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BRITISH STANDARD

Coatings on metal
fasteners
Part 3: Specifications for electroplated
zinc and cadmium coatings

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:

BS 7371-3:1993
Incorporating
corrigendum no. 1

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BS 7371-3:1993

Committees responsible for this


British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the General
Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee (GME/-) to Technical
Committee GME/9, upon which the following bodies were represented:
BEAMA Ltd.
British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.
British Industrial Fasteners Federation
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
British Steel Industry (Wire Section)
Gauge and Tool Makers Association
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd.
Washer Manufacturers Association of Great Britain
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:
British Turned-parts Manufacturers Association
Institute of Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing Association
Stainless Steel Fabricators Association of Great Britain
National Centre of Tribology

This British Standard, having


been prepared under the
direction of the General
Mechanical Engineering
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the
authority of the Standards
Board and comes into effect
on 15 September 1993
BSI 2007
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard.
Committee reference GME/9
Draft for comment
93/702145 DC

ISBN 0 580 22520 8

Amendments issued since publication


Amd. No.

Date

Text affected

8181

March 1994

Correction to Table C.1

Corrigendum no. 1

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BS 7371-3:1993

Contents
Committees responsible
Foreword

Page
Inside front cover
ii

Specification
0
Introduction
1
Scope
2
References
3
Definitions
4
Application and type of coating
5
Coating
6
Chromate treatment
7
Suitability of coatings for components with parallel threads
8
Information to be documented and supplied to the coater
9
Identification
Annexes
Annex A (normative) Coating thickness for threaded parts
Annex B (normative) Measurement of coating thickness
Annex C (informative) Guidance on procedures that may be adopted to
accommodate thick coatings

1
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
7
10
11

Tables
Table 1 Nominal coating thicknesses
Table 2 Coating designation and corrosion resistance
Table 3 Designation of chromate treatments
Table A.1 Upper limits of nominal coating thickness
Table C.1 Minimum fundamental deviation required to accommodate
coatings too thick to be applied to standard threads. Metric threads

12

Figure
Figure B.1 Measuring area for local coating thickness measurement on
fasteners

11

List of references

13

3
5
6
8

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BS 7371-3:1993

Foreword
This Part of BS 7371 has been prepared under the authority of the General
Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee to provide part of a series
of standards on coatings on metal fasteners.
The attention of user of this Part of BS 7371 is drawn to the restrictions placed
on the marketing and use of cadmium and its compounds contained in the
Environmental Protection (Controls on Injurious Substances (No. 4)
Regulations 1992 [1].
WARNINGS. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or
procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken.
It refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves wither the designer,
the producer, the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to
health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
obligations.

ii

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BS 7371-3:1993

0 Introduction
BS 7371 deals with the performance and selection of coatings on metal fasteners and accessories.
This Part of BS 7371 specifies the requirements for zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings.
Other published Parts of BS 7371 are as follows:
BS 7371-1:1991 Specification for general requirements and selection guidelines1)
BS 7371-2:1993 Specification for torque/clamping force relationship
BS 7371-11:1993 Specification for zinc flake non-electrolytically applied cured coatings
Further Parts of the series to incorporate the following are in preparation:
Specification for electroplated nickel, nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium coatings
Specification for electroplated tin and tin/lead coatings
Specification for electroplated coatings for special purposes
Specification for mechanically applied zinc coatings
Specification for mechanically applied coatings for special purposes
Specification for phosphate and oil coatings
Specification for organic coatings
Zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings covered by this Part of BS 7371 are for use on fasteners and
accessories where the following apply:
a) a coating given galvanic protection is required for ferrous fasteners;
b) a substrate is required to improve the corrosion resistance of subsequent coatings on ferrous fasteners,
e.g. organic;
c) the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of high tensile steel fasteners is acceptable;
d) the use of cadmium is acceptable.
The coating has a silver appearance which can be modified to yellow, olive green or black by a chromate
conversion (passivation) treatment applied to improve corrosion resistance.
Additional coatings are available to further modify colour but these may influence coating performance,
e.g. lubricity or electrical conductivity.
The shape of certain parts may create difficulties in the application of a coating of uniform thickness and
reference to the coating of uniform thickness and reference to the coater is recommended to enquire if a
difficulty exists or if it can be overcome by the use of specialized processing methods.
Typical difficulties as outlined in BS 4479-1:1990 and BS 4479-2:1990 arise when bulk processing:
1) long thin parts;
2) parts with flat surfaces that can stick together during processing, e.g. flat washers;
3) parts with recesses which do not receive the full coating;
4) parts with shapes that induce nesting and interlocking;
5) the internal surfaces of hollow parts.
The coatings are suitable for application to metal components such as the following:
i) parallel threaded fasteners and accessories;
ii) screws that cut or form their own threads, e.g. self tapping screws (see for example BS 4174:1972);
iii) woodscrews (see for example BS 1210:1963);
iv) springs and spring components;
v) pipe nuts and connectors with parallel or tapered threads.

1)

This is supplementary to all other Parts of BS 7371.

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BS 7371-3:1993

When these coatings are applied to non-ferrous fasteners, the only part of the specification that will apply
will be the coating thickness requirement. These coatings should not be specified for application to copper
or copper alloys unless an undercoat is also specified, e.g. nickel.
NOTE The coating processes covered by this standard may induce hydrogen embrittlement in certain ferrous fasteners. Attention
is drawn to the appropriate requirements in BS 7371-1:1991.

1 Scope
This part of BS 7371 specifies requirements for coatings applied by the electrolysis of solutions of zinc or
cadmium. The coatings consist principally of zinc or cadmium and can be lubricated to give controlled
torque/clamping force properties when required (see for example BS 7371-2:1993).
In addition to the requirements in this Part of BS 7371, the requirements in Part 1 of the standard which
are applicable to zinc and cadmium electroplated coatings apply.
This Part of BS 7371 also specifies requirements for the following:
a) the coating thickness;
b) the type of chromate conversion treatment to be applied;
c) quality assessment of the corrosion resistance of unused coated parts when subjected to neutral salt
spray testing (see for example BS 7479:1991);
d) adhesion test.
Annexes include tables indicating suitable coating grades for standard screw threads and methods of
determination of coating thickness.

2 References
2.1 Normative references
This part of BS 7371 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed
on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this
Part of BS 7371 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision.
2.2 Informative references
This Part of BS 7371 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these
publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference
should be made to the latest editions.

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Part of BS 7371, the definitions given in BS 7371-1:1991 apply.

4 Application and type of coating


4.1 Cleaning and pretreatment
Parts, fasteners and accessories shall be cleaned and pretreated in accordance with Clauses 4 and 5 of
BS 7371-1:1991.
NOTE Restrictions applicable to the avoidance of embrittlement of high tensile parts should be observed.

4.2 Type of coating


The coating shall be either silver in appearance or modified by passivation types C, D or Bk (see Clause 6).
NOTE 1 The colour may be further modified by the addition of an organic top coat.

The coating shall be electrically conductive and galvanically protective to steel under most climatic
conditions.
NOTE 2 The presence of passivates, particularly the coloured ones, decreases electrical conductivity at the surface.

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BS 7371-3:1993

Where specified by the purchaser (see item e) of Clause 8) the lubricity of the coating shall be modified by
the addition of a lubricant and the torque/clamping force performance of a coated fastener shall conform to
BS 7371-2:1993.
NOTE 3 The addition of an organic coating may affect dimensions, lubricity and electrical conductivity.

4.3 Application
The coating of zinc or cadmium shall be applied by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a salt or salts
of the appropriate metal.
NOTE Stabilizers and brighteners may be added to the solution is necessary.

5 Coating
5.1 Surface condition
The coating shall be clean, dry and of uniform appearance. All surfaces of a component shall be coated
unless otherwise agreed. The coating shall be free from blisters or loosely adhering material.
5.2 Coating thickness
The specified coating thickness (see item b) of Clause 8) shall be applied using the relationships between
nominal, local and batch average thicknesses shown in Table 1. Coating thicknesses for threaded parts
shall conform to Annex A. The coating thicknesses shall be measured by the methods described in Annex B.
NOTE If a coating thickness other than those given in Table 1 is required, this should be agreed between the purchaser and the
supplier.

Table 1 Nominal coating thicknesses


Thicknesses in 4m
Nominal
coating
thickness1)

3
5
3
10
12
15
20
25
30

Effective coating thickness


Minimum local thickness

3
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30

Batch average thickness


min.

max.

3
4
7
9
11
14
18
23
27

5
6
10
12
15
18
23
28
35

1)

See Annex A.
NOTE BS 7371-1:1991 covers a range of thicknesses up to and
including 12 4m. Greater thicknesses are given here as these may be ordered
by the purchaser on agreement with the supplier

Local thickness shall be measured on a significant surface (see Figure B.1).


Exceeding the maximum batch average thickness shall not be a cause for rejection if the coated thread is
still accepted by an appropriate go gauge, 4h for external threads and 4H for internal threads.

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BS 7371-3:1993

5.3 Corrosion resistance


Unless otherwise agreed, representative samples from a batch shall be selected in accordance with
Clause 7 of BS 7371-1:1991 and shall be tested for resistance to neutral salt spray in accordance with
BS 7479:1991.
Coatings shall be graded by their corrosion resistance as given in Table 2. Surfaces which are not
significant shall resist neutral salt spray for 50 % of the time given in Table 2.
NOTE For routine quality control purposes, after the ability of the coating to conform to the corrosion test is established, evaluation
of coating mass or thickness may be used, but for referee purposes the corrosion resistance requirements still apply.

5.4 Adhesion
When tested in accordance with 2.1 of BS 5411-10:1981 the metallic coating shall continue to adhere to
basic metal.

6 Chromate treatment
The chromate treatment (passivation) shall be designated by the symbols specified in Table 3.

7 Suitability of coatings for components with parallel threads


NOTE 1 The suitability of the coatings specified in this Part of BS 7371 for parts with screw threads is limited by the clearance
between external and internal threads.

Maximum electroplating thickness to be applied to parts incorporating standard thread forms shall be as
specified in Annex A, in order to minimize the risk of interference when both threaded elements of an
assembly are similarly coated.
NOTE 2 Annex C gives guidance for modifying thread dimensions to accommodate thicker coatings.
NOTE 3 Modification of male thread dimensions from tolerance class 6g may influence the mechanical properties.

8 Information to be documented and supplied to the coater


The following information shall be fully documented and supplied to the coater:
a) the number and date of this British Standard i.e. BS 7371-3:1993;
b) the nominal coating thickness (see Table 1) and the coating designation (see Table 2);
c) the type of chromate conversion treatment required (see Clause 6);
d) the hardness and property class of the component to be plated;
e) if lubrication of the coating is required in accordance with BS 7371-2:1993;
f) the significant surfaces if not as defined in BS 7371-1:1991;
g) any additional protection required for delivery (see Clause 8 and Appendix D of BS 7371-1:1991);
h) the requirements of any subsequent operations (e.g. the application of an adhesive);
i) any special requirements (e.g. selective plating: see Annex C).

9 Identification
The coating shall be identified by the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 7371-3:19932)
together with the coating designation in accordance with Table 2.
NOTE The chromate conversion treatment is included in the designation.

A lubricated condition shall be designated by the letter L after the designation (see 4.2).
Example
A zinc electroplated coating of 8 4m thickness with yellow chromate conversion coating and added lubricant
would be identified as BS 7371-3:1993 Zn8CL.
2) Marking BS 7371-3:1993 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or
on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the
claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be
desirable.

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BS 7371-3:1993

Table 2 Coating designation and corrosion resistance


Designation

Nominal coating
treatment
4m

Zn or Cd 3A
Zn or Cd 3B
Zn or Cd 3C
Zn or Cd 3D
Zn or Cd 5A
Zn or Cd 5B
Zn or Cd 5C
Zn or Cd 5D
Zn or Cd 5Bk
Zn or Cd 8A
Zn or Cd 8B
Zn or Cd 8C
Zn or Cd 8D
Zn or Cd 8Bk
Zn or Cd 12A
Zn or Cd 12B
Zn or Cd 12C
Zn or Cd 12D
Zn or Cd 12Bk
1)
2)

32)

12

Chromate
treatment
designation1)

First appearance
of white corrosion
product
h

First appearance of rust

A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Bk
A
B
C
D
Bk
A
B
C
D
Bk

2
6
24
24
6
12
48
72
12
6
24
72
96
24
6
24
72
96
24

24
24
36
36
48
72
120
168

12
12
24
24
24
36
72
96

96
120
168
192
120
144
192
240
264
192

48
72
120
144
72
72
96
144
168
96

Cadmium
h

Zinc
h

See Clause 6.
Low coating thicknesses impair chromate conversion performance.

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BS 7371-3:1993

Table 3 Designation of chromate treatments


Designation

Type

Typical appearance

Corrosion protection

Clear

B
Bk
C
D

Bleached
Black
Iridescent
Opaque

Transparent clear, sometimes with a


bluish tinge
Transparent with slight iridescence
Black with slight iridescence
Yellow iridescent
Olive green, shading to brown or bronze

Slight, for example against staining


during handling or against high
humidity in mildly corrosive
conditions

NOTE This table is modified from Table 1 of BS 6338:1982.

Considerable, including protection


against certain organic vapours

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BS 7371-3:1993

Annex A (normative)
Coating thickness for threaded parts
In order to reduce the risk of interference on assembly of threads with electroplated coatings, the nominal
coating thickness shall not exceed one-quarter of the fundamental deviation of the thread as specified in
Table A.1.
The effective coating thickness measured according to one of the methods specified in Annex B shall
conform to the values specified in Table 1.
If batch average thickness measurement is used for threaded parts having a nominal thread length > 5d
then a smaller nominal thickness shall be applied (see Table A.1).

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Table A.1 Upper limits of nominal coating thickness


Pitch P

0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.75
0.8
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
1)
2)
3)
4)

Nominal
thread
diameter1)
d

Internal thread

External thread

Tolerance position G4)

Tolerance position g4)

Fundamenta Nominal
l deviation
coating
thickness
max.

Fundamental Normal coating thickness max.


deviation
2)

3)

All
nominal
lengths

Nominal length l
l < 5d

5d < l < 10d

10d < l < 15d

mm

4m

4m

4m

4m

4m

4m

4m

1; 1.2
1.4
1.6(1.8)
2
2.5(2.2)
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
6(7)
8
10
12
16(14)
20(18; 22)
24(27)
30(33)
36(39)
42(45)
48(52)
56(60)
64

+17
+18
+18
+19
+19
+20
+20
+21
+22
+22
+24
+26
+28
+32
+34
+38
+42
+48
+53
+60
+63
+71
+75
+80

3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
20

p17
p18
p18
p19
p19
p20
p20
p21
p22
p22
p24
p26
p28
p32
p34
p38
p42
p48
p53
p60
p63
p71
p75
p80

3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
20

3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
20

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
8
8
10
12
12
12
15
15

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
8
8
10
10
10
12
12

Information for coarse pitch threads is given for convenience only. The determining characteristic is the thread pitch.
Maximum values of nominal coating thickness if local thickness measurement is agreed.
Maximum values of nominal coating thickness if batch average thickness measurement is agreed.
See BS 3643-1 and BS 3643-2.

NOTE The additional deviations that can be applied to threads specially manufactured to accommodate thick coatings are given
in Table C.1.

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BS 7371-3:1993

Tolerance position f 4)

Tolerance position e4)

Fundamental Normal coating thickness max.


deviation

Fundamental Normal coating thickness max.


deviation

2)

3)

2)

All
Nominal length l
nominal
5d < l < 10d
lengths l < 5d

10d < l < 15d

4m

4m

4m

4m

4m

p34
p34
p35
p36
p36
p38
p38
p38
p40
p12
p45
p48
p52
p58
p53
p70
p75
p80
p85
p90
p95

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
12
15
15
15
20
20
20
20

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
12
15
15
15
20
20
20
20

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
8
10
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
15

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
10
10
12
12
12
12
12

3)

All
Nominal length l
nominal
lengths l < 5d 5d < l < 10d

10d < l < 15d

4m

4m

4m

4m

4m

p50
p53
p56
p56
p60
p60
p63
p67
p71
p71
p71
p80
p90
p95
p100
p106
p112
p118

12
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25

12
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25

10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20

8
8
8
8
10
10
15
15
15
10
12
12
15
15
15
15
15
15

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BS 7371-3:1993

Annex B (normative)
Measurement of coating thickness
B.1 Local thickness
The local thickness shall be measured by one of the methods contained in the following British Standards.
BS 5411-2:1987
BS 5411-4:1986
BS 5411-5:1984
BS 5411-8:1991
The thickness shall only be measured on the measuring areas as shown in Figure B.1.
B.2 Determination of group and batch average coating thickness
B.2.1 Reagents
A stripping solution consisting of:
hydrochloric acid (density 1.16 g/ml to 1.18 g/ml)
distilled water
antimony trioxide

800 ml
200 ml
20 g

B.2.2 Procedure
Degrease the group of components in an organic solvent, dry thoroughly and weigh to an accuracy of 0.01 %
of the total mass of the group of components; then totally immerse the components in the stripping solution
and turn them over to allow free access to all surfaces. After the effervescence has ceased, remove the
samples, wash immediately in running water, and wipe with a soft cloth to remove any loose deposits.
Immerse in clean acetone, remove, dry thoroughly and reweigh.
B.2.3 Calculations
B.2.3.1 Calculate the group average thickness of coating (in 4m) using the following formula:
K ( m0 m 1 )
Thickness = ------------------------------A
Where
3)

K
m0
m1
A

3)

is a factor dependent on the density of the coating (see B.2.3.2);


is the original mass of the group of components (in g);
is the final mass of the group of components (in g);
is the total surface area of the group of components (in cm2)3).

Surface areas of common metric components are given in Appendix C of BS 7371-1:1991.

10

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BS 7371-3:1993

Measuring area

Figure B.1 Measuring area for local coating thickness measurement on fasteners
B.2.3.2 Values of K are as follows:
for cadmium, K = 1160, assuming a density of 8.6 g/cm3 for cadmium;
for zinc, K = 1410, assuming a density of 7.1 g/cm3 for zinc.
B.2.3.3 Calculate the batch average coating thickness from the following formula:
of all group average coating thicknessesBatch average coating thickness = Sum
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Number of groups

Annex C (informative)
Guidance on procedures that may be adopted to accommodate thick coatings
C.1 Modification of thread dimensions
When, in order to provide improved corrosion resistance, it is required to deposit coatings thicker than
those that appear in Table A.1 or alternatively, when it is required to apply coatings to components of
pitches smaller than appear in Table A.1, it is necessary to manufacture threads to special limits and
tolerances.
The minimum pitch limits of applicability in Table A.1 can be lowered if for any particular thread the
normal tolerance is restricted at the maximum metal limits. This provides a greater fundamental deviation
or, in the case of tolerance position H, it provides a deviation which does not otherwise exist. Alternatively,
the whole tolerance zone can be displaced to provide a greater fundamental deviation.
The minimum fundamental deviation required for particular pitches and deposit thicknesses are given in
Table C.1.
C.2 Selective electroplating
Where a thick deposit is required on a portion of the fastener, for example the heads of bolts or blind nuts,
it is often possible to use the procedure of selective electroplating. In such cases the thickness of the
deposits applied to the different areas of the fastener will need to be specified by the purchaser.

11

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BS 7371-3:1993

Table C.1 Minimum fundamental deviation required to accommodate coatings too thick to
be applied to standard threads. Metric threads
Dimensions in micrometres
Normal coating
thickness

3
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30

Minimum fundamental deviation


If local thickness
measurement is agreed

If batch average thickness measurement is agreed

All nominal lengths

1 < 5d

5d < l < 10d

10d < l < 15d

12
20
32
40
48
60
80
100
120

12
20
32
40
48
60
80
100
120

15
25
40
50
60
75
100
125
150

18
30
48
60
72
90
120
150
180

NOTE 1 If the tolerance class already has a basic deviation (for example, G, g, f or e), the deviation is deducted from the relevant
deviation in Table C.1 to give the minimum additional basic deviation.
NOTE 2 Since the modifications for the thicker deposits may significantly reduce the thread engagement, their application should
be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.

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List of references (see Clause 2)


Normative references
BSI standards publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 3643
BS 3643-1:1981
BS 3643-2:1981
BS 5411
BS 5411-2:1987
BS 5411-4:1986
BS 5411-5:1984
BS 5411-8:1991
BS 5411-10:1981
BS 7371
BS 7371-1:1991
BS 7371-2:1993
BS 7479:1991

ISO metric screw threads


Principles and basic data
Specification for selected limits of size
Methods of test for metallic and related coatings
Review of methods of measurement of thickness
Coulometric method for the measurement of coating thickness
Measurement of local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the
microscopical examination of cross-sections
Measurement of coating thickness of metallic coatings: X-ray
spectrometric methods
Review of methods and available for testing adhesion of
electrodeposited and chemically deposited metallic coatings on
metallic substrates
Coatings on metal fasteners
Specification for general requirements and selection guidelines
Specification for torque/clamping force relationship
Method for salt spray corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres

Informative references
BSI standards publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 1210:19634)
BS 4174:19724)
BS 4479
BS 4479-1:19904)
BS 4479-2:19904)
BS 6338:1982

Specification for wood screws


Specification for self-tapping screws and metallic drive screws
Design of articles that are to be coated
General recommendations
Recommendations for electroplated and autocatalytic coatings
Specification for chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc
and cadmium coatings

Other references
[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Environmental Protection (Controls on Injurious Substances) (No. 4) Regulations
1992. London: HMSO5)

4)
5)

Referred to in Clause 0 Introduction only.


Referred to in the foreword only.

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