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vx 2 v0 x 2 2ax ( x x0 )
gives
When the projectile motion begins the rocket has v0 2236 m/s at 350 above the horizontal and is at a
vertical height of (2000 m)sin350 1147 m. For the projectile motion let x be horizontal to the right
and let y be upward. Let y 0 at the ground. Then y0 1147 m, v0 x v0 cos350 1832 m/s,
ax 0,
y y0
v y 2 v0 y 2
2a y
0 (1283 m/s)2
2(980 m/s 2 )
840 m and
m
y
Solution:
mg T ma
T k N Mg sin Ma
N Mg cos
mg k Mg cos Mg sin Ma ma
v2 v02 2ay
T
a
fk=kN
g (m M sin k M cos
a
(M m)
W Fx m.a .x
m 2 2
(v v0 )
2
Mgsin
Mgcos
mg
5.0 kg
45.0 N
10.0 kg
Solution:
U upper block & L lower block & LU L on U
T
Free-body diagram for each block
(fLU , fUL) and (NLU , NUL) appear in both diagrams
as action-reaction pairs
5.0 kg block:
Fy = 0
NLU = WU = mU g = (5.0)(9.8) = 49.0 N
Fx = 0
T = fLU = k mU g = (0.2)(5.0)(9.8) = 9.8 N
10.0 kg block:
Fx = ma
F fUL fTL = mLa
(1)
FUL
Fy = 0
NTL NUL mLg = 0
(2)
FTL = k NTL = k (NUL + mL g) = (0.2)(49.0 + 98.0) = 29.4 N
FTL
From Eq.(1), we get:
Net force on L = 45 9.8 29.4 = (10.0)a
Therefore,
a = 5.8 / 10 = 0.58 m/s2
(b)
NLU
FLU
5.0 kg
WU
NTL
NUL
10.0 kg
WL
(4) A penguin slides at a constant velocity of 1.73 m/s down an icy incline. The incline slopes above the horizontal
at an angle of 10.0. At the bottom of the incline, the penguin slides onto a horizontal patch of ice. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the penguin and the ice is the same for the incline as for the horizontal
patch. How much time is required for the penguin to slide to a halt (stop) after entering the horizontal patch
of ice?
=10.0o
Solution:
The penguin comes to a halt on the horizontal surface because the kinetic frictional force opposes the motion
and causes it to slow down. The time required for the penguin to slide to a halt (v = 0 m/s) after entering the
v v0 v0
5
For the penguin sliding on the horizontal patch of ice, we find from free-body diagram B and Newton's
second law in the x direction (motion to the right is taken as positive) that
Fx f k2 max
ax
or
f k2
m
k FN2
m
k mg
k g
(1)
m
Equation (1) indicates that, in order to find the acceleration ax, we must find the coefficient of kinetic
friction.
We are told in the problem statement that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the penguin and the
ice is the same for the incline as for the horizontal patch. Therefore, we can use the motion of the penguin on
the incline to determine the coefficient of friction and use it in Equation (1).
For the penguin sliding down the incline, we find from free-body diagram A (see the previous drawing)
and Newton's second law (taking the direction of motion as positive) that
(2)
or
f k1 mg sin
Fx mg sin f k1 max 0
Here, we have used the fact that the penguin slides down the incline with a constant velocity, so that it
has zero acceleration. We know that f k1 k FN1 . Applying Newton's second law in the direction
perpendicular to the incline, we have
ax
Fy FN1 mg cos 0
FN1 mg cos
or
f k1 k mg cos mg sin
sin
tan
cos
Finally, the time required for the penguin to slide to a halt after entering the horizontal patch of ice is
t
t
v0
ax
v0
k g
v0
ax
v0
g tan
v0
k g
v0
g tan
1.73 m/s
1.00 s
(9.80 m/s 2 ) tan10