhead stroke is formed upon a good overhead
throwing movement.
You can practice this movement using your racket without actually hitting the shuttle.
Alternatively, you can hold a shuttle or a ball in your hand and practice throwing it out.
e) Terminologies

Attacking clear : An offensive stroke hit deep into the opponent's court.
Backcourt : Back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.
Backhand : The stroke used to return balls hit to the left of a right-handed player and
to the right of a left-handed player.
Base position : The location in the centre of the court to which a singles player tries
to return after each shot; also called "centre position".
Baseline : The back boundary line at each end of the court, parallel to the net.
Carry : An illegal stroke in which the shuttle is not hit, but caught and held on the
racket before being released; also called a "sling" or "throw".
Centre line : A line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service
courts.
Clear : A shot hit deep into the opponent's court.
Doubles : A game where a team of two players play against another team of two.
Doubles sideline : The side boundary of a doubles court.

Drive : A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
Drop shot : A shot hit softly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net in the
opponent's court.
Fault : A violation of the playing rules.
Feint : Any deceptive movement that disconcerts an opponent before or during the
serve; also called a "balk".
Flick : A quick wrist-and-forearm rotation used to surprise an opponent by changing
an apparently soft shot into a faster passing shot.
Forecourt : The front third of the court, between the net and the short service line.
Forehand : The stroke used to return a ball hit to the right of a right-handed player
and to the left of a left-handed player.
Game : The part of a set completed when one player or side has scored enough
points to win a single contest.
Hairpin net shot : A shot made from below and very close to the net and causing the
shuttle to rise, just clear the net, then drop sharply down the other side so that the
flight of the shuttlecock resembles the shape of a hairpin.
Halfcourt shot : A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles play
against the up-and-back formation.
High clear : A defensive shot hit deep into the opponent's court.
Kill : Fast downward shot that cannot be returned.
Let : A minor violation of the rules allowing a rally to be replayed.
Long Service Line : In singles, the back boundary line. In doubles a line 2-1/2 feet
inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line.
Match : A series of games to determine a winner.
Midcourt : The middle third of the court, halfway between the net and the back
boundary line.
Net shot : A shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.
Passing shot : A shot which passes the opposing player or team.
Push shot : A gentle shot played by pushing the shuttlecock with a little wrist motion.
Rally : The exchange of shots that decides each point.

Serve : The stroke used to put the shuttlecock into play at the start of each rally; also
called a "service".
Service court : The area into which a service must be delivered. Different for singles
and doubles.
Set : To choose to extend a game beyond its normal ending score if the score is tied
with one point to go.
Short service line : The front line of the service courts 1.98 metres from the net.
Singles : A game where one player plays against another player.
Singles sideline : The side boundary of a singles court.
Smash : A hard-hit overhead shot that forces the shuttle sharply downwards into the
opponent's court.
Wood shot : A legal shot in which the shuttle hits the frame of the racket.
f)

Rules of the game

Scoring System
o

A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.

Every time there is a serve there is a point scored.

The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.

At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.

At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.

The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Interval and Change of Ends

o

When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second interval.

A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed.

In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.

Singles
o

At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the servers score is even, the server serves from the right
service court. When the servers score is odd, the server serves from the left service court.

If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from the alternate service court.

If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. They serve from the
appropriate service court left if their score is odd, and right if it is even.

Doubles

A side has only one service.

The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram.

At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court.
When it is odd, the server serves from the left court.

If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the
alternate service court.

If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new
serving side.

The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving.

g) Officials of the game

- The referee is in overall charge of the tournament. The umpire, where appointed, is in

charge of the match, the court and its immediate surrounds. The umpire shall report to the
referee. The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they occur. A
line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle landed 'in' or 'out' on the line or lines assigned.
An official's decision is final on all points of fact for which that official is responsible.
h) Types of elimination

i) Doubles
j)

Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack, smashing downwards when possible. Whenever possible,
a pair will adopt an ideal attacking formation with one player hitting down from the rearcourt, and his partner
in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the lift. If the rearcourt attacker plays a dropshot, his
partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net reply. If a pair cannot hit downwards, they will use flat
strokes in an attempt to gain the attack. If a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttlecock, then they must
defend: they will adopt a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the full width of their court
against the opponents' smashes. In doubles, players generally smash to the middle ground between two
players in order to take advantage of confusion and clashes.

k) At high levels of play, the backhand serve has become popular to the extent that forehand serves have
become fairly rare at a high level of play. The straight low serve is used most frequently, in an attempt to
prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately. Flick serves are used to prevent the opponent from
anticipating the low serve and attacking it decisively.
l)

At high levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast. Men's doubles is the most aggressive form of
badminton, with a high proportion of powerful jump smashes and very quick reflex exchanges. Because of
this, spectator interest is sometimes greater for men's doubles than for singles.

Singles
m) The singles court is narrower than the doubles court, but the same length. Since one person needs to cover
the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to move as much as possible; this means
that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court. Players exploit the length of the court
by combining lifts and clears with drop shots and net shots. Smashing tends to be less prominent in singles

than in doubles because the smasher has no partner to follow up his effort and is thus vulnerable to a
skillfully placed return. Moreover, frequent smashing can be exhausting in singles where the conservation of
a player's energy is at a premium. However, players with strong smashes will sometimes use the shot to
create openings, and players commonly smash weak returns to try to end rallies.
n) In singles, players will often start the rally with a forehand high serve or with a flick serve. Low serves are
also used frequently, either forehand or backhand. Drive serves are rare.
o) At high levels of play, singles demands extraordinary fitness. Singles is a game of patient positional
manoeuvring, unlike the all-out aggression of doubles.

p) Mixed doubles
q) In mixed doubles, both pairs typically try to maintain an attacking formation with the woman at the front and
the man at the back. This is because the male players are usually substantially stronger, and can therefore
produce smashes that are more powerful. As a result, mixed doubles require greater tactical awareness and
subtler positional play. Clever opponents will try to reverse the ideal position, by forcing the woman towards
the back or the man towards the front. In order to protect against this danger, mixed players must be careful
and systematic in their shot selection.[14]
r)

At high levels of play, the formations will generally be more flexible: the top women players are capable of
playing powerfully from the back-court, and will happily do so if required. When the opportunity arises,
however, the pair will switch back to the standard mixed attacking position, with the woman in front and men
in the back.