BIG - IX - Circum Indonesia PDF

Bibliography of IndonesianG eology
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GEOLOGY OF INDONESIA

AND SURROUNDING ARE AS
Edition 4.1, July 2012
J.T. VAN GORSEL
IX. CIRCUM-INDONESIA
ANDAMAN
SEA
S OUTH
CHINA S EA
MA LAY BASIN
SULU S EA
(S P HILIP PINES)
NA TUNA
NW BORNE O
CELEBES SEA
N MOL UCCAS
KALIMANTA N
S UMA TRA
SULA
MISOOL
SULAWESI
SERAM--BUR U
SERAM
NEW GUINE A
(PAPUA, IRIA N)
BUTON
JAVA SEA,
BANDA
JAVA
TIMOR
SUMBA
www.vangorselslist.com
ARAFURA
SEA
PAPUA NEW
GUINEA
This chapter of the bibliography contains 214 pages with about 2260 references on the geology of
areas surrounding Indonesia (not counting North Borneo, Papua New Guinea and SE Asia
Regional).
The reason for including these titles is that the regional geology of Indonesia can not be properly
understood without some knowledge of the geology across its borders.
There are common elements between the geology of:
- Sumatra with the Malay Peninsula and the Andaman Sea
- the West Natuna area with the Malay basin,
- Kalimantan with North Borneo,
- North Borneo with Southern Philippines
- North Sulawesi- North Moluccas with the Philippines and SW Pacific
- Eastern Indonesia islands and West Papua with Papua New Guinea and the NE Australian margin
- the Arafura Sea, S Timor and the Timor Sea with the Australian NW Shelf, etc.
The Circum- Indonesia bibliography chapter is subdivided into nine areas:

IX.1. Andaman Sea Region
IX.2. Malay Peninsula, Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand
IX.3. SE Asia mainland (Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, SW China)
IX.4. South China Sea
IX.5. Philippines (General, Palawan, Luzon)
IX.6. South Philippines (Celebes Sea, Sulu Sea, Sandakan)
IX.7. Australia NW Shelf
IX.8. Australia NE margin ('Tasmanides')
IX.9. SW Pacific
Bibliography of Indonesia Geology v. 4.1
July 2012
IX.1. Andaman Sea Region
Acharyya, S.K. (1991)- Late Mesozoic- Early Tertiary basin evolution along the Indo-Burmese range and
Andaman Island. In: S.K. Tandon et al. (eds.) Sedimentary basins of India, p. 104-130.
Acharyya, S.K. (1997)- Stratigraphy and tectonic history reconstruction of the Indo-Burma-Andaman mobile
belt. Indian J. Geol. 69, p. 211-234.
Acharyya, S.K. (2007)- Collisional emplacement history of the Naga-Andaman ophiolites and the position of
the eastern Indian suture. J. Asian Earth Sci. 29, 2-3, p. 229-242.
(Dismembered Late Mesozoic ophiolites in 2 belts along E margin of Indian Plate. E Belt follows magmatic arc
of C Burma Basin, a zone of high gravity and mafic and continental metamorphic rocks, which are locus of two
closely juxtaposed sutures. W Belt follows E margin of Indo-Burma Range and Andaman outer-island-arc, a
zone of negative gravity anomalies, and ophiolites mainly as rootless bodies over Eo-Oligocene flysch. Two sets
of ophiolites accreted in E Cretaceous and M Eocene in this belt, inferred to be nappes from E Belt, emplaced
during Late Oligocene collision between Burmese and Indo-Burma-Andaman microcontinents. Andaman
Islands Ophiolites belong to W Belt and were interpreted as upthrust oceanic crust, accreted due to prolonged
subduction to W of island arc, but this subduction began only in Late Miocene and could not have produced
ophiolitic rocks accreted in E Eocene)
Acharyya, S.K., K.K. Ray & S. Sengupta (1990)- Tectonics of the ophiolite belt from Naga Hills and Andaman
Islands, India. Proc. Indian Acad.Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci.) 99, p. 187-199.
Allen, R., A. Carter, Y. Najman, P.C. Bandopadhyay, H.J. Chapman et al. (2008)- New constraints on the
sedimentation and uplift history of the Andaman-Nicobar accretionary prism, South Andaman Island In: A.E.
Draut, P.D. Clift & D.W. Scholl (eds.) Formation and applications of the sedimentary record in arc collision
zones. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 436, p. 223-255
(Andaman-Nicobar Ridge accretionary complex part of Sunda subduction zone. Tertiary rocks exposed on
Andaman Islands preserve record of tectonic evolution of surrounding region. Poor biostratigraphic age
control (mainly barren). Oldest unit pre-Late Cretaceous ophiolite, Late Cretaceous- Paleocene pelagic chertsshales, arc-derived Eocene Mitakhari Gp coarse clastics, Late Eocene?-Oligocene continental-derived
Andaman Flysch, major uplift episode around 20 Ma, shallow marine volcanics-rich Miocene-Pliocene
Archipelago group)
Andreason, M.W. B. Mudford & J.E.S. Onge (1997)- Geologic evolution and petroleum systems of the
Thailand Andaman Sea basin. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE
Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 337-350.
(Thailand Andaman Sea sector 12 exploratory wells , including two gas discoveries. Two back-arc basins,
Mergui and N Sumatra basin N extension with >10,500 sediment. Miocene reefs and Oligo- Miocene fluviodeltaics and turbidites major explorationy plays)
ASCOPE (1985)- The stratigraphic correlation study of the Andaman Sea- Strait of Malacca. CCOP Techn.
Paper TP/4, 28p.
Aung Khin, J. (1990)- The geology of the Andaman Sea. Proc. South East Asia Petrol. Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX)
Conf. 9, 8th Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore, p. 81-88.
Bandopadhyay, A. & R.R. Bandyopadhyay (1999)- Subsea channels and Incidence of thermogenic
hydrocarbons in the mid-proximal Bengal Fan, West of the Andaman-Nicobar Islands. Marine Georesources
Geotechn. 17, p. 1-16.
July 2012
Bandopadhyay, P.C. (2005)- Discovery of abundant pyroclasts in Namunagarh grit, South Andaman; evidence
for architectural element volcanism and active subduction during the Paleogene in the Andaman area. J. Asian
Earth Sci. 25, p. 95-107.
(Late Eocene Namunagarh Grit clastics of S Andaman island mainly immature, locally pebbly greywacke
sandstones. Abundant juvenile vesiculated fragments, pumice clasts, etc., suggest pyroclastic origin. Coarsegrained facies emplaced as debris flows, finer-grained facies turbidites, deposited in forearc environment on
accretionary complex. Derived from andesitic arc volcanoes on W margin of BurmaMalaya continent in
Eocene-Oligocene, indicating active subduction)
Bandopadhyay P.C. (2012)- Re-interpretation of the age and environment of deposition of Paleogene turbidites
in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Western Sunda Arc. J. Asian Earth Sci. 45, 2, p. 126-137.
(Andaman Flysch in different areas deposited in different tectonic and sedimentary environments and at
different times: Late Paleocene in N Andaman, Oligocene in S Andaman)
Bandopadhyay, P.C., U. Chakrabarti & A. Roy (2009)- First report of trace fossils from Palaeogene succession
(Namunagarh grit) of Andaman and Nicobar islands. J. Gel. Soc. India 73, 2, p. 261-267.
(Eocene submarine fan deposits of S Andaman islands with Thalassinoides, Teichichnus and Lorenzinia)
Bandopadhyay, P.C. & M. Ghosh (1998)- Facies, petrology and depositional environment of the Tertiary
sedimentary rocks, around Port Blair, South Andaman. J. Geol. Soc. India 52, p. 53-66.
Bandopadhyay S., M.R. Subramanyam & N. Sharam (1973)- The geology and mineral resources of the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Geol. Survey of India, Records 105, 2, p. 25-68.
Banghar, A.R. (1987)- Seismo-tectonics of the Andaman - Nicobar Islands. Tectonophysics 133, p. 95-104.
Bawden, M. (2011)- Andaman Sea Basin, India: hydrocarbon prospectivity from newly reprocessed seismic
data. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 13, 16p. (Presentation package)
Chakraborty, P.P. & P.K. Khan (2009)- Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Andaman-Sumatra subduction
margin: current understanding. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 184-200.
(Review of Andaman-Sumatra margin. Subduction-related deformation along trench active since Cretaceous.
Oblique subduction in N Sumatra-Andaman sector formed sliver plate between subduction zone and rightlateral fault system. Sliver fault, initiated in Eocene. N-S-trending dismembered ophiolite slices of Cretaceous
age at different structural levels with Eocene trench-slope sediments, were uplifted and emplaced by E-dipping
thrusts to shape outer-arc prism. Strike-slip faults controlled subsidence and development of forearc basins
with Oligocene-Pliocene siliciclastic-carbonate sediments. Opening of Andaman Sea back-arc in two phases:
early (~11 Ma) stretching and rifting, followed by spreading since 4-5 Ma. Inner-arc volcanism in Andaman
region extends to E Miocene. Arc volcanism since Miocene evolution from felsic to basaltic composition)
Chakraborty, P.P. & T. Pal (2001)- Anatomy of a submarine fan with detached lobe: Upper Eocene-Oligocene
Andaman Flysch Group, Andaman Islands, India. Gondwana Res. 4, 3, p. 477-486.
Chakraborty, P.P., T. Pal, G,T, Dutta & K.S. Gupta (1999)- Facies pattern and depositional motif in an
immature trench-slope basin, Eocene Mithakhari Group, Middle Andaman, India. J. Geol. Soc. India 53, p. 271284.
Chandrasekharam, D., A.P. Santo, B. Capaccioni, O. Vaselli, M. Ayaz Alam, P. Manetti & F. Tassi (2009)Volcanological and petrological evolution of Barren Island (Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean). J. Asian Earth Sci.
35, p. 469-487.
(Barren Island active volcano)
Cochran, J.R. (2010)- Morphology and tectonics of the Andaman Forearc, northeastern Indian Ocean. Geophys.
J. Int. 182, 2, p. 631-651.
July 2012
(Description of Andaman Sea accretionary prism and outer arc ridge, a series of forearc basins and major NS
faults, developed as result of highly oblique subduction at W Sunda Trench)
Curray, J.R. (1999)- A new look at present tectonics and opening history of the Andaman Sea. AAPG Bull. 83,
13 (Supplement), p. (Abstract only)
(Andaman Sea active backarc basin behind Sunda subduction. Oblique convergence formed sliver plate
between subduction zone and right lateral fault system after Oligocene. Eocene India- Asia hard collision
started rotation and bending of W Sunda Arc. Sliver faulting started in Oligocene on W Andaman fault from off
Sumatra through Andaman Sea into Sagaing fault. Late Oligocene Mergui Basin opening by extension of
continental crust. E Miocene/ 25 Ma, backarc spreading started forming sea floor which became Alcock and
Sewell Rises. From M Miocene/~15 Ma, these features separated from continental slope C Andaman Basin)
Curray, J.R. (2005)- Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, p. 187-232.
Curray, J.R., F.J. Emmel & D.G. Moore (2003)- The Bengal Fan: morphology, geometry, stratigraphy, history
and processes. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, p.1191-1223.
Curray, J., F.J. Emmel, D.G. Moore & R.W. Raitt (1982)- Structure, tectonics and geological history of the
northeastern Indian Ocean. In: A.E. Nairn & F.G. Stehli (eds.) The ocean basins and margins 6, The Indian
Ocean, Plenum Press, New York, p. 399- 450.
(Study of areas around Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Sunda Arc off Sumatra and W Java)
Curray, J.R., D.G. Moore, L.A. Lawver, F.J. Emmel, R.W. Raitt, M. Henry & R. Kieckhefer (1979)- Tectonics
of the Andaman Sea and Burma. In: Geological and geophysical investigations of continental margins, AAPG
Mem. 29, p. 189-198.
Curray, J.R. & T. Munasinghe (1989)- Timing of intraplate deformation, northeastern Indian Ocean. Earth.
Planet. Sci. Lett., 94, p. 71-77.
(Seismic stratigraphy and deep sea drilling demonstrated two unconformities (E Eocene and latest Miocene
age) can be traced over much of NE Indian Ocean. Eocene event major hiatus in sedimentation following
collision of India with Asia. Miocene event was onset of N-Sh compression in Indian plate during rapid uplift in
Tibet and Himalayas)
Dasgupta, S. & M. Mukhopadhyay (1993)- Seismicity and plate deformation below the Andaman arc,
northeastern Indian ocean, Tectonophysics 225, p. 529-542.
Dasgupta, S., M. Mukhopadhyay, A. Bhattacharya & T.K. Jana (2003)- The geometry of the BurmeseAndaman subducting lithosphere. J. Seismol. 7, p. 155-174.
Eguchi, T., S. Uyeda & T. Maki (1979)- Seismotectonics and tectonic history of the Andaman Sea.
Tectonophysics 57, p. 35-51.
Gee, E.R. (1926)- The geology of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Records Geol. Survey India 59, 2, p. 208232.
(Middle Andaman island core of serpentinites-peridotites, covered by Eocene sediments. Both island groups
similar)
Gokarn, S.G., G. Gupta,S. Dutta & N. Hazarika (2006)- Geoelectric structure in the Andaman Islands using
magnetotelluric studies. Earth, Planets and Space 58, 2, p.259-264.
(online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...)
(Magnetotelluric studies over M Andaman islands delineated a NNE-SSW trending suture, along which 4-10km
thick Andaman flysch and underlying igneous crust subduct W-wards along thrust with dip angle of ~60)
Guha, D.K. (1968)- On the Ostracoda from Neogene of Andaman Islands. J. Geol. Soc. India 9, 1, p. 58-66.
July 2012
Guzman-Speziale, M. & J.F. Ni (1993)- The opening of the Andaman Sea- where is the short-term displacement
being taken up. Geoph. Res. Lett. 20, 24, p. 2949-2952.
Guzman-Speziale, M. & J.F. Ni (1996)- Seismicity and active tectonics of the Western Sunda Arc. In: A. Yin &
T.M. Harrison (eds.) Tectonic Evolution of Asia, Cambridge University, p. 63-84.
Haldar, D. (1984)- Some aspects of the Andaman ophiolite complex. Rec. Geol. Surv. India 115, 2, p. 1-11.
Harding, T.P. (1983)- Divergent wrench fault and negative flower structure, Andaman Sea. In: A.W. Bally (ed.)
Seismic expression of structural styles: a picture and work atlas, AAPG Studies Geol. 15, 3, p. 1-8.
Imbus, S.W., F.H. Wind & D. Ephraim (1999)- Origin and occurrence of CO2 in the eastern Andaman Sea,
offshore Myanmar. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Proc. Conf. Gas Habitats of SE Asia and
Australasia, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 99-111.
(Middle Miocene gas accumulations in E Andaman Sea have 10-90% C02. Gas composition and isotopes
indicate crustal(3He/4He), principally inorganic (d13C > -10) origin for Miocene C02. In Plio- Pleistocene
prospects CO2 may be less, due to Late Miocene calcareous shale seal/ source rock)
Jafri, S.H., V. Balaram & P.K. Govil (1993)- Depositional environments of Cretaceous radiolarian cherts from
Andaman-Nicobar Islands, northeastern Indian Ocean. Marine Geol. 112, p. 291-301.
(Cretaceous radiolarian cherts associated with pillow basalts, ultramafic rocks and turbidites in outer arc of
Andaman- Nicobar Islands. Tuffaceous radiolarian claystones derived from mixed continental-basaltic source,
close to continental margins, bedded radiolarian argillaceous cherts derived from distal continental source in
hemipelagic environment. Radiolarian chert sequences scraped off subducting Indian plate and now part of
Andaman-Nicobar ophiolite complex)
Jafri, S.H., S.N. Charan & P.K. Govil (1995)- Plagiogranite from the Andaman ophiolite belt, Bay of Bengal,
India. J. Geol. Soc. London 152, p. 681-687.
(Plagiogranites on E margin of South Andaman intrude gabbros associated with pillow basalt, East Coast
volcanic rocks, radiolarian cherts, conglomerate and grit. Plagiogranite intruded gabbro of Andaman ophiolite
probably in Mid-Eocene (subsequent zircon dating suggest ~mid Cretaceous 93 Ma age; HvG))
Jafri, S.H., M.V. Subba Rao & S.L. Ramesh (2006)- Occurrence of ash beds in radiolarian cherts from South
Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal, India: Evidence for Late Cretaceous explosive volcanism. Current Sci. 91, 12,
p. 1614-1615.
(Ash layers in radiolarian cherts in S Andaman Island suggests Late Cretaceous explosive volcanic activity)
Jintasaeranee, P., W. Weinrebe, I. Klaucke, A. Snidvongs & E.R. Flueh (2012)- Morphology of the Andaman
outer shelf and upper slope of the Thai exclusive economic zone. J. Asian Earth Sci. 46, p.78-85.
(Detailed bathymetry and subbottom profiler recordsof outer shelf and upper slope of Thai exclusive economic
zone)
Karunakaran, C., M.B. Pawde, V.K. Raina, K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1964)- Geology of South Andaman Island,
India. Repts. 22nd Int. Geol. Congress, New Delhi 1964, 11, p. 79-100.
Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1964)- A new probe into the tectonic history of the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands, India. Repts. 22nd Int. Geol. Congress, New Delhi 1964, 4, p. 507-515.
Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1964)- Sedimentary environment of the formation of the Andaman
flysch, Andaman Islands, India. Repts. 22nd Int. Geol. Congress, New Delhi 1964, 15, p. 226-232.
Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray & S.S. Saha (1968)- Tertiary sedimentation in the Andaman-Nicobar geosyncline. J.
Geol. Soc. India 9, p. 32-39.
July 2012
Karunakaran, C., K.K. Ray, C.R. Sen, S.S. Saha & S.K. Sarkar (1975)- Geology of Great Nicobar island. J.
Geol. Soc. India 16, 2, p. 135-142.
Khan, P.K. & P.P. Chakraborty (2005)- Two phase opening of Andaman Sea; a new seismotectonic insight.
Earth Planet Sci Lett 229, 3-4, p. 259-271.
(Reconstruction of Benioff zone for Burma-Java subduction margin between 2-17 N reveals two episodes of
plate geometry change, expressed as abrupt change in subduction angle. Deformation events on subducting
Indian plate 4-5 and 11 Ma old. 11 Ma event recorded from S part of area correlated with early stretching and
rifting phase, 4-5 Ma event interpreted as major forcing behind spreading phase of Andaman Sea. Initial
Andaman Sea opening concealed in E-M Miocene forearc subsidence history. Late Miocene-Pliocene pullapart opening and spreading possibly initiated near W part of Mergui- Sumatra region)
Khin, A.J. (1990)- The geology of the Andaman Sea basin. Proc. SEAPEX 9 Conf., p. 81-88.
Kumar, S. (1981)- Geodynamics of Burma and Andaman-Nicobar Region, on the basis of tectonic stresses and
regional seismicity. Tectonophysics 79, p. 75-95.
Ling, H.Y., R. Chandra & S.G. Karkare (2006)- Tectonic significance of Eocene and Cretaceous radiolaria from
South Andaman Island, Northeast Indian Ocean. In: A. Yao et al. (eds.) Proc. INTERRAD VII Conf., Island arc
5, 2, p. 166-179.
(M Eocene) and Campanian radiolarian faunas from basement rocks of SE South Andaman Island affirm
Paleocene- E Eocene sedimentological hiatus)
Ling, H.Y., V. Sharma, S. Sing, D. Mazumdar & A.K. Mahapatra (1995)- Cretaceous and Middle Eocene
radiolarian from ejected sediments of mud volcanoes of Baratang Island in the Andaman Sea. J. Geol. Soc.
India 38, p. 463-469.
Liu C.S., J.R. Curray & J.M. McDonald (1983)- New constraints on the tectonic evolution of the eastern Indian
Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 65, p. 331-342.
(Magnetic anomalies suggest fossil spreading ridge beneath Nicobar Fan in NW Wharton Basin, which was
part of plate boundary between Indian and Australian plates and ceased spreading shortly after anomaly 20
(45.6 Ma). Indian, Australian, and Antarctic plates were moving relative to one another from about 90 to 45
Ma. At anomaly 19 time (45 Ma) Australia and India became single plate)
Makar, P.S. et al. (1984)- Geochemical studies of fine-grained sediments of offshore Andaman wells for
evaluation of hydrocarbon source potential. Petroleum Asia J. 6, 4, p.175-185.
Misra, T.C. & T.K. Roy (1984)- Exploration in Andaman forearc basin: its evaluation, facies trend and
prospects- a review. Proc. 5th Offshore South East Asia Conf. (OFFSEA 84), Singapore 1984, South East Asia
Petroleum Expl. Soc. (SEAPEX), p. 4-66- 4-83.
(Andaman Sea forearc basin with subduction complex accretionary prisms and ponded Neogene sediments.
Oldest exposed rocks in Andaman Islands Upper Cretaceous oceanic sediments with radiolarian chert, overlain
by Upper Cretaceous- Oligocene greywacke turbidites. Late Oligocene unconformity followed by Neogene
clastics and carbonates. Low heatflow)
Mohan, K., S.G.V. Dangwal, S. Sengupta & A.G. Desai (2006)- Andaman Basin- a future exploration target.
The Leading Edge 25, 8, p. 964-967.
(Summary of Andaman Sea evolution and exploration potential)
Mukhopadhyay, M. (1984)- Seismotectonics of subduction and back-arc thrusting under the Andaman Sea.
July 2012
Mukhopadhyay, M., P.P. Chakraborty & S. Paul (2003)- Facies clustering in turbidite successions: case study
from Andaman flysch group, Andaman Islands, India. Gondwana Res. 6, p. 918-925.
Nakanart, A. & N. Mantajit (1983)- Stratigraphic correlation of the Andaman Sea. Conf. Geol. Min. Res.
Thailand, Bangkok 1983, p. 171-177.
Padmakumari, V.M. & S.M. Ahmad (2004)- Ash layer at ~ 8 Ma in ODP Site 758 from the Bay of Bengal:
evidence from Sr, Nd isotopic compositions and rare earth elements. Current Sci. 86, 9, p. 1323-1325.
(Late Miocene volcanic ash layer in deep marine sediments of N Indian Ocean ODP Site 758 dated at ~8.2 Ma,
compositionally similar to Toba tuffs and probably derived from Indonesian arc)
Pal, T. & A. Bhattacharya (2010)- Greenschist-facies sub-ophiolitic metamorphic rocks of Andaman Islands,
Burma- Java subduction complex. J. Asian Earth Sci., p. 39, 6, p. 804-814.
(Greenschist facies metabasics (actinolite schist) and metasediments (garnetiferous quartzo-feldspathic mica
chlorite schist, etc.) at sole of ophiolite slices and as blocks in melange zone under Andaman ophiolite. Top part
of subducting slab and overlying trench sediments metamorphosed and dislocated by thrusts in accretionary
prism. Metamorphism and uplift of metamorphic rocks with ophiolite slices between Cretaceous and Oligocene,
later than emplacement of ophiolites of Sumatra and Java)
Pal, T., P.P. Chakraborty, T.D. Gupta & C.D. Singh (2003)- Geodynamic evolution of the outer-arc-forearc belt
in the Andaman islands, the central part of the Burma-Java subduction complex. Geol. Mag. 140, 3, p. 289-307.
(Andaman Islands, part of BurmaJava subduction complex, expose outer-arc accretionary prism and forearc
Oligocene-Pliocene turbidites. N-S-trending dismembered ophiolite slices of Cretaceous age at different levels
with Eocene trench-slope sediments, uplifted and emplaced by E-dipping thrusts. Metapelites and metabasics of
greenschist to amphibolite grade in melange zone of ophiolites. Eocene Mithakhari Group represents pelagic
trench sediments and clastics derived from ophiolites. Eocene sediment deposited in isolated basins of
immature trench-slope setting. Deposition of Oligocene Andaman Flysch Group in forearc setting. MioPliocene Archipelago Group siliciclastic turbidites and subaqueous pyroclastic flow deposits in lower part and
carbonate turbidites in upper part, suggesting deposition in shallower forearc compared to Oligocene)
Pal, T., T.D. Gupta, P.P. Chakraborty, & S.C.D. Gupta (2005)- Pyroclastic deposits of Mio-Pliocene age in the
Arakan Yoma- Andaman- Java subduction complex, Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, India. Geochem. J. 39,
p. 69-82. (online at: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/GJ/pdf/3901/39010069.pdf)
(400m thick Archipelago Group Mio-Pliocene sequence of bedded tuff alternating with non-volcanogenic
turbidites on Andaman Islands, overlying Andaman Flysch. Interpreted as tuffs from subaerial eruptions that
landed in water and behaved as cold subaqueous flow. No lithic volcanic fragments. Origin of Andaman tuffs in
convergent margin)
Pal, T., S.K. Mitra, S. Sengupta, A. Katari , P.C. Bandopadhyay et al. (2007)-Dacite-andesites of Narcondam
Volcano in the Andaman Sea; an imprint of magma mixing in the inner arc of the Andaman-Java subduction
system. J. Volcan. Geoth. Res. 168, p. 93-113.
(Narcondam volcano along with active Barren volcano lies in chain of inner arc volcanoes extending from
Burma to Indonesia. Dacite, amphibole-andesite, and andesite are products of magma mixing)
Pandey, J., R.P. Agarwal, A. Dave, A. Maithani, K.B. Trivedi, A.K. Srivastava & D.N. Singh (1992)- Geology
of Andaman. Bull. Oil. Nat. Gas Comm. 29, 2, p. 19-103.
(ONGC review of geology and stratigraphy of Andaman Islands)
Pedersen, R.B., M.P. Searle, A. Carter & P.C. Bandopadhyay (2010)- U-Pb zircon age of the Andaman
ophiolite: implications for the beginning of subduction beneath the Andaman-Sumatra arc. J. Geol.
Soc.,London, 167, p. 1105-1112.
(Andaman ophiolite complex forms basement of Andaman Islands. U-Pb zircon dating of trondhjemitic in S
Andaman Island gave age of 95 Ma. Andaman volcanic arc was built on Cenomanian ophiolite-oceanic crust
and subduction was initiated at this time along Tethys, from Cyprus through Oman to Andaman Islands)
July 2012
Peter, G., L.A. Weeks & R.E. Burns (1966)- A reconnaissance geophysical survey in the Andaman sea and
across the Andaman Nicobar island arc. J. Geophys. Res. 71, 2, p. 495-509.
Polachan, S. (1988)- The geological evolution of the Mergui Basin, S.E. Andaman Sea, Thailand. Ph.D.Thesis
Univ. London, 218 p.
Polachan, S. & A. Racey (1993)- Lower Miocene larger foraminifera and petroleum potential of the Tai
Formation, Mergui Group, Andaman Sea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, 1-4, p. 487-496.
(Tai Fm rests unconformably on pre-Late Eocene quartz-chlorite schist basement in Central High region of
Mergui Basin. Three units at type locality: basal anhydrite, dolomite, shale and sandstone; middle coral/algal
reefal limestones, and upper unit of calcarenites interbedded with silty shales and sandstones. Middle and
upper units with Lepidocyclina (N.) japonica, Spiroclypeus yabeii, Miogypsina, Miogypsinoides, etc. Range
Upper Oligocene- M Miocene (looks more like Early Miocene, Upper Te; HvG)
Polachan, S. & A. Racey (1994)- Stratigraphy of the Mergui Basin, Andaman Sea: implications for petroleum
exploration. J. Petrol. Geol. 17, 4, p. 373-406.
Raju, K.A.K., T. Ramprasad, P.S. Rao, B.R. Rao & J. Varghese (2004)- New insights into the tectonic evolution
of the Andaman basin, northeast Indian Ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 221, p. 145-162.
(Seafloor spreading in Andaman backarc basin started at ~4 Ma, rather than 11 Ma postulated previously.
Extrusive tectonics prompted extension and rifting along plane joining Sagaing and Semengko fault systems.
Seafloor spreading in past 4 Myr resulted in formation of deep Andaman backarc basin. This phase has also
experienced westward propagation of spreading center)
Raju, K.A.K., D. Ray, A. Mudholkar, G.P.S. Murty, V.K. Gahalaut, K. Samudrala et al. (2012)- Tectonic and
volcanic implications of a cratered seamount off Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea. J. Asian Earth Sci. , p. (in
press) (First documentation of submarine arc-volcanism in Andaman Sea, E of Nicobar Island)
Ray, K.K. (1982)- A review of the geology of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Geol. Survey India, Misc. Publ.
42, 2, p.110-125.
Ray, K.K. (1985)- East coast volcanics- a new suite in the ophiolite of Andaman Islands. Rec. Geol. Surv. India
116, 2, p. 83-87.
Rodolfo, K.S. (1969)- Sediments of the Andaman basin, Northeastern Indian Ocean. Marine Geol. 7, p. 371402.
Rodolfo, K.S. (1969)- Bathymetry and marine geology of the Andaman Basin and tectonic implications for
Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 80, p. 1203-1230.
(Andaman Sea Basin large rhombochasm formed by Late Miocene- Recent rifting. E margin is Malay
continental margin, composed of Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks with thin Cenozoic sediment veneer. W boundary is
Andaman-Nicobar Ridge, with U Cretaceous serpentinite-ophiolite-radiolarite core overlain by >3000 m
Paleocene-Miocene graywackes and shales. In-between are C Andaman Trough, two 220 km long elongate
basaltic seamounts and system of rift valleys and smaller volcanic seamounts. Maximum depths of Andaman
Basin 4400 m. Sediments in Central Trough 1.5 km thick)
Roy, D.K., K.K. Ray, T.C. Lahari, S.K. Acharyya & M.K. Sen (1988)- Nature of occurrence, age and
depositional environments of the oceanic pelagic sediments associated with the ophiolite assemblage from
South Andaman Islands, India. Indian Minerals 42, p. 31-56.
Roy, S.K. (1992)- Accretionary prism in Andaman forearc. Geol. Survey India, Spec. Publ. 29, p. 273-278.
July 2012
Roy, S.K. & S.D. Sharma (1993)- Evolution of Andaman forearc basin and its hydrocarbon potential. Proc 2nd
Seminar on Petroliferous Basins of India, 1, p. 407-435.
Roy, T.K. (1983)- Geology and hydrocarbon prospects of Andaman-Nicobar Basin. In: L.L. Bhandari et al.
(eds.) Petroliferous basins of India, Petroleum Asia J. 6, 4,, p. 37-65.
Sarma, D.S., S.H. Jafri, I.R. Fletcher & N.J. McNaughton (2010)- Constraints on the tectonic setting of the
Andaman ophiolites, Bay of Bengal, India, from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of plagiogranite. J. Geol.
118, p. 691-697.
(U-Pb dating of zircons from plagiogranite intruded in gabbro of Andaman ophiolites and East Coast Volcanics
yielded mean age of ~93 Ma, interpreted as age of crystallization. Ophiolitic rocks must be older and were most
likely obducted onto leading edge of Eurasian continent in Early Cretaceous)
Sastri, V.V. & T.S. Bedi (1962)- On the occurrence of Miogypsina, Cycloclypeus, Orbulina in the Miocene of
the Andaman islands. Current Sci. India 31, p. 20-21.
(Brief communication reporting first finding of M Miocene foram association of Miogypsina and Orbulina in
calcerous sandstones of Strait and Nicholson Islands, Middle and South Andamant Islands)
Scaife, S. & A. Billings (2010)- Offshore exploration of the Andaman Sea, GEO ExPro 7, 5, p.
(Brief regional overview based on reprocessing of 1982-2001 seismic in Andaman Sea, E of Andaman islands.
13 wells in basin, only one (AN 1-1) flowed gas from Miocene limestone)
Scaife, S. & A. Billings & R. Spoors (2010)- A re-evaluation of vintage Andaman offshore seismic datasets,
Proc. GEO-India, New Delhi 2011, AAPG Search and Discovery #10322, 5p. (Extended Abstract)
(online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/10322scaife/ndx_scaife.pdf)
Sharma, V., S. Singh & N. Rawal (1999)- Early Middle Miocene Radiolaria from Nicobar Islands, Northeast
Indian Ocean. Micropaleontology 45, 3, p. 251-277.
(Neogene of Andaman and Nicobar Islands deep water marine facies rich in Radiolaria. Nicobar islands
Nancowry and Kamorta moderately rich radiolarian assemblages studied here, with 120 species belonging to
the Dorcadospyris alata Zone (about 15-13 Ma)
Singh, O.P., S.M. Subramanya & V. Sharma (2000)- Early Neogene multiple microfossil biostratigraphy, John
Lawrence island, Andaman Sea. Micropaleontology 46, p. 343-352.
Srinivasan, M.S. (1980)- Early Neogene volcanism in Southeast Asia: evidence of ash beds from AndamanNicobar. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 21, p. 227-234.
Srinivasan, M.S. (1984)- The Neogene of Andaman Nicobar. In: N. Ikebe & R. Tsuchi (eds.) Pacific Neogene
datum planes, Univ. of Tokyo Press, p. 203-207.
Srinivasan, M.S. (1986)- Neogene reference sections of Andaman-Nicobar: their bearing on volcanism, seafloor tectonism and global sea-level changes. In: N.C. Ghose & S. Varadarajan (eds.) Ophiolites and Indian
Plate margin, p. 295-308.
Srinivasan, M.S. (1988)- Late Cenozoic sequences of Andaman-Nicobar islands; their regional significance and
correlation. Indian J. Geol. 60, 1, p. 11-34.
Srinivasan, M.S. & R.J. Azmi (1979)- Correlation of late Cenozoic marine sections in Andaman-Nicobar,
northern Indian Ocean and the equatorial Pacific. J. Paleontology 53, p. 1401-1415.
Srinivasan, M.S. & A. Dave (1984)- Neogene sequences of Long Island: their bearing on the Late Miocene
paleoceanography of the Andaman Sea. In: R.M. Badva et al. (eds.), Proc. 10th Indian Coll. Micropaleontology
and Stratigraphy, Pune 1982, p. 433-444.
July 2012
Srinivasan, M.S. & V. Sharma (1973)- Stratigraphy and microfauna of Car-Nicobar, Bay of Bengal. J. Geol.
Soc. India 14, 1, p. 1-11.
Srinivasan, M.S. & S.S. Srivastava (1975)- Late Neogene biostratigraphy and planktonic foraminifera of
Andaman Nicobar islands, Bay of Bengal. In: Late Neogene epoch boundaries, Micropaleontology, Spec. Publ.
1, p. 124-161.
Subrahmanyama, C., R. Gireesh, S. Chand, K.A. Kamesh Raju & D. Gopala Rao (2008)- Geophysical
characteristics of the Ninetyeast Ridge-Andaman island arc/trench convergent zone. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 266,
p. 29-45.
(Ninetyeast Ridge strongly positive gravity anomalies and causing prominent break in continuity of gravity low
of Andaman island arc trench. NER is at starting phase of collision with island arc and may not have started
affecting subduction process itself)
Tipper, G.H. (1911)- Geology of the Andaman Islands. Mem. Geol. Surv. India 35, p. 195-222.
Venkatesan, M.I., E. Ruth, P.S. Rao, B.N. Nath & B.R. Rao (2003)- Hydrothermal petroleum in the sediments
of the Andaman Backarc Basin, Indian Ocean. Applied Geochem. 18, 6, p. 845-861.
(Recent sediment cores of Andaman Basin between Andaman Nicobar islands and Malay Peninsula analyzed
for biomarkes. Hydrocarbons of hydrothermal origin present, derived from predominantly marine organic
matter with some terrestrial input. Thermal maturity of bitumen comparable to or lower than that of other
hydrothermal regions such N Juan de Fuca Ridge, Guaymas Basin and Escanaba Trough)
Verma, R.K., M. Mukhopadhyay & N.C. Bhuin (1979)- Seismicity, gravity and tectonics in the Andaman Sea.
In: S. Uyeda, R.W. Murphy & K. Kobayashi (eds.) Geodynamics of the Western Pacific, Proc. Int. Conf.
Geodynamics of the Western Pacific- Indonesian Region, J. Physics Earth 26, Suppl., p. 233-248.
(Early paper documenting active subduction zone of the Indian Ocean Plate under Andaman Sea Basin)
Weeks, L. A., R.N. Harbison & G. Peter (1967)- The island arc system in Andaman Sea. AAPG Bull. 51, 9, p.
1803-1815.
(Early sparker survey in Andaman Sea delineated continuation to N of Sumatra volcanic arc system over 1100
km (foredeep, outer sedimentary island arc, inner volcanic arc with rift valley and backdeep))
10
July 2012
IX.2. Malay Peninsula, Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand

Abdul Jalil M. & Mohd. Jamal Hoesni (1992)- Possible source for the Tembungo oils: evidences from
biomarker fingerprints. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 213-232.
Abdul Jalil M. & A.S.A. Jamil (2010)- Organic facies variation in lacustrine source rocks in the southern Malay
Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 27-33.
(On source rock quality of Oligocene lacustrine shales in Groups K, L, M in S Malay Basin Anding Barat Laut
1 well. Kerogens mixture of algal, bacterial and higher plant organic matter. Group L lacustrine shales best
oil-prone source rock with TOC 0.45-1.95%, HI values 300-400, predominantly Type II kerogen. Groups L- M
more algal input, shown by lower Pr/Ph ratio (3.1- 4.0), lower Tm/Ts ratio, high C30-diahopane, etc.. E
Miocene Group K more fluvial, more terrigenous organics, higher Pr/Ph ratio (5.1- 6.2), higher oleanane,
predominance of C29-steranes. Change in organic facies reflect transition from synrift to post-rift phase)
Abdullah, I. (2004)- On the presence of pre-Carboniferous metasediments in the Eastern Belt: a structural view.
Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p. 79-84.
(Oldest rocks of Peninsular Malaysia E Belt Carboniferous in low-grade metaclastics, unconformably overlain
by Late Permian continental deposits with plants, intruded by Permo-Carboniferous mafic- intermediate
igneous rocks, followed by Late Permian-E Triassic biotite granite, Late Triassic granite and JurassicCretaceous dolerite dykes. Most metasediments two episodes of folding. In certain areas three generations of
folding, the older phase probably developed in mid- Devonian)
Abdullah, N.T. (2009)- Mesozoic stratigraphy. In: C. S. Hutchison, & D. N. K. Tan (eds.) Geology of
Peninsular Malaysia. University of Malaya and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 87-131.
Achalabhuti, C. (1976)- Petroleum Geology of Thailand (Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea)-summary:
hydrocarbons. In: Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources, AAPG Spec. Vol. M25, p. 251-255.
Achalabhuti, C. (1981)- Natural gas deposits of Gulf of Thailand. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.) Energy Resources of
the Pacific Region, AAPG Spec. Vol. SG 12, p. 155-166.
(Two commercial gas-condensate fields with reserves up to 5 TCF found in Union Oil Block 12 and Texas
Pacific's concession block 15 and block 16. Union field in S Pattani trough, Texas Pacific field in N part Malay
basin. Several gas-condensate reservoirs identified in E-M Miocene deltaic sandstones)
Achalabhuti, C. (1981)- Offshore hydrocarbon production and potential of Thailand. Proc. EAPI/CCOP
Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1247-1254.
(Four commercial gas/condensate fields in the Gulf of Thailand with total gas reserves > 7 TCF. Small
amounts of crude oil also encountered. Continental woody material primary source, minor components from
marine algae. In Andaman Sea Tertiary source beds are mainly immature)
Agematsu, S., K. Sashida & A.B. Ibrahim (2008)- Biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Middle and Late
Ordovician conodonts from the Langkawi Islands, northern peninsular Malaysia. J. Paleont. 82, p. 957-973.
Alterman W., N.A. Harbury, M.E. Jones, M.G. Audley-Charles, K.R. Mohamed & I. Metcalfe (1991)Discussion on structural evolution of Mesozoic Peninsular Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc., London 148, p. 417-419.
(Discusssion of Harbury, Jones et al. (1990) paper and replies. Mainly on age of Raub Bentong suture)
Anaschinda, P. (1978)- Tin mineralization in the Burmese-Malayan Peninsula- a plate tectonic model. In: P.
Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. GEOSEA III, Bangkok 1978, p. 293-299.
Anderson, A., N.A. Holmes & C. Morphy (1994)- A summary of the biostratigraphy and biofacies for the
Tertiary sequence, Gulf of Thailand. In: P. Angsuwathana et al. (eds.), Proc. Int. Symp. Stratigraphic correlation
of Southeast Asia, Bangkok, p. 392-395.
11
July 2012
Armitage, J.H. & C. Viotti (1977)- Stratigraphic nomenclature- Southern end Malay Basin. Proc. 6th Ann. Conv.
Indon. Petrol. Assoc.1, p. 69-94.
Armitage, J.H. (1980)- A decade of exploration and development by EPMI off the east coast of Peninsular
Malaysia. OFFSEA 80 preprint, 51p.
Asama, K. (1973)- Lower Carboniferous Kuantan Flora, Pahang, West Malaysia. In: Geology and Paleontology
of Southeast Asia 11, p. 109-118.
(Carboniferous flora from near Kuantan, East coast Malay Peninsula)
Aw, P.C. (1990)- Geology and mineral resources of the Sungai Aring Area, Kelantan Darul Naim. Geol. Survey
Malaysia District Mem. 21, 116 p.
Aziz Ali, C., M.S. Leman & K.R. Mohamed (2004)- Fasies karbonat dan diagenesis di dalam batu kapur Bukit
Biwah dan Bukit Taat, Kenyir, Ulu Terengganu. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 49, p.
(Middle Permian shallow marine limestones in Terengganu province, NE Malay Peninsula)
Basu ,T., M. Claverie, D. Nolan, K.B. Yahya & M. Suleiman (2004)- Facies analysis; integration of core and
log data using a neural network as input for reservoir modeling in Betty Field, Malaysia. The Leading Edge 23,
8, p. 794-797.
Beng, Y.E. (2001)- The prospects for hardrock gold and tin deposits in Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh et al. (ed.) Geol.
Soc. Malaysia, Annual Geol Conf. 14, Kuala Lumpur 2000, p. 325-332.
(Tin and gold mineralization in Peninsular Malaysia in parallel belts, related to tectonic setting. Tin in W and
E belts of Peninsular Malaysia mined using hardrock and alluvial mining technologies. Gold mineralization in
Peninsular Malaysia dominated by Mesozoic mesothermal veins hosted in folded and metamorphosed
Paleozoic- Triassic. Primary gold mineralization in 4 distinct N-S belts. Gold mineralization in Bau, Sarawak,
epithermal Au-Ag-As-Sb-Pb-S vein type, associated with Miocene dacitic intrusives. Sabah, gold commercially
produced from mall Mamut Cu-Au porphyry deposit, genetically related to Kinabalu granodiorite-diorite)
Bishop, M.G. (2002)- Petroleum systems of the Malay Basin Province, Malaysia. US Geol. Survey, Open File
Report 99-50T, 24 p. (online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF99-50T/OF99-50T.pdf)
(Discovered hydrocarbon reserves in Tertiary Malay Basin 12 billion BOE. USGS assessment of potential
added conventional oil, gas and condensate by 2025 is 6.3 BBOE)
Brami, J.B. & M.Y. Muhaiyuddin (1984)- History and geology of the Tinggi Field, offshore Peninsular
Malaysia. SEAPEX 5th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1984, p. 4-1- 4-13.
(Tinggi 1980 oil discovery in J and K sands in small E-W trending anticline in Malay basin)
Brown, A.R., C.G. Dahm, R.J. Graebner (1981)- A stratigraphic case history using three-dimensional seismic
data in the Gulf of Thailand. Geophys. Prospecting 29, 3, p. 327-349.
(Early paper on use of 3D seismic. Improved fault resolution and structural definition of gas field in Gulf of
Thailand and seismic amplitudes used to map distribution of bars and channels Sands >10 m thick mappable)
Burton, C.K. (1965)- Wrench Faulting in Malaya. J. Geology 73, 5, p. 781-798.
Burton, C.K. (1967)- Dacryoconarid tentaculites in the Mid-Paleozoic euxinic facies of the Malaysian
geosyncline. J. Paleontology 42, 2, p. 449-454.
(45 localities with fossil tentaculites in NW Malaya. E-M Devonian aspect, but associated with Ordovician
trilobites and Lower Silurian graptolites. Malayan tentaculites-bearing black shales in 'miogeosynclinal euxinic
facies'. Called Nowakia acuaria and placed in E Devonian (Emsian) by Agematsu et al. 2006; HvG)
Burton, C.K. (1967)- Graptolite and tentaculite correlation and palaeogeography of the Silurian and Devonian
in the Yunnan- Malayan geosyncline. Trans. Proc. Paleont. Soc. Japan 65, p. 27-6.
12
July 2012
Burton, C.K. (1967)- The Mahang Formation: a mid-Palaeozoic euxinic facies from Malaya- with notes on its
conditions of deposition and palaeogeography. Geol. Mijnbouw 46, p. 167-187.
Burton, C.K. (1970)- The palaeotectonic status of the Malay Peninsula. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol.
7, p. 51-60.
(Malay Peninsula believed to formerly border the Indian shield, from which it became detached as
Gondwanaland disintegrated, with Bay of Bengal a sphenochasm formed by same phase of continental drift)
Burton, C.K. (1972)- Outline of the geological evolution of Malaya. J. Geology 80, p. 293-309.
(Malaya Peninsula cratonized by Late Triassic orogeny and plutonism and Malaya became part of Sunda
Shield. Record starts with Cambrian- Silurian orthoquartzite-carbonate facies. Geosynclinal conditions started
in Ordovician, with eugeosynclinal zone in E, miogeosynclinal in W. Ordovician- Lower Devonian euxinic
facies passes up into M Devonian- E Carboniferous flysch. M- Late Carboniferous orogeny with granite
emplacement. Permian widespread shallow-water limestone. Geosynclinal conditions restored in E Triassic,
with tectonic and plutonic activity. Near end-Triassic intensive orogenic-plutonic revolution, finally stabilizing
peninsula. Emplacement of late granitic stocks, with tin mineralization. Uplift and warping near end- Mesozoic)
Burton, C.K. (1986)- The Baling group/Bannang Sata group of the Malay/Thai Peninsula. J. Southeast Asian
Earth Sci. 1, 2, p. 93-106.
(Review of stratigraphy of Cambrian- Devonian shelfal marine deposits of NW Malay Peninsula- SW Thailand
border area)
Burton, C.K. (1988)- Geology and mineral resources of the Bedung area, Kedah, West Malaysia. Geol. Survey
of Malaysia, Map Bull. 7, p. 1-103.
(Bedung geological map in NW part of Malay Peninsula at scale 1:63,360. Folded Ordovician- Devonian
Mahang Fm black shales with graptolites, tentaculites, etc., in NW and Triassic Semanggul Fm flysch-type
clastics locally with Daonella or Halobia in E)
Bustin, R.M. & A. Chonchawalit (1995)- Formation and tectonic evolution of the Pattani Basin, Gulf of
Thailand. Int. Geol. Review 37, p. 866-892.
(Pattani Basin the most prolific petroleum basin in Thailand. E-W extension since E Tertiary resulted in series
of N-S-trending sedimentary basins. Sediment succession divisible into Late Eocene- E Miocene non-marine
synrift and E-M Miocene and younger shallow amrine- non marine post-rift sequences. Crustal stretching
factor () varies from 1.3 at basin margin to 2.8 in center. High heat flow (1.9-2.5 HFU) and geothermal
gradient (45-60 C/km))
Campi, M.J., G.R. Shi & M.S. Leman (2002)- The Leptodus Shales of central Peninsular Malaysia: distribution,
age and palaeobiogeographical affinities. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 703-717.
(Leptodus Shales is M Permian argillaceous facies rich in brachiopods in C Belt of Peninsular Malaysia.
Sediments often highly tuffaceous and in N Pahang are associated with pyroclastic volcanics of probable
island-arc origin. Probably represent deposits on W continental shelf of Eastern Belt/ Indochina Block.
Faunas of Palaeo-Equatorial affinity and closest to faunas in Indochina (S China, Cambodia, Japan))
Carson, T.G. & G.G. Phipps (1982)- The exploration applications of seismic DHI analysis in the Malay Basin.
OFFSEA 82, 18p
Chadwick, R.A., D.W. Holliday & W.J. Rowley (1991)- Thermal history of petroliferous basins of the CCOP
region: 1. The northern part of the Gulf of Thailand. British Geol. Survey, Techn. Rept. WC/91/01C, p. 1-86.
(online at: http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/dfid-kar/WC91001C_col.pdf)
Chadwick, R.A., D.W. Holliday & W.J. Rowley (1991)- Thermal history of petroliferous basins of the CCOP
region: 1. TheMalay Basin. British Geol. Survey, Techn. Rept. WC/91/02C, p. 1-.
13
July 2012
Chew, H.H. & A.H. Hussein (1986)- Bekok reservoir model study. SEAPEX Proc. 7, p. 87-95.
Chonchawalit, A. (1993)- Basin analysis of Tertiary strata in the Pattani Basin Gulf of Thailand. Ph.D. Thesis
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 1-366.
(online at: https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/2079)
(Stratigraphic-structural evolution of N-S trending Pattani basin in Gulf of Thailand. Up to 10 km of Tertiary
sediment fill. Synrift phase 3 units: Late Eocene- E Oligocene alluvial-fluvial deposits, Late Oligocene- E
Miocene fluvial and E Miocene mixed marine- non-marine deposits. Post rift succession: E-M Miocene
regressive shallow marine- fluvial series, late E Miocene transgressive package and Late Miocene-Pleistocene
transgressive package. Organic matter mainly of detrital and continental origin. Modeling suggests main phase
of hydrocarbon generaton started around 34 Ma)
Chu, Y.S. (1992)- Petrographic and diagenetic studies of the reservoir sandstone of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc.
Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 261-283.
(Reservoir properties of Late Oligocene-Miocene sandstones of Malay Basin depend on depositional facies,
mineralogy and burial diagenesis. Oldest sandstones (Group K) mainly m-grained braided stream deposits, J
sandstones f-m brackish- shallow marine; E to I zones sandstones generally fine, matrix-rich estuarine deposits.
Clean sands prone to quartz cementation. Secondary porosity generated by dissolution of feldspars, etc.)
Chua B.Y. & R. Wong (1997)- Some possible new exploration ideas in the northern and western Malay Basin
of Peninsular Malaysia. ASCOPE Proc. 2, p. 177-191.
Chua B.Y. (1998)- A decade (1987-1997) of exploration in Malaysia under the 1985 PSC. In: Proc. Offshore
SE Asia Conference (OFFSEA 98), p. 109-122.
Cocks, L.R.M., R.A. Fortey & C.P. Lee (2005)- A review of Lower and Middle Palaeozoic biostratigraphy in
west peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand in its context within the Sibumasu Terrane. J. Asian Earth Sci.
24, 6, p. 703-717
(Review of Cambrian- Devonian stratigraphy of S Thailand and NW Peninsular Malaysia (Sibumasu plate))
Creaney, S., A.H. Hussein, D. Curry, K.M. Bohacs & R. Hassan (1994)- Source facies and oil families of the
Malay Basin, Malaysia. AAPG Bull. 78, p.1139. (Abstract only)
(Malay Basin several petroleum systems with Oligocene- M Miocene non-marine source rocks. Lower
Oligocene- Lw Miocene lacustrine-dominated, Lw-M Miocene coastal/delta plain coal-related sources. Two
lacustrine sources, with low pristane/phytane ratios, low oleanane, general absence of resin-derived terpanes.
Multiple sources in coaly section (pristane/phytane ratios up to 8, very high oleanane, often abundant resinous
compounds). All source rocks generally overmature in basin center and immature toward basin margin. Oils
low in sulfur. Migration largely strata parallel with little cross-stratal mixing of families)
Derksen, S.J. & J. McLean-Hodgson (1988)- Hydrocarbon potential and structural style of continental rifts:
examples from East Africa and Southeast Asia. Proc. SEAPEX Conf. 8, p. 47-62.
(Includes examples from Malay basin)
Fontaine, H. & I. Bin Amnan (1995)- Biostratigraphy of the Kinta Valley, Perak. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 38,
p. 159-172.
Fontaine, H. & I. Bin Amnan (1999)- Carboniferous of Malaysia; biostratigraphy and paleogeography. In: B.
Ratanasthien & S.L. Rieb (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Shallow Tethys 5, p. 26-44.
Fontaine, H., I.B. Amnan, H.P. Khoo & D. Vachard (1990)- More Triassic foraminifera from Peninsular
Malaysia. United Nations CCOP Techn. Bull. 21, p. 73-83.
(Anisian smaller benthic foraminifera from Bukit Tunjang limestone quarry, Kedah)
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July 2012
Fontaine, H., I. Bin Amnan & D. Vachard (1999)- Important discovery of Late Permian limestone in Southern
Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. 9th Congr. Geol. Min. Energy Res. SE Asia,
GEOSEA 98, Kuala Lumpur, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 43, p.453-460.
(Shallow marine limestone outcrop 500 m from granite with well-preserved Tubiphytes, calcispherids, smaller
foraminifers, abundant fusulinaceans (including Levenella, Pamirina, Brevaxina, Chalaroschwagerina, etc.),
etc., indicate three Late Cisuralian biozones. Rocks of area previously considered Early Carboniferous age )
Fontaine, H., I. Bin Amnan & D. Vachard (2003)- Carboniferous corals from the Kuantan area, Peninsular
Malaysia, and associated microfauna: peculiar faunas for Southest Asia and puzzling faunas for stratigraphy.
Minerals and Geoscience Dept. Malaysia, Techn. Papers 2, p. 69-99.
Fontaine, H., C. Chonglakmani, I. Amnan & S. Piyasin (1994)- A well-defined Permian biogeographic unit:
peninsular Thailand and northwest Peninsula Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, p. 129-151.
Fontaine, H., C. Chonglakmani, S. Piyasin, B. Amnan Ibrahim & H.P. Khoo (1993)- Triassic limestones within
and around the Gulf of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 83-95.
(Presence of Early- Late Triassic limestones at Peninsular Thailand and NW Peninsular Malaysia, formerly all
included in Permian. Post Triassic fracturing and karstification )
Fontaine, H., M. Lys & Nguyen Duc Tien (1988)- Some Permian corals from East Peninsular Malaysia:
associated microfossils, palaeogeographic significance. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, p. 65-78.
(Description of Permian (Kubergandian and U. Murghabian- Lw Midian) corals from E Malay Peninsula.
Assemblages of E Peninsula very different, richer and more diverse than NW of Malay Peninsula)
Fontaine, H., D. Rodziah & U. Singh (1990)- A Triassic 'reefal' limestone in the basement of the Malay Basin,
South China Sea: regional implications. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 1-25.
(Sotong 1 well in S part Malay Basin TD in Tethyan Late Triassic limestone)
Fontaine, H., D. Rodziah & U. Singh (1990)- Discovery of an Upper Triassic limestone basement in the Malay
Basin, offshore Peninsular Malaysia: regional implications. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 3, p. 219-232.
(same paper as above)
Foo Khong Yee (1983)- The Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of Peninsular Malaysia- stratigraphy and correlation.
In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad
Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 1-19.
(Paleozoic rocks account for 25% of outcrop of Malay Peninsula. W and NW zones with Lower Paleozoic
sediments and conformable Late Cambrian-Permian section. In central and eastern zones of peninsula outcrops
of Carboniferous-Permian only)
Fujiwara, M. (2009)- Significant erosion during development of the Middle Miocene unconformity and its
effect on hydrocarbon generation in the Gulf of Thailand. AAPG Int. Conf. Exh., Rio de Janeiro 2009, Search
and Discovery Article 20084, p. 1-9.
(online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2010/20084fujiwara/ndx_fujiwara.pdf)
(>20 oil-gas fields in Pattani Trough rift basin, with up to 7500 m of Tertiary sediment. Source rocks Oligocene
lacustrine shales and M Miocene coaly shales. M Miocene Unconformity with ~4500' of erosion at Erawan gas
field, based on shale compaction trend and 'paleo-anticline' below MMU, possibly related to 'Himalayan'
compressional event in Gulf of Thailand)
Fyhn, M.B.W., L.O. Boldreel & L.H. Nielsen (2010)- Escape tectonism in the Gulf of Thailand: Paleogene leftlateral pull-apart rifting in the Vietnamese part of the Malay Basin. Tectonophysics 483, p. 365-376.
(Vietnamese part of Malay basin large, deep pull-apart basin formed through M-Late Eocene - Oligocene leftlateral strike-slip along NNW-trending fault zones, likely associated with SE Asian extrusion tectonism. Deep
rift widens to S and connects with main Malay Basin. Neogene thermal sag led to thick sediment succession.
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July 2012
Moderate rifting resumed in E Miocene. Late Neogene basin inversion attributed to 70 km of right-lateral
movement across major N-S-trending faults in central part of basin, but not in Vietnamese territory)
Fyhn, M.B.W., S.A.S. Pedersen, L.O. Boldreel, L.H. Nielsen, P.F. Green, P.T. Dien, L.T. Huyen & D. Frei
(2010)- Palaeocene- early Eocene inversion of the Phuquoc-Kampot Som Basin: SE Asian deformation
associated with the suturing of Luconia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 167, 2, p. 281-295.
(Phuquoc-Kampot Som Basin, Gulf of Thailand (Cambodia- Vietnam) is Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous
foreland basin. Paleocene- E Eocene basin inversion-erosion event associated with Luconia suturing to SE Asia
and shutdown of Paleo-Pacific subduction under SE Asia segregated larger Mesozoic basin. Inversion focused
along Kampot and Khmer-Chanthaburi fold belts and indicate link between initial SE Asian left-lateral strikeslip faulting and Luconia suturing)
Fyhn, M.B.W., H.I. Petersen, A. Mathiesen, L.H. Nielsen S.A.S. Pedersen, S. Lindstrom et al. (2010)Vietnamese sedimentary basins: geological evolution and petroleum potential. Geol. Survey Denmark and
Greenland Bull. 20, p. 91-94. (online at: http://www.geus.dk/publications/bull/nr20/nr20_p091-094.pdf)
(Basins in Vietnamese part of Gulf of Thailand: (1) Phu Quoc Basin undrilled, 500 km long, N-S trending Late
Jurassic- Cretaceous basin, immediately W of a Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatic arc, inverted in Late PaleoceneE Eocene; (2) Tho Chu basin = NE part of Malay Basin)
Gazdzicki, A. & O.E. Smith (1977)- Triassic foraminifera from the Malay Peninsula. Acta Geol. Polonica 27, 3,
p. 319-332.
Gobbett, D.J. (1968)- The Permian system in Malaya. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 1, p. 17-22.
(Shallow marine limestones, shales and volcanics represent complete Permian sequence in Malaya.
Correlations mainly by fusulinid foraminifera)
Gobbett, D.J. & C.S. Hutchison (eds.) (1973)- Geology of the Malay Peninsula. Wiley, New York, 438p.
Hada, S. (1966)- Discovery of Early Triassic ammonoids from Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaya. J. Geosciences,
Osaka City Univ. 9, 4, p. 111-122.
Haile, N.S. (1980)- Palaeomagnetic evidence from the Ordovician and Silurian of northwest Peninsular
Malaysia. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 48, p. 233-236.
(Paleomagmetic work on Ordovician- Silurian Setul Lst of Langkawi Islands, NW Peninsular Malaysia,
suggests palaeolatitude of 43)
Haile, N.S., R.D. Beckinsale, K.R. Chakraborty, H.H. Abdul & T. Hardjono (1983)- Paleomagnetism,
geochronology and petrology of the dolerite dykes and basaltic flows from Kuantan, West Malaysia. Bull. Geol.
Soc. Malaysia 16, p. 71-85.
(Cretaceous Kuantan basalt dykes, central E coast Malay Peninsula, K-Ar dated at ~104 Ma. Paleomagnetism
study shows suggests about 30 of CCW rotation since mid-Cretaceous)
Haile, N.S. & Khoo Han Peng (1980)- Palaeomagnetic measurements on Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous
sedimentary rocks from Peninsular Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 12, p. 75-78.
(Paleomagnetic data from 3 sites of U Jurassic- Lw Cretaceous redbeds in Pahang and Johore indicate these
areas were ~8 N of present position and rotating clockwise and moving N. Since Late Cretaceous peninsula
rotated CCW and moved S to present position)
Haile, N.S., P.H. Stauffer, D. Krishnan, T.P. Lim & Ong G.B. (1977)- Palaeozoic redbeds and radiolarian chert:
reinterpretation of their relationships in the Bentong and Raub areas, West Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol.
Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 8, p. 45-60.
(Foothils Range in Bentong-Raub area E of Main Range in Pahang composed of 3 rock units: (1) earliest
Devonian or older schist, (2) E Devonian chert-argillite with radiolarians and Lower Devonian graptolites and
(3) Devonian- E Carboniferous fluvial redbed conglomerate. Also serpentinites in parts of Range)
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Halim, M.F.A. (1994)- Geothermics of the Malayan sedimentary basins. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 163174.
Hamada, T. (1969)- Late Paleozoic brachiopods from red beds in the Malayan Peninsula. In: Geology and
Palaeontology of SE Asia 6, University of Tokyo Press, p. 251-264.
Hamada, T. (1984)- Older and Middle Palaeozoic brachiopods of Thailand and Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al.
(eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 183-186.
Hamada, T., H. Igo, T. Kobayashi & T. Koike (1975)- Older and Middle Palaeozoic formations and fossils of
Thailand and Malaysia. Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 15, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-39.
Harbury, N.A., M.E. Jones, M.G. Audley-Charles, I. Metcalfe & K.R. Mohamed (1990)- Structural evolution of
Mesozoic Peninsular Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 147, p. 11-26.
(Upper Palaeozoic- Mesozoic of Peninsular Malaysia two important compressional events: Late Permian and
mid- to Late Cretaceous. Late Paleozoic compressional event was major orogenic phase with emplacement of
Permo-Triassic granite plutons that form eastern and main ranges. No indications of Triassic orogenic
compression. Raub-Bentong line was important fault zone active in Mesozoic but is not a major tectonic suture
since Late Palaeozoic. Proposed timing of orogenesis questioned by Hutchison & Sivam 1992; HvG)
Harun, Z. (2002). Late Mesozoic-Early Tertiary faults of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 45, p.
117-120.
Harun, Z. & B. Jasin (2000)- The occurrence of thrusts in north Kedah and Perlis. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Proc.
Annual Geol. Conf. 2000, p. 117-120.
Harun, Z., B. Jasin, N. Mohsin & A. Azami (2009)- Thrust in the Semanggol Formation, Kuala Ketil, Kedah.
Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 55, p. 61- 66.
(N-directed thrusting in Semanggol Fm chert unit . Cherts with late E Permian- M Triassic radiolarians)
Haseldonckx, P. (1977)- The geology of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 8, p. 75-87.
(Geological reconnaissance of Tekong Island. Oldest rocks folded Lower Triassic? rocks subjected to thermal
metamorphism Overlain by Upper Triassic molasses-facies clastics)
Hassan, M.H. (2003)- Sedimentology and palaeontology of the Devonian red beds of northwest Peninsular
Malaysia. Seminar Penyedelikan Jangka Pedek (Vot G), 4 p.
(online at: http://eprints.um.edu.my/691/1/paper144.pdf)
(Mid- Late Devonian redbeds throughout Perlis, Kedah and Langkawi islands, probably prodelta deposits)
Heward, A.P., S. Chuenbunchom, G. Makel, D. Marsland & L. Spring (2000)- Nang Nuan Field, B6/27, Gulf of
Thailand: karst reservoirs of meteoric or deep burial origin? Petroleum Geosc. 6, p. 15-27.
Higgs, R. (1999)- Gravity anomalies, subsidence history and the tectonic evolution of the Malay and Penyu
Basins (offshore Peninsula Malaysia). Basin Research 11, 3, p. 285-290.
(Critical discussion of Madon & Watts 1998 paper, suggesting paleobabthymetry needed to be incorporated
and speculating whether there may be two rift intervals in Malay Basin instead of one (possible renewed rifting
in Late Miocene)
Hill, J.A., D.K.Y. Soo & T. Verriah (1992)- Clay mineralogy in subsurface sandstones of Malaysia and the
effects on petrophysical properties. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 32, p. 15-43.
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July 2012
Hou, J., T. Takahashi, A. Katoh, S. Jaroonsiththa, K.P. Chumsena & K. Nakayama (2008)- Application of
seismic attributes and neural network for sand probability prediction- A case study in the North Malay Basin.
Hutchison, C.S. (1964)- A gabbro-granodiorite association in Singapore Island. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. 120, p. 283296.
(?Jurassic age orogenic granodiorite, part of Thai-Malayan tin-bearing granite belt, intruded into gabbro)
Hutchison, C.S. (1977)- Granite emplacement and tectonic subdivision of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc.
Malaysia, Bull. 9, p. 187-207
(Large granitic batholiths of mainly Permian and Triassic age characterize Main Range and Eastern Belt of
Malay Peninsula. Main Range underlain by continental sialic basement and uplifted since Triassic by several
km, Eastern Belt stable since Triassic. Local Late Cretaceous granites, without tin minearalization)
Hutchison, C.S. & D.N.K. Tan (eds.) (2009)- The geology of Peninsular Malaysia. Univ. of Malaya and Geol.
Soc. Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 479 p.
Hutchison, C.S. & S. P. Sivam (1992)- Discussion on structural evolution of Mesozoic Peninsular Malaysia. J.
Geol. Soc. London, 149, 4; p. 679-680.
(Dispute conclusions of Harbury et al (1990) proposing pre-Triassic age of 'Indosinian orogeny'. In Peninsular
Malaysia and NE Thailand Khorat Basin Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian) flysch unconformable over Late
Permian limestones, demonstrating Triassic age of folding)
Ibrahim, N.A. & M. Madon (1990)- Depositional environments, diagenesis, and porosity of reservoir
sandstones in the Malong Field, offshore West Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 27, p. 27-55.
Ichikawa, K. & E.H. Yin (1966)- Discovery of Early Triassic bivalves from Kelantan, Malaya. J. Geosc., Osaka
City University 9, p. 101-106.
Idris M.B. & M.S. Azlan (1989)- Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of fusulininids from Bukit Panching,
Pahang. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 24, p. 87-99.
(Upper Carboniferous Panching Lst with 5 local assemblages of fusulinid larger forams)
Igo, H. (1964)- Permian fossils from northern Pahang, Malaya. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 35, p. 57-71.
(Description of Permian corals from N Pahang, associated with fusulinids Yabeina, Verbeekina and Sumatrina)
Igo, H., S.S. Rajah & F. Kobayashi (1979)- Permian fusulinaceans from the Sungei Sedili area, Johore,
Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of S.E. Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 20, p. 95-118.
Ishida, K. & F. Hirsch (2011)- The Triassic conodonts of the NW Malayan Kodiang Limestone revisited:
taxonomy and paleogeographic significance. Gondwana Res. 19, 1, p. 22-36.
(Revision of M - early L Triassic conodonts from NW Malaya Kodiang Lst. Pseudofurnishius murcianus confers
S Tethyan low-latitude character to Kodiang Lst, part of Cimmerian string of terranes that in Triassic formed
diagonal partition between gradually closing Paleo-Tethys and widening Neo-Tethys, stretching E to Malaya
(Shan Thai Terrane), where it collided with Eurasia in Late Triassic, forming Sundaland platform. Jurassic
Neo-Tethys ocean extended S of consolidated SE Asia block and Cimmerian terranes)
Ishida, K., A. Nanba, F. Hirsch, T. Kozai & A. Meesook (2006)- New micropalaeontological evidence for a
Late Triassic Shan-Thai orogeny. Geosciences J. 10, p. 181-194.
Ishihara, S. (2008)- Granite series, type and concentration of HREE in the Malay Peninsula Region. In: Proc.
Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th
APSEG, Bangkok 2008, p. 31-35.
(Reinterpretion of S/I type granites of Permo-Triassic and Cretaceous-Tertiary in Malay Peninsula region)
18
July 2012
Jardine, E. (1997)- Dual petroleum systems governing the prolific Pattani basin, offshore Thailand. In: J.V.C.
Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon.
Petrol. Assoc., p. 351-363.
Jasin, B. (1991)- Significance of Monodiexodina (Fusulininacea) in geology of Peninsula Malaysia. Bull. Geol.
Soc. Malaysia 29, p. 171-181.
(Monodiexodina rare genus of Permian fusulinids and restricted to narrow sliver from C Afghanistan in W to
Malaysia and Japan in E. In Malaysia present on Sibumasu Block (M. sutschanica and M. shiptoni) and E
Malaya Block (M. shiptoni and M. kattaensis))
Jasin, B. (1995)- Occurrence of bedded radiolarian chert in the Kubang Pasu Formation, North Kedah,
Peninsular Malaysia. Warta Geol. 21, 2, p. 73-79.
Jasin, B. (1996)- Discovery of Early Permian radiolaria from the Semanggol Formation, Northwest Peninsular
Malaysia. Warta Geologi (Geol. Soc. Malaysia) 22, 4, p. 283-287.
Jasin, B. (1997)- Permo-Triassic radiolaria from the Semanggol Formation, northwest Peninsular Malaysia. J.
Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 43-53.
(32 species of radiolaria from 20 chert samples of Semanggol Fm in N and S Kedah. Early and Late Permian
and M Triassic assemblages, indicating chert sequence in Semanggol Fm ranges from E Permian- M Triassic)
Jasin, B. (1999)- Significance of radiolarian chert in the northwest zone of Peninsular Malaysia. In: Dynamic
stratigraphy and tectonics of Peninsular Malaysia, Second Seminar- The Western Belt and Paleozoic of
Peninsular Malaysia and neighbouring areas, p. 1-18.
Jasin, B. (2008)- Some Permian radiolarians from Bukit Yoi, Pokok Sena, Kedah. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull.
54, p. 53-58.
(A 2m thick chert sequence in Semanggol Fm at N slope of Bukit Yoi, S of Pokok Sena, near Thailand border.
Interbedded with siliceous and tuffaceous mudstone. Three E-M Permian radiolarian assemblage zones
identified, indicative of late Sakmarian, , Kungurian and Roadian)
Jasin, B. (2010)- Warisan geologi Negeri Perlis. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 56, p. 87-93.
(online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/GSM_Bulletin/GSM_Bulletin56_Paper13.pdf)
('Geological heritage of Perlis State'. Overview of geology of Perlis province, NW Malay Peninsula and need
for protection of sites. 'Sibumasu Blocks' sequence of Cambrian Triassic sediments, including OrdovicianDevonian Setul Fm with stromatolites, trilobites, graptolites, tentaculites and brachiopods, CarboniferousPermian Kubang Pasu Fm with bivalves, corals, brachiopods, cephalopods and trilobites and E Permian
Monodiexodina fusulinid forams (rel. cold water form).
Jasin, B. & C.A. Ali (1997)- Lower Permian Radiolaria from the Pos Blau area, Ulu Kelantan, Malaysia. J.
Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 327-337.
(22 radiolaria species from 30 m chert sequence in roadcut near Pos Blau, Ulu Kelantan. Represents top part
of Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria Zone, upper Wolfcampian (Sakmarian), Lower Permian. Faunas with elements
present in S Urals and Japanese faunas)
Jasin, B., C.A. Ali & K.Roslan Mohamed (1995)- Late Triassic radiolaria from the Kodiang Limestone,
northwest Peninsular Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 31-39.
(Cherty packstone-wackestone in Bukit Kodiang limestone quarry, Kedah, with Late Triassic (Late CarnianM Norian) radiolarian assemblage)
Jasin, B., A. Bashardin, N. Jamaluddin & N. Ishak (2010)- Occurrence of slate in Perlis and its significance.
Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 75-78.
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July 2012
(>100 m thick unfossiliferous slate exposed at Bukit Tuntung, Pauh, Perlis, NW Malay Peninsula. Overlain by
bedded chert of Kubang Pasu Fm with Tournaisian (basal Carboniferous) radiolarians)
Jasin, B. & Z. Harun (2004)- Discovery of some Early Carboniferous radiolarians from North Perak and their
significance. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 49, p. 19-24.
(Albaillella deflandrei radiolarian assemblage from NW Malay Peninsula indicates Tournaisian, E
Carboniferous age. Tournaisian radiolarian cherts widespread in Paleo-Tethys ocean)
Jasin, B. & Z. Harun (2007)- Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the chert unit of the Semanggol Formation.
Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull.53, p. 103-109.
(online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/16%20Paper.pdf)
(Semanggol Fm outcrops in NW Malay Peninsula. Deep marine clastics with cherts with 5 Permian and 4 E-M
Triassic radiolarian biozones. Common tuffaceous material in lower Semanggol Fm, older than Sakmarian, E
Permian. Thickness of formation hard to determine due to intense folding-thrusting)
Jasin, B. & Z. Harun (2009)- Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia- an update. In: 11th Reg.
Congr. Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, p.
Jasin, B., Z. Harun & S.N. Hassan (2003)- Black siliceous deposits in Peninsular Malaysia: their occurrence and
significance. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 46, p. 149-154.
Jasin, B., Z. Harun & U. Said (2005)- Triassic radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Semanggol Formation, South
Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 51, p. 31-39.
Jasin, B., Z. Harun & U. Said (2004)- Some Devonian radiolarians from chert blocks in the Bentong-Raub
Suture Zone, Pahang. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 48, p. 81-84.
Jasin, B., Z. Harun, U. Said & S. Saad (2005)- Permian radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Semanggol Formation,
south Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 51, p. 19-30.
Jasin, B. & L.T. Koay (1990)- Permian fusulinids from Bukit Wang Pisang, Perlis. Sains Malaysiana 19, p. 3544.
(Late Early Permian 'cold-water' fusulinid Monodiexodina from NW Malay Peninsula (Sibumasu Terrane))
Jennings, J.R. & C.P. Lee (1985)- Preliminary note on the occurrence of Carboniferous-age coals and in situ
plant fossils in eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Warta Geol. 11, 3, p. 117-121.
Jones, C.R. (1968)- Lower Paleozoic rocks of Malay Peninsula. AAPG Bull. 52, 7, p. 1259-1278.
(Lower Paleozoic in W part of Malay Peninsula comprises U Cambrian-Lower Devonian sediments, including
Ordovician- Silurian shelf carbonates, Silurian euxinic facies graptolite argillite and thick flysch-type sequence
to East. Acid pyroclastic rocks and ophiolitic igneous rocks associated with eugeosynclinal trough deposits)
Jones, C.R. (1970)- On a Lower Devonian fauna from Pahang, West Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 3, p.
63-75.
(Foothils Formation of W Pahang contains shales with reticulate sponges, brachiopods (Orbuciloidea sinensis)
and graptolites. Monograptus cf. praehercycnicus indicates early Lower Devonian age)
Jones, C.R. (1981)- Geology and mineral resources of Perlis, north Kedah, and the Langkawi Islands. Geol.
Survey Malaysia, District Mem. 17, p.
Jones, C.R., D.J. Gobbett & T. Kobayashi (1966)- Summary of fossil record in Malaya and Singapore 19001965. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 2, p. 309-359.
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Kader, M.S. (1994)- Abnormal pressure occurrence in the Malay and Penyu Basins, a regional understanding.
Kader, M.S. & W. Leslie (1995)- Occurrence, origin and implications of overpressure in the Malay and Penyu
Basins, offshore Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 191-204.
Kadir, A.A., B.J. Pierson, Z.Z.T. Harith & Chow Weng Sum (2010)- Elements of Paleozoic hydrocarbon plays
around Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. 46th CCOP Ann. Sess., Vung Tau 2009, p. 18- 29
(Presence of effective Paleozoic hydrocarbon system in Peninsular Malaysia- Malay Basin cannot be ruled out)
Kato, M. & Y. Ezaki (1986)- Permian corals from Pahang and Trengganu, Malaysia. J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido
Univ., Ser. 4, 21, 4, p. 645-668.
(online at: http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/36745/1/21_4_p645-668.pdf)
(M Permian corals in black limestone breccia associated with andesites in Kampong Awah Quarry, Pahang, C
Malay Peninsula. Assigned to Yabeina and Neoschwagerina Zones. Six species, including Waagenophyllum,
Michelinia, Wentzelloides, etc., all Tethyan elements (=Cathaysian; E Malaya Plate; HvG))
Kimura, T. & C.R. Jones (1967)- Geological structures in the northern and southern parts of the Langkawi
Islands, north-west Malaya. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia 3, p. 87-134.
Khoo Han Peng (1983)- Mesozoic stratigraphy in Peninsula Malaysia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc.
Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 370383.
Khoo, T.T. & B.K. Tan (1983)- Geologic evolution of Peninsular Malaysia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.)
Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand and
Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 253-290.
(Peninsular Malaysia three longitudinal belts, each with own geological development)
Khoo, T.T., B.S. Yaw, T. Kimura & J.H. Kim (1988)- Geology and palaeontology of the Redang islands,
Trengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 2, p. 123-130.
(Redang islands highly folded clastic sediments, contact metamorphosed by granitic intrusion: fluvialnearshore Redang beds and deeper marine Pinang beds. Fossil plants in Redang beds include Calamites,
Pecopteris, Cordaites and Taenopteris, resembling Late Carboniferous-Permian species)
Kobayashi, T. (1963)- On the Triassic Daonella beds in central Pahang, Malaya. Contributions to the geology
and palaeontology of southeast Asia, 3. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 101-112.
Kobayashi, T. (1963)- Halobia and some other fossils from Kedah, northwest Malaya. Contributions to the
geology and palaeontology of southeast Asia, 4. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 113-128.
Kobayashi, T. (1984)- On the geological history of Thailand and West Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.)
Geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 3-42.
(Stratigraphy-oriented review of Thailand-Malay Peninsula area)
Kobayashi, T., C.K. Burton, A. Tokuyama & E.H. Yin (1967)- The Daonella and Halobia facies of the ThaiMalay Peninsula compared with those of Japan. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia,
University of Tokyo Press, 3, p. 98-122.
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1964)- On a new Malayan species of Dalmanitina. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.)
Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 1, University of Tokyo Press, p. 221-235..
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1973)- Cyrtosymbolids (Trilobita) from the Langgun Red Beds in Northwest
Malaya, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-28.
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Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1971)- Agnostoid trilobites in a Devonian formation in West Malaysia. Proc.
Japan Academy 47, 4, p. 396-400.
(online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/)
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1971)- Silurian trilobites from the Langkawi islands, West Malaysia, with notes
on the Dalmanitidae and Raphiophoridae. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia. 9, University of
Tokyo Press, p. 87-134.
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1972)- A unique trilobite assemblage of the Devonian Kroh fauna in West
Malaysia, with notes on the Tentaculites facies and the older Palaeozoic faunal sequence in Thailand-Malaya.
In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 10, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-34.
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1973)- Cyrtosymbolids (Trilobita) from the Langgon red beds in northwest
Malaya, Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-28.
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1978)- Upper Ordovician trilobites from the Langkawi islands, Malaysia. In:
Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 19, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-27.
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1979)- Permo-Carboniferous trilobites from Thailand and Malaysia. In: Geology
and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 20, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-21
Kobayashi, T. & T. Hamada (1984)- Trilobites of Thailand and Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology
and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p.273-284.
Kobayashi, T., C.R. Jones & T. Hamada (1964)- On the Lower Silurian shelly fauna in the Langkawi Islands,
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Kon'no, E. (1967)- Some younger Mesozoic plants from Malaya. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast
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(Plant remains from 'post-orogenic' Tebak Fm clastics indicate Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous age)
Kon'no, E. (1968)- Addition to some younger Mesozoic plants from Malaya. In: Geology and Palaeontology of
Southeast Asia 4, University of Tokyo Press, p. 139-155.
Kon'no, E. & K. Asama (1970)- Some Permian plants from the Jengka Pass, Pahang, West Malaysia. In:
Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 8, University of Tokyo Press, p. 97-132.
Kon'no, E., K. Asama & S. Rajah (1970)- The Late Permian Linggiu flora from the Gunung Blumut area,
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Koopmans, B.N. (1968)- The Tembeling Formation- a litho-stratigraphic description (West Malaysia). Geol.
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22
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Krahenbuhl, R. (1991)- Magmatism, tin mineralization and tectonics of the Main Range, Malaysian Peninsula:
consequences for the plate tectonic model of Southeast Asia based on Rb-Sr, K-Ar and fission track data. Geol.
(Malaysian Peninsula divided by suture into 2 different magmatic provinces. Major magmatic event in Main
Range Late Permian. Also common Later Triassic post-collision granites, with major tin mineralization. Apatite
fission track data show rapid Oligocene (33-24 Ma) exhumation of Malay Peninsula Tin granites, etc.)
Kuenphan, N., K. Kaenmee, Y. Gonecome & R. Shoup (2010)- Application of satellite-based analog studies to
resolving reservoir complexity in the North Malay Basin. AAPG Hedberg Conference, Jakarta 2009, Search and
Discovery Article #50256, 17p. (Extended Abstract)
(Thailand river patterns used a spotential analogs for N Malay Basin reservoir sand distribution patterns)
Kummel, B. (1960)- Anisian ammonoids from Malaya. Breviora 124, p. 1-8.
(Online at: http://www.archive.org/details/breviora121178harv) (M Triassic ammonites from folded dark grey
shales 10.5 mi SSW of Kuala Lipis, Pahang, central Malay Peninsula (= E Malaya/ Indochina terrane?: HvG).
Kwan, T. S., R. Krahenbuhl & E. Jager (1992)- Rb-Sr, K-Ar and fission track ages for granites from Penang
Island, West Malaysia: an interpretation model for Rb-Sr whole-rock and for actual and experimental mica data.
Contr. Min. Petrol. 111, 4, p. 527-542.
(Penang Island NW extension of Peninsular Malaysia W magmatic belt. Three granite emplacement episodes:
~307 Ma (Late Carboniferous), ~251 Ma (Permian-Triassic boundary) and ~211 Ma (Late Triassic). Change in
tensional regime since Oligo-Miocene, accompanied by SW tilting of island)
Lane, H.R., K.J. Muller & W. Ziegler (1979)- Devonian and Carboniferous conodonts from Perak, Malaysia.
Geologica et Palaeontologica 13, p. 213-222.
Laveine, J.P. & A.H. Hussin (2003)- The Carboniferous flora of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Rev. Paleobiol.,
Geneve, 22, 2, p. 811-830.
(Carboniferous floras of E Peninsular Malaysia and NE Thailand typical Euramerican aspect. Indochina Block
(NE Thailand) and probably also E Malaya Block (E Peninsular Malaysia) in terrestrial connection with N
Palaeotethyan land mass, most probably S China Block, at least since E Carboniferous)
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20-38.
(Review of ~3000m thick mainly shallow marine clastic sections of age-equivalent Cambro-Ordovician
Machinchang (NW Malaysia, Langkawi island) and Tarutao ( SW Thailand , Ko Tarutao) Fms. Somewhat
thicker and coarser in S. Overlain by Ordovician limestones of Setul Fm. (part of 'Sibumasu Terrane'; similar
to Arafura- W Papua stratigraphy?; HvG))
Lee, C.P. (2005)- Discovery of plate-type scyphocrinoid loboliths in the uppermost Pridolian- lowermost
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localities, in a band of limestone in NW Peninsular Malaysia)
Lee, C.P. (2006)- The Cambrian of Malaysia. Palaeoworld 15, p. 242-255.
(Cambrian of Malaysia best represented by quartzose Machinchang Fm in Langkawi, Kedah, NW Peninsular
Malaysia. Basal part prograding prodeltaclastics, middle part estuarine channel-fills and upper shoreface,
beach, etc. deposits, youngest member shoreface to lagoonal. Grades upward into Ordovician limestone)
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Lee, C.P. (2009)- Palaeozoic stratigraphy. In: C.S. Hutchison & D.N.K. Tan (eds.) Geology of Peninsular
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(New stratigraphic nomenclature based on observations on Pulau Langgun. Kilim brachiopod beds clues to
Late Paleozoic glacial event, indicating proximity of Langkawi to Gondwana during that time)
Lee, C.P., M.S. Leman, K. Hassan, B.M. Nasib & R. Karim (2004) Stratigraphic lexicon of Malaysia.
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Leman, M.S. (1993)- Upper Permian brachiopods from northwest Pahang, Malaysia. In: Proc. Int. Symposium
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significance. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 38, p. 153-158.
(Two new Permian ammonoid localities in tuffaceous mudstones of Kuala Betis area, Kelantan. Assemblages
resemble M Permian Sg Cheroh cephalopod fauna and are associated with deep water sediment in Bentung
Suture zone. Similarities with Italian Socio, Timor Basleo fauna and other ammonoid occurrences in Europe, N
Africa and W Asia indicate oceanic link between these pelagic faunas as E Permian)
Leman, M.S. (2002)- A Permian phillipsid trilobite from Peninsular Malaysia. Geoscience J. 6, 2, p. 125-129.
(Pygidia of the trilobite Pseudophillipsia reported from M Permian Bera Fm, Pahang, with brachiopod fauna of
E Capitanian age. Resembles a slightly younger Capitanian species of N Laos, suggesting additional faunal link
between Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia (E Malaya terrane) in Capitanian time)
Leman, M.S. (2004)- Mesozoic. In: C.P. Lee et al. (eds.) Stratigraphic Lexicon of Malaysia, Geol. Soc.
Malaysia, p. 37-64.
Leman, M.S., I. Komoo, K. Roslan, C.A. Ali & T. Unjah (2007)- Geopark as an answer to geoheritage
conservation in Malaysia- The Langkawi Geopark case study. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 95-102.
(online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/15%20Paper.pdf)
(On preservation of famous 'Sibumasu' Paleozoic section outcrops of Langkawi island, off Malay Peninsula)
Leman, M. & G. Shi, G. (1998)- The Permian of Langkawi Islands and North West Peninsular Malaysia with
comments on the significance of the Kisap Thrust. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 110, p. 405-418.
Leman, M.S. & A. Yop (2002)- Early Permian sequence from Sungai Itau quarry, Langkawi: its age,
depositional environment and palaeoclimatic implication. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Geol. Conf. 2002, Kota
Baru, p. 163-170.
Leo, C.T.A.M. (1997)- Exploration in the Gulf of Thailand in deltaic reservoirs, related to the Bongkot Field.
In: A.J. Fraser, S.J. Matthews & R.W. Murphy (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London,
Spec. Publ. 126, p. 77-87.
Leong, K.M. (1978)- Malaysia, onshore sedimentary basins of Malaysia. In: ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy, 1.
Ch. 3, United Nations ECAFE Mineral Resources Development Ser. 44, p. 26-31.
Leonova, T.B., M.S. Leman & G.R. Shi (1999)- Discovery of Metalegoceras sp., an Early Permian ammonoid
from Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Alcheringa 23, p. 277-281.
(Ammonite Metalegoceras from uppermost part of Singa Fm at Batu Asah, NW of Kuah, confirms Sakmarian (E
Permian) age suggested by brachiopods)
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July 2012
Liew, K.K. (1994)- Structural development at the west-central margin of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia
Bull. 36, p. 67-80.
Liew, T.C. & R.W. Page (1985)- U-Pb zircon dating of granitoid plutons from the West coast of peninsular
Malaysia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 142, p. 515-526.
Liew, T.C. & M.T. McCulloch (1985)- Genesis of granitoid batholiths of Peninsular Malaysia and implications
for models of crustal evolution: evidence from Nd-Sr isotopic and U-Pb zircon study. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 49, p. 587-600.
Lockhart, B.E., O. Chinoroje, C.B. Enomoto & G.A. Hollomon (1997)- Early Tertiary deposition in the
southern Pattani Trough, Gulf of Thailand. In: Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia
and the South Pacific, Bangkok, p. 476-489.
Logan, J.R. (1849)- The rocks of Pulo Ubin. With some remarks on the formation and structure of hydrogene
rocks and on the metamorphic theory. Verhand. Bataviaasch Gen. Kunsten en Wetenschappen 22, 44 p.
(Early paper on geology of Palau Ubin, off Singapore, published in Batavia)
Madon, M. (1994)- Depositional and diagenetic histories of reservoir sandstones in the Jerneh Field, central
Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull 36, p. 31-53.
Madon, M. (1997)- Analysis of tectonic subsidence and heat flow in the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull.
41, p. 95-108.
Madon, M. (1997)- The kinematics of extension and inversion in the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull.
41, p. 127-138.
Madon, M. (2004)- Overpressure history of the Malay Basin, offshore Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc.
(Malay Basin present-day depth to top overpressure in basin centre between 1900-2000m, in lower Group E.
Top overpressure shallower at basin flanks, <1500 m deep along faulted W basin margin. Top overpressure in
basin centre influenced by Group F regional shale)
Madon, M. (2007)- Overpressure development in rift basins: an example from the Malay Basin, offshore
Peninsular Malaysia. Petroleum Geoscv. 13, 2; p. 169-180.
Madon, M. (2010)- Submarine mass-transport deposits in the Semantan Formation (Middle-Upper Triassic),
central Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 15-26.
(Exposures of M-U Triassic Semantan Fm along East-Coast Highway between Karak and Kuantan of Triassic
flysch basin that once separated W and E Malaya. E-ward change from distal to proximal facies)
Madon, M.B., A. Anuar & R. Wong (1997)- Structural evolution, maturation history and hydrocarbon potential
of the Penyu Basin. In: In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems of SE Asia
and Australasia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 403-424.
(Penyu Basin offshore Malaysia between Pahang and Johor Platforms on N Sunda Shelf under-explored. Basin
structurally contiguous with W Natuna Basin. Comprises half-grabens bounded by two NW and ENE-trending
faults, probably formed in E Oligocene by N-S extension. Early Oligocene alcustrine facies, marine incursions
starting in Late Oligocene. Inversion of rift faults around E-M Miocene boundary)
Madon, M., P. Abolins, J.B.H. Mohammad & B.A. Mansor (1999)- Malay Basin. In: The petroleum geology
and resources of Malaysia, Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, p. 173-217.
Madon, M.B. & A.B. Watts (1998)- Gravity anomalies, subsidence history and the tectonic evolution of the
Malay and Penyu basins (offshore Peninsular Malaysia). Basin Research 10, p. 375-392.
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(Malay and Penyu basins up to 14 km sediment fill, with 20 -30 mGal negative free air gravity anomalies.
Modeling suggests basins formed by combination lithosphere stretching and thin-skinned crustal extension)
Madon, M., J.S. Yang, P. Abolins, R. Abu Hassan, A.M. Yakzan & S. B. Zainal (2004)- Petroleum systems of
the Northern Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 49, p. 125-134.
(N Malay Basin petroleum province central/basinal gas-rich area, flanked on both sides and to S by mixed
oil/gas zones. Non-associated gas fields in central zone mainly in D and E reservoirs, in Late Miocene
inversion anticline. Vertical migration dominant process in basin centre. High CO2 gases typical of reservoirs
in groups I and older and derived from inorganic sources. Low CO2 gas (<6 %) more typical of D-E reservoirs
and derived from organic thermal degradation)
McElhinny, M.W., N.S. Haile & A.R. Crawford (1974)- Palaeomagnetic evidence shows Malay Peninsula was
not a part of Gondwanaland. Nature 252, p. 641-654.
(Paleomagnetic results suggest Malay Peninsula was at 15 N in Late Palaeozoic, incompatible with once
forming part of Gondwanaland. In Cretaceous Peninsula was not finally welded to Asian mainland)
Meor, H.H. & C.P. Lee (2003)- The Sanai Limestone Member- a Devonian limestone unit in Perlis. Geol. Soc.
Meor, H.H. & C.P. Lee (2005)- The Devonian- Lower Carboniferous succession in northwest Peninsular
Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, 6, p. 719-738.
(New stratigraphic nomenclature for ~600 m of Devonian- Carboniferous shallow marine deposits of
Sibumasu continental margin: mainly clastic transitional sequence between underlying Mempelam Lst and
overlying Kubang Pasu/Singa Fm in NW Malaysia. Timah Tasoh Fm 40 m tentaculitid shales at base (with E
Devonian Monograptus yukonensis and Nowakia) and 36 m of light argillo-arenites. Chepor Fm 90 m M-L
Devonian red mudstone- sandstones. Sanai Lst with Famennian conodonts. Binjal Fm mudstone and turbiditic
sandstones, Telaga Jatoh Fm radiolarian chert. Wang Kelian Fm thick E Carboniferous (Visean) prodeltabasinal marine red mudstones- sst. Major regressive event in latest Devonian)
Metcalfe, I. (1979)- Carboniferous conodonts from Perak, Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Newsl. 5, p. 35-39.
Metcalfe, I. (1980)- Upper Carboniferous conodont faunas of the Panching Limestone, Pahang, West Malaysia.
Palaeontology 23, p. 297-314.
Metcalfe, I. (1981)- Permian and Early Triassic conodonts from Northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc.
Malaysia, Bull. 14, p. 119-126.
(Limestones exposed at Gunung Keriang, Kedah, have E Permian (Wolfcampian) and E Triassic (Smithian)
conodonts. Kodiang Lst at Bukit Hantu near Kodiang, Kedah, yielded Late Permian and E Triassic conodonts)
Metcalfe, I. (1990)- Triassic condont biostratigraphy in the Malay Peninsula. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 26, p.
133-145.
(Condonts representative for all Triassic stages, except Rhaetian, found in Malay Peninsula)
Metcalfe, I. (1990)- Stratigraphic and tectonic implications of Triassic conodonts from Northwest Peninsular
Malaysia. Geol. Mag. 127, p. 567-578.
(Chuping Lst of NW Malay Peninsula with Late Triassic (E Norian) conodonts and spans late E Permian- Late
Triassic. Part equivalent to Kodiang Lst (Late Permian- Triassic) in Kedah and similar limestones in S
Thailand and N Sumatra. Early Late Triassic (Carnian) conodonts also in pelagic limestones associated with
bedded cherts of Semanggol Fm. Triassic of Malay Peninsula three regions: (1) Elongate carbonate platform
complex on Sibumasu block (Chuping Lst, Kodiang Lst); (2) pelagic/ turbidite basinal sequence (Semanggol
Fm; foredeep or intracratonic pull-apart basin) and (3) volcanic-sourced volcaniclastic basinal sequence on E
Malaya block (Semantan Fm and equivalents; forearc/ intra-arc or post-orogenic rift)
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Metcalfe, I. (1992)- Upper Triassic conodonts from the Kodiang Limestone, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. J.
(Conodonts from Kodiang Lst at Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia document presence of Lower-Middle Norian and
U Carnian. Faunas correlate with similar faunas from Chuping Lst of Perlis, Malaysia, and limestones from
Lake Toba area and Sungei Kalue, N Sumatra)
Metcalfe, I. (1999)- Geological origins and natural resources. In: A. Kaur & I. Metcalfe (eds.) The shaping of
Malaysia, Macmillan Press Ltd, p. 11-41
(online at:http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/pnm_bk/M959.5SHA.pdf)
Metcalfe, I. (2002)-. Devonian and Carboniferous conodonts from the Kanthan Limestone, Peninsular Malaysia
and their stratigraphic and tectonic implications. In: L.V. Hills et al. (eds.) The Carboniferous and Permian of
the World, Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 6, p. 552-579.
Metcalfe, I. (2003)- Colour and textural alteration of Paleozoic and Triassic conodonts from Peninsular
Malaysia: implications for tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon generation. Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg
245, p. 261-280.
Metcalfe, I. & K.R. Chakraborty (1988)- Diamictite along the eastern margin of the Central Basin of the Malay
Peninsula. Warta Geol.14, p. 191-198.
Metcalfe, I., M. Idris & J.T. Tan (1980)- Stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Carboniferous sediments in the
Panching areas, Pahang, West Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 13, p. 1-26.
(New lithostratigraphy proposed for Carboniferous of Panching area, Pahang: (1) Charu Fm shallow marine
clastics with Visean- basal Namurian brachiopods; (2) Panching Lst reefal limestone with Namurian fauna; (3)
Sagor Fm ?Late Carboniferous shallow marine clastics with rare limestone lenses)
Metcalfe, I., S.P. Sivam & P.H. Stauffer (1982)- Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle Triassic rocks
exposed near Lanchang, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 15, p. 19-30.
Miall, A.D. (2002)- Architecture and sequence stratigraphy of Pleistocene fluvial systems in the Malay Basin,
based on seismic time slices analysis. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Bull. 86, p. 1201-1216.
(3-D seismic data from nonproductive, shallow Pleistocene section in N Malay Basin show 5 types of fluvial
systems, from braided systems with >4 km wide channel-belts to small-scale meandering systems with meanderbelt widths of few 100m. Incised-valley system 40m deep forms is base of one of two sequence boundaries)
Mohamad, H., R. Wong & M.F.A. Halim (2001)- Seismic facies analysis of the synrift sediments in the North
Malay Basin and their impact on the deep reservoir potential. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2,
Techn. Repts., p. 30-32.
Morley, C.K. (2004)- Nested strike-slip duplexes, and other evidence for Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene
transpressional tectonics before and during India-Eurasia collision, in Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia. J.
Geol. Soc. 161, 5, p. 799- 812.
Morley, C.K. N. Sangkumarni, T.B. Hoon, C. Chonglakmani & J. Lambiase (2000)- Structural evolution of the
Li Basin, northern Thailand. J. Geol. Soc., London, 157; 2; p. 483-492.
(Oligo- Miocene sections of coal mines in Li Basin of N Thailand show basins formed under E-W extension. At
least 5 episodes of mainly NNWSSE to NESW oriented compression interrupted extensional development of
basin, probably related to escape tectonics of Himalayan orogeny. Episodic nature of compression and
extension inconsistent with either simple strike-slip related opening of basins or simple extension)
Morley, C.K. & R. Westaway (2006)- Subsidence in the super-deep Pattani and Malay basins of Southeast Asia:
a coupled model incorporating lower-crustal flow in response to post-rift sediment loading. Basin Res. 18, p.
51-84.
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(Two Early Cenozoic rifts in SE Asia (beneath Pattani and Malay basins) limited upper-crustal extension
(1.5), yet very thick post-rift fill with 6-12 km of Late Cenozoic terrestrial and shallow-marine sediment.
Explanation for high post-rift subsidence involves lower-crustal flow caused by sediment loading and erosion
of sediment sources)
Morley, C.K., N. Woganan, N. Sankumarn, T.B. Hoon, A. Alief & M. Simmons (2001)- Late Oligocene-Recent
stress evolution in rift basins of northern and central Thailand: implications for escape tectonics.
(Thailand Tertiary rift basins evolved under E-W extension, but extension direction changed periodically.
Extension interrupted by inversion events. Basins evolution: (1) widespread Oligocene-Lower Miocene
extension; (2) In C and N Thailand extension persisted into U Miocene-Pliocene; (3) In W. Natuna, Penyu,
Malay basins extension ceased in earliest Miocene, in N Gulf of Thailand in M Miocene. Inversion in Gulf of
Thailand in Lower and M Miocene. Relationship between strike-slip and extensional and inversion events
more complex than can be explained by simple escape tectonic models)
Nakazawa, K. (1973)- On the Permian fossils from Jengka Pass, Pahang, Malay Peninsula. Tohoku Univ., Sci.
Rep., 2nd ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol. 6 (Hatai Memorial Volume), p. 277-296.
(online at ir.library.tohoku.ac.jp/re/bitstream/10097/28985/1/KJ00004163218.pdf) (Permian at Jengka Pass
160 km NE of Kuala Lumpur upper M Permian limestone with corals and abundant Yabeina-zone fusulinids,
overlain by U Permian sandstone-shale with brachiopods, bivalves. Unconformably overlain by M-U Triassic)
Nakazawa, K. (2002)- Permian bivalves from the H.S. Lee Formation, Malaysia. Paleontological Res. 6, 1, p.
67-72.
(Three bivalve species from Permian H.S. Lee Fm at H.S. Lee No. 8 flooded tin mine in Perak: Sanguinolites
ishii, Megalodon yanceyi and Myalina cf. wyomingensis)
Newton, R.B. (1900)- On marine Triassic lamellibranchs discovered in the Malay. Peninsula. Proc. Malacol.
Soc. London, 4, p. 130-135.
(Late Triassic Miophorya bivalve shells in blocks of fossiliferous sandstone from Kuala Lipis, Pahang)
Newton, R.B. (1906)- Notice on some fossils from Singapore. Geol. Mag. (5), 3, p. 487-496.
First record of Mesozoic fossils from Singapore. Jurassic fauna dominated by marine bivalves, also fragments
of land plants)
Newton, R.B. (1923)- On marine Triassic shells from Singapore. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9, p. 300-321.
(Discovery of Triassic fauna in Singapore by Scrivenor. Mainly bivalve molluscs in friable sandstone, among
with Myophoria. Fauna regarded as Upper Triassic age. Singapore beds extension of Myophorian Sst of
Pahang, described by Newton in 1900)
Newton, R.B. (1925)- On marine Triassic fossils from the Malayan Provinces of Kedah and Perak. Geol. Mag.
62, p. 76-85.
(Kummel 1960: Two Upper Triassic ammonites described by Newton from Kedah probably are a Juvavites or
Anatomites and a Hammoceras)
Ng Tong San (1987)- Trap styles of the Tenggol Arch and the southern part of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc.
Ngah, K. (1990)- Structural framework of Southeastern Malay Basin. Ph.D. Thesis Imperial College, University
of London, 267 p.
Ngah, K. (2000)- Upper Oligocene- Lower Miocene sandstone reservoirs, Southern Malay Basin. AAPG Search
and Discovery Article 10008 , p.
(Pulai-II Fm reservoirs in S Malay basin deposited during early opening of backarc basin. Braided fluvial
channel sandstones dominant in NE, distributary and tidal-channel sands dominate in S. Reservoir quality
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primarily result of burial diagenesis and depositional facies. Destruction of porosity by precipitation of quartz
and ferroan calcite and porosity enhancement by dissolution of framework feldspars and chert. Up to 40% of
porosity dissolution by meteoric water introduced during Late Miocene uplift. Porosity up to 45% in braidedchannel sandstones. Poor porosity fine sandstones and some m-c sandstones buried deeper than 3000 m)
Ngah, K. (2000)- Structural framework of Southeastern Malay Basin. AAPG Search and Discovery Article
10009 , p. (online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/khalid02/index.htm)
(Malay Basin intracratonic basin in relatively stable Sunda Shelf. Extensional opening from Late CretaceousLate Eocene to Late Miocene. Late Miocene- Pliocene compressional phase created anticlinal hydrocarbon
traps. Pliocene-Recent extensional basin rejuvenation, with extensive marine incursion. Fault trends N-S in NW
Malay Basin, in S two-thirds E-W and NW-SE trends dominant. S Malay Basin relatively oil-prone)
Ngah, K., M. Madon & H.D. Tjia (1996)- Role of Pre-Tertiary fractures in formation and development of the
Malay and Penyu basins. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc.
London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 281-289.
(Major faults in Sundaland trend NNW to NW, WNW, N and E. Old NNW to NW, N and E-striking faults in preTertiary basement of Malay and Penyu basins, reactivated before Late Oligocene and in M-Late Miocene.
Common N-striking faults in pre-Tertiary of Sundaland, possibly Jurassic regional fractures. NNW-NW and
WNW fractures may have originated as strike-slip faults during late Mesozoic deformation. NW-striking
basement faults of Malay basin continue onshore SE Asia as Three Pagodas fault zone. M-Late Miocene stress
field change resulted in reversal of slip movement along major wrench faults and structural inversion of
sedimentary basins (E-W anticlines located over half-graben))
Ngo T.S., Cu M.H., Phung K.H. & Vu M.T. (2010)- The geology and hydrocarbon potential of a Mesozoic
basin in western offshore Vietnam. Proc. 46th CCOP Ann. Sess., Vung Tau 2009, p. 4-17.
(Phu Quoc basin is Mesozoic forearc basin developed on margin of Indosinia cratonic block, in contact with
Sibumasu block, N of East Malay Basin. Over 8 km of Paleozoic- Mesozoic section in depocenters. Three
stages: Paleozoic passive margin, Late Permian- Mesozoic forearc, Tertiary- Quaternary sag)
Niko, S., M. Sone & M.S. Leman (2005)- A new Permian species of Mooreoceras (Cephalopoda: Orthocerida)
from northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Japan Acad. 81, B, p. 329-333.
(online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab/81/8/329/_pdf)
(New late E Permian (Kungurian?) orthocerid cephalopod species Mooreoceras sibumasuense from basal
Chuping Fm in Bukit Tungku Lembu in Perlis, NW Malaysia. Associated with Monodiexodia fusulinids, and
part of Sibumasu Terrane. Most Permian Mooreoceras species confined to Australian Gondwana- Sibumasu;
also M. sp in Atahoc Fm of Timor)
Noor, H.M. (1987)- Tinggi Field- analyzing the DHIs. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 21, p. 133-149.
Ohana, T., T. Kimura & T.T. Khoo (1991)- Further discovery of some Carboniferous plant fossils from Tanjung
Mat Amin, Trengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 93-101.
(New locality with Carboniferous 'Euramerican' plant fossils at Tanjung Mat Amin, Trengganu. Belong to
Kuantan Flora which was widespread in E Belt of Peninsular Malaysia N of Pahang River. Presence of
Kuantan Flora indicates warm-humid Carboniferous in low latitudes during Carboniferous)
Ong Swang Theng & B. Jasin (2007)- Discovery of a Lower Devonian Dacryoconarid bed from Hill B, Guar
Jentik, Perlis: its significance and implications. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 1- 6.
(online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/1%20Paper%20.pdf)
(Lower Devonian 'tentaculites limestone' from Perlis, NW-most Malay Peninsula)
Othman, A.R. & M.S. Leman (2009)- The discovery of Middle Triassic bivalve Daonella pahangensis
Kobayashi from Aring, Kelantan. Warta Geol. 35, 3, p. 111-114.
29
July 2012
Othman, A.R. & M.S. Leman (2010)- Fosil ammonoid berusia Trias Tengah dari Aring, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 56, p. 53-59.
('Middle Triassic ammonoid fossils from Aring, Kelantan, Malaysia'. Two localities with 13 species from
Telong Fm on N Malay Peninsula. Assemblages represent 'Paleo-Tethys' ammonoid Zones Balatonicus Subzone
of Balatonites Zone (M Anisian) and Regoledanus Subzone of Protrachyceras Zone (Late Ladinian). Area can
be correlated to Sukhothai Terrain of Shan-Thai Block, belonging to Cathaysian domain)
Oudomugsorn, P., C. Rojanachan & K. Sakdejayont (1987)- Evaluation of the petroleum potential of the
western basin, Gulf of Thailand. Proc. 23rd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas
(CCOP), Madang 1986, 2, p. 80-97.
(Western basin N-S trending Early Tertiary rift basin in N Gulf of Thailand. Possibly >3500m of OligoceneRecent sediments, mainly in fluviallacustrine facies. Less than 400m of sediment over basement highs)
Peng, L.C., M.S. Leman, K. Hassan, B.M Nasib & R. Karim (2004)- Stratigraphic lexicon of Malaysia. Geol.
Soc. Malaysia, 162 p.
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Bull. 95, 4, p. 509-536.
(2-D modeling of hydrocarbon generation for Malay-Cho Thu Basin in Gulf of Thailand-S China Sea. Source
rocks comprise Oligocene synrift lacustrine mudstones and coals, postrift coals, and coaly mudstones. Main
play risks include timing of generation from oil-prone lacustrine synrift deposits relative to structural trap
formation and relatively small kitchen areas. Minor contribution from lacustrine deposits after principal trap
formation consistent with prominent terrigenous geochemical signature of oils in basin)
PETRONAS (1996)- The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia. Petronas Press, Kuala Lumpur, 665p.
(Major review of Malaysian basins and hydrocarbons by collective of authors)
PETRONAS (2007)- Chronostratigraphic chart of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic basins of Malaysia. Petronas,
Kuala Lumpur, 71p. + chart
Polachan, S., S. Pradidtan, C. Tangtaow, S. Janmaha, K. Intarawijitr & C. Sangsuwan (1991)- Development of
Cenozoic basins of Thailand. Marine Petrol. Geol. 8, p. 84-97.
Polachan, S. & N. Sattayarak (1989)- Strike-slip tectonics and the development of Tertiary basins in Thailand.
In: Int. Symp. Intermontane basins: geology & resources, Chiang Mai 1989, p. 243-253.
Pradidtan, S. (1990)- Calculation of heat flow of the Tertiary basins in the Gulf of Thailand. In: B. Elishewitz
(ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Techn. Publ. 21, p. 99-106.
(Heatflow values from 9 wells in Gulf of Thailand rel. high)
Pradidtan, S. & S. Polachen (1990)- TH-40 sandstone play Hua Hin Basin, Thailand. In: CCOP/WRGA Play
modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 97-112.
(Assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbons and play description of TH-40 Oligocene stacked fluvio-lacustrine
sands in rotated fault blocks in Hua Hin Basin, N Gulf of Thailand.)
Raj, J.K. (1998)- Tectonic evolution of the Tertiary basin at Batu Arang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Peninsular
Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 197-210.
Raj, J.K. et al. (1998)- Tertiary basins of inland peninsular Malaysia: review and tectonic evolution. Geol. Soc.
Rajah, S.S., F. Chand & D. Santokh-Sing (1977)- The granitoids and mineralization of the Eastern Belt of
Peninsular Malaysia. Geol.Soc Malaysia Bull. 9, p. 209-232.
30
July 2012
Ramli, N. (1986)- Depositional model of a Miocene barred wave- and storm-dominated shoreface and shelf, SE
Malay Basin. AAPG Bull. 70, 1, p. 34-47.
(J sandstone reservoir in SE Malay basin composed of shoreface and offshore sediments. Barred wave- and
storm-dominated shoreface, laterally associated with stacked offshore bars)
Ramli, N. (1988)- Characteristics of J Sandstone (Tapis Formation) reservoirs in the Southeastern part of the
Malay Basin, Offshore West Malaysia. Proc. 7th Offshore South East Asia Conf., Singapore 1988, SEAPEX
Proc. 8, p. 239- 248.
(Reservoir quality of Miocene J sandstone mainly controlled by sedimentary texture (absence of bioturbation)
and presence of secondary porosity)
Ramli, M.N. (1988)- Humid tropical fan-delta sedimentaton: an ancient model from the 'K' sandstones (Late
Oligocene-Early Miocene), SE part of the Malay basin, offshore W Malaysia. In: W. Nemec & R.J. Steel (eds.)
Fan deltas and related systems: sedimentology and tectonic settings, Blackie Publ., Glasgow, p. 341-353.
Ramli, M.N. (1988)- Stratigraphy and paleofacies development of Carigali's operating areas in the Malay basin.
Ramli, M.N. (1989)- Stratigraphy and paleofacies development of Carigali's operating areas in the Malay basin,
South China Sea. In: B. Situmorang (ed.) Proc. 6th Reg. Conf. Geology Mineral Hydrocarbon Res. Southeast
Asia, Jakarta 1987, IAGI, p. 171-196.
(New time-stratigraphic scheme and regional Oligocene- Pliocene paleofacies maps for blocks PM6 and PM12.
Predominantly coastal plain- fluviomarine facies)
Rao, C.P. (1988)- Paleoclimate of some Permo-Triassic carbonates of Malaysia. Sedim. Geol. 60, p. 163-171.
(Study of Permian and Triassic carbonates of Malaysia. Permian Chuping Lst at Langkawi (= part of Sibumasu
terrane; HvG) with common brachiopods with oxygen/carbon isotope signature similar to E Australian faunas.
Paleoclimate was cool- temperate ('Gondwanan'). Permian Summalayang Lst of NE Malay Peninsula rich in
fusulinids, but no corals, etc., Foramol facies and predominantly Mg calcite mineralogy reflect temperate
climate. Late Triassic Kodiang Lst with corals, algae, stromatolites, etc., and formed in tropical setting)
Reijenstein, H.M., H.W. Posamentier & J.P. Bhattacharya (2011)- Seismic geomorphology and high-resolution
seismic stratigraphy of inner-shelf fluvial, estuarine, deltaic, and marine sequences, Gulf of Thailand. AAPG
Bull. 95, 11, p.. 1959-1990.
(3-D seismic-derived images of channels in Pleistocene fluvial, estuarine, marine, and deltaic depositional
systems in the upper 80 m of central Gulf of Thailand continental shelf. Most fluvial systems lie within incised
valleys in lower parts of each depositional sequence)
Richter, B., E. Schmidtke, M. Fuller, N. Harbury & A.R. Samsudin (1999)- Paleomagnetism of Peninsular
Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 477-519.
(Paleomagnetic results from Peninsular Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia in low N latitudes since Late Triassic.
Jurassic- Paleocene counterclockwise (CCW) rotations, while clockwise rotations (CW) predominant in older
rocks. `S Sundaland' block (Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sulawesi, Celebes Sea) rotated ~30- 40 CCW between
Late Eocene and Late Miocene. Regional CCW rotations not consistent with extrusion tectonic models)
Rishworth, D.E.H. (1974)- The Upper Mesozoic terrigenous Gagau Group of Peninsular Malaysia. Geol.
Survey Malaysia Spec. Paper 1, 78 p.
Robinson, K. (1985)- Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources in Tertiary
sedimentary basins of Malaysia and Brunei. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 18, p. 119-131.
Roslan, K. (1988)- The stratigraphy and sedimentology of Triassic rocks of Peninsular Malaya. Ph.D. Thesis
University College, London, 344 p.
31
July 2012
Runnegar, B. & D. Gobbett (1975)- Tanchintongia gen.nov., a bizarre Permian myalinid bivalve from West
Malaysia and Japan. Palaeontology 18, 2, p. 315-322.
(online at: http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2018/Pages%20315-322.pdf)
(New large, thick-shelled myalinid bivalve species and genus Tanchintongia perakensis from now flooded opencut tin mine H.S. Lee No. 8, Kinta Valley, Perak. Associated with E Permian ammonoids and Pseudofuulina)
Said, A. (1982)- Overview of exploration for petroleum in Malaysia under the PSC's. OFFSEA 82, p. 1-14.
Said, Uyop, M. Malihan & Z. Konjing (2007)- Neocomian palynomorph assemblage from Central Pahang,
Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 53, p. 21- 25.
(online at: http://geology.um.edu.my/gsmpublic/v53/Pdf%20individual%20papers/5%20Paper0.pdf)
(Road-cuts in central Pahang yield a distinct palynomorph assemblage with Cicatricosisporites australiensis,
C. ludbrookiae, Biretisporites eneabbaensis and Baculatisporites comaumensis. Assigned to lowest speciosus
Assemblage zone (Valanginian- Hauterivian)
Sakagami, S. (1976)- Palaeobiogeography of the Permian bryozoa on the basis of the Thai-Malayan district.
Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 14, p. 155-172.
Samorn, H. (2006)- Fluvial reservoir architecture from nearsurface 3-D seismic data, Block B8/32, Gulf of
Thailand. M.S. Thesis,Colorado School of Mines, 156 p.
Sasaki, A. (1986)- Geological studies on origin of carbon dioxide in Platong Field, Gulf of Thailand. J. Japanese
Assoc. Petrol. Techn. 51, 3, p.218-227. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...)
(In Japanese, with English abstract) (Platong gas field CO2 content average 15%, locally >40%. Most CO2 in
nearby Natuna, Malay, N Sumatra basins tied to carbonates, but here believed to be generated from woodycoaly kerogens during thermal diagenesis, and also from 'magmatic origin' through faults)
Sashida, K., S. Adachi, H.. Igo, T. Koike & I. Amnan (1995)- Middle and Late Permian radiolarians from the
Semanggol Formation, northwest Peninsular Malaysia. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S. 177, p. 43-58.
Sato, T. (1964)- Ammonites du Trias de la Malaisie. In: T. Kobayashi (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of SE
Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 2, p. 43-53.
('Ammonites from the Triassic of Malaysia')
Schwartz, M.O. & A.K. Askury (1989)- Geological, geochemical, and fluid inclusion studies of the tin granites
from the Bujang Melaka pluton, Kinta Valley, Malaysia. Econ. Geol. 84, p. 751-779.
Scrivenor, J.B. (1908)- Note on the sedimentary rocks of Singapore. Geol. Mag. Dec. 5, 5, 529, p. 289-291.
Scrivenor, J.B. (1909)- Obsidianites in the Malay Peninsula. Geol. Mag. 6, 9, p. 411-413.
Scrivenor, J.B. (1910)- The rocks of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Nanas (Singapore). Quart. J. Geol. Soc., London, 66,
p. 420-434.
(Rocks of Singapore islands mainly granites and tuffs)
Scrivenor, J.B. (1913)- The geological history of the Malay Peninsula. Quart. J. Geol. Soc., London, 69, p. 343371.
(Early summary of Malay Peninsula geology. Sparsely illustrated)
Scrivenor, J.B. (1923)- The structural geology of British Malaya. J. Geology 31, 7, p. 556-570.
Scrivenor, J.B. (1925)- Summary of the geological history of British Malaya and British Borneo. Verhand.
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Scrivenor, J.B. (1929)- Radiolaria-bearing rocks in the Malay Peninsula. De Mijningenieur 10, p. 238-239.
Scrivenor, J.B. (1931)- The geology of Malaya. Millan and Co., London, p.
Senathi Rajah, S. (1969)- Younger Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, State of Johore, West Malaysia. AAPG Bull.
53, p. 2187-2189.
(Flat-lying, post-orogenic, fluvio-deltaic Tebak Fm (possibly same as Gagau, Panti Fms) of Johore Province, W
Malaysia, most likely early Cretaceous age, and predominantly arenaceous)
Senathi Rajah, S. (1970)- Limestone occurrences in Johore. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 3, p. 131-133.
(First record of Permian limestones from Sungei Sedili and Sungei Lenggor areas)
Senathi Rajah, S., F. Chand & D.S. Singh (1977)- The granitoids and mineralization of the Eastern Belt of
Peninsular Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull. 9, p. 209-232.
(Malay Peninsula 3 mineral belts: Western Tin belt, Central Gold and base metal belt and Eastern Tin belt.
Eastern Belt granites emplaced in Upper Carboniferous- U Jurassic, peaking in U Permian. Invaded country
rocks are tightly folded and weakly regionally metamorphosed. Tin, tungsten and iron mineralization in
marginal and apical parts of plutons)
Seong, K.T. (1990)- K-Ar dating of micas from granitoids in the Kuala Lumpur-Seramban area. Bull. Geol.
Soc.Malaysia 26, p. 77-96.
Sevastjanova, I. (2007)- Detrital heavy minerals from the Malay Peninsula. M.Sc. Thesis, Royal Holloway,
University of London, 155 p. (Unpublished)
Sevastjanova, I., B. Clements, R. Hall, E.A. Belousova, W.L. Griffin & N. Pearson (2011)- Granitic
magmatism, basement ages, and provenance indicators in the Malay Peninsula: insights from detrital zircon UPb and Hf-isotope data. Gondwana Res. 19, 4, p. 1024-1039.
(Malay Peninsula two continental blocks, Sibumasu and E Malaya, with two granitoids provinces: Main
Range and Eastern. U-Pb analyses on zircons from Malay Peninsula river sands suggest 3 Permian-Triassic
episodes of granitoids intrusives, two in E Province: (a) Permian, crustally-derived, (b) E-M Triassic, mixed
mantle-crust sources, (c) Late Triassic, crustally-derived. Sibumasu- E Malaya collision probably in Late
Permian-E Triassic. Predominantly Paleoproterozoic basement ages for Sibumasu (1.9-2.0 Ga) and East
Malaya (1.7-2.0 Ga) blocks)
Shariff Bin Kader, M. (1994)- Abnormal pressure occurrence in the Malay and Penyu basins, offshore
Peninsular Malaysia a regional understanding. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 36, p. 81-91.
Shi, G.R., M.S. Leman, K. Tan et al. 1997)- Early Permian brachiopods of Gondwanan affinity from the upper
Singa Formation, Lankawi Island, NW Peninsular Malaysia: biostratigraphical and biogeographical
implications.. In: P. Dheeradilok et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast
Asia and the South Pacific, Dept. Mineral Res., Bangkok, p. 62-72.
Shi, G.R. & J.B. Waterhouse (1991)- Early Permian brachiopods from Perak, West Malaysia. J. Southeast
(Permian brachiopod fauna from Nam Loong 1 Mine of Kinta Valley, W of Kampar, Perak, indicates possible
Sakmarian age (E Permian))
Shing, C.Y. (1992)- Petrographic and diagenetic studies of the reservoir sandstone of the Malay Basin. Geol.
33
July 2012
Shoup, R. (2008)- Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Arthit area, North Malay Basin. In: Proc. Int. Symp.
Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG,
Bangkok 2008, p. 375- 381.
(online at http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/112.pdf)
(Paleogeographic evolution of Arthit area, one of Gulf of Thailand E Tertiary rift basins. No age control)
Shuib, M.K. (2009)- Structures and deformation. In: C.S. Hutchison & D.N.K. Tan (eds.) Geology of
Peninsular Malaysia. University Malaya and Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 271-308.
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and its tectonic implications. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p. 365-371.
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Petroleum History Institute, Meadville, 6, 1, p. 129-152.
Singh, I. & C.H. Ford (1982)- The occurrence, causes and detection of abnormal pressure in the Malay Basin.
OFFSEA 82, Singapore, 11p.
Smiley, C.J. (1970)- Later Mesozoic flora from Maran, Pahang, West Malaysia, Part 1: Geological
considerations. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 3, p. 77-88.
(Plant fossils from Tembeling Fm 4 mi N of Maran, central Malay Peninsula. Include tree fern Gleichenoides
spp., conifer Frenelopsis and others. Closely resemble Neocomian species from other areas. Probably
represents open forest flora under climate with distinct dry season)
Smiley, C.J. (1970)- Later Mesozoic flora from Maran, Pahang, West Malaysia, Part 2: Taxonomic
considerations. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 3, p. 89-113.
Sone, M. & M.S. Leman (2000)- Some mid-Permian fossils from Felda Mayam, Central Peninsular Malaysia.
Proc. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Ann. Conf, p. 143-150.
Sone, M. & M.S. Leman & M Ehiro (2001)- Middle Permian cephalopods from central Peninsular Malaysia:
implications for faunal migration through the southern Tethys. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, 6, p. 805-814.
(Wordian (M Permian) cephalopod fauna of 4 ammonoids (Tauroceras, Agathiceras, Bamyaniceras,
Pronoritidae) and 4 nautiloids (Tainoceras, Orthocerida) from Bera South, S Pahang. Presence of Tauroceras.
aff. scrobiculatum suggests correlation with S Tethys strata of NE Iraq, N Oman and Sicily)
Sone, M., M.S. Leman & I. Metcalfe (2004)- Triassic nautiloid Sibyllonautilus from Gua Bama, Peninsular
Malaysia and its regional stratigraphic implications. Alcheringa 28, p. 477-483.
Sone, M., M.S. Leman & G.R. Shi (2001)- Middle Permian brachiopods from central Peninsular Malaysiafaunal affinities between Malaysia and west Cambodia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, p. 177-194.
(Moderately diverse Permian brachiopod fauna from Bera District, C Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (on E
Malaya- Indochina Plate). 19 species, typically warm-water Tethyan. Strong linkage to Yabeina beds of
Sisophon Lst, W Cambodia. Possible E Capitanian (M Permian) age)
Sone, M., I. Metcalfe & M.S. Leman (2003)- Palaeobiogeographic implications of Middle Permian brachiopods
from Johore (Peninsular Malaysia). Geol. Mag. 140, p. 523-538.
(New M Permian brachiopods fauna from N Johore, with ammonoid Agathiceras sp.etc. Locality belongs to
East Malaya terrane of Cathaysian province, but also affinities to species of Sibumasu province, suggesting
species interchange between shallow waters of E Malaya and Sibumasu across Palaeo-Tethys)
Spiller, F.C.P. (1996)- Late Paleozoic radiolarians from the Bentong-Raub suture zone, Peninsular Malaysia.
The Island Arc 5, 2, p. 91-103.
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July 2012
(Radiolarians from deep marine siliceous sediments from melange from Bentong-Raub suture zone contain 7
radiolarian zones from 10 localities: Late Devonian (Famennian), E Carboniferous (Tournaisian and Visean)
and E Permian. This suggests that ocean existed between Sibumasu and East Malaya terranes from at least
Late Devonian-late E Permian time)
Spiller, F.C.P. (2002)- Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia and implications for regional
palaeotectonics and palaeogeography. Palaeontographica Abt. A, 266, p. 1-91.
Spiller, F.C.P. & I. Metcalfe (1995)- Late Paleozoic radiolarians from the Bentong-Raub suture and the
Semanggol Formation of Peninsular Malaysia- initial results. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 11, 3, p. 217-224.
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Tarutao Island, Thailand. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 174, p. 373-391.
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Stauffer, P.H. & N.J. Snelling (1977)- A Precambrian trondhjemite boulder in Palaeozoic mudstones of NW
Malaya. Geol. Mag, 114, 6, p. 479-482.
(Possible Precambrian leucotonalite clasts with a K-Ar age of 1029 +/15 Ma in 'pebbly mudstone' of Permian
Singa Fm of Langkawi Islands, NW Malaysia)
Suntharalingam, T. (1968)- Upper Palaeozoic stratigraphy of the area west of Kampar, Perak. Bull. Geol. Soc.
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Suntharalingam, T. (1983)- Cenozoic stratigraphy of Peninsular Malaysia. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.)
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(East Johore Carboniferous metasediments unconformably overlain by Permian clastics, E-M Permian
limestones and ?Late Permian volcanics, intruded by Triassic-Jurassic granites)
Tamura, M. (1968)- Claraia from North Malaya, with a note on the distribution of Claraia in Southeas Asia. In:
T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (ed.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 5,
p. 78-87.
(Two species of Early Triassic (M Scythian) thin-shelled marine bivalve Claraia from S Kelantan, Malay
Peninsula)
Tamura, M., W. Hashimoto, H. Igo, T. Ishibashi, J. Iwai, T. Kobayashi, T.Koike, K.Pitakpaivan, T. Sato & E.H.
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Sarawak- E Sabah (some Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian, mainly Mesozoic, some Tertiary)
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(Peninsular Malaysia N-S trending, 13 km wide zone, probably representing Paleozoic accretionary prism)
Tjia, H.D. (1994)- Inversion tectonics in the Malay Basin: evidence and timing of events. Geol. Soc. Malaysia
Bull. 36, p. 119-126.
Tjia, H.D. (1996)- Tectonics of deformed and undeformed Jurassic-Cretaceous strata of Peninsular Malaysia.
Tjia, H.D. (1998)- Meridian-parallel faults and Tertiary basins of Sundaland. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 42, p.
101-118.
Tjia, H.D. (1998)- Origin and tectonic development of Malaya-Penyu-West Natuna basins. Geol. Soc. Malaysia
Bull. 42, p. 147-160.
Tjia, H.D. (1999)- Geological setting of Peninsular Malaysia. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and
resources of Malaysia, p. 141-169.
Tjia, H.D. (1999)- Pre-Tertiary hydrocarbon potential. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology and
resources of Malaysia, p. 605-635.
Tjia, H.D. (2000)- Tectonic and structural development of Cenozoic basins of Malaysia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia,
Proc. Ann. Geol. Conf. 2000, p. 3-16.
Tjia, H.D. (2010)- Growing evidence of active deformation in the Malay basin region. Geol. Soc. Malaysia,
Bull. 56, p. 35-40.
(Very young crustal movements in Malay basin region point to possibility of late reactivation of regional faults.
Malay basin originated in Late Cretaceous as aulacogen on Malay Dome, modified by sinistral transtensional
wrenching, post M Miocene transpression and general structural inversion. From Pliocene onward most of the
basin area considered tectonically quiet, but basement-rooted regional fault zones may intrude into PliocenePleistocene strata and almost reach seabed)
Tjia, H.D. & M.I. Ismail (1994)- Tectonic implications of well-bore breakouts in Malaysian basins. Geol. Soc.
Tjia, H.D. & K.K. Liew (1996)- Changes in tectonic stress field in northern Sunda shelf basins. In: R. Hall &
D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia, Geol Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 291-306.
(Tertiary basins of N Sunda Shelf underlain by normal and attenuated continental crust with moderate- high
geothermal gradients. In Malay basin, U Oligocene and younger sediments >12 km thick; other basins, 4- 8
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km thick. The Malay, Penyu and W Natuna basins are aulacogens meeting at triple junction that marks Late
Cretaceous hot spot in centre of Malay Dome. Sub-basins developed as pull-apart basins within regional, NNW striking, wrench fault zones. Initial basin subsidence Eocene-Oligocene, with extension prevailing until E
Miocene. M-Late Miocene regional compression caused inversions of basin-fill)
Uttarathiyang, T. & J.D. Pigott (2008)- The unexplored post rift Oligocene deltas frontier: North Malay Basin,
Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th
IGCP 516,and 5th APSEG, Bangkok 2008, 4 p.
(online at: http://www.geo.sc.chula.ac.th/Geology/Thai/News/Technique/GREAT_2008/PDF/110.pdf)
(Seismic stratigraphic study of deep post rift Oligocene deltas in Gulf of Thailand)
Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1940)- On the origin of some granites from Singapore. De Ingen. in Nederl. Indie 7, 2,
p. IV.23- IV.35.
(Description of granites that form core of Singapore island. Intrusive into clastic sediments with Triassic
fossils. Mainly discussion on the genesis of granites)
Wan Hasiah, A. & P. Abolins (1998)- Organic petrological and organic geochemical characterization of the
Tertiary coal-bearing sequence of Batu Arang, Selangor, Malaysia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16, p. 351-367.
Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff (1984)- Heat flow study in the Malay Basin. CCOP Tech. Publ. 15, p. 77-87.
Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff (1990)- Heat flow in offshore Malaysian basins. In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP
Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Tech. Publ. 21, p. 39-54.
(Heat flows over Malay and offshore Sarawak basins variable, from normal to very high (47- 136.6 mW/m2). In
Sabah and Sandakan basins values between 34.5- 64 mW/m2)
Waples, D.S. et al. (1995)(1999)- Implications of vitrinite-reflectance suppression for the tectonic and thermal
history of the Malay Basin. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 269-284.
Waples, D.S. & M. Ramly (1994)- A simple statistical method for correcting and standardizing heat flows and
subsurface temperatures derived from logs. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 253-267.
Watcharanantakul, R. & C.K. Morley (2000)- Syn-rift and post-rift modeling of the Pattani Basin, Thailand:
evidence for a ramp-flat detachment. Marine Petrol. Geol. 17, p. 937-958.
Woollands, M.A. & D. Haw (1976)- Tertiary stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Gulf of Thailand. SEAPEX
Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1976, paper 7, p. 1-22.
(Subdivide Tertiary of Gulf of Thailand into three major cycles of sedimentation)
Wong, R.H.F. (1999)- Petroleum resources, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum geology
and resources of Malaysia, p. 253-272.
Wong R. & S.S. Karimi (2001)- Occurrences of two major transgressive cycles in the North Malay Basin and
their impact on the deep reservoir potential. In: Proc. CCOP 37th Ann. Sess. Bangkok 2000, 2, Techn. Repts., p.
27-29.
(Two major transgressive cycles in N Malay Basin: (1) E-M Miocene Group I, H lower coastal plain sands
deepening and fining upwards to M Miocene Group F marine shales; (2) U Miocene Group E and D fluvial
coastal sands capped by Pliocene Group A/B marine shales. Sandy formation in Groups I, H, E, and D display
high amplitude, continuous seismic signature, shale-prone Groups F and A/B weak amplitude, discontinuous
seismic facies. Strong indication of deep reservoir potential below overpressured Group F shales)
Yakzan, M, H. Awalludin, M.N. Bahari & R.J. Morley (1996)- Integrated biostratigraphic zonation for the
Malay Basin. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 39, p 157-184.
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Yancey, T.E. (1975)- Evidence against Devonian unconformity and Middle Paleozoic age of Langkawi folding
phase in Northwest Malaya. AAPG Bull. 59, 6, p. 1015- 1019.
(No Devonian unconformity in NW Peninsular Malaysia/ Langkawi Islands. Age of Langkawi folding phase
probably post-Early Permian and pre-Early Triassic (This is on Sibumasu Blocks and coincides with collision
with E Malaya block; HvG))
Yancey, T.E. (1985)- Bivalvia of the H.S. Lee Formation (Permian) of Malaysia. J. Paleont. 59, 5, p. 12861297.
(Bivalves of 15m of H.S. Lee Fm section at H.S. Lee No. 8 tin mine, Kinta Valley, Perak, Malaysia, most diverse
Permian mollusc-dominated biota in Tethyan province: abundant giant clams of family Alatoconchidae and
highly diverse gastropod assemblage)
Yap, C.B. & R. Wong (1997)- Some possible new exploration ideas in the northern and western Malay Basin of
peninsular Malaysia. Proc. ASCOPE 97 Conf., 2, p. 177-192.
Yap, F.L. (1986)- Age determination on the Kuantan granite and dolerite dykes. In: G.H. Teh & S.
Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 415422.
Yap, S.F. & U. Said (2002)- Palynological study on a rock sequence at Bandar Tenggara, Johore Geol. Soc.
Yeap, E.B. (1993)- Tin and gold mineralizations in peninsula Malaysia and their relationships to the tectonic
development. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, 4, p. 329-348.
(Tin and gold mineralizations in Peninsular Malaysia several juxtaposed and overlapping belts. Tin deposits
genetically related to Late Triassic S-type granites)
Zainul, A.J.B. et al. (1999)- Overview of petroleum resources of Malaysia. In: Petronas (1999)- The petroleum
geology and resources of Malaysia, p. 35-58.
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IX.3. SE Asia mainland (Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, SW China)

Achalabhuti, C. (1981)- Offshore hydrocarbon production and potential of Thailand. In: Proc. of EAPI/CCOP
Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1247-1254.
(Four commercial gas/condensate fields delineated in the Gulf of Thailand with gas reserves of >7 TCF. Small
amounts of crude oil also encountered in some wells. Deep water drilling inAndaman Sea revealed Tertiary
source beds mainly immature. Pre-Tertiary sedimentary basins beneath offshore areas of Andaman Sea and
Gulf of Thailand more favorable for hydrocarbon potential)
Achache, J. & V. Courtillot (1985)- A preliminary Upper Triassic paleomagnetic pole for the Khorat plateau
(Thailand): consequences for the accretion of Indochina against Eurasia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 1, p. 147157.
(Paleomagnetic results from U Triassic (Norian) Huai Hin Lat Fm at base of Khorat Group in C Thailand
suggest this unit remained at tropical northern latitudes since Late Triassic. Comparison with Eurasian poles
reveals 1650 850 km of SW-NE convergence and 15 10 of CCW rotation between 205-160 Ma)
Adachi, S., H. Igo, A. Ampornmaha & N. Nakornsri (1993)- Triassic coral buildups observed in the Chaiburi
Formation near Phattalung, Peninsular Thailand. Ann. Rept. Inst. Geosci. Univ. Tsukuba 19, p. 27-31.
Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2006)- Lower Devonian tentaculite bed in the Satun
area, southern peninsular Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 26, p. 605-611.
(Lower Devonian (Emsian) tentaculite fauna including Nowakia acuaria in black shale in basal part of
siliciclastic sequence N of Satun, southern peninsular Thailand. Similar E Devonian black tentaculites shale
present from N Thailand to NW Malaysia (Langkawi Islands and Mahang-Baling))
Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2006)- Ordovician-Silurian boundary graptolites of the
Satun area, southern peninsular Thailand. Paleontological Res. 10, 3 p. 207-214.
(online at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prpsj/10/3/207/_pdf)
(Black shale N of Satun, S Peninsular Thailand, lies upon Upper Ordovician limestone and rich in graptolites,
including Normalograptus pseudovenustus, index species for interval around Ordovician-Silurian boundary)
Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2007)- Ordovician conodonts from the Satun area,
Southern Peninsular Thailand. J. Paleont. 81, p. 19-37.
(Well-preserved Ordovician conodonts from micritic limestone in Satun area of S peninsular Thailand. Faunas
have N Atlantic Realm affinities, some of these faunas also reported from S China. Conodont-bearing limestone
deposited on continental margin of NE Gondwana)
Agematsu S., K. Sashida, S. Salyapongse & A. Sardsud (2008)- Early Ordovician conodonts from Tarutao
Island, Southern Peninsular Thailand. Palaeontology 51, 6, p.1435-1453.
(Early Ordovician conodont faunas from E Tremadocian - M Arenig Thung Song Fm on Tarutao Island 14
known and 8 undescribed species. Three zones: Rossodus manitouensis Zone, Utahconus tarutaoensis Zone and
Filodontus tenuis Zone, . Deposited on deeper-shelf; S2 member limestone and shale shallow-water)
Ahrendt, H., C. Chonglakmany, B.T. Hansen & D. Helmcke (1993)- Geochronological cross section through
Northern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 207-217.
Alam, M., M.M. Alam, J.R. Curray, M.L.R. Chowdhury& M.R. Gani (2003)- An overview of the sedimentary
geology of the Bengal Basin in relation to the regional tectonic framework and basin-fill history. Sedim. Geol.
155, p. 179-208.
(Bengal Basin at junction of juncture of three interacting plates: Indian, Burma and Tibetan (Eurasian) Plates.
Major switch in sedimentation pattern during M Eocene- E Miocene as result of collision of India with Burma
and Tibetan Blocks. By M Miocene, with continuing collision events and uplift in Himalayas and Indo-Burman
Ranges a huge influx of clastic sediments came into basin from NE and E. From Pliocene onwards, large
amounts of sediment filling basin from W and NW)
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Altermann, W.W. (1986)- The Upper Palaeozoic pebbly mudstone facies of peninsular Thailand and western
Malaysia- continental margin deposits of Palaeoeurasia. Geol. Rundschau 75, 2, p. 371-381.
(Questions the glacial origin of Carboniferous-Lower Permian 'pebbly mudstones' of Phuket Group/ Singha Fm
of S Thailand/ NW Malaysia. See also comments by Stauffer & Lee 1986)
Altermann, W.W. (1989)- Facies development in the Permian Phetchabun Basin, Central Thailand. Verlag
Wissenschaft und Bildung, 234 p.
Altermann, W.W. (1991)- New Permo-Carboniferous geochemical data from central Thailand: implication for a
volcanic arc model. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 87, p. 191-210.
(On implications for SE Asia geotectonic reconstructions of new data on Late Carboniferous- M Permian
quartz- keratophyric to spilitic volcanics from C Thailand. Volcanic rocks associated with platform carbonates
and deep basin sediments suggest Late Paleozoic volcanic arc and subduction zone in West)
Ampaiwan, T., P. Churasiri $ C. Kunwasi (2003)- Palynology of coal-bearing units in the Mae Ramat Basin,
Tak Province, Northern Thailand: implications for the paleoclimate and the paleoenvironment. Nat. Hist. J.
Chulalongkorn University 3, 2, p. 19-40.
(online at: http://www2.biology.sc.chula.ac.th/web%20of%20NHJCU%20PDF/3-2,%2019-40.pdf)
(Palynology of lacustrine shale core from Mae Ramat Basin. Exact age of sequence cannot be assigned, but
was deduced from paleoclimate and time ranges of fossils as Early Miocene)
Ampaiwan, T., K.I. Hisada & P. Charusiri (2009)- Lower Permian glacially influenced deposits in Phuket and
adjacent islands, peninsular Thailand. Island Arc 18, 1, p. 52-68.
(Dropstones and dump structures from Lower Permian diamictite-bearing sequence at Phuket and adjacent
islands suggests sediments originated as glaciomarine (Basal Ko Sire Fm, up to 400m thick) and debris-flow
deposits (Ko He Fm; ~400 m thick). Evidence of glacially influenced environment supports paleogeographic
interpretation of Sibumasu block at NW Australian margin of Gondwana)
Ampornmaha, A. (1995)- Triassic carbonate rocks in the Phattalung area, Peninsular Thailand. J. Southeast
Asian Earth Sci. 11, 3, p. 225-236.
Carbonates near Phatthalung and others areas in Peninsular Thailand known as Permian Rat Buri Lst, but of
Triassic age and here renamed Chaiburi Fm. Three members: basal Dienerian- Smithian dolomite with
conodonts Neospathodus kummeli, N. waageni , etc., middle bedded limestone with thin chert layers and
nodules with latest Spathian- M Anisian Neospathodus timorensis, N kockeli and Neogondolella bulgarica and
Carnian massive limestone with coral buildups)
Archbold, N.W. (1999)-. Additional records of Permian brachiopods from near Rat Buri, Thailand. Proc. Royal
Soc. Victoria 111, p. 71-86.
Asama K, N. Nakornsri, C. Hinthong & S. Sinsakul (1981)- Some younger Mesozoic plants from Trang,
southern Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 22, University of Tokyo Press, p. 35-47.
Asnachinda, P. (1978)- Tin mineralization in the Burmese-Malayan Peninsula. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third
Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p. 293-299.
Baird A. & D. Bosence (1993)- The sedimentological and diagenetic evolution of the Ratburi Limestone,
Peninsular Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 173-180.
(late Middle- early Late Permian Ratburi Lst in Peninsular Thailand is warm-water carbonate deposit in
platform setting, suggesting Shan Thai (=Sibumasu) craton in low latitude position at this time. Platform
topography and facies distribution controlled by extensional tectonics. Early dolomitisation, followed by
karstification, in response to uplift of Late Permian Indosinian orogeny. Petroleum potential from long karst
history (Late Permian- present day) and source potential of platform carbonate mudstone. E-dipping
subduction of Indian Ocean Plate resulted in granite magmatism in peninsula during Cretaceous)
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Bal, A.A., H.M. Burgisser, D.K.Harris, M.A. Herber, S.M. Rigby, S. Thumprasertwong & F.J. Winkler (1992)The Tertiary Phitsanulok lacustrine basin, Thailand. In: Proc. Geological resources of Thailand: potential for
future development, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok 1992, p. 247-258.
Bannert, D., A. Sang Lyen & T. Htay (2011)- The geology of the Indoburman Ranges in Myanmar. Geol.
Jahrbuch B 101, p. 1-101.
Barber, A.J., M.F. Ridd & M.J. Crow (2011)- The origin, movement and assembly of the pre-Tertiary tectonic
units of Thailand. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London,
Mem., p. 507-537.
Barley, M.E., A.L. Pickard, K. Zaw, P. Rak & M.G. Doyle (2003)- Jurassic to Miocene magmatism and
metamorphism in the Mogok metamorphic belt and the IndiaEurasia collision in Myanmar. Tectonics 22, 3,
1019, p. 1-11.
(Mogok metamorphic belt at W margin of Shan-Thai terrane. Deformed granitic orthogneisses contain Jurassic
(170 Ma) zircons, partly recrystallized during 43 Ma high-grade metamorphism. Syenite from Mandalay
Hill also with Jurassic zircons with evidence of Eocene metamorphic recrystallization rimmed by thin zones of
~31 Ma magmatic zircon. Abundance of Jurassic zircons consistent with Andean-type margin at S Eurasia at
that time. Mid-Cretaceous- E Eocene (120-50 Ma) I-type granitoids in the MMB and W Myanmar confirm up to
200 km wide magmatic belt along Eurasian margin from Pakistan to Sumatra)
Barr, S.M. & P. Charusiri (2011)- Volcanic rocks. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology
of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 415-439.
Barr, S.M. & A.S. MacDonald (1991)- Toward a late Palaeozoic-early Mesozoic tectonic model for Thailand. J.
Thai Geosciences 1991, 1, p. 11-22.
Barr, S.M., A.S. Macdonald, D.R. Dunning & W. Yaowanoiyothin (1993)- The Doi-Inthanon metamorphic core
complex in NW Thailand: age and tectonic significance. In: GEOSEA VII Conf., Bangkok 1991, J. Southeast
(Doi Inthanon complex in belt of high-grade gneissic rocks along W mountain ranges of Thailand. Domeshaped orthogneissic core, mantled by mylonitic paragneisses, separated by detachment surfaces from cover of
mainly E Paleozoic low-grade to unmetamorphosed sediments. Zircon from core orthogneiss suggests
derivation from Late Triassic-E Jurassic granitic protolith, with high-grade metamorphism in Late Cretaceous.
Development of complex between Late Cretaceous and Miocene, in response to major crustal thinning)
Barr, S.M., A.S. Macdonald, D.R. Dunning, P. Ounchanum & W.Yaowanoiyothin (2000)- U-Pb (zircon) age,
and paleotectonic setting of the Lampang volcanic belt, northern Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. London 157, p. 553563.
Barr, S.M., C. Tantisukrit, W. Yaowanoiyothin & A.S. Macdonald (1990)- Petrology and tectonic implications
of Upper Palaeozoic volcanic rocks of the Chiang Mai belt, northern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4,
p. 37-47.
Bastin, H., E. Braun, A. Hess, K.E. Koch, V. Stein, D. Stoppel & R. Wolfart (1970)- Silurian and early
Devonian biostratigraphy in northwestern Thailand. Newslett. Stratigraphy 1,p. 25-32.
(Silurian and E Devonian graptolites from Paleotethys suture zone melange between Shan-Tai (=Sibumasu)
and Indochina terranes)
Baum, F., E von Braun, A. Hess, K.E. Koch, G. Kruse, H. Quarch & M. Siebenhuner (1970)- On the geology of
northern Thailand. Beih. Geol. Jahrbuch 102, 23 p.
Bender, F. (1983)- Geology of Burma. Beitrage Regionalen Geologie der Erde 16, Borntrager, Berlin, 293p.
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Benammi, M., Y. Chaimanee, J.J. Jaeger, V. Suteethorn & S. Ducrocq (2001)- Eocene Krabi basin (southern
Thailand): paleontology and magnetostratigraphy. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 113, 2, p. 265-273.
(Late Eocene Krabi section from Krabi basin ~105 m of siltstones, sandstones, claystones, lignites, and
limestones. Mammalian biostratigraphy indicates Late Eocene age. Correlation of magnetostratigraphy to
Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale suggests age of section between 31 -34 Ma)
Benammi, M., Chaimanee, Y., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J. & J.J. Jaeger (2004)- Magnetostratigraphic study of the
continental sedimentary sequence of Chiang Muan Basin, northern Thailand: implication for the age of the first
Miocene hominoids from Thailand. Int. Geol. Rev. 46, p. 646-654,
Benammi, M., J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, L.M. Alva-Valdivia,Y. Chaimanee, S. Triamwichanon & J.J. Jaeger
(2002)- Magnetostratigraphy of the middle Miocene continental sedimentary sequences of the Mae Moh Basin
in northern Thailand: evidence for counterclockwise block rotation: Earth Planet. Sci. Letters 204, p. 373-383.
Bhargava, O.N. (1987)- Stratigraphy, microfacies and palaeoenvironment of the Lilang Group (ScythianDogger), Spiti Valley, Himachal Himalaya, India. J. Paleont. Soc. India 32, p. 92-107.
(Online at: http://palaeontologicalsociety.in/vol32/v9.pdf. Triassic- M Jurassic shelfal carbonate-doninated
succession at N margin of Greater India Plate in Himalayas, once contigous with Australian NW Shelf margin)
Booth, J. (2011)- The Nakhon Thai Ranges fold-belt in northern Thailand- evolution of a Late Palaeozoic play
from concept to drillable prospects. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 22, 38p. (Presentation
package)
Booth, J. & N. Sattayarak (2011)- Subsurface Carboniferous- Cretaceous geology of NE Thailand. In: M.F.
Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 185-222.
Boucot, A.J., L.R.M. Cocks & P.R. Racheboeuf (1999)- Early Devonian brachiopods from Satun Province,
Southern Thailand. J. Paleontology 73, 5, p. 850-859.
(Brachiopods from E Devonian (Emsian) Pa Samed Fm mudstones of S Thailand, on Shan Tai/ Sibumasu Block.
Represent deeper-water benthic assemblages. Can not be assigned to particular biogeographic region)
Brown, G.F., S. Buravas, J. Charaljavanaphet, N. Jalichandra, W.D. Johnston et al. (1951)- Geologic
reconnaissance of the mineral deposits of Thailand. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 984, p. 1-183.
(online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0984/report.pdf)
Bruhwiler, T., N. Goudemand, T. Galfetti, H. Bucher, A. Baud, D. Ware, E. Hermann, P.A. Hochuli & R.
Martini (2009)- The Lower Triassic sedimentary and carbon isotope records from Tulong (South Tibet) and
their significance for Tethyan palaeoceanography. Sediment. Geol. 222, p. 314-332.
Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1970)- Contributions to the post-Silurian geology of Burma (Northern Shan States and
Karen state). J. Geol. Soc. Australia 17, 1, p. 59-79.
Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1974)- Indoburman Ranges- data for orogenic studies. In: A.M. Spencer (ed.) MesozoicCenozoic orogenic belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 279-299.
Buffetaut, E. & R. Ingavat (1982)- Phytosaur remains (Reptilia, Thecodontia) from the Upper Triassic of NorthEastern Thailand. Geobios 15, 1, p. 7-15.
(Late Triassic vertebrate fragments of phytosaurs (related to Belodon, Rutiodon) at Chulabhorn Dam suggest
NE Thailand already biogeographically part of Laurasia in Late Triassic)
Buffetaut, E.H. & V. Suteethorn (1998)- The biogeographical significance of the Mesozoic vertebrate from
Thailand. In: R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds.) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, Backhuys
Publ., Leiden, p. 83-90.
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(Late Triassic- Early Cretaceous non-marine vertebrates of Thailand show relationships to Eurasian and
Chinese faunas)
Buffetaut, E.H., H. Tong & V. Suteethorn (1994)- First post-Triassic labyrinthodont amphibian in Southeast
Asia: a temnospondyl intercentrum from Jurassic of Thailand. Neues Jahrbuch Geol. Pal. 11, p. 659-666.
Bunjitradulya, S. (1978)- A review of the Lower Palaeozoic rock of Thailand. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third
Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p. 721-730.
Bunopas, S. (1976)- On the stratigraphic successions in Thailand- a preliminary summary. J. Geol. Soc.
Thailand 2, p. 31-58.
Bunopas, S. (1981)- Paleogeographic history of western Thailand and adjacent parts of South-East Asia- a plate
tectonics interpretation. Ph.D. Thesis Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, p. 1-810.
Bunopas, S. (1982)- Palaeogeographic history of Western Thailand and adjacent parts of Southeast Asia- a plate
tectonics interpretation. Geol. Survey Paper No. 5. Dept. Min. Res., Bangkok, 810 p.
(Reprint of thesis above)
Bunopas, S. (1983)- Paleozoic succession in Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on
stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 39-76.
Bunopas, S. (1994)- Regional stratigraphy, paleogeographic and tectonic events of Thailand and continental
Southeast Asia. In: P. Angsuwathana et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symposium on stratigraphic correlation of Southeast
Asia, Bangkok, p. 2-24. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/6936.pdf)
Bunopas, S. & P. Vella (1978)- Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic structural evolution of northern Thailand, a plate
tectonics model. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p.
133-140.
Bunopas, S. & P. Vella (1983)- Tectonic and geologic evolution of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.)
Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand and
Geol. Soc. Malaysia, p. 307-322.
(Thailand consists of two microcontinents: Shan-Tai and Sukhotai foldbelt (=Sibumasu) in W and Indochina
and eastern foldbelt in E. Both cratonic fragments derived from Australian Gondwana in Paleozoic, and
sutured in M-L Triassic. Gulf of Thailand formed by Late Cretaceous- E Tertiary rifting- spreading)
Burri, P. (1989)- Hydrocarbon potential of Tertiary intermontane basins of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak &
P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symposium on intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai, p. 3-12.
Burrett, C.F., S.P. Carey & T. Wongwanich (1986)- A Siluro-Devonian carbonate sequence in northern
Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, 4, p. 215-220.
(220 m thick Silurian-M Devonian calcarenites-calcisiltites at Mae Ping, 100 km S of Chiang Mai. Overlie
tentaculitid shale and with abundant orthoconic nautiloids also known from S Europe and Australia)
Burton, C.K. (1967)- Graptolite and tentaculite corelations and palaeogeography of the Silurian and Devonian
in the Yunnan- Malaya geosyncline. Trans. Proc. Paleont. Soc. Japan, N.S. 65, p. 27-46.
(Silurian-Devonian deeper marine graptolites and tentaculites found from W Yunnan (S China)- E Burma-W
Thailand into NW Malay Peninsula (incl. Langkawi) (=Sibumasu Block))
Burton, C.K. (1974)- Peninsular Thailand. In: A.M. Spencer (ed.) Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts, Geol.
Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 301-315.
(Older overview of Triassic-Jurassic Yunnan-Malayan orogeny of W Thailand in terms of geosynclinal theory)
43
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Burton, C.K. (1986)- The Kanchanaburi supergroup of Peninsular and Western Thailand. In: G.H. Teh & S.
Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 311361.
Canham A.C., M.A. Love, A. Racey & S. Polachan (1996)- Stratigraphy and reservoir potential of the Mesozoic
Khorat Group, NE Thailand: Part 2: Diagenesis and reservoir quality. J. Petrol. Geol. 19, p. 321-338.
(Khorat Gp Cretaceous continental red-beds, unconformably over lithologically-similar Nam Phong Fm.
Reservoir quality decreases with increasing age due to burial compaction and diagenesis. Maximum burial
depth >7 km. Porosities from 11% in uppermost Khorat Gp to 4.9% in Nam Phong Fm. Ratio of secondary
grain-dissolution porosity to primary porosity increases with age)
Cao, R.G. (1986)- Discovery of Late Carboniferous glacial-marine deposits in Western Yunnan. Geol. Rev. 32,
p. 236-242.
Caridroit, M. (1993)- Permian radiolaria from NW Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Proc. Int. Symp.
Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia, facies and paleontology 1, Chiang Mai University, p. 83-96.
Caridroit, M., D. Bohlke. & A. Lamchuan (1993)- A mixed radiolarian fauna (Permian/Triassic) from clastics
of the Mae Sariang area, northwestern Thailand. In T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Proc. Int. Symposium on
Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology (BIOSEA), Chiang Mai, 2, p. 401413.
Caridroit, M., H. Fontaine,V. Suteethorn & D. Vachard (1990)- New paleontological data on the Carboniferous
and Permian of NW Thailand. In: Ten years of CCOP research on the pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP.,
Special Vol., p. 337-351.
Caridroit, M., D. Vachard & H. Fontaine (1992)- Datations par radiolaires (Carbonifere, Permien et Trias) en
Thailande nord-occidentale. Mise en evidence de nappes de charriage et d'olistostromes. Compte Rendu Acad.
Sci. Paris 314, p. 515-520.
Cariou, E. & R. Enay (1999)- Les ammonites du Bathonien et du Callovien de Thakkhola (Nepal central):
biochronologie et interet paleobiogeographique. Geobios 32, 5, p. 701-726.
(Bathonian-Callovian Ammonites from Thakkhola, C. Nepal: biochronology and palaeobiogeographical
aspects. Late Bathonian faunas dominated by Macrocephalitinae, like those from Sula Islands, New Guinea
and considered until now as endemic in that area. Presence in Nepal gives evidence of early phase of W-ward
migration of Macrocephalitinae along Gondwana N margin from roots in SW Pacific region)
Carter, A. & C.S. Bristow (2003)- Linking hinterland evolution and continental basin sedimentation by using
detrital zircon thermochronology: a study of the Khorat Plateau Basin, eastern Thailand. Basin Res. 15, p. 271285.
(Khorat Plateau Basin, E Thailand, U-Pb and fission-track (FT) zircon data from Phu Kradung Fm age peaks
at 141 17 and 210 24 Ma (FT) and 2456, 2001, 251 and 168 Ma (U-Pb). FT data record post-metamorphic
cooling, U-Pb data record zircon growth events. U-Pb zircon ages consistent with Qinling Orogenic Belt as
source for Khorat Basin sediments. Zircon FT cooling peaks between 114 6 (Phra Wihan Fm) and 141 17
Ma (Phu Kradung Fm), corresponding to Late Jurassic-E Cretaceous reactivation event, which affected
Qinling Belt. Early Cretaceous erosion from collision between Lhasa Block and Eurasia)
Carter, A., C.S. Bristow & A. Hurford (1995)- Constraints on the thermal history and provenance of the Khorat
Group in Thailand using Fission Track Analysis. In: Proc. IGCP Symposium on Geology of SE Asia, Hanoi
1995, J. Geology B, 1995, 5/6, p. 342-353.
(Khorat Gp on Khorat Plateau up to 4000m thick redbed sequence of Cretaceous age. Zircon fission track data
show two age peaks: major Late Triassic (~195 Ma), lesser ~109, 135, 158 Ma ages. Increase in zircon ages
through Khorat Group suggest progressive unroofing in foreland basin)
44
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Carter, A. & P.D. Clift (2008)- Was the Indosinian orogeny a Triassic mountain building or a thermotectonic
reactivation event? Comptes Rendus Geoscience 340, p. 83-93.
(No definitive evidence for Triassic age of collision between Indochina and S China blocks. Indosinian event in
S China/ Vietnam is reactivation event caused by closure of Palaeotethys with accretion of Sibumasu block to
Indochina in E-M Triassic (~250-220 Ma))
Carter, A., D. Roques, C. Bristow & P. Kinny (2001)- Understanding Mesozoic accretion in Southeast Asia:
significance of Triassic thermotectonism (Indosinian orogeny) in Vietnam. Geology 29, 3, p. 211-214.
(Zircon U-Pb study of metamorphic basement of Vietnam show large part was affected by short-lived episode
of ductile deformation and high T metamorphism between 258 6 Ma and 243 5 Ma (Late Permian- earliest
Triassic), caused by accretion of Sibumasu to Indochina- S China ('Indosinian Orogeny'). Coincident with
final N-S China collision (Qinling orogenesis))
Chaodumrong, P., Y. Ukakimapan, S. Snansieng, S. Janmaha et al. (1983)- A review of the Tertiary
sedimentary rocks of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation
of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 159-187.
(In Thailand 61 small intermontane and larger basins, with mainly lacustrine and fluvial sediments)
Chaodumrong, P., X. Wang & S. Shen (2007)- Permian lithostratigraphy of the Shan-Tai terrane in Thailand:
revision of the Kaeng Krachan and Ratburi Groups. In: GEOTHAI07 Int. Conf. Geology of Thailand, Bangkok
2007, p. 229-236. (online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/Proceedings/M_1/2007/12727.pdf)
(Revision of Permian stratigraphy of clastics-dominated Asselian-Kungurian Kaeng Krachan Gp and overlying
carbonates of Roadian-Wuchiapingian Ratburi Gp. Ratburi Gp contains fusulinids Pseudofusilina and
Eopolydiexodina sp. and small foram Shanita. Can be traced from Malaysia, through peninsular Thailand,
Myanmar, W Yunnan to Lhasa)
Charusiri, P., A.H. Clark, E. Farrar, D. Archibald & B. Charusiri (1993)- Granite belts in Thailand: evidence
from the 40Ar/39Ar geochronological and geological syntheses. In: 7th Reg. Congr. Geology, Mineral and
Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, GEOSEA 7, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 127-136.
(Three granitoid belts of Thailand formed in different geotectonic environments. E Belt formed in Triassic
(245-210 Ma), C Belt in Late Triassic - M Jurassic (220-180 Ma), and W Belt in Late Cretaceous- M Tertiary
(80-50 Ma). S-type granitoid rocks in W and C belts result of Shan-Thai/Indo-China and Shan-Thai/ W Burma
microcontinental plate collisions. I-type granitoids of E belt, formed as result of subduction of oceanic
lithospherie under Shan-Thai and Indo-China microcontinents)
Charusiri, P., V. Daorerk & D. Archibald, K. Hisada & T. Ampaiwan (2002)- Geotectonic evolution of
Thailand: a new synthesis. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 1, p. 1-20.
Charusiri, P., S. Imsamut, Z. Zhuang, T. Ampaiwan & X. Xu (2006)- Paleomagnetism of the earliest Cretaceous
to early late Cretaceous sandstones, Khorat Group, Northeast Thailand: implications for tectonic plate
movement of the Indochina block. Gondwana Res. 9, p. 310-325.
(Paleomagnetic study of samples from earliest Cretaceous to early Late Cretaceous sandstones of Khorat Gp in
Indochina block suggest paleolatitude similar to today. Major displacement of Indochina along Red River and
associated faults by ~950 km with 16-17 CW rotation relative S China plate in earliest Cretaceous. Indochina
plate rotated 20-25 CW since very Late Cretaceous-E Neogene, may be due to India-Asia collision)
Charvet, J., H. Lapierre & Y. Yu (1994)- Geodynamic significance of the Mesozoic volcanism of southeastern
China. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 4, p. 387-396.
(Two main magmatic episodes during Yenshanian cycle, separated by tectonic event: (1) Late Jurassic-M
Cretaceous; (2) Late Cretaceous bimodal suite of continental basalts and acidic rocks, separated by angular
unconformity. Geodynamic evolution: (1) subduction of Izanagi plate beneath E Asian continental margin until
M Cretaceous; (2) collision with W Philippines Block around E-L Cretaceous boundary; (3) post-collisional
extension and onset of rifting during Late Cretaceous)
45
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Chen, B. & G. Xie (1994)- Evolution of the Tethys in Yunnan and Tibet . J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 9, 4, p.
349-354.
(Five ophiolite belts in Yunnan and Tibet, two represent Paleotethys and two Mesotethys. Lancangjiang belt is
suture between Gondwana and Eurasia (N limit of Glossopteris flora and cool-water faunas). Palaeotethys
closed in Late Permian, resulting in extention of W margin of Yangtze plate. Mesotethys opened after closure
of Paleotethys and disappeared at end Mesozoic)
Chen, F., X.H. Li, X.L. Wang, Q.L. Li & W. Siebel (2007)- Zircon age and NdHf isotopic composition of the
Yunnan Tethyan belt, southwestern China. Int. J. Earth Sci. 96, 6, p. 1179-1194.
(Baoshan block, SW China, is N part of Sibumasu microcontinent. Zircon ages and Nd-Hf isotopic composition
of granites show granites formed in E Paleozoic (~470 Ma) and Latest Cretaceous- E Paleocene (Yanshanian;
~ 78-61 Ma). E Paleozoic granite contains Archean- Mesoproterozoic inherited zircons, clustering around
1,900-1,800 and 1,600-1,400 Ma. Yanshanian magmatism related to closure of Neotethys ocean)
Chinbunchorn, N., S. Pradidtan & N. Sattayarak (1989)- Petroleum potential of Tertiary intermontane basins in
Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. Intermontane basins: geology and
resources, Chiang Mai, p. 29-42.
Chinoroje, O. (1993)- Petrographic studies of Permian carbonates in Southern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian
Earth Sci. 8, p. 161-171.
Chitnarin, A., S. Crasquin, C. Chonglakmani, J. Broutin, P. J. Grote & N. Thanee (2008)- Middle Permian
Ostracods from Tak Fa Limestone, Phetchabun Province, Central Thailand. Geobios 41, 3, p. 341-353.
(First Permian ostracod fauna described from Thailand, from M Permian Tak Fa Lst in Phetchabun province,
C Thailand. Shallow marine, nearshore assemblages. 15 species mainly endemic, except one, which shows
paleobiogeographic links between C Thailand and S China)
Chonglakmani, C. (1983)- The marine Mesozoic stratigraphy of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.)
105-126.
(Marine Mesozoic rel. widespread in W Thailand (mainly non-marine in NE). Mainly Triassic, also complete
Jurassic section)
Chonglakmani, C. (1985)- Report on work done along SEATAR Transect-1. Proc. 21st Sess. CCOP, Bandung
1984, 2, Techn. repts., p. 144-162.
Chonglakmani, C. (1999)- The Triassic system of Thailand: implication on geotectonic evolution of Southeast
Asia. In: Proc. GEOSEA 98, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 43, p. 95-102.
Chonglakmani, C. (2011)- Triassic. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand,
Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 137-150.
Chonglakmani, C., W.W. Duan & H.Fontaine (1993)- Note on the continental deposits of Peninsular Thailand
with a description of some conchostracans. Oil and Gas Geology 11,1, p. 31-37.
(Conchostracans collected from continental sediments halfway between Trong and Krabi dominated by
Pseudograpta spp and probably of late M Jurassic age. Associaaated with plants, crocodile teeth, etc.)
Chonglakmani, C. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1993)- Biostratigraphy and facies variation of the marine Triassic
sequences in Thailand. Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang
Mai 1993, Chiang Mai University, 1, p. 97-123.
(Relatively complete marine Triassic section in Thailand >3000m thick. Twelve faunal zones, mainly based on
bivalve molluscs; ammonoids relatively rare)
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Chonglakmani, C. & D. Helmcke (2001)- Geodynamic evolution of Loei and Phetchabun regions- does the
discovery of detrital chromian spinels from the Nam Duk Formation (Permian, North-Central Thailand) provide
new constraint? Gondwana Res. 4, 3, p. 437-442.
(Chromian spinel in Permian Nam Duk Fm sandstones confirms erosion of mountain belt. Could be detritus
from older orogen in E (in which case Nam Duk Fm represents passive continental margin of 'Indochina
craton') or, more likely, sedimentary wedge associated with M-U Permian compressional deformation/uplift
further W (Nan-Uttaradit region))
Choowong, M. (2011)- Quaternary. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand,
Chutakositkanon, V. & K. Hisada (2008)- Tectono-stratigraphy of the Sa Kaeo-Chanthaburi accretionary
complex, Eastern Thailand: reconstruction of tectonic evolution of oceanic plate- Indochina collision. In: Proc.
Int. Symp. Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th
APSEG, Bangkok 2008, p. 330-338.
(Sa Kaeo suture in E Thailand formerly proposed to be collision zone between Sibumasu and Indochina blocks.
Redefined as Sa Kaeo-Chanthaburi Accretionary Complex: melange with Late Paleozoic blocks, characterized
by oceanic plate materials (OPM) of basalt lava and overlying chert with seamount-typed limestone,
subducted/accreted to W edge of Indochina in latest Permian, covered by turbidite deposits in M Triassic)
Cobbing, E.J. (2011)- Granitic rocks. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand,
Cocks, L.R.M. & R.A. Fortey (1997)- A new Hirnantia fauna from Thailand and the biogeography of the latest
Ordovician of south-east Asia. Geobios 30, Suppl. 1,p. 117-126.
(New occurrence of widespread latest Ashgill Hirnantia shelly fauna from S Thailand. Fauna similar to N Shan
States, Myanmar and to S China, indicating that Sibumasu (Shan-Thai) palaeocontinent, on which Thailand and
N Shan States were situated in Ordovician and Silurian closer to S China than previously supposed)
Cooper, M.A., R. Herbert & G.S. Hill (1989)- The structural evolution of Triassic intermontane basins in
Northeastern Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. on Intermontane basins:
geology and resources, Chiang Mai 1989, p. 231-242.
(Description of NE Thailand Late Triassic half-grabens filled with fluvial sediments, explained as collapse
following Late Permian- E Triassic 'Indosinian' Shan Tai- Indochina plates collision. Overlain by sag-phase
Jurassic- Cretaceous continental sediments of Khorat Gp. Basin system inverted during Late Cretaceous- E
Tertiary compression caused by Kohistan Arc collision (=W Burma plate?))
Coster, P., M. Benammi, Y. Chaimanee, C. Yamee O. Chavasseau, E.G. Emonet & J.J. Jaeger (2010)- A
complete magnetic-polarity stratigraphy of the Miocene continental deposits of Mae Moh Basin, northern
Thailand, and a reassessment of the age of hominoid-bearing localities in northern Thailand. Geol. Soc.
America Bull., 26568, 12p.
(N Thailand has >40 Tertiary intermontane basins. Some contain hominoid fossils and rich Neogene mammal
faunas. Magnetic-polarity stratigraphy used for age calibration in Mae Moh Basin, Lampang Province. 15
polarity zones recognized between 14.1- 12.0 Ma. Correlation with nearby Chiang Muan basin suggest age of
beds with large-bodied hominoid Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis is between 12.4- 12.2 Ma)
Crow, M.J. (2011)- Radiometric ages of Thailand rocks. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The
Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 593-614.
Crow, M.J. & K. Zaw (2011)- Metalliferous minerals. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The
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Cullen, P.J., P.L. Birch, S.C. Wright, C.J. Keamey & A.T. Pink (1997)- Exploration in the Savannakhet Basin,
Peoples Democratic Republic of Laos. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Conf. Petroleum Systems of
SE Asia and Australasia, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 425-447.
(Collision of Indochina Block with S China Plate in E Carboniferous led to initiation of Khorat Basin as
foreland basin to Annamitic fold-belt of NE Vietnam. Subsequent Permo-Triassic collision of Shan-Thai plate
from W trapped Indochina Block between converging thrust-fold belts. Marine clastic foredeep and carbonate
foreland ramp sedimentation gave way to continental foreland basin deposition across Mesozoic Khorat
intermontane basin. Later collision of Lhasa/Myanmar Block and Indian Plate from W rejuvenated earlier
compressional structures and propagated fold belts into foreland, resulting in isolation of sub-basins including
Savannakhet Basin. Three hydrocarbon plays identified: Palaeozoic carbonate play analogous to Khorat
Plateau play of Thailand, Triassic clastic play, and E Jurassic Khorat Group clastics play)
Dawson, O.T. (1978)- Depositional and diagenetic fabrics of Permian limestone from Saraburi, Central
Thailand. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia,Bangkok 1978, p. 47-60.
(Study of 1400m of Permian Ratburi Lst, N of Saraburi, C Thailand. Fusulinid faunas can be correlated with
Misellina, Neoschwagerina zones of Tethyan Realm)
Dawson, O. (1993)- Fusiline foraminiferal biostratigraphy and carbonate facies of the Permian Ratburi
Limestone, Saraburi, central Thailand. J. Micropalaeontology 12, p. 9-33.
(Succession of Permian carbonates outcropping along N of Saraburi, C Thailand, yielded rich E Permian
(Sakmarian) to early Late Permian (Midian) fusuline-algal assemblages. Six facies unit. Archaeolithoporella
and Tubiphytes form major reef frameworks analogous to M Permian reefs of Austria and W Texas. Associated
dasycladacean floras assignable to E Circum-Pacific Realm, fusiline faunas Arctic-Tethyan affinities in E
Permian and Tethyan affinities in M Permian. Eight fusuline assemblage zones)
Dawson, O., A. Baird & D. Bosence (1993)- No reef-rimmed margins to the Permian carbonate platforms of
Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 181-186.
(C Thailand E Permian platform, margins formed mainly by grainstones, with only small ArchaelithoporellaTubiphytes- calcisponges boundstone biostromes. In Ratburi area of Peninsular Thailand, small M Permian
Tubiphytes bioherms on platform interior ridges, not in shelf marginal position)
Dawson, O. & A. Racey (1993)- Fusuline-calcareous algal biofacies of the Permian Ratburi Limestone,
Saraburi, Central Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 49-65.
(Ratburi Lst M Permian transgressive/regressive carbonate platform sequence. Within regressive sequences,
successive fusuline foram-algal biofacies are distinguishable and interpreted as progressively shallower-water
environments. At generic level fusulinid distribution depth controlled, with 6 assemblages distinguishable)
Dawson, O., A. Racey & J.E. Whittaker (1993)- The palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical significance
of Shanita (foraminifera) and associated foraminifera/ algae from the Permian of peninsular Thailand. In: T.
Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology, Chiang
Mai 1993, p. 283-295.
(Late Permian Tethyan foram Shanita amosi in Ratburi Lst. Good marker for Tethyan Late Permian)
Dill, H.G., R. Botz, F.W. Luppold & F. Henjes-Kunst (2005)- Hypogene and supergene alteration of the Late
Palaeozoic Ratburi Limestone during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Thailand, Surat Thani Province).
Implications for the concentration of mineral commodities and hydrocarbons. Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol.
Rundschau) 94, p. 24-46.
(Interdisciplinary study of Late Carboniferous-M Permian Ratburi Gp, Peninsular Thailand, with emphasis on
multi-stage diagenesis of Ratburi Lst in Surat Thani Province)
Dill, H.G., F.W. Luppold, A Techmer, P.l Chaodumrong & S. Phoonphun (2004)- Lithology,
micropaleontology and chemical composition of calcareous rocks of Paleozoic through Cenozoic age (Surat
Thani Province, central Peninsular Thailand): implications concerning the environment of deposition and the
economic potential of limestones. J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p. 63-89.
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Ducrocq, S., E. Buffetaut, H. Buffetaut-Tong, Y. Chaimanee, J.J. Jaeger, R. Lacassin & V. Suteethorn (1993)Age and correlations of the Neogene continental basins from Thailand. In: 7th Reg. Conf. Geology, Min.
Energy Res. SE Asia (GEOSEA VII), Bangkok 1991, p.
Ducrocq, S., Y. Chaimanee, V. Suteethorn & J.J. Jaeger (1994)- Ages and paleoenvironment of Miocene
mammalian faunas from Thailand. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 108, p. 149-163.
Ducrocq, S., Y. Chaimanee, V. Suteethorn & J.J. Jaeger (1995)- Mammalian faunas and the ages of the
continental Tertiary fossiliferous localities from Thailand. J. Southeast Asia Earth Sci. 12, p. 65-78.
(Krabi Basin in SW Thailand 27 mammal species of Late Eocene age. Localities from N Thailand M Miocene
(16-14 Ma)).
Dunning, G.R., A.S. Macdonald & S.M. Barr (1995)- Zircon and monazite U-Pb dating of the Doi Inthanon
core complex, northern Thailand: implications for extension within the Indosinian Orogen. Tectonophysics
251, p. 197-213.
(Doi Inthanon metamorphic core complex in NW Thai gneiss belt. Zircon dating of orthogneisses suggests
derivation from Late Triassic-Early Jurassic granitic protoliths (~205 Ma). High-T metamorphism events in
Late Cretaceous (84-72 Ma) and Late Oligocene (~27 Ma). Development of gneiss belt between Late
Cretaceous- Early Miocene. Uplift and tectonic denudation chronologically overlap initiation of extensional
basins to E and SE and imply genetic connection)
El Tabakh, M., B.C. Schreiber, C. Utha-Aroon, L. Coshell & J.K. Warren (1998)- Diagenetic origin of basal
anhydrite in the Cretaceous Maha Sarakham salt: Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand. Sedimentology 45, p. 579-594.
(Development of `Basal Anhydrite' of Cretaceous Maha Sarakham Saline Fm, Khorat Plateau, due to leaching
or pressure dissolution of salt at contact between underlying active sandstone aquifer system and overlying
massive halite-dominated evaporite sequence)
El Tabakh, M. & C. Utha-Aroon (1998)- Evolution of a Permian carbonate platform to siliciclastic basin:
Indochina Plate, Thailand. Sedim. Geol. 121, p. 97-119
(Extensive Permian carbonate platform developed in Thailand on margin of Indochina Plate and near deeper
siliciclastic-dominated marine basin, which separated Indochina Plate in E from Shan Thai Plate in W.
Sedimentation in both areas ended by late Permian/early Triassic closure of Palaeo-Tethys ocean. Tectonism
controlled pattern of platform sedimentation and supplies of carbonate and clastic sediments into basin)
El Tabakh, M., C. Utha-Aroon, J.K. Warren & B.C. Schreiber (2003)- Origin of dolomites in the Cretaceous
Maha Sarakham evaporites of the Khorat Plateau, northeast Thailand. Sedimentary Geol. 157, p. 235-252.
(Khorat Plateau of NE Thailand and Laos area of widespread deposition of evaporites and siliciclastics (Maha
Sarakham Fm) in Cretaceous. Three types of dolomites associated with this formation)
Filleul, A. & D. Vu Khuc (2001)- A new fish fauna from the Jurassic of Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, Issue 5,
p. 641-647.
(Fish fauna from U Jurassic Long Binh Fm of Vietnam. Mainly small actinopterygian fish, three different taxa)
Flint, S., D.J. Stewart, T. Hyde, C.A. Gevers, O.R.F. Dubrule & E.D. Van Riessen (1988)- Aspects of reservoir
geology and production behaviour of Sirikit Oil Field, Thailand: an integrated study using well and 3-D seismic
data. AAPG Bull. 72, p. 1254-1268.
Flower, M.F.J., N. Hoang, N. Trong Yem, N. Xuan Bao, R. McCabe & S.H. Harder (1993)- Cenozoic
magmatism in Indochina: lithospere extension and mantle potential temperature. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc.
Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala
Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 211-222.
(Cenozoic basaltic magmatism of Vietnam- Cambodia initiated at ~15Ma, peaked between ~5 and 0.5 Ma,
postdates opening of S Chna Sea and is associated with lithospheric extension)
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Fontaine, H. (1988)- Permian corals of West Thailand. CCOP Techn. Bull. 20, p. 112-127.
Fontaine, H. (1990)- Some Devonian corals and stromatoporoids from Northeast Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch B73,
p. 57-79.
Fontaine, H. (1990)- Carboniferous corals from Northeast Thailand (northeast of Loei). Geol. Jahrbuch B73, p.
81-89.
Fontaine, H. (1990)- New data on foraminifera, algae and pseudo-algae of the Visean and Bashkirian (LowerMiddle Carboniferous) from Northeast Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch B73, p. 91-109.
Fontaine, H. & S. Gafoer (1989)- The Carboniferous of Thailand: its fossils and sediments. In: Proc. 24th Sess.
Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok 1987, 2, p. 125-129.
(Thailand Carboniferous 3 provinces: (1) Peninsular and Kanchanaburi: rare fossils and glacial? pebbly
mudstones in upper part, (2) N and NW Thailand: more fossiliferous but poorly studied, and (3) E Thailand:
fossiliferous limestones with fusulinids, corals, etc., throughout Carboniferous)
Fontaine, H., S. Lovachalasupaporn & B. Sektheera (1990)- Distribution of corals and coral reefs in the permian
of Thailand. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) Ten years of CCOP research on the Pre-Tertiary of East Asia, CCOP Techn.
Publ. 20, p. 271-280.
(Reprint of paper in CCOP Newsletter 9, 2 (1982). Coral-bearing Permian limestones common in Thailand,
particularly Middle Permian of C Thailand, but not all represent reefs)
Fontaine, H., B. Mistaen, W. Tantiwanit & T. Tong-Dzuy (1990)- Devonian fossils from Northeast Thailand:
some new data from Tabulata and Stromatoporoidea. CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 289-296.
Fontaine, H. & S. Salyapongse (1997)- Unexpected discovery of Early Carboniferous (Late ViseanSerpukhovian) coarals in East Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Southeast
Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok 1997, p. 48-52.
Fontaine, H. & S. Salyapongse (1997)- Biostratigraphy of East Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and
tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok 1997, p. 73-82.
Fontaine, H. & S. Salyapongse (2001)- A Murgabian to Lower Triassic sequence exposed from Khao Tham Yai
to Khao Pa Khi, Notheast Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 2001, 1, p. 43-47.
Fontaine, H., S. Salyapongse, V. Suteethorn (2003)- Glimpses into fossil assemblages of Thailand: coral
perspectives. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 51, 1, p. 37-67.
(online at: http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/Article/Glimpses)
(General paper of fossil corals of Thailand. Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic corals widespread; Devonian
and Jurassic corals locally common; Ordovician and Silurian corals rare and poorly known. Includes
Devonian limestone in NE Thailand area near Laos border (possibly Givetian- E Frasnian; affinities with
Vietnam and S China) with rich coral faunas, incl. stromatoporoid Chlathrodictyon and tabulate coral
Heliolites porosus (= same taxa as reported by Rutten 1940 from NE Kalimantan))
Fontaine, H., S. Salyapongse, V. Suteethorn & D. Vachard (2000)- Widespread occurrence of Triassic
limestones Northwest of Uthai Tani in West Thailand. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 48, 1, p. 7-19.
(online at: http://www.thaiscience.info/..)
(Two parallel N-S trending series of limestone hills associated with volcanic rocks NW of Uthai Thani, W
Thailand, previously considered Silurian-Devonian and Permian in age, here assigned to Upper Triassic.
Abundant coral. Foraminifera suggest Norian age.)
50
July 2012
Fontaine, H. & V. Suteethorn (2000)- Devonian and Lower Carboniferous corals found in Ban Na Klang Area,
Loei Province, Northeast Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 2000, 1, p. 27-33.
Fontaine, H., V. Suteethorn & D. Vachard (1995)- The Carboniferous of northeast Thailand: a review with new
data. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 117.
(All stages of Carboniferous are represented in NE Thailand. In parts of area, they are overlain by Permian
(mainly limestone). M-U Devonian limestone, shale and chert occur occasionally in C and N parts of area)
Fontaine, H. & W. Tantiwanit (1987)- Discovery of widespread and very fossiliferous Devonian beds in
Northeast Thailand. CCOP Techn. Publ. 20, p. 315-317.
Fontaine, H. & D.R. Workman (1978)- Review of the geology and mineral resources of Kampuchea, Laos and
Viet Nam. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol. Min. Res. Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1978, p. 539605.
Fortey, R.A. (1989)- An Early Devonian trilobite fauna from Thailand. Alcheringa 13, 4, p. 257-267.
(Well-preserved Devonian trilobites from limestones in Satun Province, S Thailand. Early Devonian age,
probably Emsian. Includes Decoroproetus, Cornuproetus, Platyscutellum and two species of Reedops)
Fortey, R.A. (1997)- Late Ordovician trilobites from southern Thailand. Palaeontology 40, p.:397-449.
Fujikawa, M., K. Ueno, A. Sardsud, W. Saengsrichan, Y. Kamata & K. Hisada (2005)- Early Permian
ammonoids from the Kaeng Krachan Group of the Phatthalung-Hat Yai area, southern peninsular Thailand.
J.Asian Earth Sci. 24, 6, p. 739-752
(E Permian (Kungurian) small ammonoid fauna with Neocrimites, Agathiceras, etc., from S Peninsular
Thailand suggests uppermost Kaeng Krachan Gp slightly younger than previously considered. Environment of
Sibumasu Block changed around this time from cool, clastic-dominant shelf to temperate- subtropical,
carbonate platform)
Gaillot, J., D. Vachard, T. Galfetti & R. Martini (2009)- New latest Permian foraminifers from Laren (Guangxi
Province, South China): palaeobiogeographic implications. Geobios 42, p. 141-168.
(Latest Permian limestones at Laren (Guangxi Prov., S China) with rich small foram fauna. Palaeogeographic
distribution interpreted to be Neo-Tethyan regions, ranging from S Turkey to S China and up to Japan)
Garnier, V., D. Ohnenstetter, G. Giuliani, A.E. Fallick, T. Phan Trong et al. (2005)- Basalt petrology, zircon
ages and sapphire genesis from Dak Nong, southern Vietnam. Mineral. Mag. 69, p. 21-38.
(Basalts with sapphires in Vietnam. U-Pb dating of zircons from basaltic placers show two eruptional events, at
~6.5 Ma and at ~1 Ma)
Garnier, V., D. Ohnenstetter, G. Giuliani, H. Maluski, E. Deloule et al. (2005)- Age and significance of rubybearing marble from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. Canadian Mineralogist 43, p. 1315-1329.
(Marble-hosted ruby deposits in Red River Shear Zone, N Vietnam. Wide range of zircon ages (266-38 Ma)
suggest complex metamorphic history with two main thermal events: (1) zircon in spinel crystallized in Permian
(257 9Ma), (2) Ruby formed at ~38 Ma during Red River Shear Zone ductile deformation peak metamorphism)
Garson, M.S.& A.H.G. Mitchell (1970)- Transform faulting in the Thai Peninsula. Nature 22, p. 45-47.
(Angular feature in Phuket area of peninsular Thailand projecting into Andaman Sea is physiographic
expression of two major transcurrent faults with total sinistral displacement of at least 200 km)
Garson, M.S., B. Young, A.H.G. Mitchell & B.A.R.Tait (1975)- The geology of the tin belt in Peninsular
Thailand around Phuket, Phang Nga and Takua Pa. Inst.Geol. Science, Overseas Memoir 1, Bangkok, p. 1-112.
Geoscientists of Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1986)- Stratigraphy and sedimentary basins of Viet Nam.
ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Min. Res. Dev. Ser. 54, p. 1-11.
51
July 2012
Gibling, M.R., F.M. Gradstein, I.L. Kristiansen. J. Nagy, M. Sartis & J. Wiedmann (1994)- Early Cretaceous
strata of the Nepal Himalayas: conjugate margins and rift volcanism during Gondwanan breakup. J. Geol. Soc.,
London, 151, 2 p. 269-290.
(E Cretaceous sandstones- shales outcrop N of Main Central Thrust in C Nepal, with northerly palaeoflow and
deposited on N (Tethyan) margin of Gondwana. Berriasian deltaic deposits pass upward into ValanginianAlbian storm-dominated shelf deposits and latest Albian pelagic carbonates. Succession matches with conjugate
margin of NW Australia, from which Greater India separated in Valanginian-Hauterivian)
Gradstein, F.M., M.R. Gibling, M. Sarti, U. Von Rad, J.W. Thurow, J.G. Ogg, L.F. Jansa, M.A. Kaminski &
G.E.G. Westermann (1991)- Mesozoic Tethyan strata of Thakkhola, Nepal: evidence for the drift and breakup
of Gondwana. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 88, p. 193-218.
(Thakkhola region of C Nepal >1.5 km of deformed Late Triassic- mid-Cretaceous sediments Paleomagnetic,
paleobiogeographic and paleocurrent data show deposition on N Gondwana/ Greater India margin, bordering
Tethys while Thakkhola lay at mid-latitudes (28- 41 S). Late Triassic coastal deposits overlain by E Jurassic
limestone, Late Jurassic Spiti Fm deep shelf- upper slope dark shales with Indo-SW Pacific ammonite
assemblage and Boreal affinity agglutinated forams, and Lower Cretaceous (Berrisian-Aptian) deltaics with
volcanoclastic material. Correlates well with formerly contiguous continental margin of NW Australia shelf)
Gradstein, F.M., U. Von Rad, M.R. Gibling, L.F. Jansa, M.A. Kaminski, I.L. Kristiansen, J.G. Ogg et al. (1992)Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Mesozoic continental margin of Central Nepal. Geol. Jahrbuch B77,
p. 1-141.
(Late Triassic- mid-Cretaceous stratigraphic succession of Thakkola, Central Nepal, may be related to
Exmouth- Wombat plateau off NW Australia: Late triassic clastics, latest Triassic- E Jurassic oolitic platform
carbonates, Bajocian- E Callovian marine shale, much of Callovian- Oxfordian condensed ironstone, mid
Oxfordian- Tithonian (with Blanfordiceras) dark shale, earlist Cretaceous quartz sst and volcanoclastics, Aptian
shale, etc.). Represents Mesozoic deposition at N margin of Greater India/ Gondwana)
Grant, R.E. (1976)- Permian brachiopods from southern Thailand. Palaeont. Soc. Mem. 9, J. Palaeont. 50, 3,
suppl., p. 1-269.
Green, O.R., M.P. Searle, R.I. Corfield & R.M. Corfield (2008)- Cretaceous-Tertiary carbonate platform
evolution and the age of the India-Asia collision along the Ladakh Himalaya (Northwest India). The J. of Geol.
116, p. 331-353.
Griffin, W.L., T.T. Win, R. Davies, P. Wathanakul, A. Andrew, I. Metcalfe & P. Cartigny, (2001)- Diamonds
from Myanmar and Thailand: characteristics and possible origins. Economic Geol. 96, p. 159-170.
Hagen, D. & E. Kemper (1976)- Geology of the Thong Pha Phum area (Kanchanaburi province, western
Thailand). Geol. Jahrbuch, B21, p. 53-91.
Hahn, L. (1982)- The Triassic in Thailand. Geol. Rundschau 71, 3, p. 1041-1056.
('Indosinian Orogeny' tectonics in Thailand between Permian and Jurassic. Strong orogenic movements in
Norian. Two Triassic sedimentation cycles: Skythian- early Norian marine facies and a Norian- Rhaetian/
Liassic terrestrial. Sediment facies and distribution of igneous rocks due to subduction of oceanic crust, starting
in Carboniferous, and to collision of Eurasian and Indochina Plates in Norian)
Hahn, L., K.E. Koch & H. Wittekindt (1986)- Outline of the geology and the mineral potential of Thailand.
Geol. Jahrbuch B 59, p. 3-49.
Hahn, L. & M. Siebenhuner (1982)- Explanatory notes (paleontology) on the geological maps of Northern and
Western Thailand 1:250,000 (Sheets Nan, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai, Li, Thong Pha Phum).
Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Hannover), 76 p.
52
July 2012
Hamada, T. (1964)- Two Carboniferous brachiopods from Loei, Thailand. Contributions to geology and
palaeontology of southeast Asia, 10, Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 35, 1, p. 5-15.
Hamada, T. (1964)-: Some Middle Ordovician brachiopods from Satun, southern Thailand. Contributions to
geology and palaeontology of southeastern Asia, 17, Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 35, p. 213221
Hansen, B.T. & K. Wemmer (2011)- Age and evolution of the basement rocks in Thailand. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J.
Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 19-32.
Hara, H., M. Kunii, K. Hisada, K. Ueno, Y. Kamata, W. Srichan, P. Charusiri, T. Charoentitirat et al. (2012)Petrography and geochemistry of clastic rocks within the Inthanon zone, northern Thailand: implications for
Paleo-Tethys subduction and convergence. J. Asian Earth Sci. (in press
(Two types of clastic rocks in Paleo-Tethys convergence zone at Inthanon Zone, N Thailand: (1) lithic sstshale in Permo-Triassic accretionary complex (35% from Sukhothai Zone volcanic rocks, 65% Indochina
Block craton sst; and (2) Carboniferous quartzose sst- mudstone in Sibumasu Block (from continental margin.
Paleo-Tethys subduction caused continental island arc in Sukhothai Zone, with Late Permian-Triassic forearc
basins and M- early Late Triassic volcanism and accretionary complex formation)
Hara, H., T. Kurihara, J. Kuroda, Y. Adachi, H. Kuritae, K. Wakita, K. Hisada, P. Charusiri, T. Charoentitirat &
P. Chaodumrong (2010)- Geological and geochemical aspects of a Devonian siliceous succession in northern
Thailand: implications for the opening of the Paleo-Tethys. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 297,p. 452464.
(Opening of Paleo-Tethys reconstructed, using radiolarian fossils and geochemistry of Devonian siliceous
succession in Chiang Dao area of N Thailand. Rock types: black shale (Lower Devonian), siliceous shale (M
Devonian), tuffaceous chert and tuff (M/Ur Devonian), and chert (U Devonian). Succession deposited in
continental margin and pelagic environments between Sibumasu and Indochina-North China blocks. Initial
Paleo-Tethys developed as small, closed anoxic-suboxic oceanic basin in E-M Devonian, close to continental
margin. Opening of Paleo-Tethys started around M-U Devonian boundary, marked by voluminous volcanic
activity. Ash and pumice in chert derived from continental source. After Late Devonian, Paleo-Tethys developed
as deep, broad ocean in which pelagic chert was deposited)
Hara, H., K. Wakita, K. Ueno, Y. Kamata, K. Hisada, P. Charusiri, T. Charoentitirat & P. Chaodumrong (2009)Nature of accretion related to Paleo-Tethys subduction recorded in northern Thailand: constraints from melange
kinematics and illite crystallinity. Gondwana Res. 16, 2, p. 310-320.
(Reconstruction of accretion process of Paleo-Tethys subduction in N Thailand shows trend of Paleo-Tethys
subduction zone was N80E. Paleo-Tethys subducted N-ward beneath Indochina Block from Permian- Triassic)
Hasegawa, H., S. Imsamut, P. Charusiri, R. Tada, Y. Horiuchi & K. Hisada (2010)- Thailand was a desert'
during the mid-Cretaceous: equatorward shift of the subtropical high-pressure belt indicated by eolian deposits
(Phu Thok Formation) in the Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand. Island Arc 19, 4, p. 605-621.
(Mid-Cretaceous Eolian sandstones of Phu Thok Fm (~126- 95 Ma) paleo-wind directions show Khorat Basin
mainly belonged to NE trade wind belt. Subtropical high-pressure belt was N of area during initial deposition,
immediately above basin during main phase of deposition, then shifted N again to N of basin during final
deposition. Similar age eolian sandstone in Sichuan Basin, S China. Suggest development of low-latitude desert
and equatorward shift of subtropical high-pressure belt during mid-Cretaceous)
Hayami, I. (1968)- Some non-marine bivalves from the Mesozoic Khorat Group of Thailand. In: Geology and
Paleontology of Southeast Asia 4, Tokyo University Press, p. 100-107.
(Early paper on Cretaceous non-marine bivalves from Khorat Group)
Heim, A. & H. Hirschi (1939)- A section of the mountain ranges of North-Western Siam. Eclogae Geol. Helv.
32, p. 1-16.
53
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Helmcke, D. (1985)- The orogenic evolution (Permo-Triassic) of central Thailand. implications on

palaeogeographic models for mainland S.E. Asia. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, N.S.147, p. 83-91.
Helmcke, D. (1986)- On the geology of Petchabun Fold Belt (Central Thailand): implications for the
geodynamic evolution of mainland SE Asia. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 79-85.
Helmcke, D. & C. Kraikhong (1982)- On the geosynclinal and orogenic evolution of Central and Northeast
Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. Thailand 5, p. 52-74.
Helmcke, D. & H.G. Lindenberg (1983)- New data on the 'Indo-Sinian' orogeny from Central Thailand. Geol.
Rundschau 72, p. 317-328.
Heppe, K. (2004)- Plate tectonic evolution and mineral resource potential of the Lancang River Zone,
Southwestern Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China. Doct. Thesis Georg August University, Gottingen, p. 1-105.
Heward, A.P., S. Chuenbunchom, G. Makel, D. Marsland & L. Spring (2000)- Nang Nuan Field, B6/27, Gulf of
Thailand: karst reservoirs of meteoric or deep burial origin? Petroleum Geosc. 6, p. 15-27.
(Permian karst reservoirs in Chumphon Basin produced oil at >10 000 BBL/d. Meteorically karstified buried
hills recognized as potential exploration play, but highs are probably syn-rift horsts and inversion features,
with karst reservoirs in Ratburi carbonates unrelated to subaerial exposure, but primarily deep-burial origin)
Hirschi, H. & A. Heim (1939)- A section of the mountain ranges of northwestern Siam: Eclogae Geol.
Helvetiae 32, 1, p. 1-16.
Hisada, K., K. Ueno, T. Sugiyama, K. Nagai and X.D. Wang (2001)- Confirmation of dropstones in the
Dingjiazhai Formation of the Gondwana-derived Baoshan Block, West Yunnan. Gondwana Res. 4, p. 630-631.
Hoang, N. & M. Flower (1998)- Petrogenesis of Cenozoic basalts from Vietnam: implication for origins of a
Diffuse Igneous Province. J. Petrology 39, 3, p. 369-395.
(online at: http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/3/369.full.pdf+html)
(Widespread M Miocene- Recent basalt plateaux in S and C Vietnam associated with pull-apart structures.
Activity does not conform to Large Igneous Province, more consistent with clockwise rotating stress field)
Howard, K.T. (2011)- Tektites. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol.
Soc., London, Mem., p. 573-591.
Huang, H., X. Yang & X. Jin (2005)- The Shanita fauna (Permian foraminifera) from Baoshan area, western
Yunnan Province, China. Acta Palaeont. Sinica, 44, p. 545555 (transl. in Frontiers of Biology in China 2, 1, p.
114-124).
(Shanita fauna good marker of N peri-Gondwana tectonic blocks. Shanita fauna from Baoshan area in W
Yunnan Province suggest characteristic genera Shanita and Hemigordiopsis here comprised 8 species and ten
genera of other nonfusulinid foraminifera. Age probably late Maokouan- Wuchiapingian. Fauna comparable to
Shanita faunas from Burma, Thailand, and Tibet, but lower diversity and absence of fusulinids)
Huang, K. & N.D. Opdyke (1991)- Paleomagnetic results from the Upper Carboniferous of the Shan-ThaiMalay block of western Yunnan, China. Tectonophysics 192, p. 333-344.
(Upper Carboniferous basaltic Woniusi Fm from near Baoshan (part of Shan-Thai-Malay microplate).
Paleomagnetic inclinations similar to Devonian rocks from area, indicating paleolatitude of ~42 in DevonoCarboniferous time)
Ingavat, R., R. Toriyama & K. Pitakpaivan (1980)- Fusuline zonation and faunal characteristics of the Ratburi
Limestone in Thailand and its equivalents in Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 21,
University of Tokyo Press, p. 43-62.
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July 2012
Ingavat-Helmcke, R. (1994)- Paleozoic paleontological evidence of Thailand. Proc. Int. Symp, Stratigraphic
correlation of Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1994, p. 43-54.
(Review of Paleozoic faunas reported from Thailand. Cambrian- Devonian faunas of Thailand close faunal
affinities with Australia and S China. Carboniferous- Permian carbonate facies warm, shallow marine)
Jaeger, H.V.S.R. Wolfart & D. Stoppel (1969)- Fauna (Graptolithen, Brachiopoden) der unterdevonischen
Schwartzschiefer Nord-Thailands. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaont. Abhandl. 133,2, p. 171-190.
(Fauna (graptolites, brachiopods) from the Lower Devonian black shale of North Thailand')
Junhavat, S. & S. Piyasin (1978)- Triassic rocks of Thailand. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf. Geol.
Min. Res. Southeast Asia,Bangkok 1978, p. 735-738.
Kamata, Y., K. Sashida, K. Ueno, K. Hisada, N. Nakornsri & P. Charusiri (2002)- Triassic radiolarian faunas
from the Mae Sariang area, northern Thailand and their paleogeographic significance. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 5,
p. 491-506.
(Early to Late Triassic (Spathian- Carnian) radiolarians from bedded cherts of Mae Sariang Gp in N Thailand.
Similarity of fauna and rocks to E marginal facies of Sibumasu Block. E (?) Carnian radiolarian assemblage
from bedded chert shows closure of Paleotethys Ocean between Sibumasu- Indochina Blocks after E Carnian)
Kanjanapayonta, P., M.A. Edwards & B Grasemann (2009)- The dextral strike-slip Khlong Marui Fault,
southern Thailand. Trabajos de Geologa, Universidad de Oviedo, 29, p. 393-398.
(online at: http://www.geol.uniovi.es/TDG/Volumen29/TG29-72.PDF)
(Khlong Marui Fault is S-most of four major strike-slip faults in Thailand. NNE-SSW-trending dextral strike-slip
fault zone from Gulf of Thailand to Andaman Sea. No clear age-constraints, but likely related to escape
tectonics arising from India-Asia collision)
Kanjanapayonta, P., B Grasemann, M.A. Edwards & H. Fritz (2012)- Quantitative kinematic analysis within the
Khlong Marui shear zone, southern Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 35, p. 17-27.
(NNE trending Khlong Marui shear zone at least two deformation phases. Rocks metamorphosed at amphibolite
and greenschist facies by first deformation. No clear age-constraints, but early dextral strike-slip displacement
of KM shear zone related to West Burma and Shan-Thai collision and subduction along Sunda Trench in Late
Cretaceous, while main exhumation influenced by early India-Asia collision)
Kemper, E. (1976)- The foraminifera in the Jurassic limestone of West Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch. B, 21, p. 129153.
Kemper, E., H.D. Maronde & D. Stoppel (1976)- Triassic and Jurassic limestone in the region northwest and
west of Si Sawat (Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch. B, 21, p. 93-127.
(200-300m thick Triassic with Anisian and Norian (with Boueina- Involutina) limestone, overlain by red and
violet clastics and limestone of Rhaetian- E Jurassic age (mainly non-marine; uplift event?). Overlain by 200300m thick Jurassic (middle Lias- Malm limestones with Lucasella, Orbitopsella, Haurania, etc.)
Klompe, Th.H.F. (1962)- Igneous and structural features of Thailand. Geol. Mijnbouw 41, 6, p. 290-302.
Kobayashi, F., R. Martini, R. Rettori, L. Zaninetti, B. Ratanasthien, H. Saegusa & H. Nakaya (2006)- Triassic
foraminifers of the Lampang Group (Northern Thailand). J. Asian Earth Sci. 27, p. 312-325.
(Four Triassic foraminiferal limestone localities in Sukhothai foldbelt between Sibumasu (Shan-Thai) Terrane in
W and Indochina in E: (1) Glomospirella lampangensis n. sp. (E Triassic ?), (2) Pilammina densa (Anisian), (3)
endothyroid foraminifers- Diplotremina astrofimbriata (Ladinian) and (4) Aulotortus sinuosus (Carnian).
Important taxa of these associations common to S China and SE Asia, also Europe (unlike M- Late Permian
foraminiferal assemblages which have many provincial and endemic characters)
Kobayashi, T. (1957)- Upper Cambrian fossils from peninsular Thailand. J. Faculty of Science, University of
Tokyo, Sect. 2, 10, 3, pp. 367-382.
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July 2012
(online at: http://umdb.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/DKoseibu/pdf/Ref_0152_.pdf

(Cambrian trilobites from Phuket series from Tarutao island, SW Thailand)
Kobayashi, T. (1958)- Some Ordovician fossils from the Thailand-Malayan borderland. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr.
29,. 4, p. 223-231.
Kobayashi, T. (1963)- On the Cretaceous Ban Na Yo fauna of East Thailand with a note on the distribution of
Nippononaia, Trigonioides and Plicatounio. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 34-41.
(Cretaceous fresh-water molluscs from Khorat Group)
Kobayashi, T. (1968)- The Cretaceous non-marine pelecypods from the Nam Phung Dam Site in the
Northeastern part of the Khorat Plateau, Thailand, with a note on the Trigonioididae. In: Geology and
Paleontology of Southeast Asia 4, University of Tokyo Press, p. 109-138.
Kobayashi, T. (1975)- Upper Triassic estheriids in Thailand and the conchostracan development in Asia in the
Mesozoic era. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 16, University of Tokyo Press, p. 57-90.
Kobayashi, T. (1983)- Geological history of Thailand, Malayan Peninsula and adjacent Areas-II. J. of
Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 92, 5, p. 303-320.
(In Japanese; online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...)
Kobayashi, T. (1983)- Geological history of Thailand, Malayan Peninsula and adjacent Areas-II. J. of
Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 92, 6, p. 371-391.
(In Japanese; online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...)
Kobayashi, T. (1984)- On the geological history of Thailand and West Malaysia. In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.)
Geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo Press, p. 3-42.
(Stratigraphy-oriented review of Thailand-Malay Peninsula area)
Kobayashi, T. & H. Igo (1966)- On the occurrence of graptolite shales in North Thailand. In: Geology and
Paleontology of Southeast Asia 2, p. 1-8.
Kobayashi, T., F.Takai & I. Hayami (1963)- On some Mesozoic fossils from the Khorat Series of East Thailand
and a note on the Khorat Series. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 181-192.
Kobayashi, T. & A. Tokuyama (1959)- The Halobiidae from Thailand. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, sect. 2, 12, 1,
p. 27-30.
(Incl. occurrence of Daonella sumatrensis Volz, originally described from Sumatra)
Komalarjun, P. & T. Sato (1964)- Aalenian (Jurassic) ammonites from Mae Sot, Northwestern Thailand. Japan.
J. Geol. Geogr. 35, p. 149-161.
Konigshof, P., N.M. Savage, P. Lutat, A. Sardsud, J. Dopieralska, Z. Belka & G. Racki (2012)- Late Devonian
sedimentary record of the Paleotethys Ocean- The Mae Sariang section, northwestern Thailand. J. Asian Earth
Sci. 52, p. 146-157.
(11 m thick condensed sequence of Late Devonian pelagic limestones in NW Thailand, with hardgrounds and
Fe/Mn crusts. Ranges from Late rhenana to praesulcata conodont biozones. Probably belongs to Inthanon
Zone comprising remnants of Paleotethys Ocean)
Kon'no, E. (1963)- Some Permian plants from Thailand. Contributions to the geology and palaeontology of
Southeast Asia, 5. Japanese J. Geol. Geogr. 34, p. 139-159.
Kon'no, E. & K. Asama (1975)- Mesozoic plants from Khorat, Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of
Southeast Asia 12, University of Tokyo Press, p. 149-171.
56
July 2012
Kornsawan, A. & C.K. Morley (2002)- The origin and evolution of complex transfer zones (graben shifts) in
conjugate fault systems around the Funan Field, Pattani basin, Gulf of Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 24, p. 435-449.
Kozai, T., F. Hirsch, K. Ishida & A. Meesook (2006)- Faunal affinity of Toarcian-Aalenian (Early Jurassic)
bivalves from Mae Sot and Umphang (Tak Province), Northwestern Thailand. Geosc. J. 10, 3, p. 205-215.
(NW Thailand Mae Sot- Umphang areas Jurassic strata overlie Permian-Triassic substratum of Shan-Thai
(=Sibumasu) terrane with brecciated conglomerate. Pliensbachian- Early Bajocian shallow marine strata in
partly terrestrial Jurassic sequence. 35 Toarcian-Aalenian bivalve species mainly endemic Toarcian-Aalenian
SE Asian Province of Tethys. Associated corals of Tethyan affinity)
Kozai, T., L. Perelis-Grossowicz, A. Bartolini, C. Yamee, J. Sandoval, F. Hirsch, K. Ishida, T. Charoentitirat, A.
Meesook & J. Guex (2011)- New palaeontological investigations in the Jurassic of western Thailand. Gondwana
. 19, 1, p. 37-46.
(Jurassic of Mae Sot and Umphang districts, W Thailand, provide age constraints for marine Jurassic
inundation of Sundaland after Paleotethys closure. Basal conglomerate of Jurassic derived from pelagic
Triassic substratum. Ammonites, bivalves, large benthic forams and algae suggest Toarcian-Bajocian ages.
Faunas partly endemic with N Tethyan (Eurasian) affinity. Bivalves dominantly endemic fauna with
Parvamussium donaiense and Bositra ornate in Toarcian- Early Bajocian)
Kozar, M.G., G.F. Crandall & S.E. Hall (1992)- Integrated structural and stratigraphic study of the Khorat Basin,
Rat Buri Limestone (Permian), Thailand. Proc. Nat. Conf. Geologic Resources of Thailand: potential for future
development, Dept Mineral Resources, Bangkok, p.
(Review of Khorat Basin geology and results of 8 exploration wells by Esso between 1982-1984, with one
discovery: Nam Phong gas field with recoverable reserve of ~300-500 BCF)
Lacassin, R., H. Maluski, P.H. Leloup, P. Tapponnier, C. Hinthong et al. (1997)- Tertiary diachronic extrusion
and deformation of western Indochina: structural and 40Ar/39Ar evidence from NW Thailand. J. Geoph. Res.
102, B5, p. 10,013-10,037.
(Wang Chao and Three Pagodas fault zones cut W part of Indochina block. Evidence of left-lateral shear in
Lansang gneisses. Ar dating shows deformation terminated at ~ 30.5 Ma. Faults offset N striking lowerMesozoic
metamorphic-magmatic belt of N Thailand, which rapidly cooled around 23 Ma. Extrusion of SW Indochina
occurred in Late Eocene- E Oligocene, probably inducing rifting in Gulf of Thailand and in Malay and Mekong
basins. In Oligo-Miocene, continuing penetration of India into Asia culminated with extrusion of all of
Indochina along Ailao Shan- Red River fault)
Lan, C.Y., S.L. Chung, C.H. Lo, T.Y. Lee et al. (2001)- First evidence for Archean continental crust in northern
Vietnam and its implications for crustal and tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia. Geology 29, 3, p. 219-222.
(Indochinese continent previously considered to be composed entirely of Proterozoic-Phanerozoic rocks.
Gneisses from Cavinh Complex gave Archean Nd model ages of 3.4-3.1 Ga and zircon U-Pb dates of 2.8-2.5
Ga, first in SE Asia. One of oldest crustal nuclei of South China block)
Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien & S. Sithirach (1993)- The Carboniferous flora of northeastern Thailand: its
paleogeographic importance. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris 317, 2, p. 279-285.
Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien & S. Sithirach (2003)- The Carboniferous flora of Northeastern Thailand. Revue
Paleobiol., Geneve 22, 2, p. 761-797.
Laveine, J.P., B. Ratanasthien, S. Sitirach & D. Demarque (2009)- The Carboniferous flora of northeastern
Thailand: additional documentation from the Na Duang-Na Klang basin. Revue Paleobiol., Geneve 28, 2, p.
315-331. (online at: http://www.ville-ge.ch/mhng/paleo/paleo-pdf/28-2/pal-28-2-02.pdf)
(Additional palaeobotanical data from E Carboniferous (Visean) in Na Duang-Na Klang basin in NE Thailand.
Floral remains essentially of Euramerican aspect)
57
July 2012
Laveine, J.P., D. Vachard, B. Ratanasthien & S. Sithirach (2003)- The Lower Carboniferous Na Duang marine
band (Na Duang Coal Mine, Loei District, Northeastern Thailand). Revue Paleobiol., Geneve 22, 2, p. 799-809.
Lee, K.Y. (1984)- Geology of the Dian-Qian-Gui foldbelt, Southwest China. U.S. Geol. Survey, Open-File
Report 84-357, p. 1-52 + appendix.
(online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0357/report.pdf)
Lehmann, B., N. Jungyusuk, S. Khositanont, A. Hohndorf & Y. Kuroda (1994)- The tin-tungsten ore system of
Pilok, Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 10, p. 51-63.
(Tin-tungsten mineralization in Pilok mining area on apical parts of probably Late Cretaceous alkali feldspar
aplite stocks (aplogranite) which intrude earlier K-feldspar megacrystic biotite granite)
Long, J.A. & C. Burrett (1989)- Fish from the Upper Devonian of the Shan-Thai terrane indicate proximity to
East Gondwana and South China terranes. Geology 17, p. 811-813.
(Coronodontid shark tooth, new species of Phoebodus and occurrence of chondrichthyan Harpagodens in Late
Famennian of Thailand, Australia, and S China suggests Late Devonian proximity of these terranes, in accord
with recent paleomagnetic data)
Long, J. A. & C.F. Burrett (1989)- Early Devonian conodonts from the Kuan Tung Formation, Thailand:
systematics and biogeographic considerations. Records Australian Museum, Sydney, 41, 2, p. 121-133.
(online at: http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/17706/140_complete.pdf)
(Conodonts from limestone horizon in Kuan Tung Fm, Satun Province, S Thailand,show E Devonian (Emsian)
age. Many conodont species are cosmopolitan, some restricted to E Gondwana- ShanThai - S China Terranes)
Lovatt Smith, P.F. & R.B. Stokes (1997)- Geology and petroleum potential of the Khorat Plateau basin in the
Vientiane area of the Lao P.D.R.. J. Petrol. Geol. 20, 1, p. 27-50.
(N part of Thailand Khorat Plateau Basin extends into Laos. Three gas discoveries. Structural inversion began
in mid-Cretaceous, not Tertiary. Permian carbonates main reservoir in basin)
Lovatt Smith, P.F., R.B. Stokes, C. Bristow & A. Carter (1996)- Mid-Cretaceous inversion in the northern
Khorat plateau of Lao PDR and Thailand. In: R. Hall & D.J. Blundell (eds.) Tectonic evolution of SE Asia,
Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 106, p. 97-123.
(Regional compressive tectonic event in Aptian-Cenomanian, attributed to distant continent-continent collision
to W. Reactivated structural trends parallel to palaeo-continental sutures and interrupted latest Jurassicearliest Palaeocene subsidence and continental sedimentation of Khorat Plateau Basin)
Luddecke, S., C. Chonglakmani & D. Helmcke (1991)- Analysis of pebble associations from the marine
Triassic of northern Thailand. J. Thai. Geoscience 1, p. 91-101.
Macdonald, A.S. & S.M. Barr (1984)- The Nan River mafic-ultramafic belt, northern Thailand: geochemistry
and tectonic significance. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 17, p. 209-217.
Macdonald, A.S., S.M. Barr, B.V. Miller, P.H. Reynolds, B.P. Rhodes & B. Yokart (2010)- P-T-t constraints on
the development of the Doi Inthanon metamorphic core complex domain and implications for the evolution of
the western gneiss belt, northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 37, p. 82-104.
(Western gneiss belt in N Thailand exposed in Doi Inthanon metamorphic core complex domain W of Chiang
Mai basin, and in Mae Ping strike-slip fault domain W of the Tak batholith. Doi Inthanon gneiss experienced:
(1) high-grade, medium-P metamorphism in Late Triassic- E Jurassic (~210 Ma). (2) Late Cretaceous (84, 72
Ma) thermal overprint , (3) Late Eocene mylonite age (40 Ma) is early stage of development of core complex by
low-angle extension (4) Miocene (~26-15 Ma) late-stage development of core complex. Similarities with N
Vietnam, Laos, Yunnan, and central Myanmar suggest regional response to indentation of SE Asia by India)
Malila, K., C. Chonglakmani, Q. Feng & D. Helmcke (2008)- Provenance and tectonic setting of the Permian
Nam Duk Formation, North-Central Thailand: implications for geodynamic evolution. ScienceAsia 34, p. 7-22.
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(online at: http://www.scienceasia.org/2008.34.n1/v34_007_022.pdf)

(Permian Nam Duk Basin, Phetchabun Fold Belt, C Thailand is remnant ocean basin and branch of PaleoTethys. Geochemical analysis of siliciclastics indicates E-M Permian pelagic sequence is transitional deposit
between oceanic and continental island arc and derived mainly from metabasic sources. During middle-late M
Permian, provenance signatures of 'flysch' and 'molasse' sequences show indications of ultramafic-mafic
igneous provenance and were deposited in continental island arc environment. Apparently ocean closed in
short period in M Permian)
Marante, S. & P. Vella (1986)- Palaeomagnetism of the Khorat Group, Mesozoic, northeast Thailand. J.
(Late Triassic- Cretaceous Khorat Group up to 5000 m of paralic-freshwater sediments, mainly red-beds.
Paleomagnetic data suggest clockwise rotation (37 7 ) in last 100 My. Inclinations not much different from
present day, indicating NE Thailand (and Indochina plate) at nearly same latitude since Late Triassic)
Martini, R., L. Zaninetti, J.J. Cornee, M. Villeneuve, N. Tran & T.T. Ta (1998)- Decouverte de foraminiferes du
Trias dans les calcaires de la region de Ninh Binh (Nord-Vietnam). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Ser. IIA, 326,
p. 113-119.
('Discovery of Triassic foraminifera in limestones from the Ninh Binh Area (North Vietnam)'. Lower Triassic(?)
to Anisian benthic foraminifera in Dong Giao Fm limestones, Ninh Binh area (Song Da Terrane, N Vietnam),
deposited on wide, shallow water carbonate platform. Affinities to coeval faunas from N Malaysia and S China
Block, suggest connections during Triassic between continental blocks of Indochina Peninsula)
Meesook, A. (2000)- Cretaceous environments of northeastern Thailand. In: H. Okada, H. & N.J. Mateer (eds.)
Cretaceous environments of Asia, Elsevier Science B 17, p. 207-223.
Meesook, A. (2011)- Cretaceous. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand,
Meesook, A. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1996)- Marine lithostratigraphy of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci.
14, p. 377-391.
(Marine Jurassic rocks well-exposed in NW Thailand-Myanmar border area (= W part of Shan-Tai/ Sibumasu
block), less in other areas of Thailand. Generally underlain unconformably by Triassic and overlain by
Quaternary. Sequences ~450-900 m thick in NW, thinner in other areas, particularly in S. Marine Jurassic
contains ammonites, bivalves and foraminifera and is largely Toarcian-Aalenian plus some Bajocian.
Presence of Late Jurassic not confirmed)
Meesook, A. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1997)- Faunal associations, paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the
Thai marine Jurassic: a preliminary study. In: P. Dheeradilok et al. (eds.) GEOTHAI '97, Int. Conf. Statigraphy
and tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok 1997, Dept. Mineral. Res., p. 164176.
(Paleoecological study of marine Toarcian- E Bajocian in W and S Thailand)
Meesook, A. & W. Saengsrichan (2011)- Jurassic. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology
Meesook, A., J. Sha, C. Yamee & W. Saengsrichan (2009)- Faunal associations, paleoecology and
paleoenvironment of marine Jurassic rocks in the Mae Sot, Phop Phra, and Umphang areas, western Thailand.
In: Jurassic of China and Environs:Stratigraphy, basin history, and Paleoenvironment, Science in China, DEarth Sci., 52, 12, p. 2001-2023.
(online at: http://earth.scichina.com:8080/sciDe/EN/article/showArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=415693)
(E-M Jurassic (Toarcian-Aalenian) marine Jurassic clastics and oolitic limestones with mainly bivalves, also
ammonites, brachiopods and some coral)
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Meister, C., Vu Khuc, D.T. Huyen & P. Doyle (2000)- Les ammonites et les belemnites du Jurassique inferieur
de Huu Nien, province de Quang Nam, Viet Nam Central. Geobios 33, p. 79-96.
('The ammonites and belemnites of the Lower Jurassic of Huu Nien, Central Vietnam'. Rare and low diversity
Sinemurian- Pliensbachian ammonites (incl. Ectocentrites, Tongdzuyites) and belemnites (incl. Atractites) in
Liassic of Nong Son basin)
Meister, C., Vu Khuc & D.T. Huyen (2002)- Les ammonites du Jurassique inferieur des provinces de Dak Lak
et de Ho Chi Minh Ville, Viet Nam du Sud. Revue Paleobiol. 21, 1, p. 439-483.
('Lower Jurassic ammonites of the Dak Lak province and Ho Chi Minh city. South Vietnam'. Lower Sinemurian
rel. unique ammonite fauna)
Meng, Qing-Ren & Guo-Wei Zhang (1999)- Timing of collision of the North and South China blocks:
controversy and reconciliation. Geology 27, 2, p. 123-126.
(Late Triassic collision of S China block with S Qinling orogen along Mianlue suture led to final integration of
N and S China blocks)
Milsom, J. (2011)- Regional geophysics. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of
Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 493-506.
Minato, M. (1944)- An occurrence of Wentzella subtimorica in northern Tai. Proc. Imp. Acad. Japan, Tokyo,
20, 2, p. 104-106. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp)
(Mid-Permian Lonsdaleia-type colonial tabulate coral from limestone in N Thailand. Species originally
described by Huang (1932) from S China, and closely resembles Wentzelella timorica (Gerth 1921) from
Basleo, Timor. Pseudoschwagerina fusulinids from nearby localities described by Toriyama 1944)
Mitchell, A.H.G. (1981)- Phanerozoic plate boundaries in mainland SE Asia, the Himalayas and Tibet. J. Geol.
Soc., London, 138, p. 109-122.
Mitchell, A.H.G. (1986)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic regional tectonics and metallogenesis in mainland S.E. Asia.
In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia
Bull. 20, p. 221-239.
(Main Mesozoic tectonic event in mainland SE Asia was Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, etc.)
Mitchell, A.H.G. (1989)- The Shan Plateau and Western Burma: Mesozoic-Cenozoic plate boundaries and
correlation with Tibet. In: A.M.C. Sengor (ed.) Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region, Kluwer, Dordrecht p.
567-583.
(Includes description of 'Mt Victoria Land' (= W Burma block of Hutchison, 1989): metamorphic rocks overlain
by Triassic turbidites, overthrust by ophiolite nappe. May correlate to W Sumatra block; Barber (2005))
Mitchell, A.H.G. (1992)- Late Permian-Mesozoic events and the Mergui Group nappe in Myanmar and
Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 7, 2, p. 165-178.
Mitchell, A.H.G. (1993)- Cretaceous- Cenozoic tectonic events in the western Myanmar (Burma)- Assam
region. J. Geol. Soc., London, 150, p. 1089-1102.
(Correlation of Late Mesozoic ophiolitic rocks suggests that in late E Cretaceous a NE-facing mafic arc was
emplaced onto SE Borneo, W Sumatra, Mogok belt of W Myanmar and farther W, all then on SW margin of
Asia. Reversal in tectonic polarity and E-ward subduction generated Late Cretaceous magmatic arc in W
Myanmar and Sumatra. Magmatism, interrupted in latest Cretaceous, probably resumed in W Myanmar-Tibet
and Sumatra arc segments in E Paleogene, again interrupted in M Eocene when E-vergent ophiolite nappe
overrode Indo-Burman Ranges, deforming Lw Eocene turbidites derived from magmatic arc to E. Following
renewed N and E-ward subduction of ocean floor in latest Eocene, India collided with N Myanmar and Tibet.
450 km of post-E Miocene dextral displacement on Sagaing Fault and related spreading in Andaman Sea)
60
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Mitchell, A., S.L. Chung, T. Oo, T.H. Lin & C.H. Hung (2012)- Zircon U-Pb ages in Myanmar: magmaticmetamorphic events and the closure of a neo-Tethys ocean? J. Asian Earth Sci. , p. (in press
(Main metamorphism in Mogok Metamorphic belt (MMB) in Myanmar previously considered to be Tertiary and
caused by collision of India. New data imply that main metamorphic event pre-dated the India-Asia collision)
Mitchell, A.H.G., M.T. Htay, K.M. Htun, M.N. Win, T. Oo & T. Hlaing (2007)- Rock relationships in the
Mogok metamorphic belt, Tatkon to Mandalay, central Myanmar. J. Asian Earth Sci. 29, p. 891-910.
(Mogok metamorphic belt over 1450 km long, up to 40 km wide, alongW margin of Shan Plateau in C Myanmar
and continuing N to E Himalayas. At least two metamorphic events, one before and one after intrusion of Late
Jurassic- E Cretaceous calc-alkaline rocks)
Mitchell, A.H.G., W. Myint, K. Lynn, M.T. Htay, Maw Oo & T. Zaw (2010)- Geology of the high sulfidation
copper deposits, Monywa Mine, Myanmar. Resource Geol. 61, p. 1-29.
(Monywa copper district near Chindwin River, 50 km2, in N-ward continuation of Sunda-Andaman magmatic
arc through W Myanmar. Ore hosted by M Miocene andesite or dacite porphyry intrusions and early M
Miocene sandstone and overlying volcaniclastics)
Mitchell, A.H.G., B. Young & W. Jantaranipaa (1970)- The Phuket Group, Peninsular Thailand: a Palaeozoic
?geosynclinal deposit. Geol. Mag. 107, p 411-428.
(Phuket Group in Phuket- Takua Pa- Krabi region of Thai Peninsula two formations: (1) Ordovician
(Cambrian?)- Lower Permian deeper marine quartz-rich continental margin clastics, >3 km thick and (2)
shallow marine- deltaic E Permian age, 100 -200m thick. Continental source lay to E (Burton, Ridd had
proposed clastic source from West; HvG))
Morley, C.K., P. Charusiri & I.M. Watkinson (2011)- Structural geology of Thailand during the Cenozoic. In:
M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 273-334.
Morley, C.K., C. Haranya,W. Phoosongsee, S. Pongwapee, A. Kornsawan & N. Wonganan (2004)- Activation
of rift oblique and rift parallel pre-existing fabrics during extension and their effect on deformation style:
examples from the rifts of Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 26, p. 1803-1829.
(Tertiary rift basins of Thailand previously interpreted in terms of strike-slip faulting, but many trends oblique
to N-S orientation of rift system appear to be inherited passive fabrics in the pre-rift. Fabrics from Palaeozoic
and Mesozoic orogenies exerted influence on Tertiary strike-slip and normal faults)
Morley, C.K. & A. Racey (2011)- Tertiary stratigraphy. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The
Morley, C.K., N. Sangkumarn, T.B. Hoon, C. Chonglakmani & J. Lambiase (2000)- Structural evolution of the
Li Basin northern Thailand. J. Geol. Soc. London 157, p. 483-492.
Morley, C.K. & N. Woganan (2000)- Normal fault displacement characteristics, with particular reference to
synthetic transfer zones, Mae Moh Mine, Northern Thailand. Basin Res. 12, 1-22.
Morley, C.K., N. Woganan, N. Sankumarn, T.B Hoon, A. Alief & M. Simmons (2001)- Late OligoceneRecent
stress evolution in rift basins of Northern and Central Thailand: implications for escape tectonics.
(Tertiary rift basins of Thailand generally evolved under E-W extension. Extension episodically interrupted by
inversion events. Rift basins from N. Thailand and Laos into Gulf of Thailand different evolutions, but common
trends: (1) widespread Oligocene- E Miocene extension; (2) In C and N Thailand also M Miocene extension,
persisting into the Upper Miocene-Pliocene; (3) In S (W. Natuna, Penyu, Malay basins) extension ceased in
earliest Miocene; (4) In N Gulf of Thailand extension ceased in M Miocene; (5) Thermal subsidence greatest
(up to 4 km) in S (Malay, Pattani, W. Natuna, Penyu basins) and least in N Thailand; (6) Intense E-M Miocene
inversion in S Gulf of Thailand; mild E-M Miocene inversion in N Gulf of Thailand. Most widespread inversion
in N, in Plio-Pleistocene. Evolution more complex than can be explained by simple escape tectonic models)
61
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Mouret, C., H. Heggeman, J. Gouadain & S. Krisadasima (1993)- Geological history of the siliciclastic
Mesozoic strata of the Khorat Group in the Phu Phan Range area, northeastern Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak
(ed.) Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and palaeontology, Chiang Mai, p. 23-49.
(online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/7484.pdf)
(On stratigraphy of Khorat Group of NE Thailand part of widespread Mesozoic non-marine deposits over E
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Deposition starts in latest Triassic (Rhaetian) and continues with up to
5000m of redbeds before final uplift and erosion at 65 Ma (tied to plate collision in W, Myanmar), resulting in
erosion of up to 3500m of post M Jurassic sediments. Evaporitic conditions in Albian-Cenomanian.
Paleocurrents mainly to WSW, possibly from Annamitic Mountain belt or farther NE)
Mukhopadhyay, M. & S. Dasgupta (1988)- Deep structure and tectonics of the Burmese Arc: constraints from
earthquakes and gravity data. Tectonophysics 149, p. 299-322.
Nagy, E.A., H. Maluski, C. Lepvrier, U. Scharer, Phan Truong Thi, A. Leyreloup & Vu Van Thich (2001)Geodynamic significance of the Kontum Massif in Central Vietnam: composite 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb Ages from
Paleozoic to Triassic. J. Geology 109, p. 755-770.
(Kontum massif of S-C Vietnam long regarded as Precambrian (Archean) lower continental crust, but younger
ages from U-Pb zircon (~250 Ma) and 40Ar/39Ar (243 Ma), implying two Paleozoic thermal events: (1) PermoTriassic magmatism, probably related to closing of Paleo-Tethys Sea; (2) Carboniferous crustal thickening and
heating during suturing of Indochina and S China blocks along Song Ma suture zone may have produced 340
Ma low-T thermal event. Kontum massif and Kannack metamorphic complex are exposures of deep crustal
levels of Permo-Triassic orogeny; Kontum massif did not rift from Precambrian granulite belt in Gondwana)
Nakaoka, S., Y. Suganuma & B. Ratanasthien (2003)- Tectonics and paleomagnetism northern Thai Tertiary
basins sediments. In: B. Ratanasthien et al. (eds.) Pacific Neogene paleoenvironments and their evolution, 8th
Int. Congr. on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai, 2003, p.
Nakapadungrat, S. & P. Putthapiban (1992)- Granites and associated mineralisation in Thailand. In: Proc. Nat.
Conf. Geologic resources of Thailand: potential for future develompment, Bangkok 1992, p. 153-171.
(online at: http://library.dmr.go.th/library/6192.pdf)
(Rb-Sr whiole rock ages indicate 4 periods of granite magmatism in Thailand: ~240 Ma (E Triassic), ~200-220
Ma (Late Triassic), ~130 Ma (E Cretaceous) and ~75-90 Ma (Late Cretaceous). Ar-Ar ages generally broader
ranges. Three belts: E (I-type,Triassic), C (S type, mainly Triassic) and W Belt (mixed I and S, Cretaceous)
Nguyen Xuan Dinh (1990)- Phy Cu- Phong Chau sandstone play, Hanoi Basin, Vietnam. In: CCOP/WRGA
Play modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 113-126..
(Assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbons and play description of E Miocene in Oligocene- Pliocene Hanoi
rift basin)
Ni, J.F., M. Guzman-Speziale, M. Bevis, M., W.E. Holt, T.C. Wallace & W.R. Seager (1989)- Accretionary
tectonics of Burma and the three-dimensional geometry of the Burma subduction zone. Geology 17, p. 68-71.
(Geometry of Burma Wadati-Benioff zone determined from earthquake hypocenters. Dip varies from ~50 in N
near E Himalayan syntaxis to ~30 in Bay of Bengal area)
Oo, T, T. Hlaing & N. Htay (2002)- Permian of Myanmar. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, 6, p. 683-689.
(Permo-Triassic shelfal carbonates with minor basal clastics widespread on Shan Plateau in E Myanmar.
Unconformable over of Devonian silici-carbonates in Shan State, and Carboniferous meta-siliciclastics in other
areas and suggest Permian limestones were deposited after emplacement of Mergui Terrane onto S margin of
the Shan-Thai Block, when Shan-Thai Block was in S hemisphere)
OLeary, H. & G.S. Hill (1989)- Tertiary basin development in the Southern Central Plains, Thailand. In: T.
Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. on Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang Mai
1989, p. 254-264.
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Otofuji, Y., Van Duc Tung, M. Fujihara, M. Tanaka, M. Yokoyama, K. Kitada & H. Zaman (2012)- Tectonic
deformation of the southeastern tip of the Indochina Peninsula during its southward displacement in the
Cenozoic time. Gondwana Res. (in press)
(Indochina Peninsula experienced S-ward displacement by 5.1 2.4 between 32-17 Ma. During displacement
Kontum massif rotated CCW by 27 10 within Indochina block. Left lateral motion along E Vietnam Boundary
Fault brought about this CCW rotation)
Pan, G. L. Wang, R. Li, S. Yuan, W. Ji, F. Yin, W. Zhang, B. Wang (2012)- Tectonic evolution of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. J. Asian Earth Sci. 53, 7, p. 3-14.
Panjasawatwong, Y., K. Zaw, S. Chantaramee, P. Limtrakun & K. Pirarai (2006)- Geochemistry and tectonic
setting of the Central Loei volcanic rocks, Pak Chom area, Loei, northeastern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 26,
p. 77-90.
(C Loei basalts and microgabbro are Late Devonian-E Carboniferous MOR Basalts and oceanic island-arc
lavas, erupted on oceanic basement in same ocean basin as Chiang Rai-Chiang Mai volcanic belt)
Panjasawatwong, Y. & W. Yaowanoiyothin (1993)- Petrochemical study of post-Triassic basalts from the Nan
Suture, northern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 147-158.
(Nan Suture metagabbros/ amphibolites and serpentinite melange represent Late Triassic collision suture
between Shan-Thai and Indo-China cratons. With Carboniferous- Permo-Triassic ocean-island basalts,
backarc basin and island-arc basalts and andesites, etc. Post-collisional, possibly Cenozoic, continental
intraplate basalts form discontinuous narrow belt, disconformably above melange)
Perez-Huerta, A., C. Chonglakmani & A. Chitnarinc (2007)- Permian brachiopods from new localities in
northeast Thailand: Implications for paleobiogeographic analysis. J. Asian Earth Sci. 30, p. 504-517.
(Small E and M Permian brachiopod faunas confirm Cathaysian affinities for brachiopods and fusulinids in NE
Thailand. Fossils in Nam Duk Fm molasse facies, also show possible Gondwanan relationships with
brachiopod taxa described in Australia)
Phajuy, B., Y. Panjasawatwong & P. Osataporn (2005)- Preliminary geochemical study of volcanic rocks in the
Pang Mayao area, Phrao, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand: tectonic setting of formation. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24,
p. 765-776.
(Permian mafic volcanic rocks from the Pang Mayao, Chiang Rai-Chiang Mai volcanic belt, are mid-ocean
ridge and ocean-island basalts, possibly remnants of consumed Paleotethys Ocean)
Philippe, M.,V. Sutheethorn, P. Lutat, E. Buffetaut, L. Cavin, G. Cuny & G. Barale (2004)- Stratigraphical and
palaeobiogeographical significance of fossil wood from the Mesozoic Khorat Group of Thailand. Geol. Mag.
141, p. 319-328.
(Fossil wood from poorly dated continental sediments of Khorat Gp, NE Thailand, strong relationships with
Indochina, especially Vietnam, and suggest age in M Jurassic- E Cretaceous. Trees grew alongside streams
under rather arid climate, becomin wetter during deposition of upper formations of Khorat Group)
Piyasin, S. (1971)- Marine Triassic sediments of Northern Thailand. Geol. Soc. Thailand, Newsl. 4, p. 12-30.
Piyasin, S. (1972)- Review of the Lampang group. Proc. Conf. Geol. Thailand, p. 101-107.
Polachan, S., S. Pradidtan, C. Tongtaow, S. Janmaha, K. Intarawijitr & C. Sangsuwan (1991)- Development of
Cenozoic basins in Thailand. Marine and Petrol. Geol. 8, p. 84-97.
(>60 Cenozoic onshore and offshore basins in Thailand, mainly N-S trending half grabens, initiated in Late
Oligocene. N-S trending extensional faults, related to NW-SE dextral and NE-SW conjugate sinistral strike-slip
faults, active since Oligocene and tied to clockwise rotation of SE Asia after India with S Asia collision. Four
main basins, Mergui, Pattani, Malay and Phitsanulok, with up to 8 km of sediments. Mainly continental facies,
except in Mergui Basin in Andaman Sea, where fill is mainly marine. Widespread perennial lake conditions
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onshore and in Western Graben Area of Gulf of Thailand. Change in tectonic and climatic conditions in M-L
Miocene, resulting in cessation of lake conditions and development of regional unconformity.
Polachan, S. & N. Sattayarak (1989)- Strike-slip tectonics and the development of Tertiary basins in Thailand.
In: T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds) Int. Symposium on intermontane basins, geology and resources,
Chiang Mai, p. 243-253
Pongsapich, W., V. Pisutha-Arnond & P. Charusiri (1983)- Review of felsic plutonic rocks of Thailand. In: T.
Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai
1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. Haad Yai 1983, p. 213-232.
(Granitic rocks in Thailand in three main parallel belts: Eastern (Triassic), Central (Triassic), and Western
(Cretaceous))
Pradidtan, S. (1989)- Characteristics and controls of lacustrine deposits of some Tertiary basins in Thailand. In:
T. Thanasuthipitak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Int. Symp. on Intermontane basins: geology and resources, Chiang
Mai 1989, p. 133-145.
Qiu, Z.L., F.Y. Wu, S.F. Yang, M. Zhu, J.F. Sun & P. Yang (2009)- Age and genesis of the Myanmar jadeite:
constraints from U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of zircon inclusions. Chinese Science Bull. 54, 4, p. 658-668.
(U-Pb ages of zircons in Myanmar jadeite from collisional belt between India- Eurasia plates 158 2 Ma (Late
Jurassic. Its formation has no genetic relationship to collision between India- Eurasia continental plates)
Racey, A. (2009)- Mesozoic red bed sequences from SE Asia and the significance of the Khorat Group of NE
Thailand. In: E. Buffetaut et al. (eds.) Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ecosystems in SE Asia. Geol. Soc.,
(Much of Khorat Gp of NE Thailand is Early Cretaceous, rather than Late Triassic- E Cretaceous. Jurassic
absent. Khorat Gp deposited in foreland basin, not thermal sag following Late Triassic rifting. Two 'Indosinian'
orogenies recognized, one in Late Permian- Triassic (along Nan-Uttaradit suture/ Petchabun foldbelt/ BentongRaub suture), followed by Late Triassic rifting, followed by second tectonic event near end-Triassic)
Racey, A. (2011)- Petroleum geology. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand,
Geol. Soc., London, Memoir, p. 351-392.
Racey, A. & J.G.S. Goodall (2009)- Palynology and stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Khorat Group of NE Thailand.
In: E. Buffetaut et al. (eds.) Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ecosystems in SE Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec.
Publ. 315, p. 67-81.
(Most of NE Thailand Khorat group redbeds is of Cretaceous age; no Jurassic present)
Racey, A., M.A. Love, A.C. Canham, J.G.S. Goodall, S. Polochan & P.D. Jones (1996)- Stratigraphy and
reservoir potential of the Mesozoic Khorat Group, NE Thailand: Part 1: Stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution.
J. Petrol. Geol. 19, 1, p. 5-39.
(Nam Phong Fm dated accurately for irst time as Late Norian- Rhaetian, while overlying Khorat Gp reassigned
to Early Cretaceous (Berriasian- Aptian) . Age of intervening Phu Kradung Fm probably Late Jurassic or E
Cretaceous. Changes in provenance between Nam Phong and overlying Phu Kradung Fm suggest possible
sedimentary hiatus. Palaeocurrent data suggest main source from N and E. Part 2 see Canham et al. 1996)
Racey, A., A.B. Smith & O. Dawson (1994)- Permian echinoderms from Peninsular Thailand. In: Proc. Int.
Symposium on stratigraphic correlation of Southeast Asia, Bangkok 1994, p. 106-114.
(online at: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/files/racey-84719.pdf)
(Four species of crinoid (Trimerocrinus, Parabursacrinus, Timorocidaris, etc.) and one blastoid (Deltoblastus
permicus) described for first time from Ratburi Lst of Peninsular Thailand. All taxa previously known mainly or
only from E-M Permian of Basleo, Timor. Suggests Peninsular Thailand and Timor (Maubisse Lst) were in
same faunal province around Artinskian time. Associated with Tubiphytes and 'mid-Permian' foraminifera,
including Shanita amosi, Hemigordiopsis renzi, Hemigordius reicheli, Parafusilina sp., etc.)
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Ramingwong, T. (1978)- A review of the Khorat Group of Thailand. In: P. Nutalya (ed.) Proc. Third Reg. Conf.
Geology and Mineral Resources of SE Asia (GEOSEA III), Bangkok, p. 763-774.
Ratanasthien, B. (2002)- Problems of Neogene biostratigraphic correlation in Thailand and surrounding areas.
Rev. Mexicana Ciencias Geol. 19, 3, p. 235-241.
(online at: http://rmcg.unam.mx/19-3/(10)Ratanasthien.pdf)
(Main tools in Thailand Neogene correlation are vertebrate fossils and palynology)
Ratanasthien, B. (2011)- Coal deposits. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of
Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 393-414.
Remus, D., M. Webster & K. Keawkan (1993)- Rift architecture and sedimentology of the Phetchabun
intermontane basin, central Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 421432.
(Phetchabun Basin, onshore C Thailand is one of >30 Tertiary intermontane basins in Thailand. Composite of
several N-S trending half and full graben, 1100-2500m deep, formed through transtensional dextral shear along
Mae Ping fault zone. Oligocene syn-rift fluvial deposits and associated rift volcanics, followed by Oligocene-MMiocene fluvial and lacustrine deposits. E and Late M Miocene intrusives reflect periods of igneous activity. M
Miocene tectonic episode. Waxy oils and dry gas in thin bedded sandstones and igneous sills)
Rhodes, B.P., J. Blum & T. Devine (2000)- Structural development of the mid-Tertiary Doi Suthep
Metamorphic Complex and Western Chiang Mai Basin, Northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 97-108.
(Doi Suthep Metamorphic Complex near Chiang Mai developed between Triassic- E Miocene, with detachment
and uplift during Oligocene-Miocene)
Rhodes, B.P., J. Blum, T. Devine & K. Ruangvataasirikul (1997)- Geology of the Doi Suthep metamorphic
complex and adjacent Chiang Mai Basin. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution in Southeast
Asia and the South Pacific, Bangkok, p. 305-313.
Rhodes, B.P., R. Conejo, T. Benchawan, S. Titus & R. Lawson (2005)- Palaeocurrents and provenance of the
Mae Rim Formation, Northern Thailand: implications for tectonic evolution of the Chiang Mai basin. J. Geol.
Soc., London, 162, p. 51-63.
(Chiang Mai basin is largest of series of rift basins in N Thailand. Several phases of extension from Late
Oligocene -Quaternary, with at least two periods of basin inversion. Paleocurrent and clast-composition data
from Mae Rim Fm. alluvial fans and lacustrine deposits suggest provenance from W, from low-grade
metasedimentary rocks of W Ranges metamorphic complex. Most of Mae Rim Fm accumulated during uplift of
Western Ranges but before erosion had breached detachment fault)
Rhodes, B.P., R. Perez, A. Lamjuan & S. Kosuwan (2004)- Kinematics and tectonic implications of the Mae
Kuang Fault, northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, p. 79-89.
(NE trending Mae Kuang strike-slip fault does not accommodate mid-Tertiary E-W extension in N Thailand.
Fault probably initiated between 20- 5 Ma, simultaneous with slip inversion on Mae Ping and Red River Faults)
Ronghe, S. & K. Surarat (2002)- Acoustic impedance interpretation for sand distribution adjacent to a rift
boundary fault, Suphan Buri basin, Thailand. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 86, p. 1753-1771.
(Suphan Buri basin N-S trending onshore Tertiary non-marine rift basin in Central Plain of Thailand, between
two NW-SE trending strike-slip fault zones, Mae Ping and Three Pagodas fault zones. Seismic impedance used
to image water-saturated sands in producing interval of half graben. Two styles of sand distribution: axial
deposits comprising delta lobes and boundary fault-induced fan deltas and feeder canyons deposits)
Ridd, M.F. (1971)- The Phuket Group of Peninsular Thailand. Geol. Magazine 108, p. 445-446.
Ridd, M.F. (2007)- A geological traverse across Peninsular Thailand. Geol. Soc. Thailand, Bangkok, Spec.
Issue 1, p.
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Ridd, M.F. (2008)- Khao Thalai red-beds, a Lower Triassic or older formation in Chanthaburi and Rayong
Provinces, SE Thailand. In: Proc. Int. Symp. Geoscience resources and environments of Asian terranes
(GREAT 2008), Bangkok, p. 36-41.
(Unfossiliferous red sandstone and conglomerate ('Khao Thalai Redbeds') on Gulf of Thailand coast SW of
Chanthaburi, SE Thailand. Underlie limestone with Scythian-Anisian foraminifera, so redbeds are older thanE-M Triassic)
Ridd, M.F. (2009)- The Phuket Terrane: a Late Palaeozoic rift at the margin of Sibumasu. J. Asian Earth Sci.
36, p. 238-251.
(Kaeng Krachan Gp of Peninsular Thailand identified as infill of rift between Sibumasu and Gondwana, and
given name Phuket Terrane. Rift-infill several km thick, with glacially-influenced diamictites similar to >3 km
pre-M Permian rift-fill of Carnarvon Basin, W Australia. Khlong Marui Fault E boundary of rift, Three
Pagodas Fault zone also rift margin. Rifting ceased in E Permian and passive margin formed as Mesotethys
ocean widened. U Kaeng Krachan Gp and overlying Ratburi Lst part of post-rift)
Ridd, M.F. (2009)- Geological history of the Sibumasu Block in Peninsular Thailand: report of a Geologists
Association Field Meeting in 2007. Proc. Geologists Assoc. 120, p. 163-174.
(Thailand two main terranes, both of Gondwana origin: Sibumasu in W, Indochina in E, which collided in Late
Triassic. Cambrian-Miocene Sibumasu sediments crop out in Peninsular Thailand, as well as two N-S chains of
granite plutons: Cretaceous-Paleogene age in W, Triassic further E)
Ridd, M.F. (2011)- Lower Palaeozoic. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand,
Ridd, M.F. (2012)- The role of strike-slip faults in the displacement of the Palaeotethys suture zone in Southeast
Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 51, p. 63-84.
(Six N-S tectono-stratigraphic belts in SE Thailand (1) W-most Belt, part of Sibumasu Block, while E-most belt
(5) is Permian accretionary complex on W flank of Indochina. Belt (3) comprises volcanics and CarboniferousTriassic sediments with distinctive faunas, interpreted to be volcanic arc; Belt (4) comprises Triassic rocks of
back-arc basin origin; Belt (6) is unconformable cover of Jurassic-Cretaceous red-beds. Triassic Indosinian
Orogeny led to cratonization of SE Thailand by end-Triassic. Apparent absence of Devonian-Triassic
Palaeotethys Ocean (Inthanon Zone of N Thailand) in SE due to post-Indosinian sinistral strike-slip faulting)
Ridd, M.F., A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (2011)- Introduction to the geology of Thailand. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J.
Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 1-32.
Ridd, M.F., A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) (2011)- The geology of Thailand. Geol. Soc., London, Memoir, p.
1-614.
(Comprehensive overview of geology of Thailand, including tectonic evolution, stratigraphy, petroleum, coal,
minerals, igneous rocks, etc.)
Rigby, S.M., A.A. Bal, H.M. Burgisser, D.K. Harris, M.A. Herber, S. Thumprasertwong & S. Winkler (1992)The Phitsanulok lacustrine basin, onshore Thailand. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery
Article 91015. (Abstract only)
(Phitsanulok basin is N-S trending intra-cratonic rift with up to 8 km of Tertiary sediments. Early rifting in
Oligocene and E Miocene. Later compressional phase accompanied by basic volcanism. Lake Phitsanulok was
1000-4000 km2 body of fresh water, with up to 400 m of organic-rich claystones. Lake margins coarser deltaic
deposits constitute main reservoirs of Sirikit oilfield. Sukhothai Depression main kitchen, first generating oil in
M Miocene. Crudes are light (40 API) and waxy, with low sulfur and a high pour point)
Royden, L.H., B.C. Burchfiel & R.D. van der Hilst (2008)- The geological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.
Science 321, p. 1054-1058.
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Saengsrichan, W, T. Charoentitirat, A. Meesook, K. Hisada & P. Charusiri (2011)- Paleo-environments and

tectonic setting of the Mesozoic Thung Yai Group in Peninsular Thailand, with a new record of Parvamussium
donaiense Mansuy. Gondwana Res. 19, 1, p. 47-60.
(300 m thick late E Jurassic- E Cretaceous Thung Yai Gp along E margin of Shan Thai block, unconformable
between Triassic marine and Tertiary non-marine sediments. Dominantly brackish- non-marine clastics with
few limestone beds. First record in peninsular S Thailand of bivalve Parvamussium donaiense. Represent E-M
Jurassic inundation after Late Triassic closure of Paleotethys)
Saengsrichan, W., J. Sha, A. Meesook & K. Hisada (2009)- Lithostratigraphy and petrography of marine
Jurassic rocks in the Mae Sot area, Tak Province, western Thailand: implications for depositional environment
and tectonics. Geol. Foren. Forh. 131, p. 83-103.
(online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11035890902857895(
(Marine Jurassic rocks from the Mae Sot area of W Thailand 200-832 m thick, Toarcian- Bajocian age, shallow
marine clastics with occasional carbonate platforms and reef flats)
Saesaengseerung, D., S. Agematsu, K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2009)- Discovery of Lower Permian radiolarian
and conodont faunas from the bedded chert of the Chanthaburi area along the Sra Kaeo suture zone, Eastern
Thailand. Paleont. Res., Pal. Soc. Japan, 13, 2, p. 119-138.
(Lower Permian (Asselian- Sakmarian) radiolarians and conodonts from bedded chert blocks in Thung Kabin
melange of Chanthaburi area, E Thailand. Probably deposited in pelagic environment at low latitudes of S
Hemisphere in Palaeotethys or Palaeotethyan back-arc basin)
Saesaengseerung, D., K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2007)- Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous radiolarian fauna
from the Pak Chom area, Loei Province, northeastern Thailand. Paleontological Res. 11, 2, p. 109-121.
(Late Devonian- E Carboniferous radiolarian fauna in chert-clastic section along Khong River, Pak Chom area,
NE Thailand. Deposited in pelagichemipelagic environment within Paleotethys Ocean in Late FamennianTournasian, probably on Nakhon Thai Block, subducted beneath Indochina Block. This suggests subduction and
accretion of Naknon Thai Block continued through E Carboniferous)
Saesaengseerung, D., K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2008)- Discovery of Middle Triassic radiolarian fauna from the
Nan area along the Nan-Uttaradit suture zone, northern Thailand. Paleontological Res. 12, 4, p. 397-409.
(M Triassic radiolaria of Anisian Triassocampe deweveri fauna in siliceous rocks at Nan area along NanUttaradit suture zone, N Thailand. Deposited in pelagic environment in Nan-Uttaradit back-arc basin between
Simao and Indochina blocks, suggesting this basin was connected with Paleo-Tethys and Panthalassa oceans
and closed after M Triassic)
Saesaengseerung, D., K. Sashida & A. Sardsud (2009)- Devonian to Triassic radiolarian faunas from Northern
and Northeastern Thailand. In: GEOTHAI '07, Int. Conf. on Geology of Thailand, p. 54-71.
(http://library.dmr.go.th/library/12703.pdf)
(Radiolarian biostratigraphy of Devonian-Triassic deep marine sequences in N and NE Thailand. Twelve
radiolarian zones proposed. Palaeo-Tethys ocean probably existed between Shan-Thai (=Sibumasu) and
Indochina terranes at least since E Devonian. Timing of collision between Shan-Thai and Indochina later than
E? Carnian (early Late Triassic))
Saing, U.C. (2003)- Evolution of Neogene Basins in Myanmar. In: B. Ratanasthien et al. (eds.) Pacific Neogene
paleoenvironments and their evolution, 8th Int. Congr. on Pacific Neogene Stratigraphy, Chiang Mai, 2003, p.
Sakagami, S. (1968)- Permian Bryozoa from Khao Ta Mong Rai, Peninsular Thailand. In: Geology and
Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 5, University of Tokyo Press, p. 47-67.
Sakagami, S. (1999)- Permian bryozoans from some localities in the Khao Hin Kling area near Phetchbun,
north-central Thailand. Bull. Kitakyushi Mus. Nat. Hist. 18, p. 77-103.
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Sakagami, S. & J. Twai (1974)- Permian fusulinaceans from the Pha Duk Chik limestone and in the limestone
conglomerate in its environs, North Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia 14, University of
Sashida, K., H. Igo, S. Adachi, K. Ueno, Y. Kajiwara, N. Nakornsri & A. Sardsud (2000)- Late Permian to
Middle Triassic radiolarian faunas from Northern Thailand. J. Paleontology 74, 5, p. 789-811.
(Late Permian- M Triassic radiolarians from Shan-Thai Block in almost continuous chert- shale sequences
exposed N of Chiang Mai, N Thailand. 50 species,35 genera)
Sashida, K., H. Igo, K. Hisada, N. Nakornsri & A. Ampornmaha (1993)- Occurrence of Paleozoic and early
Mesozoic radiolaria in Thailand (preliminary report). J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 97-108.
Sashida, K., H. Igo, K. Ueno, N. Nakornsri & A. Sardsud (1998)- Late Paleozoic radiolarian fauna from
northern and northeastern Thailand. Science Repts. Inst. Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, B 19, p. 1-27.
Sashida, K., N. Nakornsri, K. Ueno & A. Sardsud (2000)- Carboniferous and Triassic radiolarian faunas from
the Saba Yoi area, southernmost part of Peninsular Thailand and their paleogeographic significance. Science
Reports Inst. Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, B, 21, p. 71-99
Sashida, K. & S. Salyapongse (2002)- Permian radiolarian faunas from Thailand and their paleogeographic
significance. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 691-701.
(Eight Permian radiolarian zones in chert and fine-grained pelagic-hemipelagic rocks in Permian of Thailand,
Deposited in deep pelagic environment of Paleotethys Ocean that existed between Late Devonian- M Triassic. N
Thailand uppermost Permian- M Triassic deposited in pelagic basin, in E Thailand change in depositional
environment from deep pelagic in Permian to shallow seas in Triassic)
Sashida, K., S. Salyapongse & P. Charusiri (2002)- Lower Carboniferous radiolarian fauna from the Saba YoiKabang area, southernmost part of Peninsular Thailand. Micropaleontology 48, Suppl. 1, Proc. INTERRAD 9, p.
129-143.
(Lower Carboniferous radiolaria from black chert intercalated in thick-bedded sandstone at Saba Yoi-Kabang,
S peninsular Thailand. Fauna 23 species of U Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous) Albaillella indensis
assemblage, also known from Pyrenees, SW China, peninsular Malaysia and E Australia. Deposited in pelagichemipelagic environment in Paleotethys Ocean)
Sashida, K. & S. Salyapongse & N. Nakornsri (2000)- Latest Permian radiolarian fauna from Klaeng, Eastern
Thailand. Micropaleontology 46, 3, p. 245-263.
Sato, T. (1972)- Ammonites du Toarcien au Nord de Saigon. In: Geology and Palaeont. of Southeast Asia 10, p.
231-242.
(Toarcian ammonites N of Saigon)
Sattayrak, N. (1983)- Review of the Mesozoic stratigraphy of Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc.
Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 127148.
(Thailand widespread non-marine Mesozoic redbeds, especially in NE (Khorat Plateau). More marine in W.
Mainly of Triassic age (Cretaceous?; HvG))
Sattayrak, N., B. Chaisilboon, S. Srikulwung, R. Charusirisawat et al. (1999)- Tectonic evolution and basin
development of Northeast Thailand. In: Proc. 35th Sess. Sess. Co-ord. Comm. Coastal Offshore Geosc.
Programs E and SE Asia (CCOP), Subic Bay 1998, 2, Techn. Repts, p. 39-62.
Sattayarak, N., S. Polachan & R. Charusirisawad (1991)- Cretaceous rock salt in the northeastern part of
Thailand. Proc. GEOSEA VII Conf., Bangkok 1991, p.
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Sattayarak, N., S. Srigulwong & S. Pum-Im (1989)- Petroleum potential of the Triassic pre-Khorat intermontane
basins in northeastern Thailand. In: T. Thansutipak & P. Ounchanum (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Intermontane basins:
geology and resources, Chiang Mai, p. 43-58.
Searle, M.P. (2006)- Role of the Red River shear zone, Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE
Asia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 163, p. 1025-1036.
(1000 km long Ailao Shan-Red River fault zone from SE Tibet to Gulf of Tonkin and S China Sea. Left-lateral
strike-slip shearing along Red River shear zone started after 21 Ma, not 35 Ma as previously thought, and fault
was purely crustal structure. None of geological features used to propose 500-1000 km offsets are robust, and
total offset remains unknown)
Searle, M.P. & C.K. Morley (2011)- Tectonic and thermal evolution of Thailand in the regional context of SE
Asia. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p.
539-571.
Searle, M.P., S.R. Noble, J.M. Cottle, D.J. Waters, A.H.G. Mitchell, Tin Hlaing & M.S.A. Horstwood (2007)Tectonic evolution of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Burma (Myanmar) constrained by U-Th-Pb dating of
metamorphic and magmatic rocks. Tectonics 26, 3, 24 p. 1-24.
(Mogok metamorphic belt of Birma extends >1500 km along W margin of Shan-Thai block. Previous
geochronology suggested long-lasting Jurassic- E Cretaceous subduction-related event with emplacement of
granodiorites and orthogneisses (171-120 Ma) and poorly constrained Tertiary metamorphic event. New U-Pb
isotope data suggest two Tertiary metamorphic events affecting MMB: (1) Paleocene ~59 Ma and (2) Late
Eocene- Oligocene (possibly 47, 37-29 Ma))
Senowbari-Daryan, B. & R. Ingavat-Helmcke (1993)- Upper Permian sponges from Phrae province (northern
Thailand). In: International Symposium on Biostratigraphy of mainland Southeast Asia: facies and paleontology,
p. 439-451.
Senowbari-Daryan, B. & R. Ingavat-Helmcke (1994)- Sponge assemblage of some Upper Permian reef
limestones from Phrae province (Northern Thailand). Geologija 36, p. 5-59.
(Fauna of uppermost Permian reefal limestones of Phrae province, N Thailand dominated by sponges incl.
hexactinellida, sclerospongea, 'sphinctozoans', and 'inozoans'. Associated with Tubiphytes and Hemigordius, but
no corals and fusulinid foraminifers found. Locality described here is W of 'Nan-Uttaradit' suture, which was
probably not trace of Paleotethys, but is closure of minor oceanic basin)
Sepulchre, P., D. Jolly, S. Ducrocq, Y. Chaimanee, J.J. Jaeger & A. Raillard (2010)- Mid-Tertiary
paleoenvironments in Thailand: pollen evidence. Climates of the Past 6, p. 461-473.
(Pollen assemblages from Late Oligocene and M-L Miocene mammal sites. Palynoflora from Oligocene
suggests warm temperate forests at 24-26 Ma. M Miocene assemblages thermophilous taxa. Change can be
linked to climate reorganization that brought warmer and wetter conditions over SE Asia around 22 Ma)
Shawe, D.R. (1984)- Geology and mineral deposits of Thailand. US Geol. Survey Open-File Report 84-403, p.
1-190.
(online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0403/report.pdf)
Shen, S., Q. Feng, W. Yang, Z. Zhang & C. Chonglakmani ()- Study on the geochemical characteristics of
ocean-ridge and oceanic-island volcanic rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, northern Thailand. Chinese J.
Geochemistry 29, 2, p. 175-181.
(Ophiolite melange in Nan-Uttaradit zone, N Thailand, formed in Late Devonian- Permian. Metamorphic
tholeiites similar to ocean-ridge basalts, hawaiites in Nan area similar to oceanic-island basalts. Basalts are all
oceanic volcanic rocks and part of Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust)
Shen, S.Z., G.R Shi & Z.J. Fang (2002)- Permian brachiopods from the Baoshan and Simao Blocks in
westernYunnan, China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20, p. 665-682.
69
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Shi, G.R., L. Raksaskulwong & H.J. Campbell (2002)- Early Permian brachiopods from northern and central
peninsular Thailand. In: L.V. Hills et al. (eds.) Carboniferous and Permian of the World, Canadian Soc. Petrol.
Geol., Mem. 19, p. 596-608.
Shi, G.R., S. Shen, S., H.J. Campbell & L. Raksaskulwong (2001)- A Meekella-dominated Early Permian
brachiopod assemblage from central Peninsular Thailand. In: Contributions to Geology and Paleontology of
Gondwana in honour of Helmut Wopfner, Cologne, p. 441-451.
Singharajwarapan, S. & R.F. Berry (1993)- Structural analysis of the accretionary complex in Sirikit Dam area,
Uttaradit, Northern Thailand. J. SE. Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 233-245.
Singharajwarapan, S. & R. Berry (2000)- Tectonic implications of the Nan Suture Zone and its relationship to
the Sukhothai Fold Belt, Northern Thailand. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18, p. 663-673.
(Nan Suture and Sukhothai Fold Belt mark Shan-Thai -Indochina collision zone. Shan-Thai Terrane rifted from
Gondwana in E Permian. As it drifted N, subduction complex developed along N margin. Nan serpentinitic
melange is Late Permian accretionary complex with offscraped blocks from subducted Carboniferous and
Permian oceanic crust. Deformational style supports W-dipping subduction zone. Late Permian-Late Triassic
fore-arc basin sediments preserved in Sukhothai Fold Belt. Sequence was folded and complexly thrust in Late
Triassic as result of collision. Post-orogenic sediments prograded across suture in Jurassic)
Sone, M., C. Chonglakmani & A. Chitnarin (2009)- Middle Permian productidine brachiopods from Central
Thailand (the Indochina Terrane) with paleobiogeographic implications. J. Paleontology 83, 5, p. 804-810.
(Assemblage of productid brachiopods Haydenella, Paraplicatifera and Compressoproductus from Wordian of
U Saraburi Limestone Gp of C Thailand (W margin Indochina Terrane) suggests endemism for M Permian
marine faunule of Indochina Terrane)
Songtham, W., B. Ratanasthien, D.C. Mildenhall, S. Singharajwarapana & W. Kandharosaa (2003)- OligoceneMiocene climatic changes in Northern Thailand resulting from extrusion tectonics of Southeast Asian landmass.
ScienceAsia 29, p. 221-233.
(online at: http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/)
(Tertiary basins of N Thailand two main palynological assemblages: warm temperate (Oligocene- E Miocene,
with common conifers) and tropical (M Miocene, probably also E Miocene age). Climate in Thailand changed
from temperate to tropical in Oligo-Miocene, possibly caused by S-SE-ward movement of SE Asian landmass by
extrusion tectonics induced by India- Eurasia collision, beginning at ~40-50 Ma)
Songtham, W., B. Ratanasthien, M. Watanasak, D. Mildenhall, S. Singharajwarapan & W. Kandharosa (2005)Tertiary basin evolution in northern Thailand: a palynological point of view. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 53, p.
17-32.
Srinak, N., K. Hisada, Y. Kamata & P. Charusiri (2007)- Stratigraphy of the Mae Sariang Group of
Northwestern Thailand:implication for paleoenvironments and tectonic setting. Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn
University 7, 2, p. 87-108.
(online at: http://www2.biology.sc.chula.ac.th/web%20of%20NHJCU%20PDF/7-2,%2087-108.pdf)
(M-L Triassic deep marine clastics of Mae Sariang Gp of NW Thailand in narrow N-S belt and ~900m thick.
Conformably over deformed Permian marine clastics and unconformably below subhorizontal Jurassic clastics.
Conglomerate-lithic sandstone near base (with Halobia and Daonella bivalves), more mudstone and
radiolarian chert in middle and with abundant Halobia and Posidonia bivalves near top of section. Interpreted
as deposits of Permian-Triassic intra-cratonic basin (branch of Paleotethys?), within Shan-Tai Terrane, which
closed in Late Triassic (Ishida et al. 2006 proposed this belt as the principal Paleotethys suture; HvG))
Sugiyama, T. & R. Toriyama (1981)- Coral and fusuline faunas from the Kabin Buri Area, East Central
Thailand. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 22, University of Tokyo Press, p. 1-22.
70
July 2012
Suwannathong, A. & D. Khummongkol (2007)- Oil shale resource in Mae Sot Basin, Thailand. In: 27th Oil
Shale Symposium, Colorado School of Mines, p. 1-8.
(On E Miocene lacustrine oil shale in Mae Sot Basin, Tak Province, NW Thailand)
Taiyaqupt, M., P. Charusiri & W. Pongsapich (1984)- Geology and stratigraphy of Sri Racha area, Chonburi
Province, Eastern Thailand. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur
1984, 2, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 20, p. 59-71.
Tantiwanit, W., L. Raksaskulwong & N. Mantajit (1983)- The Upper Palaeozoic pebbly rocks in southern
Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on stratigraphic correlation of Thailand and
Malaysia, Haad Yai 1983, Geol. Soc. Thailand, p. 96-104.
(Widespread pebbly rocks/ diamictites in Carboniferous- E Permian marine Kaeng Krachan Fm in W Thailand.
Can be correlated with Mergui Fm of Burma and Singa Fm of Malaysia. May be ice-rafted deposits and tillites,
some may be slump deposits)
Thanasuthipitak, T. (1978)- Geology of Uttaradit area and its implications on tectonic history of Thailand, Proc.
3rd Reg. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resources of S.E. Asia, Bangkok, p. 187-197.
Thanomsap, S. & S. Sitahirun (1992)- The Mae Sot oil shale. In C. Piancharoen (ed.): Proc. Nat. Conf.
Geologic resources of Thailand: potential for future development, Dept. Min. Res., Bangkok, p. 676-691.
(On E Miocene lacustrine oil shale in Mae Sot Basin, Tak Province, NW Thailand)
Thassanapak, H., M. Udchachon, C. Chonglakmani & Q. Feng (2011)- Geochemistry of Middle Triassic
radiolarian cherts from northern Thailand: implication for depositional environment. J. Earth Science 22, 6, p
688-703.
Thienprasert, A. & M. Raksaskulwong (1984)- Heat flow in northern Thailand. Tectonophysics 103, p. 217233.
(Heat flow in N Thailand highly variable. Four regions with high heat-flow, over 100 mW/m2: Fang oil fields,
San Kamphaeng geothermal area, Mae Sot and W margin of Khorat plateau)
Thuy Nguyen, T.B., M. Satir, W. Siebel & S.Chen (2004)- Granitoids in the Dalat zone, southern Vietnam: age
constraints on magmatism and regional geological implications. Int. J. Earth Sci. 93, p. 329-340.
(Dalat zone Cretaceous Andean-type magmatic arc with granitoids and volcanic rocks. Three suites: Dinhquan
at ~112-100 Ma, Cana at ~96-93 Ma and Deoca at ~92-88 Ma. Geochronological data support continuation of
Andean-type arc running from SE China via S Vietnam to SW Borneo)
Thuy Nguyen, T.B., M. Satir, W. Siebel, T. Vennemann & Trinh Van Long (2004)- Geochemical and isotopic
constraints on the petrogenesis of granitoids from the Dalat zone, southern Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p.
467-482.
(Cretaceous granitoids of Dalat zone are of sub-alkaline affinity, belong to high-K calc-alkaline series and
display features typical of I-type granites)
Tien, Phan Cu et al. (eds.) (1991)- Geology of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Explanatory note to Geological
map, 1,000,000 scale, 2nd ed., Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, p. 1-158.
Tingay, M.R.P., C.K. Morley, R.R. Hillis & J. Meyer (2010)- Present-day stress orientation in Thailand's basins.
J. Struct. Geol. 32, p. 235-248.
(Borehole breakouts in wells from 6 basins indicate N-S Smax in S Thailand and Gulf of Thailand, inconsistent
with those predicted from India- Eurasia collision. Stresses from Sumatran-Andaman subduction zone may have
resulted in significant deformation in offshore Thailand)
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Tofke, T., A. Lumjuan & D. Helmcke (1993)- Triassic syn-orogenic siliciclastics from the area of Mae Sariang
(northwestern Thailand). Int. Symp. Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia, Facies & Paleontology 2, p.
391-400.
Toriyama. R. (1944)- On some fusulinids from Northern Tai. Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr, vol. 19, p.
(Mid-Permian Pseudoschwagerina-dominated fusulinid assemblage from N Thailand)
Toriyama, R. (1984)- Summary of fusuline faunas in Thailand and Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of
Southeast Asia 25, University of Tokyo, p. 137-146.
Toriyama, R., T. Hamada, H. Igo, R. Ingavat, K. Kanmera. T. Kobayashi, T. Koike, et al. (1975)- The
Carboniferous and Permian Systems in Thailand and Malaysia. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast
Asia 15, University of Tokyo Press, p. 39-76.
Toriyama, R., K. Kanmera, S. Kaewbaidhoam & A. Hongnushonthi (1974)- Biostratigraphic zonation of the Rat
Buri Limestone in the Khao Phlong Phrab area, Sara Buri, Central Thailand. In: T. Kobayshi & R. Toriyama
(eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia 14, University of Tokyo, p. 25-48.
(About 250m of E-M Permian limestone, very rich in fusulinids (80 species, subdivided into 7 zones). High
affinity of fauna with SE Pamir, S China and Japan)
Toriyama, R., K. Pitakpavan & R. Ingavat (1978)- The paleogeographic characteristics of fusuline faunas of the
Rat Buri Group in Thailand and its equivalent in Malysia. In: P. Nutalaya (ed.) Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. Geology
Mineral Resources of SE Asia, GEOSEA III, Bangkok 1978, p. 107-111.
(Fusuline faunas of Thailand and Malaysia close relationship to W Tethys in M-U Carboniferous. In Permian
stronger affinity to E Tethys. No maps)
Tsubamoto, T., M Takai, N. Egi, N. Shigehara, S.T. Tun et al. (2002)- The Anthracotheriidae (Mammalia;
Artiodactyla) from the Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar) and comments on some other anthracotheres
from the Eocene of Asia. Paleont. Res. 6, 4, p. 363-384. (online at: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/...)
(On Eocene anthracoceres (hippopotamid like mammal) from Myanmar, also known from Timor)
Ueno, K. & T. Charoentitirat (2011)- Carboniferous and Permian. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow
(eds.) The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc., London, Mem., p. 71-136.
Ueno, K., A. Miyahigashi, Y. Kamata, M. Kato, T. Charoentitirat & S. Limruk. (2012)- Geotectonic
implications of Permian and Triassic carbonate successions in the Central Plain of Thailand. J. Asian Earth
Sci., p. (in press)
(Two Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement carbonate successions in Chao Phraya Central Plain of Thailand: (1)
Triassic succession exposed in E Uthai Thani Province, with rich foraminiferal fauna of Aulotortus sinuosus,
Tetrataxis inflata, etc. suggesting Late Triassic, Norian/Rhaetian age. Formed carbonate platform and is
comparable to Triassic Lampang-Phrae Basin in Sukhothai Zone of N Thailand; (2) Uthai Thani Lst to W of
this is slightly metamorphosed, thick-bedded Permian succession. Tied to Ratburi Lst typical of Permian on
Sibumasu Block. Three geotectonic domains in C Plain, from E to W: (1) Indochina Block (Cathaysialand), (2)
Sukhothai Zone (Permian-Triassic island arc system, and (3) Sibumasu Block (Gondwanaland))
Usuki, T., C.Y. Lan, K.L. Wang, T. A. Tran, M.W. Yeh, H.Y. Chiu & S.L. Chung (2010)- Early Archean
crustal components in the Indochina block: evidence from U-Pb ages and Hf isotope of detrital zircons from the
central Vietnam. In: 7th Int. Symp. Gondwana to Asia: evolution of Asian continent and its continental margins,
Qingdao 2010,Int. Assoc. Gondwana Res., Japan, p. 45. (Abstract only)
(online at: http://www.igm.nsc.ru/labs/lab212/~safonova/pdf/7thiagrabstracts.pdf)
(U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis of detrital zircons from C Vietnam rivers, to characterize continental
crust of Indochina block. Zircon dating results: Archean- Cambrian zircons four major clusters (2.5, 1.6, 1.00.9 and 0.65-0.5 Ga), younger zircons three clusters (450, 250, 30 Ma). Indochina block long crustal evolution
history, involving significant amount of Archean continental crustal components)
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Utha-Aroon, C. (1993)- Continental origin of the Maha Sarakham evaporites Northeastern Thailand. In: 7th
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Uttamo, W., C. Elders & G. Nichols (2003)- Relationships between Cenozoic strike-slip faulting and basin
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(Cenozoic tectonics in N Thailand resulted from collision between Indian plate and Eurasia. Continued
indentation of Indian plate into Eurasia caused polyphase extrusion of Sundaland and movement of major
strike-slip faults. Regional E-W extension in Late Oligocene-Early Miocene. Thirty-six major faults and 42
intra-cratonic basins recognized in N Thailand from Landsat TM images, >70% related to strike-slip tectonics)
Von Braun, E. & R. Jordan (1976)- The stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Mesozoic sequence in the Mae
Sot area in western Thailand. Geol. Jahrbuch. B, 21, p. 5-51.
Vu Khuc, D. (1990)- Palaeogeography of Viet Nam during the Triassic. ESCAP Atlas of Stratigraphy 9, p. 5472.
Vu Khuc (ed.) (1991)- Paleontological Atlas of Vietnam, vol. 3, Molluscs, Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, p.
Vu Khuc (2000)- The Triassic of Indochina Peninsula and its interregional correlation. In: H. Yin, J.M. Dickins
et al. (eds.) Permian-Triassic evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific, Developments in Palaeontology
and Stratigraphy, Elsevier, 18, p. 221-233.
(Triassic correlations in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand. Two types of Triassic: (1) An Chau, with felsic
volcanogenic Anisian unconformable on older formations, Carnian continental red beds or absent; (2) Song
Da, with calcareous Anisian conformable on Lw Triassic and with marine Carnian with deep-water halobiid
bivalves)
Vu Khuc & E. Cariou (1998)- Ammonites from Jurassic basins of Viet Nam and their stratigraphic implications.
Journ. Geology, HaNoi, 11-12, p. 107-120.
Vu Khuc, D. & D.T. Huyen (1998)- Triassic correlation of the Southeast Asian mainland. Palaeogeogr.,
Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 143, p. 285-291.
(Triassic in SE Asia mainly marine sediments. Fossils mostly bivalves and ammonoids. Biostratigraphic scales
to help correlate Triassic sequences of different SE Asian areas. Twelve assemblage zones distinguished. SE
Asia Triassic many species in common with S China and Himalayas)
Vu Khuc, C. Meister & D.T. Huyen (2005)- New results of the study on Early Jurassic ammonites from Viet
Nam and their stratigraphic implications. Int. Subcomm. Jurassic Stratigraphy Newsl. 32, p. 38-41.
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Wang, S., G. Wang & Q. Chen, (1999)- Sedimentary facies of the lower Permian Ngangze Formatio in the
Coquen Basin, Xizang. Sedimentary Facies and Paleogeography 19, p. 44-48. (in Chinese)
Wang Xiang-dong, T. Sugiyama & K. Ueno (1998)- Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy of the Baoshan
Block, West Yunnan, Southwest China. Permophiles, Newsletter Permian Stratigraphy 32, p. 38-40.
(Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy of Baoshan Block comparable to Sibumasu Block, which is
considered to be one of the Gondwana-derived terranes in present-day SE Asia. Basal Permian includes
diamictites of possible glaciomarine origin, fusulinid forams Pseudofusulina and Eoparafusulina, small solitary
corals incl Cyathaxonia and basaltic lavas. M Permian Shazipo Fm limestone with forams Eopolydiexodina,
Neoschwagerina sp., Verbeekina, Shanita amosi, Hemigordius and massive corals)
Watanasuk, M. (1989)- Palynological zonation of Mid-Tertiary intermontane basins in northern Thailand. In: T.
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Watanasak, M. (1990)- Mid-Tertiary palynostratigraphy of Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 3, p. 203218.
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J.B. Waterhouse et al. (eds.) The Permian stratigraphy and palaeontology of Southern Thailand, Geol. Survey
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Waterhouse, J.B. (1982)- An Early Permian cool-water fauna from pebbly mudstones in south Thailand. Geol.
Mag. 119, 4; p. 337-354.
(Small brachiopod fauna from E Permian pebbly mudstones- sandstones of Phuket Gp at Ko Muk and Ko Phi
Phi islands, Andaman Sea. Most genera are found in temperate- high palaeolatitudes, suggesting pebbly
mudstones are cool water deposits, contemporaneous with Late Asselian Gondwana glacial deposits)
Waterhouse, J.B. & S. Piyasin (1970)- Mid-Permian brachiopods from Khao Prik, Thailand. Palaeontographica,
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Watkinson, I., C. Elders & R. Hall (2008)- The kinematic history of the Khlong Marui and Ranong Faults,
southern Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 30, p. 1554-1571.
(Khlong Marui (KMF) and Ranong Fault (RF) NNE-trending strike-slip faults dissecting peninsular Thailand.
Two phases of ductile dextral shear, separated by Campanian magmatism. Paleocene-Eocene post-kinematic
granites date end of this phase. Brittle sinistral phase deforms granites, and exhumed ductile fault rocks. Faults
formed near S margin of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene orogen, and may have been influenced by variations in rate
of subduction. N-S compression prior to reactivation of subduction around southern Sundaland in Eocene
caused widespread deformation in overriding plate, including sinistral transpression on KMF and RF)
Watkinson, I., C. Elders, G. Batt, F. Jourdan, R. Hall & N.J. McNaughton (2011)- The timing of strike-slip
shear along the Ranong and Khlong Marui faults, Thailand. J. Geoph. Res., Solid Earth, 116, B09403, 26p.
(Ranong and Khlong Marui faults experienced major ductile dextral shear in M Eocene (48-40 Ma), which
followed two phases of dextral shear along Ranong Fault: before Late Cretaceous (>81 Ma) and Late
Paleocene- E Eocene (59-49 Ma). Many sheared rocks part of pre-kinematic crystalline basement, which
partially melted and was intruded by Late Cretaceous (81-71 Ma) and E Eocene (48 Ma) tin granites. Late
Eocene (<37 Ma) faults reactivation as curved sinistral branches of Mae Ping and Three Pagodas faults,
accommodating lateral extrusion during India-Asia collision and Himalayan orogenesis)
Watkinson, I., C. Elders & R. Hall (2008)- The kinematic history of the Khlong Marui and Ranong Faults,
southern Thailand. J. Struct. Geol. 30, p. 1554-1571.
Wattananikorn, K., J.A. Beshir & A. Nochaiwong (1995)- Gravity interpretation of Chiang Mai Basin, northern
Thailand: concentrating on Ban Thung Sieo area. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 12, p. 53-64
(Chiang Mai Tertiary basin five sub-basins. Depth to Cretaceous basement up to 2.3 km)
Wielchowsky, C.C. & J.D. Young (1985)- Regional facies variations in Permian rocks of the Petchabun fold and
thrust belt. In: Proc. Conf. Geology and Mineral Resource Development of NE Thailand, Khon Kaen Univ.,
Bangkok 1983, p. 41-55.
Win, T.T., R.M. Davies, W.L. Griffin, P. Wathanakul & D.H. French (2001)- Distribution and characteristics of
diamonds from Myanmar. J. Asian Earth Sci. 19, p. 563-577.
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of the Petchabun fold-belt in Central Thailand. In: T. Thanasuthipitak et al. (eds.) Proc. Workshop on
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(Lower and lower Middle Permian 'Nam Duk Fm, of Petchabun area mainly deep water limestones, cherts and
shales, with acid tuff interbeds. Presence of displaced shallow marine fusulinids (Sumatrina, Parafusulina).
Foram genus Hemigordius in most E-M Permian samples. Onset of overlying flysch and molasse deposits in M
Permian (Murgabian))
Wolfart, R. (1984)- Stratigraphy of the Western Shan Massiv, Burma. Geol. Jahrbuch, B57, p. 3-92.
Wolfart, R. (2003)- Ordovician faunas (Trilobita, Ostracoda, Cystoidea, Crinoidea) from West Thailand. Their
significance for biostratigraphy and balaeobiogeography. Geol. Jahrbuch B 94, p.1-265.
Wonganan, N. & M. Caridroit (2005)- Middle and Upper Devonian radiolarian faunas from Chiang Dao area,
Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. Micropaleontology 51, 1, p. 39-58.
(Diverse Devonian radiolarians in ribbon-bedded chert in accretionary complex N of Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai,
N Thailand, part of newly described (Paleotethys) suture zone. Radiolarians 43 species, Entactinaria dominant.
Trilonche minax (lower Frasnian) assemblage from Australia recognized in area. Radiolarian cherts evidence
for presence of wide paleo-ocean between Shan-Thai and Indochina continental terranes)
Wonganan, N. & M. Caridroit (2006)- Middle to Upper Permian radiolarian faunas from chert blocks in Pai
area, northwestern Thailand. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 99. Suppl. 1, p. 133-139.
(Well-preserved Permian radiolarians in chert blocks in Mae Hong Son province, NW Thailand, recently
mapped as Carboniferous. In N Thailand Devonian- Triassic was zone of deep marine sedimentation, one of
longest records of continuous deposition in oceanic setting)
Wonganan, N., C. Randon & M. Caridroit (2009)- Mississippian (early Carboniferous) radiolarian
biostratigraphy of northern Thailand (Chiang Dao area). Geobios 40, 6, p. 875-888.
(Five E Carboniferous radiolarian assemblage zones recognized in ribbon-bedded radiolarites N of Chiang
Dao, N Thailand. About 300m thick series of Devonian- M-L Triassic distal oceanic deposits present in N
Thailand, reflecting long-lived (150-200My) Paleotethys oceanic realm between Indochina and Shan-Thai
continental terranes)
Wongwanich, T. & A.J. Boucot (2011)- Devonian. In: M.F. Ridd, A.J. Barber & M.J. Crow (eds.) The Geology
Wongwanich, T., A.J. Boucot, C.H.C. Brunton, M.R. House & P.R. Racheboeuf (2004)- Namurian fossils
(brachiopods, goniatites) from Satun Province, southern Thailand. J. Paleontology 78, 6, p. 1072-1085.
(M Carboniferous goniatite and brachiopod fauna is described from Pa Samed Fm clastics in S Thailand, which
unconformably overlie E. Devonian (Emsian) dacryonarid-rich black mudstones. Brachiopod fauna several new
species and unlike any previously known from Asia)
Wongwanich, T., C.F. Burrett, W.Tansathien & P. Chaodumrong (1990)- Lower to Mid Palaeozoic stratigraphy
of mainland Satun province, southern Thailand. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 1, p. 1-9.
Yan, D.P., M.F. Zhou, C.Y. Wang & B. Xia (2006)- Structural and geochronological constraints on the tectonic
evolution of the Dulong-Song Chay tectonic dome in Yunnan province, SW China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 28, p.
332-353.
(Dulong-Song Chay dome on border of China (SE Yunnan) and N Vietnam consists of metamorphic core
complex, probably ~800 Ma protolith age, and cover sequence, separated by extensional detachment fault, both
overlain unconformably by Late Triassic strata. Late Silurian- E Devonian (~436402 Ma) granitic intrusion in
core complex. Metamorphic grades upper greenschist-low amphibolite facies in core to low greenschist facies in
cover sequence. Major extension at M Triassic (237 Ma). Dulong granites intruded the Dulong-Song Chay dome
at Early (144-140 Ma) and M Cretaceous (116=/-10 Ma))
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Yumuang, S., C. Khantaprab & M. Taiyaqupt (1986)- On the evaporate deposits in Bamnet Narong area,
northeastern Thailand. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.) Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 2,
Zhou, P. & S.B. Mukasa (1997)- Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic, and major- and trace-element geochemistry of Cenozoic
lavas from the Khorat Plateau, Thailand: sources and petrogenesis. Chem. Geol. 137, p. 175-193.
(Basaltic rocks from Khorat Plateau dated at 0.9 Ma, coinciding in time with extension of continental SE Asia
that began in mid-Cenozoic. Dominated by alkali-olivine basalt and hawaiite. Probably derived from melts
similar in isotopic character to moderately depleted Indian Ocean MORB. This asthenospheric source likely
prevalent beneath continentalSE Asia)
Zhou, Z. & M. Liengjarern (2004)- Lower Permian perrinitid ammonoid faunas from Thailand. J. Paleont. 78, 2,
p. 317-339.
(Artinskian Metaperrinites and Kungurian Perrinites faunas in Ratburi Group of N C Thailand and Saraburi
Group of S C Thailand. Form part of perrinitid belt of ancient Tethys from Crimea in W to Pamir, W China, C
Thailand to Timor in E)
Zhu, D.C., X.X. Mo, Y. Niu, Z.D. Zhao, L.Q. Wang, G.T. Pan, F.Y. Wu (2009)- Zircon U-Pb dating and in-situ
Hf isotopic analysis of Permian peraluminous granite in the Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet: implications for
Permian collisional orogeny and paleogeography. Tectonophysics 469, p. 48-60.
(Lhasa terrane is volcanic arc system during E-M Permian. Zircon dating of eclogite and granite from S margin
of C Lhasa Block and regional angular unconformity between M and U Permian point to Permian 'Gangdese
Orogeny' event at 263 Ma. May be caused by collision between Lhasa terrane and N margin of Australia,
following closure of Paleo-Tethyan Ocean S of Lhasa terrane)
Zhu, D.C., Z.D. Zhao, Y. Niu, Y. Dilek, Z.Q. Hou & X.X. Mo (2012)- The origin and pre-Cenozoic evolution of
the Tibetan Plateau. Gondwana Res. , 26p. (in press)
Zhu, D.C., Z.D. Zhao, Y. Niu, Y. Dilek & X.X. Mo (2012)- Lhasa terrane in southern Tibet came from
Australia. Geology 39, 8, p. 727-730.
(Detrital zircon ages and isotope data from Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of Lhasa terrane (Tibet) with
distinctive age population of ~1170 Ma with Hf(t) values identical to coeval detrital zircons from W Australia,
most likely derived from Albany-Fraser belt in SW Australia. Lhasa terrane exotic to Tibetan Plateau system,
not part of Qiangtang-Greater IndiaTethyan Himalaya continental margin system in Paleozoic)
Zuoqi, L. (1993)- The discovery and significance of the Late Jurassic sporopollen assemblage in Peninsular
Thailand. In T. Thanasuthipitak (ed.) Proc. Int. Symposium on Biostratigraphy of Mainland Asia: facies and
palaeontology, Chiang Mai, 2, p. 361-380.
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IX.4. South China Sea

Areshev, E.G., T.L. Dong, N.T. San & O.A. Shnip (1992)- Reservoirs in fractured basement on the continental
shelf of southern Vietnam. J. Petrol. Geol. 15, p. 451-464.
ASCOPE/ CCOP- Asian Council on Petroleum (1981)- Tertiary sedimentary basins of the Gulf of Thailand and
South China Sea: stratigraphy, structure and hydrocarbon occurrences. ASCOPE Secretariat, Jakarta, 72 p.
Baillie, P., T.V. Thang, P. Carter, P. Barber & T. Spry (2005)- Petroleum prospectivity in the Indonesia/
Vietnam border region. Proc. SEAPEX 2005, 12 p.
(TGS Heimdal seismic survey)
Barckhausen, U. & H.A. Roeser (2004)- Seafloor spreading anomalies in the South China Sea revisited. In: P.
Clift et al. (eds.) Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas, AGU Geoph. Mon. 149, p. 121125.
(Updated interpretation of seafloor spreading anomalies in S China Sea based on new magnetic data.
Symmetric seafloor spreading of 5.6 cm/year full rate began at ~31 Ma at E-W trending ridge in central part
of SCS. After ridge jump of ~50 km to S at 25 Ma spreading accelerated to 7.3 cm/ year. Second spreading
center became active in SW part of SCS, which remained separated from original spreading axis. Formation
of oceanic crust ended at 20.5 Ma at both axes. Interpretation differs significantly from earlier studies)
Ben-Avraham, Z. & S. Uyeda (1973)- The evolution of the China Basin and the Mesozoic paleogeography of
Borneo. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 18, p. 365-376.
(At least three stages in tectonic evolution of S China Sea basin: (1) N-S extension associated with formation of
oceanic crust in middle Mesozoic; (2) and (3) stages of E-W compression associated with closing of China
Basin in Tertiary, involving NW movement of Borneo toward Asia with underthrusting along Palawan Trough.
Early Mesozoic paleogeographic reconstruction places Borneo adjacent to mainland China and Hainan.
Opening of basin explained by simple rotation of small plate, which included Borneo and Natuna Islands)
Blanche, J.B. & J.D. Blanche (1997)- An overview of the hydrocarbon potential of the Spratly Islands
archipelago and its implications for regional development. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum geology of
Southeast Asia, Geol Soc, London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 293-310.
(Hydrocarbon potential of Spratly Islands archipelago relatively unknown and in region of many territorial
disputes. Surrounded by oil-producing areas of Vietnam, Natuna, NW Palawan, Luconia Shelf, etc.)
Bochu, Y. (1999)- The geotectonic character of SE Asia and Cenozoic tectonic history of South China Sea.
Gondwana Res. 2, 4, p. 512-515.
Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A,.L.H. Nielsen, H.P. Nytoft, H.I. Petersen, Nguyen Thi Dau et al. (2005)- Geochemical
characteristics of oil seepages from Dam Thi Nai, Central Vietnam: implications for hydrocarbon exploration in
the offshore Phu Khanh Basin. J. Petrol. Geol. 28, p 3-18.
(Active oil seepage on E coast of C Vietnam, adjacent to N part of offshore and largely unexplored Phu Khanh
Basin. Petroleum was generated from Tertiary marine marl source rock)
Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A, H.P. Nytoft & Nguyen Thi Dau (2009)- Petroleum composition in the Cuu Long Basin
(Mekong Basin) offshore southern Vietnam. Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, p. 899-908.
(Cuu Long (Mekong) rift basin off S Vietnam important petroleum basin. Oils from four fields are highly
paraffinic. Originated from lacustrine source rocks, presumably Oligocene lacustrine shales in syn-rift)
Boulay S., C. Colin, A. Trentesaux, S. Clain, Z. Liu & C. Lauer-Leredde (2007)- Sedimentary responses to the
Pleistocene climate variations recorded in the South China Sea. Quat. Res. 68, p. 162-172.
Braitenberg, C., S. Wienecke, & Y. Wang (2006)- Basement structures from satellite-derived gravity field:
South China Sea ridge. J. Geoph. Res. 111B, p. 1-15.
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Briais, A., P. Tapponnier & G. Pautot (1989)- Constraints of Sea Beam data on crustal fabrics and seafloor
spreading in the South China Sea. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 95, p. 307-320.
Briais, A., P. Patriat & P. Tapponnier (1993)- Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor
spreading stages in the South China Sea, implications for the Tertiary tectonics of SE Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 98,
B4, p. 6299- 6328.
Briais, A., P. Patriat, & P. Tapponnier (1993)- Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor
spreading stages in the South China Sea; implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia. J. Geoph.
Res. 98, p. 6299-6328.
(New set of magnetic profiles in NE and SW South China Sea. Spreading between 32-27 Ma created rel. smooth
basement, now covered by thick sediments. Ridge jumped S and created rough basement, with thinner sediments
than in N, from ~27-16 Ma, while spreading rate was slower. Spreading stopped at ~15.5 Ma. Reconstruction
of Oligo-Miocene SE Asia blocks movements tied to extrusion of Indochina after India- Asia collision.
Cessation of spreading after 16 Ma synchronous with final increments of left-lateral shear and normal uplift in
Ailao Shan (18 Ma) and incipient Australian-Eurasian plates collisions)
Calvert, S.E., T.F. Pedersen & R.C. Thunnell (1993)- Geochemistry of the surface sediments of the Sulu and
South China Seas. Marine Geol. 114, p. 207-231.
Caryana, Y.K. (1999)- Feasibility of applying natural gas hydrates technology for removal of gas contaminants
and for storing and transporting natural gas. In: C.A. Caughey & J.V.C. Howes (eds.) Gas habitats of SE Asia
and Australasia. Proc. Int. Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 1998, p. 43-50.
Clift, P., G.H. Lee, N.A. Duc, U. Barckhausen, H.V. Long & S. Zhen (2008)- Seismic reflection evidence for a
Dangerous Grounds miniplate: no extrusion origin for the South China Sea. Tectonics 27, TC 3008, p. 1-16.
(S boundary of Dangerous Grounds is subduction zone that jammed in M Miocene. Dangerous Grounds
bounded by strike-slip zone, also active until ~16 Ma. W Baram Line originates as strike-slip fault in
Dangerous Grounds and continuous with Red River Fault Zone. Because Dangerous Grounds independent of
Sundaland until ~16 Ma, extrusion impossible as mechanism to rift S China Sea. SE motion by Dangerous
Grounds and Sundaland suggests subduction primary trigger for plate motions. Our reconstruction places ~280
km upper limit on motion on Red River Fault and a ~1400 km width to Paleo-South China Sea)
Clift, P., J. Lin & U. Barckhausen (2002)- Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental
crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, p. 951-970.
(S China Sea formed by seafloor spreading in Late Oligocene at ~30 Ma following a series of extensional
events within Mesozoic continental arc crust. Study of faults on seismic reflection profiles from margins.
Forward models based on upper crustal faulting underpredicted subsidence, especially towards continentocean transition (COT). Interpreted to indicate preferential extension of continental lower crust along COT on
both margins. Forward models based on upper crustal faulting support idea of very weak continental crust )
Clift, P.D., J. Lin & ODP Leg 184 Scientific Party (2001)- Patterns of extension and magmatism along the
continent-ocean boundary, South China margin. In: R.C.L. Wilson, R.B. Whitmarsh et al. (eds.) Non-volcanic
rifting of continental margins: a comparison of evidence from land and sea, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 187,
p. 489-510.
(Early Oligocene sea-floor spreading in S China Sea preceded by Maastrichtian and Mid-Eocene continental
extension that generated rift basins on margin and outer structural high. Seismic evidence of rift-related
volcanic rocks~25 km landward of continent-ocean boundary. S China margin may be intermediate type of
continental extension between Iberia-type non-volcanic and Greenland-type volcanic margin)
Clift, P.D. & Z. Sun (2001)- The sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin and the
southern Hainan margin, South China Sea: implications for Tibetan uplift and monsoon intensification. J.
Geoph. Res. 111, B06405, 28p.
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(Yinggehai-Song Hong large pull-apart basin along Red River fault zone in South China Sea, cross-cutting
rifted margin of northern South China Sea. Basins started to open after ~45 Ma, especially after ~34 Ma.
Yinggehai basin folded and inverted in M Miocene, after 21 Ma in N and 14 Ma in S, rapidly subsiding again
after ~5 Ma. Sediment supply peak in M Miocene. Major uplift in Red River drainage in M Miocene or older)
Cossey, S.P.J. & W.T. Valenta (1984)- Seismic hydrocarbon indicators in South China Sea. Oil Gas J., 13 June
1984, p. 212-224.
Cullen, A., P. Reemst, G. Henstra, S. Gozzard & A. Ray (2010)- Rifting of the South China Sea: new
perspectives. Petroleum Geosc. 16, 3, p. 273-282.
(Oligocene seafloor spreading and rift propagation in S China Sea critical tectonic events that overprint earlier
phase of regional extension. Two models proposed to explain opening of S China Sea. Sarawak Orogeny
attributed to Eocene-Early Oligocene collision of Dangerous Grounds-Reed Bank with Sabah and Palawan.
Oligo-Miocene subduction of oceanic crust under NW Borneo is minimal. Sabah Orogeny and younger
inversion events related to underthrusting of Dangerous Grounds driven by both the opening of the South China
Sea and NW-directed subduction beneath SE Sabah in Semporna-Dent Peninsula)
Cuong, T.X. & J.K. Warren (2009)- Bach Ho field, a fractured granitic basement reservoir, Cuu Long basin,
offshore SE Vietnam: a "buried-hill" play. J. Petrol. Geol. 32, 2, p. 129-156.
(Bach Ho field originally discovered by Mobil in 1975. Producing since mid-1980's from Late Cretaceous
granite-granodiorite, associated with major NE-SW Late Oligocene transpressional fault with ~2000m of
lateral displacement cross-cutting Central Block. 1000m liquids column, effective porosities 3-5%)
Dao, D.V. & T. Huyen (1995)- Heat flow in the oil basins of Vietnam. CCOP Techn. Bull. 25, p. 55-61.
Dien, P.T., C. Andersen, L.H. Nielsen, N.H. Quy, P.V. Tiem & P.S. Tai (2000)- Basin analysis and petroleum
system of the Song Hong Basin. Proc. 36th Sess. Coord. Comm. Coastal and Offshore Progr. E and SE Asia
(CCOP), Hanoi 1999, p. 1-33.
(Song Hong Basin series of complexly faulted sub-basins on NW margin S China Sea. In NE area oil play in U
Devonian- Lw Carboniferous fractured carbonates, sourced from juxtaposed Oligocene syn-rift lacustrine
shales. Also U Oligocene- Miocene clastics play)
Dorobek, S.L. (2000)- Cenozoic carbonate buildups of the South China Sea and the early post-rift history of
passive continental margins. Geol. Soc. America, Ann. Mtg. 2000, Abstracts with Programs 32, 7, p. 226.
(Abstract only) (S China Sea underlain by Paleogene rifted continental and young (32-15 Ma) oceanic crust.
Extensional basement highs became nucleation sites for carbonate sedimentation during latest syn-rift to early
post-rift phases. Longest lived, largest and thickest buildups in most offshore rift basins. Large isolated
platforms commonly coalescence from smaller buildups. Growth of buildups strongly influenced by long-term
subsidence. Many of farthest offshore buildups still growing today. Termination of more inboard Cenozoic
buildups due to hypernutrification or increasing turbidity from major river systems. Only in offshore Palawan
and E parts of Dangerous Grounds tectonic subsidence rates rapid enough to drown carbonate buildups)
Du Bois, E.P. (1981)- Review of principal hydrocarbon-bearing basins of the South China Sea area. Energy 6,
11, p. 1113-1140.
(S China Sea area basins include: Thai, Malay, West Natuna and Penyu, Saigon and Mekong (Vung Tau), E
Natuna, Greater Sarawak including C Luconia and Balingian provinces, Baram Delta/Brunei-Sabah and NW
Palawan Shelf. Hydrocarbons commonly associated with M and Upper Miocene age rocks. Oligocene and
Pliocene occurrences locally significant.)
Du Bois, E.P. (1985)- Review of principal hydrocarbon-bearing basins around the South China Sea. Geol. Soc.
(Review of basins around S China Sea in Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, N Borneo, Natuna and NW Palawan)
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Emery, K.O. & Z. Ben-Avraham (1972)- Structure and stratigraphy of China Basin. AAPG Bull. 56, 5, p. 839859.
(Early seismic interpretation of S China Sea. Acoustic basement in S part of basin that may be continuation of
igneous and metamorphic rocks beneath adjacent shelf which were peneplaned during Late Cretaceous-early
Cenozoic. More irregular basement in N of basin may be oceanic basement, etc. )
Emery, K.O. & Z. Ben-Avraham (1972)- Structure and stratigraphy of the China Basin. United Nations
ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 6, p. 117-140.
(Same paper as above)
Fan, P.F. (1995)- Tectonic patterns and Cenozoic basalts in the western margin of the South China Sea. In: G.H.
Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf.Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala Lumpur
1994, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 91-99.
(Allochthonous fragments (Indosinia, Sibumasu, East Malaya, and SW Kalimantan) rifted from Gondwanaland
and drifted N. Indosinia collided with Yangzi-Huanan terranes in Devonian- Early Carboniferou. Sibumasu
collided with East Asia and E Malaya during Indosinian Orogeny (220-200 Ma). At ~50 Ma collision of Indian
continent led to fragmentation of Asia, followed by Andaman Sea opening, clockwise rotation of Indochina
plate, and S China Sea rifting and opening . Late Cretaceous alkaline intrusions in Red River area of N
Vietnam during initial rifting of S China Sea. Indian-Eurasian collision pushed Indochina Peninsula in ESE
direction. Most M Tertiary movements along left-lateral Red River, Tonle Sap-Mekong faults, with extension
along these faults responsible for Plio-Pleistocene alkaline basalts from Mekong Delta NW into Thailand)
Fontaine, H. (1980)- Pre-Tertiary hydrocarbon potential of the South China Sea. Proc. 17th Sess. CCOP,
Bangkok 1980, p. 304-321.
Fontaine, H. & M. Mainguy (1981)- Pre-Tertiary hydrocarbon potential of the South China Sea. In: Proc.
EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 6, 11, p. 1165-1177.
(Oil and gas fields in S China Sea and bordering seas produce from Tertiary strata. To NW and SE of S China
Sea shows and potential have been noted in pre-Tertiary sections)
Fontaine, H. & M. Mainguy (1985)- Pre-Tertiary oil and gas potential in the South China Sea. In: Proc. 2nd
EAPI/CCOP Workshop, Energy 10, 3-4, p. 403-412.
(On regional distribution of pre-Tertiary sediments and petroleum potential. Permian limestone section
probably best target for petroleum exploration. Pre-Tertiary rocks probably gas prone)
Franke, D., U. Barckhausen, N. Baristeas, M. Engels, S. Ladage, R. Lutz, J. Montano, N. Pellejera, E.G. Ramos
& M. Schnabel (2011)- The continent-ocean transition at the southeastern margin of the South China Sea.
Marine Petrol. Geol. 28, 6, p. 1187-1204.
(S China Sea created by magma-poor rifting in Paleogene. Study of continent-ocean transition (COT) at S
margin off NW Palawan between continental blocks of Reed Bank and Palawan- Calamian islands. Two major
NE trending rifted basins. Continent-ocean transition interpreted at seaward limit of continental crust, but
magnetic spreading anomalies terminate ~80-100 km farther N. Area in-between extensive volcanism (dykes,
extrusive basaltic lava flows, occurring after breakup). COT varies from distinct outer ridge with steep seafloor
relief to rotated fault blocks and half-grabens above eroded pre-rift basement and no seafloor relief. Gravity
modelling shows extremely thinned crust across shelf)
Fuguang, H. (1988)- Cenozoic reefs-new targets for oil fields in the northern part of the South China Sea. In:
H.C. Wagner et al. (eds.) Petroleum Resources of China and related subjects, Circum-Pacific Council for
Energy Mineral Res., Earth Science Series, 10, p. 199-218.
Fuller, M., R. Haston, J.L. Lin, B. Richter, E. Schmidtke & J. Almasco (1991)- Tertiary palaeomagnetism of
regions around the South China Sea. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p. 161-184.
(Paleomag data for Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines)
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Fyhn, M.B.W., L.O. Boldreel & L.H. Nielsen (2009)- Tectonic and climatic control on growth and demise of
the Phanh Rang carbonate platform offshore south Vietnam. Basin Res. 21, 2, p. 225-251.
(Phan Rang carbonate platform offshore S Vietnam >15,000 km2, one of largest in S China Sea. Platform
growth initiated in late M Miocene and terminated in Pliocene. Late Miocene regional uplift and subaerial
exposure, causing karstification. Deteriorated growth conditions and fast subsidence resulted in platform splitup, backstepping and local drowning. Isolated platforms nucleated on structural highs as transgression
continued. Longest surviving platform now crops out at seafloor at ~500 m depth)
Fyhn, M.B.W., L.O. Boldreel & L.H. Nielsen (2009)- Geological development of the central and south
Vietnamese margin: implications for the establishment of the South China Sea, Indochinese escape tectonics
and Cenozoic volcanism. Tectonophysics 478, p. 184-214.
(Vietnamese margin of S China Sea underlain by Paleogene rift basins established through SE-ward extrusion
of Indochina. Late Oligocene, basin inversions offshore contemporaneously with initial right-lateral inversion
along Mae Ping Shear Zone and onset of major uplift of metamorphic core complexes, probably in response to
N-ward movement of India. Renewed rifting offshore after jump of SCS spreading axis and Neogene SW-ward
propagation of continental break-up, consequence of slab-pull associated with subduction of proto-SCS under
Borneo. Rifting and continued until end M Miocene. Termination of seafloor spreading marked by latest M
Miocene unconformity in Nam Con Son and Phu Khanh basins. Neogene volcanism)
Fyhn, M.B.W., L.H. Nielsen, L.O. Boldreel, L.D. Thang, J. Bojesen-Koefoed, H.I. Petersen, et al. (2009)Geological evolution, regional perspectives and hydrocarbon potential of the northwest Phu Khanh Basin,
offshore Central Vietnam. Marine Petrol. Geol. 26, p. 1-24.
Granath, J.W., W.G. Dickson, J.M. Christ & M.E. Odegard (2004)- Exploration-scale features from high
resolution gravity and topographic datasets and their derivatives. In: R.A. Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater
and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., DFE04-PO-052, 11p.
(High-resolution gravity examples, mainly from South China Sea)
Hayes, D.E. & S.S. Nissen (2005)- The South China Sea margins: implications for rifting contrasts. Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 237, p. 601- 616.
(Dramatic differences in crustal thicknesses along margin of S China. Continental crustal extension much less
along E and C segments than W segment of margin. Differences accommodated by early formation of oceanic
crust adjacent to E margin, with continued extension of continental crust to W. Two models predict oceanic
crust of SCS basin toward W not forming until 6-12 my after initial formation to E (~32 Ma). Total crustal
extension ~1100 km, remarkably consistent for all segments)
He, L, K. Wang, L. Xiong & J. Wang (2001)- Heat flow and thermal history of the South China Sea. Phys.
Earth Planet. Int. 126, p. 211-220.
(Heatflow values from Sh China Sea widely scattered, with mean of 77 mW/m2. Heat flow increases gradually
from N margin to central basin, with two high heat flow center. S margin average heat flow 80 mW/m2,
similar to N margin. W margin (Manila trench) average heat flow 49 mW/m2. Thermal history inferred from
multistage pure-shear extension model shows that since Late Miocene basement heat flow increased as result
of greater extension. Present-day high heat flow primarily result of Pliocene extension)
Hsu, S.K., Y.C. Yeh, W.B. Doo & C.H. Tsai (2004)- New bathymetry and magnetic lineations identifications in
the northernmost South China Sea and their tectonic implications. Marine Geoph. Res. 25, p. 29-44.
(Seafloor spreading of S China Sea (SCS) commonly believed to take place between ~32-15 Ma. New magnetic
data in northernmost SCS suggests existence of EW trending magnetic patterns and demonstrate oldest SCS
oceanic crust could be Late Eocene (37 Ma, anomaly C17), with a half-spreading rate of 44 mm/yr)
Huang C. & Z. Jianqiang (1995)- Characteristics of Cenozoic sedimentary formation and tectonic evolution of
South China Sea. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 125-131.
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Huang, C. & J. Zhong (1995)- Characteristics of Cenozoic sedimentary formation and tectonic evolution of
South China Sea. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the
21st century, Kuala Lumpur 1994, Bulletin Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 125-131.
(Cenozoic sediments of S China Sea can be classified into three types, stable, substable and unstable, and two
cycles, Lower (E1 -E2) ) and Upper (Q-E3) ) by Late Mid-Eocene unconformity. Lower Cycle mainly fluviallacustrine facies. Upper Cycle is onlap sediment and mainly shallow marine or deep ocean. Central Ocean
Basin formed after Mid-Oligocene, and nappe and obduction of Philippines Island-Arc and counter-clockwise
rotation of Kalimantan resulted in gradual closing of Paleo-South China Sea)
Huchon, P., T.N.H. Nguyen & N. Chamot-Rooke (1998)- Finite extension across the South Vietnam basins
from 2D gravimetric modeling: relation to South China Sea kinematics. Marine Petrol. Geol. 15, p. 619-634.
(Crustal thickness map over S Vietnam basins from inversion used to estimate stretching: 190 km in E to 30 km
in W. Comparison with S China Sea kinematics implies decoupling relative to Indochina block and supports
formation of S China Sea in Late Oligocene- E Miocene by S-ward subduction of Proto-South China Sea)
Huchon, P., T.N.H. Nguyen & N. Chamot-Rooke (2001)- Propagation of continent break-up in the southwestern South China Sea. In: R.C.L. Wilson et al. (eds.) Non-volcanic rifting of continental margins: a
comparison of evidence from land and sea, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 187, p. 31-50.
Hutchison, C.S. (2004)- Marginal basin evolution: the southern South China Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, 9, p.
1129-1148.
(Southern S China Sea W of W Baram Line is Sundaland extinct passive margin, with rifting from Eocene (~46
Ma)- E Miocene (19-21 Ma). E of line is convergent margin that became collision zone in M Miocene. Oilprolific Baram Delta, resulting from uplift and erosion of W Cordillera, built out to NW Borneo Trough.
Passive margin continental rise (Dangerous Grounds) underthrust beneath Sabah to cause uplift of W
Cordillera. W Baram Line now extinct major right-lateral transform fault)
Hutchison, C.S. & V.R. Vijayan (2010)- What are the Spratly Islands? J. Asian Earth Sci. 39, p. 371-385.
(Spratly Islands, Dangerous Ground Province, are active carbonate build-ups that probably initiated in
Miocene on NE-SW trending sea-floor cuestas that parallel magnetic anomalies of S part of S China Sea.
Cuestas composed of Triassic and Cretaceous strata indicating Dangerous Ground is part of pre-rift Sundaland
continent that included S China, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, W Sarawak and possibly part of Sabah)
Janson, X., G.P. Eberli, A.J. Lomando & F. Bonaffe (2010)- Seismic characterization of large-scale platformmargin collapse along the Zhujiang carbonate platform (Miocene) of the South China Sea, based on Miocene
outcrop analogs from Mut Basin, Turkey. In: W.A. Morgan, A.D. George et al. (eds.) Cenozoic carbonate
systems of Australasia, Soc. Sedim. Geol. (SEPM), Spec. Publ. 95, p. 79-98.
(On carbonate platform margin collapse or slumps, seen on seismic sections across Lower Miocene Zhujiang
Platform margin, subsurface Pearl River Mouth Basin. Truncation of margin suggests several slump scars,
associated downslope with rotated and folded strata that are still connected to detachment surfaces)
Jian, Z., P. Wang, M.P. Chen et al. (2000)- Foraminiferal response to major Pleistocene paleoceanographic
changes in the southern China Sea. Paleoceanography 15, 2, p. 229- .
Jinmin, W. (1988)- Cenozoic Basins of the South China Sea. Episodes 11, 2, p. 91-96.
Jinmin, W. (1994)- Evaluation and models of Cenozoic sedimentation in the South China Sea. Tectonophysics.
235, p. 77-98.
Johansen, K.B. (2011)- Phu Khanh Basin, offshore Vietnam; the last true frontier of the Vietnam East Sea
margin- an insight into the petroleum system. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 14, 44p.
(Presentation package. Phu Khanh Basin at W side of S China Sea, offshore Vietnam. Eocene- M Oligocene rift
half-grabens with locally >3km of syn-rift sediment. Late Oligocene inversion event, E-M Miocne extension, M
Miocene inversion, etc. Upper Miocene basin floor fan complexes. Numerous leads)
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July 2012
Katili, J.A. (1981)- Geology of Southeast Asia with particular reference to the South China Sea. In: Proc.
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Vietnam, Southwest China Sea. Proc. Offshore Southeast Asia Conf., Singapore 1998, p.
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from the South China Sea (Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic
reconstructions. Marine Petrol. Geol. 3, p. 19-30.
(Rocks dredged from S China Sea scarp slopes include Upper Triasic- Lower Jurassic deltaic clastics, Early
Cretaceous metamorphics (113-122 Ma) and latest Jurassic amphibolite (146 Ma). Late Oligocene- E Miocene
carbonate platform developed on this S-drifting continental fragment during seafloor spreading in S China Sea.
M Miocene andesite and E-M Miocene reefal carbonates recovered from Cagayan Ridge, Sulu Sea)
Kuhnt, W., A. Holbourn & Q. Zhaq (2002)- The early history of the South China Sea: evolution of OligoceneMiocene deep water environments. Revue Micropal. 45, 2, p. 99-159.
(Study of Early Oligocene- Miocene deep water benthic forams of ODP Site 1148 in northern South China Sea.
'Flysch-type' assemblages of 'Para-Tethys' character dominate Oligocene. Miocene assemblagese typically
'Pacific'. With detailed species descriptions)
Lee, T.Y. & L.A. Lawver (1992)- Tectonic evolution of the South China Sea region. J Geol Soc China 35, 4, p.
353-388.
Lee, T.Y. & L.A. Lawver (1994)- Cenozoic plate reconstruction of the South China Sea region. Tectonophysics
235, p. 149-180.
(Reconstructions of the S China Sea region from 60 to 5 Ma. Two or three stages of extension: (1) Late
Cretaceous- Eocene NW-SE extension (proto-China Sea; probably consumed at Palawan Trough); (2) Late
Eocene- E Miocene N-S extension. (3) post-Oligocene; probably NW-SE. Collision of N Palawan
microcontinent with W Philippines block stopped opening of S China Sea at end of E Miocene. Spreading
switched to Sulu Sea Basin in M Miocene but collision between Sulu Ridge and W Philippines at Mindanao
halted opening of Sulu Sea at end of M Miocene.)
Lee, G.H., K. Lee & J.S. Watkins (2001)- Geologic evolution of the Cuu Long and Nam Con Son basins,
offshore Southern Vietnam, South China Sea. AAPG Bull. 85, p. 1055-1082.
Lee, G.H. & J.S. Watkins (1998)- Seismic sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Phu Khanh
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(Depths to base of magnetic layer in S China Sea computed from total field magnetic anomalies. Most of central
SCS ocean basin and northern continent-ocean transition zone significantly shallower magnetic base (~22 km;
much larger than Moho depth) than surrounding continental block, where it is at ~34 km, close to Moho depth)
Li, Jaibao (1997)- The rifting and collision of the South China sea terrain system. In: W. Pinxian & W.A.
Berggren (eds.) Proc. 30th Int. Geol. Congr. 13, Marine geology and palaeooceanography, p. 33-46
Li, Q, Z. Jian & X. Su (2005)- Late Oligocene rapid transformations in the South China Sea. Marine Micropal.
54, 1-2, p. 5-25.
(ODP Site 1148 unconformities at Lower/Upper Oligocene and Oligocene-Miocene boundaries plus two others
in Upper Oligocene, together erasing sediment record of ~3 Ma in period of active seafloor spreading. Initial
breakup of SCS probably at 34-33 Ma. Expanded Lower Oligocene section resulted from rifting between 33-29
Ma. Mid-Oligocene unconformity at 28.5 Ma probably related to initial collision between Indonesia and
Australia. Narrowed Indonesian seaway may have accounted for Late Oligocene warming and chalk deposition
in northern SCS. Unconformities near Oligocene- Miocene boundary probably correspond to changes in
rotation of blocks and seafloor; also first New Guinea terrane docking at N Australian craton)
Li, Q., P. Wang, Q. Zhao, L. Shao, G. Zhong, J. Tian, X. Cheng et al. (2006)- A 33 Ma lithostratigraphic record
of tectonic and paleoceanographic evolution of the South China Sea. Marine Geol. 230, p. 217-235.
(ODP Site 1148 sequence show six major steps of S China Sea geohistory over past 33 Ma. Rapid deposition
characterized Early Oligocene (33- 28.5 Ma) rifting. Slow sedimentation signifies S-ward stable seafloor
spreading (28.5- 23 Ma) to end of spreading (23-15 Ma). Five major dissolution events. Return of high
sedimentation in late Pliocene- Pleistocene caused by intensified down-slope transport)
Li, Q., P. Wang, Q. Zhao,, J. Tian, X. Cheng, Z. Jian, G. Zhong & M. Chen (2008)- Paleoceanography of the
mid-Pleistocene South China Sea. Quat. Sci. Rev. 27, p. 1217-1233.
Li, S., C. Lin, Q. Zhang, S. Yang & P. Wu (1989)- Episodic rifting of continental marginal basins and tectonic
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Li, X., G. Wei, L. Shao, Y. Liu, X. Liang et al. (2003)- Geochemical and Nd isotopic variations in sediments of
the South China Sea; a response to Cenozoic tectonism in SE Asia. Earth Plan Sci Lett 211, p. 207-220.
(Variations in geochemistry and Nd isotopic in ODP Site 1148 sediments, S China Sea. Nd isotopes suggests
pre-27 Ma sediments flowing into S China Sea dominantly from SW (Indochina-Sunda Shelf, possibly NW
Borneo), post-23 Ma sediments N provenance (S China). Response to SE Asia plate reorganization at ~25 Ma)
Li, Q., Q. Zhao, G. Zhong, Z. Jian, J. Tian et al. (2007)- Deepwater ventilation and stratification in the Neogene
South China Sea. J. China Univ. Geosciences 18, 2, p. 95-108.
(Three periods of deep water ventilation since Miocene in S China Sea, marked by red-brown sediment color:
21-17 Ma, 15-10 Ma, and 10-5 Ma. Pacific Bottom Water marker species rapidly increased since 6 Ma)
Liang, D. & Z. Liu (1990)- The genesis of the South China Sea and its hydrocarbon-bearing basins. J. Petrol.
Geol. 13, 1, p. 59-70.
Liang, X. G. Wei, L. Shao, X. Li and R. Wang (2001)- Records of Toba eruptions in the South China Sea.
Chemical characteristics of the glass shards from ODP 1143A. Science in China, Ser. D, Earth Sciences, 44, 10,
p. 871-878.
(Three 2 cm thick layers of volcanic tephra from ODP 1143 Site in South China Sea dated as. 0.07, 0.8 and ca.
1.0 Ma by microbiostratigraphy, presumably from Toba. Dominated by volcanic glass shards with a median
grain size of 7075 m)
Lin, A. T., A.B.Watts & S.P. Hesselbo (2003)- Cenozoic stratigraphy and subsidence history of the South China
Sea margin in the Taiwan region. Basin Res. 15, 4, p. 453-478.
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(N margin of SCS in Taiwan region evolved from Paleogene rift to latest Miocene-Recent foreland basin,
reflecting opening SCS and subsequent partial closure by Taiwan orogeny. Rifting (~58-37Ma) formed 4200 km
wide extended zone. By ~37 Ma focus of rifting shifted to present-day continent-ocean boundary of S Taiwan,
which led to seafloor spreading of SCS at ~30 Ma. Rift-drift transition (~37-30 Ma) coeval withl uplift of
previously rifted margin, leading to erosion and breakup unconformity. Oligocene uplift followed by rapid,
early post-breakup subsidence (~30-18 Ma). Ssubsidence of inner margin thermally controlled subsidence,
subsidence in outer shelf accompanied by faulting during ~30-21 Ma. During ~21-12.5 Ma entire experienced
broad margin thermal subsidence. At ~12.5 Ma rifting resumed, and ceased at ~6.5Ma due to overthrusting of
Luzon volcanic arc. Taiwan orogeny created foreland basin by loading rifted margin)
Liu, Y. et al. (1995)- The neotectonic movement and geological hazards in the Nansha Islands. Geol. Soc.
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western Nansha Islands (Southern South China Sea). J. Asian Earth Sci. 23, p. 221-233.
(Seismic data off Nansha (Spratly) Islands, southern S China Sea (SCS). Wan-Na Fault Zone is plate-bounding
dextral strike-slip system , with major activity occurred in Eocene- E Miocene)
Lloyd, A.R. (1978)- Geological evolution of the South China Sea. Proc. SEAPEX 4 Conf., Singapore 1977/78,
p. 95-137.
(Interpretation of SE Asia- South China Sea tectonics in terms of expanding earth. With PrecambrianPleistocene SE Asia paleogeographic maps)
Lu, B.Q., G.Q. Xu, H.G. Wang, H.M. Zhao (2002)- Sea floor spreading recorded by drowning events of
Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the South China Sea. Chin. J. Geol. 37, 4, p. 405-414.
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Luo, Z., R. Zhang & L. He (1981)- Tectonics and deposits of the Cenozoic era in the South China Sea. In: Proc.
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(On seismic characteristics of Xisha carbonate platforms, which include modern-day Xisha Atoll, on northern
continental margin of South China Sea)
Matthews, S.J., A.J Fraser, S. Lowe, S.P. Todd & F.J. Peel (1997)- Structure, stratigraphy, and petroleum
geology of the SE Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam. In A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum Geology of
Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 89-106.
Mazur, S., J.M. Whittaker, K. Wilson, M.G. Stewart, P. East, R. Bouatmani & P.J. Markwick (2009)Application of plate reconstructions and 2D gravity modeling to quantify crustal stretching during continental
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based on integration of biostratigraphic lithological and seismic data from Nam Con Son Basin, Vietnam. Proc.
35th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA11-G-002, 22 p.
(Stratigraphic successions in Pattani, Malay, Penyu, W Natuna and Nam Com Son Basins many common
features: Late Eocene- E Oligocene synrift followed by Late Oligocene and later post-rift deposition. E-M
Miocene variable degrees of inversion and also extension in Nam Con Son Basin, followed by Late Miocene
and Plio-Pleistocene regional subsidence. sequences closely parallels sequence biostratigraphic frameworks
previously of W Natuna and Malay basins)
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Murray, M.R. & S.L. Dorobek (2004)- Sediment supply, tectonic subsidence, and basin-filling patterns across
the Southwestern South China Sea during Pliocene to Recent time. In: P. Clift et al. (eds.) Continent-ocean
interactions within East Asian marginal seas, Am. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. Ser. 149, p. 235-253.
Nguyen, V.G. & P.D. Rabinowitz (1999)- Gravity modeling of the Song Hong Basin, Offshore Vietnam.
Offshore Technology Conf., Houston 1999, 10745-MS, 10p.
(Song Hong Basin, 200 x 600 km with up to 14 km of sediments. Gravity inversion and rift stretching models
suggest basin is passive rift. Rift extension most probably linked to India- Eurasia collision)
Parke, M.L., K.O. Emery, R. Szymankiewicz & L.M. Reynolds (1971)- Structural framework of the continental
margin in the South China Sea. ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 4, p. 103-142.
(Seismic and geomagnetic traverses in Gulf of Thailand, N Sunda Shelf and adjacent deep-sea show presence of
three large sedimentary basins: Gulf of Thailand basin (from Bangkok to Singapore), Mekong and BruneiSaigon basins. Deep-sea floor in NE contains abyssal plain and broad plateau dotted with seamounts, some of
which capped with coral atolls. Prospects for oil and gas appear favorable)
Parke, M.L., K.O. Emery, R. Szymankiewicz & L.M. Reynolds (1971)- Structural framework of continental
margin in South China Sea. AAPG Bull. 55, 5, p. 723-751.
(Same paper as above. Early mega-regional seismic interpretation of Gulf of Thailand- North Sunda Shelf to N
Borneo)
Pautot, G. & C. Rangin (1989)- Subduction of the South China Sea axial ridge below Luzon. Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett. 92, p. 57-69.
Pautot, G., C. Rangin, A. Briais, P. Tapponnier, P. Beuzart et al. (1986)- Spreading directions in the central
South China Sea. Nature 321, p. 150-154.
(S China Sea is 'Atlantic-type' marginal basin of late Tertiary age. Magnetic anomalies in E part consistent with
seafloor spreading directed approximately N-S. Dominant normal fault scarps, striking N50 E, implying NWSE spreading, at least in the 150-200-km-wide axial region)
Pautot, G., C. Rangin, A. Briais, J. Wu, S. Hanet al. (1990)- The axial ridge of the South China Sea: a seabeam
and geophysical survey. Oceanologica Acta 13, p. 129-143.
Pham Tuan Dung (2011)- Exploration and development of the Ca Ngu Vang field fracture basement reservoir.
SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 15, 30p. (Presentation package)
(Ca Ngu Vang field offshore S Vietnam 2002 oil discovery with first oil in 2008 from Pre-Tertiary fractured
granite reservoir and Lower Miocene sandstones)
Pupilli, M. (1973)- Geological evolution of South China Sea area- tentative reconstruction from borderland
geology and well data. Proc. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 223-241.
(Reconstruction of Paleozoic- Mesozoic tectonic elements W Indonesia- Malaysia- Thailand. Early Cretaceous
quartz-monzonites and granodiorites in 4 wells N of Anambas Islands)
Qian, Y. (1990)- Heat flow and age of crust of the South China Sea. In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat
Flow Workshop III, Bangkok 1988, CCOP Techn. Publ. 21, p. 79-89.
(S China Sea divided into 5 heatflow zones. Age of crust calculated from thermal models as 15 Ma (SW), 17 Ma
(C) and 22 Ma (N)))
Rangin, C., J.F. Stephan & C. Muller (1985)- Middle Oligocene oceanic crust of the South China Sea, jammed
into Mindoro Collision Zone, Philippines. Geology 13, p. 425-428.
Roberts, D.G. (1988)- Basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration in the South China Sea. In: H.C. Wagner et
al. (eds.) Petroleum Resources of China and related subjects, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy & Mineral
Resources, Earth Science Ser., Houston, 10, p. 157-177.
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Ru, K. & J.D. Pigott (1986)- Episodic rifting and subsidence in the South China Sea. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol,
Geol. 70, p. 1136-1155.
(S China Sea at least 3 stages of rifting. Since E Cretaceous)
Sattler, U., A. Immenhauser, W. Schlager & V. Zampetti (2009)- Drowning history of a Miocene carbonate
platform (Zhujiang Formation, South China Sea). Sediment. Geol. 219, p. 318-331.
(Zhujiang carbonate platform (BP Liuhua 11-1 field, 220 km SE of Hongkong) succession of facies types,
suggesting deepening-upward trend i) grain facies with miogypsinid/lepidocyclinid fauna in oligotrophic
back-reef setting; ii) in situ corals in patch-reef facies in oligotrophic lagoon (< 10 m); iii) rhodoid facies,
dominated by Heterostegina sp. and spiroclypeids, possibly capped by subaerial exposure surface;. iv) pelagic
marine shales burying platform after drowning. No evidence for meteoric diagenesis at drowning
unconformity on top of carbonate platform)
Sattler, U., V. Zampetti, W. Schlager & A. Immenhauser (2004)- Late leaching under deep burial conditions: a
case study from the Miocene Zhujiang carbonate reservoir, South China Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, 8, p. 977992.
(Zhujiang carbonates reservoir in Liuhua 11-1 field three porous zones of ~20 m intercalated with tight zones,
parallel to bedding. Majority of pores late leaching in deep burial settings. Tight zones lack porosity because of
meteoric cementation prior to late leaching. Corrosive fluids migrated along bedding-parallel tight zone
barriers and leached intervals in between, emphasizing depositional pattern)
Schluter, H.U., K. Hinz & M. Block (1996)- Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the
South China Sea and Sulu Sea. Marine Geol. 130, p. 39-78.
(5 main terranes in S China Sea, 4 in Sulu Sea. Dangerous Grounds, Reed Bank, Palawan- NW Borneo Trough
and Palawan continental terranes developed on proto-China margin by simple shearing in Late Cretaceous- E
Paleocene. Rift was abandoned and new W-ward propagating rift system developed N of Dangerous GroundsReed Bank from M Eocene- E Miocene together with seafloor spreading in S China Sea. Leading edge of Sdrifting continental terranes collided with Late Cretaceous- E Eocene subduction complex of N-most terrane of
proto-Sulu Sea. Continuous convergence, back-arc spreading of SE Sulu Sea terrane and anti-clockwise
rotation of Borneo responsible for compression structures of Sulu Sea terranes, including formation of splinters
of oceanic crust. NNW-SSE right-lateral systems cut across most terranes, presumably ceasing at 12-16 Ma)
Shaoren, J., Z. Xiaozhong, H. Ciliu & X. Kanyuan (1994)- The stratigraphy, structure and basin subsidence of
Tertiary basins along the Chinese southeastern continental margin. Tectonophysics 235, p. 51-62.
Shi, X., X. Qiu, K. Xia & D. Zhou (2003)- Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea. J. Asian
Earth Sci. 22, 3, p. 265-277.
Shiau, L.J., P.S. Yu, K.Y. Wei, M. Yamamoto, T.Q. Lee, T.E. Fang & M.T. Chen (2008)- Sea surface
temperature, productivity and terrestrial flux variations of the southeastern South China Sea over the past 800
000 years (MIAGES MD972142). Terr. Atmos. Ocean. 19, 4, p. 363-376.
Shoup, R.C. (1995)- Tertiary paleogeography of the East and South China Seas. In: C.A. Caughey et al. (eds.)
Proc Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 451-456.
(Paleogeographic maps for Late Cretaceous- E Paleocene. Late Paleocene- E Eocene, M Eocene, Late Eocene,
Oligocene-E Miocene and Late Miocene of E and S China Seas)
Steinke, S., H.Y. Chiu, P.S. Yu, C.C. Shen, H. Erlenkeuser, L. Lowemark & M.T.Chen (2006)- On the
influence of sea level and monsoon climate on the southern South China Sea freshwater budget over the last
22,000 years. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 25, p. 1475-1488.
(Changes in freshwater budget in S S China Sea over last 22,000 years from sediment core using Mg/Ca and O
oxygen isotopes of planktonic foram Globigerinoides ruber. During Last Glacial Maximum higher freshwater
contribution because closer to mouths of Baram, Rajang and N Sunda/ Molengraaff Rivers at that time)
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Su, D., X. Chen & Z. Liu (1995)- The gravity field and tectonics of the Nansha Islands (Dangerous Grounds).
In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. AAPG-GSM Int. Conf. Southeast Asian basins; oil and gas for the 21st century, Kuala
Lumpur 1994, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 37, p. 117-123.
(Gravity surveys of Nansha Islands in S part of S China Sea show three zones: (1) Zengmu (Sarawak) Basin,
where gravity mostly controlled by sediment thickness, (2) Reed Bank Gravity High (highest gravity values in S
China Sea), where gravity influenced mostly by deep crustal structure, and (3) Nansha (Palawan) Trough
Gravity Low. Modelled crustal thickness ~25 km for Reed Bank, 20-25 km in reef areas, ~ 20 km in trough
areas, and thin crust 17-20 km thick beneath Zengmu Basin)
Sun, Z., Z. Di, Z. Zhihong, X. Bin, Q. Xuelin et al. (2006)- Research on the dynamics of the South China Sea
opening: evidence from analogue modeling. J. Science in China, D 49, 10, p. 1053-1069.
(S China Sea continental rifting and early spreading from 32- 26 Ma. From 24 Ma on, spreading in NW-SE
direction and ceased spreading at ~15.5 Ma. Early opening accompanied by ~15 clockwise rotation, while SE
sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Existence of rigid massifs changed orientations of some faults and rift
belt, and led to deformation concentrated around massifs. Rifting and drifting of SCS might be caused by slab
pull from proto S China Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision)
Sun Z., Z. Zhong, M. Keep, D. Zhou, D. Cai, X. Li, S. Wua & J. Jiang (2009)- 3D analogue modeling of the
South China Sea: A discussion on breakup pattern. J. Asian Earth Sci. 34, p. 544-556.
Taylor, B. & D.E. Hayes (1980)- The tectonic evolution of the South China Basin. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The
tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- 1. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 23,
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Taylor, B. & D.E. Hayes (1983)- Origin and history of the South China Sea Basin. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The
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Wan, S., W.M. Kurschner, P.D. Clift, A. Li & T. Li (2009)- Extreme weathering/erosion during the Miocene
Climatic Optimum: evidence from sediment record in the South China Sea. Geoph. Res. Lett. 36, L19706,
doi:10.1029/2009GL040279, 5 p.
(Rapid increase in weathering erosion and sedimentation around S China Sea around E-M Miocene boundary,
(17.2- 15 Ma) correlates closely with Miocene Climate optimum, suggests extreme continental weathering and
erosion at time of high temperature and strong precipitation)
Wang, J., Q. Zhao, X. Cheng, R. Wang & P. Wang (2000)- Age estimation of the mid-Pleistocene microtektite
event in the South China Sea: A case showing the complexity of the sea-land correlation. Chinese Science Bull.
45, p. 2277-2280.
(Stratigraphic position of M-Pleistocene microtektite layer estimated at 10-12 ka before Brunhes-Matuyama
magnetic polarity reversal in deep sea cores from Indian Ocean, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea and also in S China
Sea, making age of widespread Australasian meteorite impact ~800-802 kaBP)
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Sudchinesischen Meer (Dangerous Grounds-Palawan, Philippinen). Facies 16, p. 195-302.
(Biostratigraphy, microfacies and diagenesis of Tertiary carbonates from South China Sea. Dangerous
Grounds dredge samples compared to Palawan outcrops and wells at NW-shelf. Most samples abundant Te5
(Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene) larger foraminifera. Various shallow-water facies. Carbonates represent
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drowned Oligocene-Miocene carbonate platform, now at water depths of 2400 m. Carbonate stability ranking:
(Lowest stability) aragonitic skeletons (corals, bivalves)-soritids-lepidocyclinids/ miogypsinids-Cycloclypeus coralline algae-echinoderms-amphisteginids (stable). Low Sr content points to marine diagenesis).
Wong, H.K., T. Ludmann, C. Haft, A.M. Paulsen et al. (2003)- Quaternary sedimentation in the Molengraaff
paleo-delta, Northern Sunda shelf (Southern South China sea). In: F.H. Sidi, D. Nummedal et al. (eds.) Tropical
deltas of Southeast Asia- sedimentology, stratigraphy and petroleum geology. SEPM Spec. Publ. 76, p. 201216.
(Seven seismic units below postglacial unit are prograding shelf-margin lowstand wedges, deposited during
forced regressions. Oldest unit may reach back to 570 ka. Outer Sunda shelf was delta plain of Molengraaff
river system during last glacial)
Worden, R.H., M.J. Mayall & I.J. Evans (1997)- Predicting reservoir quality during exploration: lithic grains,
porosity and permeability in Tertiary clastic rocks of the South China Sea Basin. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds),
Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 126, p. 107-115.
(Tertiary sandstones in Gulf of Thailand, Malay and South China Sea basins rich in pelitic metamorphic rock
fragments, weathered basic igneous rock fragments and micaceous rock fragments. Rapid loss of porosity with
depth at rate commensurate with sandstones with 20-40% ductile grains. Low permeabilities at shallow depths
relative to other hydrocarbon provinces which have lower ductile grain contents)
Wright, C.M. (2006)- Neogene stratigraphic relationships within the Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam
resulting from tectonics, eustasy and sediment flux. Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A&M University, 115p.
(Nine sequence boundaries and associated sequences are recognized on seismic along the late MiocenePleistocene shelf in E Nam Con Son Basin. Ages assigned to horizons by correlating sequence boundaries with
published sea level curves. Two primary Pliocene-Recent sediment sources to SW South China Sea, probably
paleo-Mekong Delta and fluviodeltaic system from Sunda Shelf, such as Molengraaff River)
Wu, J. (1988)- Cenozoic basins of the South China Sea. Episodes 11, 2, p. 91-96.
(37 Cenozoic sedimentary basins recognized in South China Sea, 18 of which with oil and gas. Grouped in 6
major depositional provinces. With small Eocene, Late Oligocene and M Miocene depositional facies maps)
Wu, J. (1994)- Evaluation and models of Cenozoic sedimentation in the South China Sea. Tectonophysics 235,
p. 77-98.
(S China Sea marginal basin geologically complex and characterized by extensive distribution and complicated
evolution of thick Cenozoic sediments. Cenozoic divided into eight sedimentary provinces. Line linking Taiwan
and Natuna was sea-land boundary of S China Sea in early Cenozoic. Transgression cycle dominant W of this
line, while regression prevails to E)
Xia, K.Y. & D. Zhou (1993)- The geophysical characteristics and evolution of northern and southern margins of
the South China Sea. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the
Western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 223-240.
Xia, K.Y., C.L. Huang, S.R. Jiang, Y.X. Zhang, D.Q. Su et al. (1994)- Comparison of the tectonics and
geophysics of the major structural belts between the northern and southern continental margins of the South
China Sea. Tectonophysics 235, p. 99-116.
Yan, P., H. Deng, H. Liu, Z. Zhang & Y. Jiang (2006)- The temporal and spatial distribution of volcanism in the
South China Sea region. J. Asian Earth Sci. 27, p. 647-659.
(Very little volcanism asociated with rifting and sea floor spreading in S China Sea. Large basement relief
caused by extension formed major basins and a continental-oceanic transitional zone in the N margin reflects
high crustal rigidity during rifting- drifting)
Yan, P. & H. Liu (2005)- Tectonic-stratigraphic division and blind fold structures in Nansha Waters, South
China Sea. J. Asian Earth Sci. 24, 3, p. 337-348.
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(Seismic data from Nansha waters (Spratley Islands; S margin South China Sea. Five tectonic belts: PalawanBorneo Nappe (NW-thrusted antclines of Neogene sediments), Nansha Trough (deep, undisturbed Neogene),
Nanwei-Liyue Compressive Belt (Late Mesozoic paleo-anticlines overlain by undeformed sediments with
Paleogene hiatus), Zheng'he Extensional Belt (Paleogene half-grabens, recent reactivationd) and CircumSouthwest Subbasin Belt (Neogene draped on subsided fault blocks related to Late Oligocene-M Miocene
seafloor spreading). Nansha Microcontinent Block is collision complex assembled in Late Mesozoic)
Yan, P., Y. Wang & H. Liu (2008)- Post-spreading transpressive faults in the South China Sea Basin.
(S China Sea formed by Late Oligocene- M Miocene seafloor spreading. After cessation of spreading,
compression due to NW-moving Taiwan-Luzon Arc causing strike-slip motion on E and W margins and basinwide transpressive fault zones, and young volcanism)
Yan, P., D. Zhou & Z. Liu (2001)- A crustal structure profile across the northern margin of the South China Sea
Basin. Tectonophysics 338, p. 1-21.
Yan, Q., X. Shi & N. Li (2011)- Oxygen and lead isotope characteristics of granitic rocks from the Nansha
block (South China Sea): Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic affinity. Island Arc 20, 2, p. 150-159.
(Isotope ratios of granitic samples dredged from Nansha microblock in South China Sea tied to Mesozoic
subduction zone in SE side of microblock, tectonically affiliated with Nanling-Hainan or South China block)
Yan, Q., X. Shi, J. Liu, K. Wang & W. Bu (2010)- Petrology and geochemistry of Mesozoic granitic rocks from
the Nansha micro-block, South China Sea: constraints on the basement naure. J. Asian Earth Sci. 37, p. 130139.
(Nansha block one of several micro-blocks dispersed in South China Sea (Xisha-Zhongsha, Reed-Northeastern
Palawan block, etc.). Ages for granitic dredge samples of Nansha micro-block 159-127 Ma, comparable to Late
Jurassic-E Cretaceous magmatic activity occurred in N margin. Tonalitic and monzogranitic rock groups,
related to calc-alkaline Pacific Plate subduction that existed across Taiwan, Palawan to S Vietnam)
Zampetti, V., U. Sattler & H. Braaksma (2005)- Well log and seismic character of Liuhua 11-1 Field, South
China Sea; relationship between diagenesis and seismic reflections. Sedimentary Geol. 175, p. 217-236.
(Seismic reflections in Miocene carbonate buildup of Liuhua 11-1 Field (220 km SE of Hongkong) image
alternatios of tight and porous zones. Most porosity related leaching in deep burial realm that postdates
pressure solution. This implies that seismic reflections do not necessarily image depositional surfaces, although
diagenetically induced porosity often follows primary depositional bedding)
Zeng, W., Z. Li, G. Wang & H. Huang (1996)- Global geoscience transect, Guangzhou- Palawan. In: G.P. &
A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf
Publishing, Houston, p. 421-442.
(Integrated geological-geophysical interpretation of NW-SE transect across South China Sea)
Zhang, Y. (1995)- The characteristics of the magnetic anomaly and magnetosphere structure in the Nansha
ilands and surrounding areas. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 37, p. 479-485.
Zhou, D., H. Chen, S. Wu & H.S. Yu (2002)- Opening of the South China Sea by dextral splitting of the East
Asian continental margin. Acta Geol. Sinica 76, 2, p.180-190.
Zhou, D., K. Ru & H.Z. Chen (1995)- Kinematics of Cenozoic extension on the South China Sea continental
margin and its implications for the tectonic evolution of the region. Tectonophysics 251, p. 161-177.
(N South China Sea large Cenozoic sedimentary basins developed, characterized by episodic rifting, clockwise
rotation of rifts, E-ward aging breakup unconformity and intensifying crustal extension to E. Maximum rifting
N of maximum thermal subsidence, which was in turn N of seafloor opening. Nansha microcontinent S of S
China Sea Basin was dominated by compressional deformation. Asymmetric development of extensional
structures around S China Sea Basin may be explained by Wernicke simple-shear model. Tectonic development
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of S China Sea was consequence of interactions of three major plates: retreat of W Pacific subduction zone in
the Late Cretaceous, hard collision and impinging of India to Tibet since Late Eocene, and fast N-ward
subduction of Indian Ocean-Australian plate since late Early Miocene)
Zhou, D., Z. Sun, H.Z. Chen, H.H. Xu, W.Y. Wang et al. (2008)- Mesozoic paleogeography and tectonic
evolution of South China Sea and adjacent areas in the context of Tethyan and Paleo-Pacific interconnections.
The Island Arc 17, 2, p. 186-207.
(Lithofacies maps of six Mesozoic time slices of S China Sea and SE Eurasian continent margin. In E Triassic,
Paleotethys Ocean extended E to study area through Song Da passage. Then significant E-W differential
evolution began. Late Triassic uplift of W area after collision between Indosinian and S China blocks.
Transgression of Paleo-Pacific waters in E and SE formed `E Guangdong-NW Borneo Sea'. E Jurassic marine
transgression more pronounced, resulting in connection with Mesotethys Ocean to W. In M Jurassic, shortlived transgression in E Mesotethys with formation of `Yunnan-Burma Sea'. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous
climax of subduction of Mesotethys and Paleo-Pacific towards Eurasian continent, leading to formation of
`Circum SE Asia Subduction-Accretion Zone' in M or Late Cretaceous. Evidence for newly recognized segment
of this Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone under Cenozoic sediments in NE S China Sea)
Zhou Di, W. Wang, J. Wang, X. Pang, D. Cai & Z. Sun (2006)- Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone in
northeastern South China Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations. J. Science in China Series, D, Earth
Sciences 49, 5, p. 471-482.
(Segment of Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone inferred from gravity- magnetics across NE S China Sea at ~
NE45 orientation. This fills gap of Great Late Mesozoic Circum SE Asia subduction-accretion Zone, which
extended from Sumatra, Java, SE Kalimantan to N Palawan, and from Taiwan, Ryukyu to SW Japan)
Zhou Di & B. Yao (2009)- Tectonics and sedimentary basins of the South China Sea: challenges and
progresses. J. Earth Science, China Univ. Geosciences, 20, 1, p. 1-12.
(Introduction to special volume Tectonics and sedimentary basins of the South China Sea, with 19 papers)
Zhu, M., S. Graham & T. MacHargue (2009)- The Red River Fault zone in the Yinggehai Basin, South China
sea. Tectonophysics 476, p. 397-417.
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IX.5. Philippines (General, Palawan, Luzon)

(A limited selection of literature on Philippines geology)
Acharya H.K. & Y.P. Aggarwal (1980)- Seismicity and tectonics of the Philippine Islands. J. Geophys. Res.
85, B6, p. 3239-3250.
(Seismic and volcanic activity used to decipher tectonics of Philippines region. Active E-ward subduction of
Eurasian plate along Manila trench near Luzon. Underthrusting of Eurasian plate may have occurred along
all of W Philippines from Taiwan to Sulawesi. Subduction has ceased along sections where continental crust is
present. Near E Philippines W-ward subduction of Philippine Sea plate)
Almasco, J.N., K. Rodolfo, M. Fuller & G. Frost (2000)- Paleomagnetism of Palawan, Philippines. J. Asian
Earth Sci. 18, 3, p. 369-389.
(Paleomagnetic studies on Palawan and Busuanga. Cretaceous Espina Basalts of Calatuigas Ophiolite in S
Palawan Block N-ward and rotated CCW by 66+13, suggesting obduction from S. Jurassic cherts and
Cretaceous Guinlo Fm from Busuanga in N Palawan Block paleolatitude comparable to regions of pervasive
Cretaceous remagnetization in S China borderland and may reflect similar remagnetization, consistent with
North Palawan Block's proposed South China origin)
Amiscaray, E.A. & F.P. Tumanda (1990)- Paleozoic and Mesozoic limestone of Calamian Island Group; its role
in the tectonic development of the North Palawan Complex, Philippines. In: Pre Jurassic evolution of Eastern
Asia, IGCP Project Report 224, 5, p. 81-95.
Amiscaray, E.A. & M.A. Zepeda (1990)- Southwestern Mindoro, part of the pre Tertiary North Palawan
Complex (Philippines) and the role of the Jurassic Mansalay Formation on its evolution. In: Pre Jurassic
evolution of Eastern Asia, IGCP Project Report 224, 5, p. 97-109.
Andal, D.R., J.S. Esguerra, W. Hashimoto, B.P. Reyes & T. Sato (1968)- The Jurassic Mansalay Formation,
Southern Mindoro, Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of SE Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 4, p.
179-197.
Arcilla, C.A., H.B. Ruelo & J. Umbal (1989)- The Angat ophiolite, Luzon, Philippines: lithology, structure, and
problems in age interpretation. Tectonophysics 168, p. 127-135.
Arfai, J., D. Franke, C. Gaedicke, R. Lutz, M. Schnabel,S. Ladage, K. Berglar, M. Aurelio, J. Montano & N.
Pellejera (2011)- Geological evolution of the West Luzon Basin (South China Sea, Philippines). Marine Geoph.
Res. 32, 3, p.349-362.
(Seismic of W Luzon Basin, located between island of Luzon and outer arc high of W Luzon subduction zone.
Basement, at~ 6 s TWT, dissected by normal faults, some inverted later. Five regional unconformities. Basin
may be (partly) underlain by continental crust, affected by rifting during opening of South China Sea)
Aurelio, M.A. (1992)- Tectonics of the central segment of the Philippine Fault: structures, kinematics and
geodynamic evolution. These Doct. Univ. Paris 6, Paris, 500 p.
Aurelio, M.A. (2000)- Tectonics of the Philippines revisited. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 55, p. 119-183.
Aurelio, M.A. (2000)- Shear partitioning in the Philippines: constraints from Philippine Fault and global
positioning system data. Island Arc 9, 4, p. 584-597.
Aurelio M.A., E. Barrier, C. Rangin & C. Muller (1991)- The Philippine Fault in the late Cenozoic evolution of
the Bondoc- Masbate- N. Leyte area, Central Philippines. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci., 6, p. 221-238.
Aurelio, M.A., C. Rangin, E. Barrier & C. Muller (1990)- Tectonique du segment central de la faille Philippine.
C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 310 (II), p. 403-410.
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Austria, B.S. & R.A. Reyes (1992)- Possibilities of W. Batangas Basin in Philippines South China Sea.
and Gas J. 90, 23, p.74-80.
Oil
Bachman, S.B., S.D. Lewis & W.J. Schweller (1983)- Evolution of a forearc basin, Central Luzon Valley,
Philippines. AAPG Bull. 67, 7, p. 1143-1162.
Balce, G.R., R.Y. Encina, A. Momongan & E. Lara (1980)- Geology of the Baguio District and its implications
on the tectonic development of the Luzon Central Cordillera. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 21, p. 265-287.
Balce, G.R. & A.S. Zanoria (1982)- Geology and tectonics of the Luzon-Marianas region. Philippine SEATAR
Committee Spec. Publ. 1, p. 1-243
Barrier E., M. Aurelio, C. Muller, M., Pubellier et al. (1990)- La faille philippine; un exemple de grand
dcrochement actif l'arrire d'une zone de subduction. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 311 (II), p. 181-188.
('The Philippine Fault: an example of large active displacement behind a subduction zone')
Barrier E., P. Huchon & M. Aurelio (1991)- The Philippine fault: a key for Philippines kinematics. Geology 19,
p. 32-35.
Bautista, B.C., M.L. Bautista, K. Oike, F.T. Wu & R.S. Punongbayan (2001)- A new insight on the geometry of
subducting slabs in northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonophysics 339, p. 279-310.
(Earthquake focal mechanisms used to model geometry of Eurasian plate subducted slab beneath N Manila
Trench. Model suggests collision and partial subduction of buoyant plateau at around 20N to explain sharp
bend in trench line and shallow dip of subducted slab. Tear in slab evidenced by gap in strain energy release
and change in dip. Gap in seismicity may be used to infer trajectory and location of subducted extinct but still
hot mid-oceanic ridge. High heatflow along extinct MOR. Subducted part of MOR may serve as weakest zone
where tear could be localized)
Beddoes, L.R. (1976)- The Balabac sub-basin, southwestern Sulu Sea, Philippines. Proc. SEAPEX Conf. 1976,
22p.
Bellon, H. & G.P. Yumul (2001)- Miocene to Quaternary adakites and related rocks in Western Philippine arc
sequences. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., IIa, 333, 6, p. 343-350.
(Numerous Miocene- Quaternary adakites among calc-alkaline magmatism of W Philippines. Associated with
three geodynamic settings: subduction, rifting and collision (Palawan indentation). Slab, lower crust and
sediment melting, coupled with assimilation-fractional crystallization, and mantle metasomatism by magmatic
liquids responsible for generation of these rocks)
Bird, P.R., N.A. Quinton, M.N. Beeston & C.S. Bristow (1992)- Mindoro Island, a rifted microcontinent in
collision with the Philippines volcanic arc: basin evolution and hydrocarbon potential. AAPG Int. Conf.,
Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015 (Abstract only)
(Mindoro Island is E-most part of Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent that rifted from S China margin in Early
Oligocene. Sea floor spreading carried Mindoro S until Late Miocene collision with Philippines Arc began.
Structural history 4 phases: (1) syn-rift, E Eocene- M Oligocene; (2) drift, Late Oligocene- M Miocene; (3)
collision, M-L Miocene; (4) transpression, latest Miocene- Present)
Bird, P.R., N.A. Quinton, M.N. Beeston & C.S. Bristow (1993)- Mindoro: a rifted micro continent in collision
with the Philippines volcanic arc; basin evolution and hydrocarbon potential. In: Proc. GEOSEA VII
Symposium, Bangkok 1991, J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 8, p. 449-468.
Biswas, B. (1986)- Frontier seismic geologic techniques and the exploration of the Miocene reefs in offshore
Palawan, Philippines. J. SE Asia Earth Sci. 1, 4, p. 191-204.
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Bloomer S.H. & R.L. Fisher (1988)- Arc volcanic rocks characterize the landward slope of the Philippine
Trench off northeastern Mindanao. J. Geophys. Res., 93, B10, p. 11,961-11,973.
Bosum, W., J.C. Fernandez, E.G. Kind & C.F. Theodoro (1972)- Aeromagnetic survey of the Palawan- Sulu
offshore area of the Philippines. United Nations ECAFE, CCOP Techn. Bull. 6, p. 141- 160.
Branson, D.M., P.J. Newman, M. Scherer, P.J. Stalder & R.G. Villafuerte (1997)- Hydrocarbon habitat of the
NW Palawan Basin, Philippines. In: J.V.C. Howes & R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Petrol. Systems of SE Asia and
Australasia Conf., Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta 1997, p. 815-828.
(With exception of Malampaya/Camago (3.4 Tcf gas) exploration results in deeper water away from Nido Shelf
have been disappointing and resulted in few potentially economic discoveries)
Bristow, C.S. & P.R. Bird (1994)- Sedimentology of the Semirara Formation in Semirara Island: implications
for the Miocene sedimentation and tectonics of South Philippines. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic
framework and energy resources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc.
Brownlee, D.N. & M.W. Longman (1981)- Depositional history of a Lower Miocene pinnacle reef, Nido B
oilfield, the Philippines. Proc. 4th Int. Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, 1, p. 619-625.
Bureau of Energy Development (1986)- Sedimentary basins of the Philippines: their geology and hydrocarbon
potential. 12 vols.
Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (1982)- Geology and mineral resources of the Philippines. 1, Geology,
Manila, 406p.
Bureau of Mines Philippines (1986)- Geology and mineral resources of the Philippines, 2, Mineral resources.
Bureau of Mines and Geo-sciences, Manila p. .
Caagusan, N.L. (1977)- Source material, compaction history and hydrocarbon occurrence in the Cagayan
Valley Basin, Luzon, Philippines. Proc. Offshore SE Asia Conf. OFFSEA 77, SE Asia Petrol. Explor. Soc.,
Singapore, 20p.
Caagusan, N.L. (1990)- Eocene Oligocene sandstone in buried hill play, Mindoro Basin, The Philippines. In:
CCOP/WRGA Play modelling exercise 1989-1990, CCOP Techn. Publ. 23, p. 87-96.
(Description and hydrocarbon assessment of conceptual play in U Eocene- Lower Oligocene sandstones draped
draped over Eocene tilted fault blocks on S and E Mindoro island, W Philippines)
Cardwell, R.K., B.L. Isacks & D.E. Karig (1980)- The spatial distribution of earthquakes, focal mechanism
solutions and subducted lithosphere in the Philippine and Northeastern Indonesian islands. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.)
The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- I. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon.
23, p. 1-35.
Carozzi, A.V. (1995)- Depositional models and reservoir properties of Miocene reefs, Visayan Islands,
Philippines. J. Petrol. Geol. 18, 1 , p. 29-48.
Carozzi, A.V., M.V. Reyes & V.P. Ocampo (1976)- Microfacies and microfossils of the Miocene reef
carbonates of the Philippines. Philippines Oil Dev. Co., Manila, Spec. Publ. 1, 80 p.
Cheng, Y. (1989)- Upper Palaeozoic and Lower Mesozoic radiolarian assemblages from the Busuanga Islands,
North Palawan Block, Philippines. Bull. Nat. Museum Nat. Science, Taiwan, Spec. Publ. 1, p. 129-175.
Christian, L.B. (1964)- Post-Oligocene tectonic history of the Cagayan Basin, Philippines. The Philippine
Geologist 18, 4, p. 114-147.
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Corby, G.W. et al. (1951)- Geology and oil possibilities of the Philippines. Philippine Bureau of Mines, Techn.
Bull. 21, Manila, 363 p.
Cosico, R., F. Gramann & H. Porth (1989)- Larger foraminifera from the Visaya Basin and adjacent areas of the
Philippines (Eocene through Miocene). In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) On the geology and hydrocarbon
prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines, Geol. Jahrbuch, B70, p. 147-205.
DAntonio, M., I Savov, P. Spadea, R. Hickey-Vargas & J. Lockwood (2006)- Petrogenesis of Eocene oceanic
basalts from the West Philippine Basin and Oligocene arc volcanics from the Palau-Kyushu Ridge drilled at
20N, 135E (Western Pacific Ocean). Ofioliti 31, 2, p. 157-171.
(W Philippine Basin back-arc basin opened within Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) between current position of PalauKyushu Ridge (PKR) and margin of E Asia. Spreading at Central Basin Fault from 54-30 Ma. PKR active since ~
48-35 Ma constituting single volcanic arc with Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Arc. At ~42 Ma spreading direction
changed from NE-SW to N-S, stopping at ~ 30 Ma. Late phase of spreading and volcanism between 30- 26 Ma (M
Oligocene). ODP Leg 195 Site 1201 is in WPB, ~100 km W of PKR, on 49 Ma crust. From ~ 35 to 30 Ma, pelagic
sedimentation at Site 1201 was followed by turbidite sedimentation, fed mostly by arc-derived volcanics. PKR
volcanics are porphyritic basalts and andesites. New isotope data point to Indian Ocean MORB-like character of
Site 1201 basement basalts, suggesting WPB volcanism tapped upper mantle domain distinct from Pacific Plate)
David,P.P. (1980)- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of well Lagao No. 1, Sultan Sa Barongis, North Cotabato,
Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of S.E. Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 21 , p. 111-118.
David, P.P. & H. Fontaine (1987)- Eocene limestone offshore Northeast Palawan Island, Philippines. Proc.
22nd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Guangzhou 1985, 2, p. 341345.
(Small islands off NE Palawan mainly composed of radiolarite and limestone with some ultrabasic rocks.
Pabellion and Apulit small islands with steeply dipping E-M Eocene grey-black limestone with common
Distichoplax biserialis algae, Nummulites, Discocyclina and Asterocyclina. Pellatispira, reported by Grey
(1954), was not found again)
David, P.P. & H. Fontaine (1989)- Eocene limestone offshore Northeast Palawan Island, Philippines. Proc. 24th
Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Bangkok 1987, 2, p. 130-134.
David, S., J.F. Stephan, J. Delteil, C. Muller, J. Butterlin, H. Bellon & E. Billedo (1997)- Geology and tectonic
history of Southeastern Luzon, Philippines. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, 4-5, p. 435-452.
(SE Luzon in E Philippine Mobile Belt. Three units limited by two NW-SE trending strike-slip faults. N-C unit is
M- early Late Cretaceous volcanic arc unconformably overlain by M-L Eocene volcanic arc, followed by E
Oligocene intrusives. Median Unit underlain by Late Cretaceous volcanic arc. W unit is pre-Late Cretaceous
ophiolitic suite unconformably overlain by Late Cretaceous volcanic arc sequence and M Eocene limestones.
Units overlain by Late Oligocene- Pliocene carbonate and clastic sequence)
De Boer, J., L.A. Odom, P.C. Ragland, F.G. Snider et al. (1980)- The Bataan orogene: eastward subduction,
tectonic rotations and volcanism in the Western pacific (Philippines). Tectonophysics 67, p. 251-282.
(Philippine mobile belt crustal fragment between two subduction systems of opposite polarity. Eastern
(Philippine-Quezon) system probably originated in Eocene during NW-SW spreading of W Philippine basin.
Western (Manila-Bataan) system originated in Oligocene by spreading of S China Sea basin. Arcs migrated E
from Miocene-Present, changing composition from tholeiitic via calc-alkaline to shoshonitic. C Luzon rotating
counterclockwise due to differential spreading in S China Sea basin)
Defant M.J., J. De Boer & D. Oles (1988)- The western Central Luzon arc, two arcs divided by rifting ?
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(W Central Luzon arc complex zone of volcanism. Volcanoes of N (Bataan) segment of arc along two semiparallel lineaments. N segment cut off from S extension of arc by NE-SW cross arc zone of volcanism, the
Macolod Corridor. Volcanoes of S (Mindoro) segment of arc along two parallel lineaments)
Defant M., R.C. Maury, J.L. Joron, M.D. Feigenson, J. Leterrier et al. (1989)- The geochemistry and tectonic
setting of the northern section of the Luzon arc (Philippines and Taiwan). Tectonophysics 183, p. 187-205.
(Luzon Arc Miocene (10 Ma)- Recent volcanism associated with eastward subduction along Manila Trench for
1,200 km from Taiwan south to Mindoro. Volcanism clearly subduction-related with calc-alkaline affinities.
Earliest phase of volcanism tholeiitic, mid-oceanic-ridge basalt-like)
Defant M., R.C. Maury, E.M. Ripley, M.D. Feigenson & D. Jacques (1991)- An example of island-arc
petrogenesis: geochemistry and petrology of the Southern Luzon Arc, Philippines. J. Petrol. 32, 3. p. 455-500.
(Luzon arc volcanism associated with E-ward subduction of S China Sea floor along Manila Trench. Volcanic
rocks typical arc phenocryst mineralogies: olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and titanomagnetite in mafic
rocks and clinopyroxene, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, titanomagnetite, amphibole in more felsic samples. Rocks
range from basalts to rhyolites and show typical calc-alkaline features. Continental crustal material seems to
play significant role, particularly in Macolod Corridor and Mindoro segment)
Deschamps, A. & S. Lallemand (2002)- The West Philippine Basin: an Eocene to Early Oligocene back arc
basin opened between two opposed subduction zones. J. Geophys. Res. 107, B12, p. 1-24.
(W Philippine Basin back arc basin developed between two opposed subduction zones. Rifting started at 55 Ma,
spreading ended at 33/30 Ma. Initial spreading axis parallel to paleo-Philippine Arc, new spreading ridge
propagated from E part of basin. Spreading mainly from second axis with CCW rotation of spreading direction.
Gagua and Palau-Kyushu ridges transform margins accommodating opening. Arc volcanism along PalauKyushu Ridge (E margin) during opening, paleo-Philippine Arc decreased activity between 43-36 Ma. W
margin compressive event in Late Eocene- E Oligocene. In W of basin, spreading system disorganized due to
presence of mantle plume. After end of spreading, amagmatic extension between 30-26 Ma in central basin)
Deschamps, A., S. Lallemand & S. Dominguez (1999)- The last spreading episode of the West Philippine Basin
revisited. Geoph. Res. Lett. 26, 14, p. 2073-2076.
(Bathymetric data and backscatter imagery reveal fine structures of fossil spreading axis, from which we infer
episodes of oblique deformation and diminished magmatic supply resulting from cessation of spreading. NESW seafloor fabric NE of Benham volcanic plateau, oblique to more common E-W and NW-SE fabrics known
in WPB. Cross-cut during final, amagmatic, extensional phase to produce a N130 -trending deep rift valley)
Deschamps, A., P. Moni, S. Lallemand, K. Hsu & K.Y. Yeh (2000)- Evidence for Early Cretaceous oceanic
crust trapped in the Philippine Sea Plate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 179, p. 503-516.
(New Early Cretaceous Ar/Ar ages of gabbros dredged on oceanic basement highs of Huatung Basin. Old ages
consistent with Early Cretaceous ages of Lanyu Island (Luzon Arc) radiolarian assemblages. Best fit of
magnetic anomalies is opening of Huatung Basin in Early Cretaceous (131- 119 Ma). Basin may be fragment of
former 'proto-South China Sea' or possibly 'New Guinea Basin' trapped by Philippine Sea Plate)
Deschamps, A., R Shinjo, T. Matsumoto, C.S. Lee, S.E. Lallemand, S. Wu et al. (2008)- Propagators and ridge
jumps in a back-arc basin, the West Philippine Basin. Terra Nova 20, 4, p. 327-332.
(New bathymetric data fromn western W Philippine Basin from suggests 5 sequences of propagating rifts,
probably triggered by mantle flow away from thermal anomaly responsible for origin of Benham and Urdenata
plateaus. NE of Benham plateau, a left-lateral fracture zone turned into NESW-trending spreading axis)
Dimalanta, C.B., E.G.L. Ramos, G.P. Yumul & H. Bellon (2009)- New features from the Romblon Island
Group: key to understanding the arc-continent collision in Central Philippines. Tectonophysics 479, p. 120-129.
Dimalanta, C.B., L.O. Suerte, G.P. Yumul, R.A. Tamayo & E.G.L. Ramos (2006)- A Cretaceous suprasubduction oceanic basin source for Central Philippine ophiolitic basement complexes: geological and
geophysical constraints. Geosciences J. 10, 3, p. 305-320.
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(C Philippines several Cretaceous oceanic ophiolite complexes. Antique Ophiolite along W side associated with
blueschists, suggesting tectonic erosion accompanied subduction during emplacement. Ophiolites younger to
present-day E, indicating convergence accentuated by trench jumping. Oceanic lithosphere fragments in C
Philippines probably derived from single Cretaceous ocean basin)
Dimalanta, C. & G. Yumul (2003)- Magmatic and amagmatic contributions to crustal growth of an island-arc
system. The Philippine example. Int. Geol. Rev. 45, 10, p. 922-935.
(Numerous volcanoes and ophiolite/ophiolitic complexes attests to significant role of arc magmatism and
oceanic lithosphere emplacement to crustal growth in Philippines. Arc magmatism contributed more to crustal
growth in Philippines than ophiolite emplacement)
Dimalanta, C.B. & G.P. Yumul (2006)- Magmatic and amagmatic contributions to crustal growth in the
Philippine island arc system: comparison of the Cretaceous and post-Cretaceous periods. Geosciences J. 10, 3,
p. 321-329.
Dimalanta, C. & G. Yumul (2008)- Crustal thickness and adakite occurrence in the Philippines: is there a
relationship? Island Arc 17, 4, p. 421-431.
(Adakites in variety of tectonic settings: partial melting of subducted young, hot oceanic slabs, oblique
subduction, low-angle or flat subduction, or even slab-tearing)
Divis, A.F. (1983)- The geology and geochemistry of Philippine porphyry copper deposits. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.)
The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon.
27, p. 173-216.
(Three-four major episodes of porphyry intrusion in Philippines; good correlation with periods of rapid plate
convergence)
Domingo, R.M.A. (1989)- Facies and diagenetic aspects of a Miocene carbonate sequence, Santan A - 1XA
Well, Visayas, Philippines. In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects
of the Visayan Basin, Philippines, Geol. Jahrbuch 70, p. 277-302.
Durkee, E.F. (1992)- Oil, geology, and changing concepts in the SW Philippines (Palawan and the Sulu Sea).
In: Proc. OFFSEA 92, 9th SEAPEX Offshore Southeast Asia Conf., Singapore 1992, p. 75-96
(Good overview of Philippines basins and discoveries)
Durkee, E.F. & S.L. Pederson (1961)- Geology of northern Luzon, Philippines. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.
45, p. 137-168.
Easton W.H. & Melendres (1963)- First Paleozoic fossil from the Philippine archipelago. Am. Assoc. Petrol.
Geol. Bull. 47, 11, p. 1871-1873.
Encarnacion J. (2004)- Multiple ophiolite generation preserved in the northern Philippines and the growth of an
island arc complex. Tectonophysics 392, p.103-130.
(Oceanic arcs grow through addition of subduction-generated magmas, but in N Philippines also major
contribution from repeated oceanic crust generation with subsequent preservation of basicultrabasic units in
arc complex. At least five episodes of oceanic crust generation represented in N Philippines by ophiolitic
sequences and recent intra-arc seafloor spreading. Ages pre(?)-Jurassic- Quaternary. Most-and possibly allophiolites generated as back-arc, fore-arc, or intra-arc crust within Philippine arc complex)
Encarnacion J., E.J. Essene, S.B. Mukasa & C.H. Hall (1995)- High-pressure and -temperature subophiolitic
kyanite-garnet amphibolites generated during initiation of Mid-Tertiary subduction, Palawan, Philippines. J.
Petrology 36, 6, p. 1481-1503.
(Metamorphic rocks near base of pre-M Eocene ophiolite in C Palawan preserve record of conditions under
which ophiolite was detached and emplaced onto rifted SE margin of China. Radiometric ages all around 34
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Ma (~Eo-Oligocene boundary). P-T conditions and regional geology suggest metamorphism at depth >30km in
subduction zone. Rapid cooling and exhumation after peak metamorphic conditions in earliest Oligocene)
Encarnacion, J.P. & S.B. Mukasa (1997)- Age and geochemistry of an anorogenic crustal melt and
implications for I-type granite petrogenesis. Lithos 42, p. 1-13.
(M Miocene Capoas I-type biotite granite intrusion in Permian-Jurassic sedimentary rocks of N Palawan
Continental Terrane, a fragment of Mesozoic Andean-type margin of SE China that was separated from
mainland during Late Oligocene- E Miocene opening of S China Sea. Composed mainly of older continental
crust; probably calc-alkaline source rocks of Mesozoic Andean-type margin of S China that underwent partial
melting in late M Miocene time in an anorogenic setting)
Encarnacion, J.P., S.B. Mukasa & E.J. Obille (1993)- Zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Zambales and Angat
ophiolites, Luzon, Philippines: evidence for an Eocene arc-back arc pair. J. Geoph. Res. 98, p. 19991-20004.
(Two basement terranes exposed on Luzon, Zambales ophiolite in W and Angat ophiolite in E, are, separated by
10 km thick and 100 km wide sedimentary basin. Zircon ages from Zambales ophiolite ~44- 45 Ma, M Eocene,
in agreement with minimum Late Eocene age of overlying Aksitero Fm. Zircons from Angat 48 Ma, younger
than Late Cretaceous age based on radiolarian fauna from melange sequence SSE of main ophiolite. Small age
difference between Zambales and Angat ophiolites suggests common origin. Zambales-Angat ophiolite
represents preserved Eocene back-arc basin, formed behind Eocene arc, within Cretaceous oceanic basement,
therefore not allochthonous terranes)
Faure, M. & K. Ishida (1990)- The Mid-Upper Jurassic olistostrome of the West Philippines: a distinctive keymarker for the North Palawan block. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 4, 1, p. 61-67.
(N Palawan island mainly chaotic mix of turbidites, slumps, pebbly mudstone, sandstone and olistostrome, with
exotic blocks of Permian- Triassic chert and limestone, M-U Jurassic limestone, acidic lava and volcanoclastic
rocks. Callovian- Lower Kimmeridgian radiolarians in mudstone matrix. Olistostrome with exotic blocks
overlain by Late Cretaceous-Eocene turbidites. Similar olistostrome at Calamian, Mindoro, Panay and
Carabao islands)
Faure M., Y. Marchadier & C. Rangin (1989)- Pre-Eocene synmetamorphic structure in the Mindoro-RomblonPalawan area, West Philippines, and implications for the history of Southeast Asia. Tectonics 8, 5, p. 963-979.
Florendo, F.F. (1994)- Tertiary arc rifting in northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonics 13, 3, p. 623-640.
(N Luzon Terrane one of largest arc terranes in Philippines. Late Eocene island arc system formed above
subducting W Philippine plate. Bifurcating Lt Eocene- Lt Oligocene magmatic arcs separated by Cagayan
basin, formed by Late Oligocene- E Miocene intra-arc rifting, with oceanic crust formed at SW end. Arc rifting
may be manifestation of extensional tectonism that affected most of SE Asia in Late Oligocene- E Miocene,
during which S China and SE Sulu basins formed. Subsequent to arc rifting, subduction of S China plate along
Manila Trench, starting at ~15 Ma)
Fontaine, H., L. Beauvais, C. Poumont & D. Vachard (1979)- Donnees nouvelles sur le Mesozoique de 1'Ouest
des Philippines. Decouverte de Rhetien marin. Compt. Rend. Somm. Soc. Geol. France 1979, 3, p. 117-121.
(Discoveries of Middle Jurassic limestone with corals (simple forms, Montlivaltiidae) on SE Mindoro. On
Calamian islands, W Philippines: Busuanga with thick Upper Triassic siliceous clastics with radiolaria, on
Malajon reefal limestone with massive corals (incl. Thaumatoporella) and Rhaetian foraminifera like
Involutina, Triasina cf. hantkeni, etc.))
Fontaine, H., N.D. Tien & D. Vachard (1986)- Discovery of Permian limestone south of Tara Island in the
Calamian Islands, Philippines. In: H. Fontaine (ed.) The Permian of Southeast Asia, CCOP Tech. Bull. 18, p.
161-167.
(Permian limestones in NE part of Calamian islands. Malemeglemeg and Botulan Islands Late MurgabianMidian age wackestone with forams-algae, incl. Tubiphytes and fusulinids. Getche island oolitic grainstone
may be Permian or Triassic)
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Fontaine H. & D.R. Workman (1979)- Note on the geology of the Calamian Islands, North Palawan,
Philippines. United Nat., ECAFE, CCOP Newsl. 6, 2, p. 40-47.
(Presence of Rhaetian- Lower Jurassic limestones, unconformably over radiolarian cherts?)
Forbes, M.T., C.B. Mapaye & J.A. Bacud (2011)- Structural characterization of offshore Southwest Palawan,
Philippines using the most recent 2D/3D seismic data. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 16,
25p. (Presentation package)
(Improved seismic imaging allows identification of 4 major structures, Eocene half-graben with thick synrift
deposits, varying deformational styles in fold-thrust belt, duplication of Oligo-Miocene Nido Lst reservoir, etc.)
Foronda, J. (1995)- Depositional systems and coal cyclothems in the Upper Malubog Formation (Lower
Miocene), Cebu, Central Philippines. In: C.A.Caughey et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Sequence stratigraphy in
Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1995, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., p. 465-476.
Foronda, J.M. (2007)- New potential plays in the syn-rift sequences in Offshore Palawan. Presentation
SEAPEX Conf., Singapore 2007, p. + Abstract, 2p.
(Paleogene Syn-Rift sequences off NW Palawan mainly marine deposits. M Oligocene unconformity in S
China Sea Basin separates Syn-Rift from widespread Nido Lst platform carbonates. Exploration targets Nido
Lst buildups and fractured platform carbonates and overlying Pagasa Fm turbidites. Outboard highs where
most wells have been drilled, syn-rift low net/gross, giving perceived lack of reservoir sands. Potential lowstand
plays basin floor fans, leveed channels and incised valley fills. Basin floor fan may reach several km along dip.
Leveed channel complex irregular and discontinuous reflections with occasional channels almost 1 km wide.
Incised valley fills typically >2 km wide. Exploration risks for syn-rift plays include lack of local condensed
section above basin floor fans to serve as seal and drilling sand-poor fill in leveed channels and incised valleys)
Fournier, F. (2004)- Evolution de l'edifice carbonate du champ de gaz de Malampaya, Tertiaire, offshore
Palawan, Philippines. Implications pout la caracteristion du reservoir Thesis University of Provence, p. 1-208.
(Study of Tertiary carbonate buildup od Malampaya gas field, offshore Palawan. )
Fournier, F. & J. Borgomano (2007)- Geological significance of seismic reflections and imaging of the reservoir
architecture in the Malampaya gas field (Philippines). AAPG Bull. 91, 2, p. 235-258.
(North Palawan 1989 Malampaya oil-gas discovery in U Eocene- Lower Miocene carbonate buildup. Porosity
distribution mainly controlled by meteoric diagenesis)
Fournier, F., J. Borgomano & L.F. Montaggioni (2005)- Development patterns and controlling factors of
Tertiary carbonate buildups: insights from high-resolution 3D seismic and well data in the Malampaya gas field
(Offshore Palawan, Philippines). Sedim. Geol. 175, p.189-215.
(Malampaya buildup off NW Palawan internal carbonate platform architecture. Carbonate system initiated in
Late Eocene (Pellatispira) as attached shelf influenced by clastic input. Late Eocene- E Oligocene syndepositional extensional tectonics (E tilting and block faulting) favoured development of small buildups on
highs. After E-ward reef progradation, aggrading shelf developed in Late Oligocene- E Miocene. Demise of
buildup in late E Miocene from increase in subsidence and/or nutrient input. Eustacy, oceanographic
conditions and type of carbonate producers played subordinate role in buildup development and demise)
Fournier, F., L. Montaggioni & J. Borgomano (2004) Paleoenvironments and high-frequency cyclicity from
Cenozoic south-east Asian shallow-water carbonates: a case study from the Oligo-Miocene buildups on
Malampaya (offshore Palawan, Philippines). Marine Petrol. Geol. 21, p. 1-21.
(Malampaya- Camago oil-gas field in Nido carbonate buildup of Late Oligocene- E Miocene age. Microfacies
assemblages described. High-frequency cyclicity recognized of 3-10m thick shallowing-upward cycles, often
capped by paleosol, probably reflecting Milankovic scale sea level fluctuations. )
Francisco, F.U. (1966)- A review and assessment of oil exploration in the Philippines, 1. Petrol. Division,
Philippine Bureau of Mines, 193p.
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Francisco, F.U. (1975)- A review of oil exploration and stratigraphy of sedimentary basins of the Philippines, 2.
Petrol. Division, Philippine Bureau of Mines, 95p.
Fuller, M., R. McCabe, I.S. Williams, J. Almasco. R.Y. Encina et al. (1983)- Paleomagnetism of Luzon. In:
D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- II. Amer. Geoph.
Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 79-94.
Gabo, J.A.S. C.B. Dimalanta, M.G.S. Asio, K.L. Queano, G.P. Yumul & A. Imai (2009)- Geology and
geochemistry of the clastic sequences from Northwestern Panay (Philippines): implications for provenance and
geotectonic setting. Tectonophysics 479, p. 111-119.
Gallagher, J.J. (1984)- Philippine Islands: a tectonic railroad siding. In: Future petroleum provinces of the
world. AAPG Mem. 40, p. 515-527.
(Philippine islands mix of continental and oceanic crust fragments. Carbonate and clastic sediments of main
terranes currently deforming by strike-slip, subduction and extension. Complex tectonic history potentially
limits size of hydrocarbon accumulations)
Gallagher, J.J. (1987)- Philippine microplate tectonics and hydrocarbon exploration. In: M.K. Horn (ed.) Trans.
4th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference, Singapore 1986, p. 103-119.
Geary, E.E., T.M. Harrison & M. Heizler (1988)- Diverse ages and origins of basement complexes, Luzon,
Philippines. Geology 16. 4, p. 341-344.
(40Ar/39Ar ages from two basement complexes in SE Luzon document first occurrences of pre-Late Cretaceous
age rocks in E Philippines: Late Jurassic (Caramoan complex) to E Cretaceous and E Miocene (Camarines
Norte- Calaguas Islands complex). Philippine Archipelago amalgamation of allochthonous Mesozoic and
Cenozoic island-arc, ocean-basin, and continental fragments assembled during Tertiary)
Gervasio, F.C. (1966)- A study of the tectonics of the Philippine Archipelago. Philippine Geol. 20, 2, p. 51-75.
Gervasio, F.C. (1967)- The age and nature of orogenesis of the Philippines. Tectonophysics 4, p. 379-402.
Gervasio, F.C. (1968)- Age and nature of orogenesis of the Philippines. United Nations ECAFE CCOP Techn.
Bull. 1, p. 113-128.
Gervasio, F.C. (1973)- Geotectonic development of the Philippines. In: P.J. Coleman (ed.) The Western Pacific:
island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry, Western Australia Univ. Press, p. 307-324.
Grey, R.R. (1956)- Eocene in the Philippines. Proc. Eighth Pacific Sci. Congr., 1953, 2, p. 503-573.
(Hashimoto 1969: Occurrences of Eocene larger forams Discocyclina, Pellatispira, Nummulites, etc.)
Gonzales, B.A. (1969)- Development and status of paleontological research in the Philippines. United Nations
ECAFE CCOP Techn. Bull. 2, p. 87-95.
Gonzales, B.A. (1969)- Development and status of micropaleontological research in the Philippines. J. Geol.
Soc. Philippines 23, 4, p. 183-195.
Gonzales, B.A., S.G. Martin & E.P. Espiritu (1978)- Philippines; onshore stratigraphy of the Philippine Tertiary
basins. Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ESCAP region V, ESCAP Atlas of
stratigraphy I, UN ESCAP 44, p. 33-44.
Grotsch, J. & C. Mercadier (1999)- Integrated 3-D reservoir modelling based on 3-D seismic: the Tertiary
Malampaya and Camago buildups, offshore Palawan, Philippines. AAPG Bull. 83, 11, p. 1703-1728.
(On complex complex sedimentary geometries, diagenesis, etc. of Oligocene- E Miocene Malampaya and
Camago reefal buildups, offshore Palawan)
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Hall, R. & G.J. Nichols (1990)- Terrane amalgamation in the Philippinine Sea margin. Teconophysics 181, p.
207-222.
Hamburger M., R. Cardwell & B. Isacks (1983)- Seismotectonics of the northern Philippine Island Arc. In: D.E.
Hayes (ed.) The tectonics and geologic evolution of southeast Asean seas and islands II, Amer. Geophys. Union
Mon. 27, p. 1-22.
Hargreaves, T.J. et al. (1992)- The geology of the Caluit discovery NW Palawan, Philippines. Philippine
Exploration Conf., Manila, 13p.
Hashimoto, W. (1969)- Paleontology of the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia,
Univ. of Tokyo Press, 6, p, 293-329.
(Review of Carboniferous- Pliocene fossils assemblages from Philippines)
Hashimoto, W. (1980)- On the fundamental structural units of the Philippine basement and the extension to the
neighbouring countries. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 21, p. 303-317.
Hashimoto, W. (1981)- Two types of Tertiary oil basins in the Philippines. Proc. Fourth Reg. Conf. Geology,
Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia, Manila 1981, p. 277-286.
Hashimoto, W. (1981)- Geologic development of the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast
Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p. 83-170.
Hashimoto, W., P.M. Alcantara, N. Aoki, G.R. Balce & P.P. David (1978)- Nummulites from the Lubingan
crystalline schist of Bongabon, Nueva Ecija and their significance on the geologic development of the
Philippines. Proc. Japan Academy 54, 1, p.
Hashimoto, W., N. Aoki, P.P. David, G.R. Balce & P.M. Alcantara (1978)- Discovery of Nummulites from the
Lubingan crystalline schist exposed east of Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines and its significance on the
geologic development of the Philippines. Geology and Palaeont. of SE Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 19, p. 57-63.
Hashimoto, W. & G.R. Balce (1975)- A new correlation scheme for the Philippine Cenozoic formations. In: H.
Ujiie & T. Saito (eds.) Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Pacific Neogene stratigraphy, Tokyo 1976, p. 119-132.
(Larger foram range chart and Philippines formations correlation table)
Hashimoto, W., N. Kitamura, G.R. Balce, K. Matsumara et al. (1979)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines,
X: Stratigraphic and faunal breaks between the Maybangain and Kinabuan Formations in the Tanai region,
Rizal, Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, 20, p. 143-157.
Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines, VIII: Larger Foraminifera
from Central Samar. In: Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 19, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 81-88.
(Three Miocene species)
Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines, IX: Larger Foraminifera
from the Zigzag Limestone, South of Boguio, Benguest, Luzon, Philippines. In: Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia
19, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 89-96.
(Five species of lower Middle Miocene)
Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1981)- Larger Foraminifera from the Philippines. Part XII. Eocene Limestone
from southeastern Luzon. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia 22, Univ. Tokyo Press, p. 63-73.
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Hashimoto W., & K. Matsumaru (1981)- Geological significance of the discovery of Nummulites fichteli
(Michelotti) from the Sagada Plateau, Bontoc, Mountain Province, Northern Luzon, Philippines. Geol.
Palaeontol. Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo Press, , 22, p. 75-82.
(Discovery of generally rare E Oligocene/ zone Td reticulate Nummulites fichteli in N Luzon, in thin limestones
in volcanoclastic Sagada Fm. Associated with Lepidocyclina(Eulepidina) and Cycloclypeus cf oppenoorthi)
Hashimoto, W. & K. Matsumaru (1982)- Larger Foraminifera from the Philippines, XIV: On some larger
Foraminifera bearing rocks from Palawan. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, Univ. Tokyo
Press, 24, p. 39-44.
Hashimoto W. & K. Matsumaru (1984)- Mesozoic and Cenozoic larger Foraminifera of the Philippines and
references to those found from Borneo by the APRSA's palaeontological reconnaissance. Geol. Palaeontol.
Southeast Asia, 25, Univ. Press, Tokyo p. 147-166.
Hashimoto W. K.Matsumaru & P.M. Alcantara (1982)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part XIII.
Larger foraminifera from the Trankalan Limestone and the Eacalante (Toboso) Formation, West of Lanao River
Valley, northeastern Occidental Negros. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo
Press, 24, p. 31-38.
Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & H. Fuchimoto (1980)- Consideration on the stratigraphy of the Caraballo
Range, Northern Luzon: larger foraminiferal ranges on the Cenozoic of the Philippines. In: Geology and
Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 21, p. 119-134.
Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara (1977)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part V. Larger
Foraminifera from Cenozoic limestones in the Mansalay vicinity, Oriental Mindoro, with appendix "An
orbitoid-bearing limestone from Barahid, Bongabong". In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia,
University of Tokyo Press, 18, p. 59-76.
Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part VI. Larger
foraminifera found from the Pinugay Hill Limestone, Tanay, Rizal, Central Luzon. In: Geology and
Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & K. Kurihara (1978)- Larger foraminifera from the Philippines. Part VII. Larger
Foraminifera found from the Lutak Hill Limestone, Pandan Valley, Central Cebu, Philippines. In: Geology and
Hashimoto, W., K. Matsumara, K. Kurihara, P.P. David & G.R. Balce (1977)- Larger foraminiferal
assemblages useful for the correlation of the Cenozoic marine sediments in the mobile belt of the Philippines.
In: T. Kobayashi et al. (eds.) Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 18, p.
103-124.
(Range charts, etc.) showing occurrences of 137 species of larger forams between Paleocene- Miocene, and
correlation with planktonic foram zonation)
Hashimoto W., K. Matsumaru & M. Sugaya (1982)- Larger Foraminifera from the Philippines. Part XI. On the
Coal Harbor Limestone, Cagraray Island, Batan Island Group, Albay Province. In: Geology and Palaeontology
of Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p.55-62.
(Five U Oligocene- M Miocene species of larger forams)
Hashimoto, W. & T. Sato (1968)- Contribution to the geology of Mindoro and neighbouring islands, The
Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, University Tokyo Press, 5, p. 192-210.
Hashimoto, W. & T. Sato (1973)- Geological structure of North Palawan and its bearing on the geological
history of the Philippines. In: T. Kobayashi & R. Toriyama (eds.) Geology and Palaeontolpgy of Southeast
Asia, University Tokyo Press, 13, p. 145-161.
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(N Palawan (mainly Malampaya Sound) low-metamorphic M Permian (with black fusulinid limestones, incl.
Neoschwagerina, Verbeekina, Parafusulina)- M Triassic sediments, intensely folded, with NNW-SSE fold axes.
In S Mindoro similar rocks unformably overlain by M and U Jurassic.
Hashimoto, W. & T. Sato (1981)- Geologic development of the Philippines. In: Geology and Palaeontology of
Southeast Asia, University of Tokyo Press, 22, p. 83-170.
Hashimoto, S. G. Takizawa, G.R. Balce, E.A. Espiritu & C.A. Baura (1980)- Discovery of Triassic conodonts
from Majalon and Uson Islands of the Calamian Island Group, Palawan Province, the Philippines, and its
geological significance. Proc. Japan Acad. 56, Ser. B, p. 69-73.
(Discovery of Epigondolella abneptis, a Lower Norian index conodont of Japan, in limestone at SE coast of
Malajon Island, Calamian Islands, N of Palawan. These radiolarites appear to be unconformably overlain by
latest Triassic- E Jurassic limestones and clastics described by Fontaine 1979)
Haston R.B. & M. Fuller (1991)- Paleomagnetic data from the Philippine Sea Plate and their tectonic
significance. J. Geophys. Res. 96, p. 6073-6098.
Hatley, A.G. (1978)- The Nido reef discovery in the Philippines its significance. Oil Gas J. 24, p. 13-16.
Hatley, A.G. (1978)- Palawan oil spurs Philippine action. Oil Gas J., Feb. 27, 1978, p. 112-118.
Hatley, A.G. (1980)- The Philippines Nido reef comples oil field: a case history of exploration and development
of a small oil field. SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1980, 8p.
(Nido complex 1976 oil discovery off NW Palawan. Reservoir two separate Late Oligocene- Early Miocene
reefal buildups on Early Oligocene carbonate platform)
Hatley, A.G. (1992)- Finding oil where it shouldnt be. In: A.G. Hatley (ed.) The oil finders, a collection of
stories about exploration, Centex Press, Utopia, p. 119-140.
(History of Philippines Nido Field discovery)
Hatley, A.G. & R.Y. Harry (1979)- Exploration and development of the Nido Reef complex oil discovery,
Philippines. CCOP/SOPAC Tech. Bull. 3, p. 253-260.
Hawkins, J.W. & C.A. Evans (1983)- Geology of the Zambales Range, Luzon, Philippine Islands: ophiolite
derived from an island arc- back arc basin pair. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of
Southeast Asian seas and islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 95-123.
Hawkins J.W., J.C. Moore, R. Villamor, C. Evans & E. Wright (1985)- Geology of the composite terranes of
East and Central Mindanao. In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum Pacific region 1,
Circum-Pacific Council Energy and Mineral Res., Earth Science Ser., p. 437-463.
(Phillippine Archipelago formed by amalgamation of many geologic terranes. E Mindanao two composite
terranes, sutured together by mid-Tertiary (Late Oligocene?). W Mindanao terrane is extension of Sangihe Arc)
Hayes D.E. & S.D. Lewis (1984)- A geophysical study of the Manilla trench, Luzon, Philippines. 1- Crustal
structure, gravity and regional tectonic evolution. J. Geophys. Res. 89, p. 9171-9195.
Hedenquist, J.W., A. Arribas & T.J. Reynolds (1998)- Evolution of an intrusion-centred hydrothermal system:
far Southeast- Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits, Philippines. Econ. Geol. 93, p. 373-404.
Hilde T.W.C. & C.S. Lee (1984)- Origin and evolution of the West Philippine Basin: a new interpretation.
Tectonophysics, 102, p. 85-104.
(W Philippine Basin two distinct spreading phases. From 60-45 Ma spreading NE-SW, relative to present
orientation. At ~45 Ma spreading direction changed to more N-S direction with reconfiguration of C Basin
Spreading Center into short E-W segments offset by closely spaced N-S transform faults. Spreading slowed and
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ceased at 35 Ma B.P. Thus, W Philippine Basin originated at 45 Ma by trapping of normal ocean crust W of
initial subduction along Palau-Kyushu trend. 45-35 Ma B.P. period represents dying phase of spreading on C
Basin Spreading Center following isolation of W Philippine Basin from plate driving forces of Pacific)
Hinz, K., E.H.K. Kempter & H.U. Schluter (1985)- The southern Palawan-Balabac Area: an accreted or nonaccreted terrane? Proc. 3rd Conf. Asian Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE), Kuala Lumpur, 2, p. 48-72.
Hinz, K. & H.U. Schluter (1985)- Geology of the Dangerous grounds, South China Sea, and the continental
margin off southwest Palawan: results of SONNE cruises SO-23 and SO-27. Energy, 10, 3-4, p. 297-315.
(Seismic, magnetic and gravity data along 51 profiles in SE S China Sea (Dangerous Grounds, Palawan
Trough). Five regional unconformities: Miocene-Pliocene, M Miocene (end of S China Sea seafloor
spreading), Lower Miocene (often top of carbonate platforms), M-U Oligocene (rift-drift transition S China
Sea) and Cretaceous-Paleocene (onset of rifting). Dangerous Grounds and parts of Palawan Trough
underlain by stretched continental crust. Oldest rocks sampled in Dangerous Grounds U Triassic- Jurassic. U
Oligocene- Lw Miocene carbonate platform from Dangerous Grounds E under Palawan Trough and Palawan
shelf. C and S Palawan part of microcontinent with Dangerous Grounds/Reed Bank, N Palawan and
Calamian block. E edge of carbonate platform overthrust from S by chaotically deformed sediments,
suggesting Palawan Trough not ancient subduction trench, but loading of overthrust wedge)
Holloway N.H. (1981)- The North Palawan block, Philippines: its relation to the Asian mainland and its role in
the evolution of the South China Sea. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 14, p. 19-58.
(Mindoro, N Palawan and Reed Bank in SW Philippines form Palawan Block continental fragment. PermianPaleogene rocks with 4 pre-Neogene unconformities suggest original pre-drift position against S China
mainland. Tectonic history: (1) Jurassic-Cretaceous convergent continental margin; (2) Late Cretaceous
inception of Philippine island arc system; (3)CCW rotation of arc from Late Eocene onwards; (4) Paleocene- M
Miocene opening of South China Sea; (5) E-M Miocene collision with Palawan subduction system)
Holloway, N.H. (1982)- North Palawan Block, Philippines- its relation to Asian mainland and role in evolution
of South China Sea. AAPG Bull. 66, 9, p. 1355- 1383.
(Same as Holloway (1981))
Imai, A. (2000)- Mineral paragenesis, fluid inclusions and sulfur isotope systematics of the Lepanto-Far
Southeast porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Mankayan, Benguet, Philippines . Resource Geol. 50, p. 151-168.
Imai, A. (2002)- Metallogenesis of porphyry Cu deposits of the Western Luzon Arc, Philippines: K-Ar ages,
SO3 contents of microphenocrystic apatite and significance of intrusive rocks. Resource Geol. 52, p. 147-161.
(W Luzon arc has been generating porphyry Cu mineralization associated with intermediate-silicic magmatism
related to E-ward subduction since Miocene)
Imai, A. (2005)- Evolution of hydrothermal system at the Dizon porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Zambales,
Philippines. Resource Geol. 55, p. 73-90.
Irving E.M. (1950)- Review of Philippine basement geology and its problems. Phil. J. Science 79, 3, p. 267-307.
Irving, E.M. (1952)- Geological history and petroleum possibilities of the Philippines. AAPG Bull. 36, 3, p.
437-476.
Irving E.M. (1953)- A geologic map (biostratigraphic-lithologic) of the Philippines, scale 1:125,000. Philippine
Bureau of Mines and US Geological Survey, Manilla.
Ishida, K., S. Suzuki, G.P. Yumul & C.B. Dimalanta (2011)- Middle Eocene low-paleolatitude radiolarian
evidence for the Cabog Formation, Central East Luzon, Philippine Mobile Belt Gondwana Res. 19, 1, p. 61-70.
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Ishijima, W. & W. Hashimoto (1969)- Discovery of Distichoplax biserialis Dietrich in Upper Eocene limestone
lenses exposed in the valley of the Mangamnan River, Marinduque Island, The Philippines. In: Geology and
Palaeontology of SE Asia 7, p. 87-92.
Ishiwada, Y. (1971)- Analysis of petroleum source rocks from the Philippines. United Nations ECAFE CCOP
Techn. Bull. 4, p. 83-92.
Javelosa, R.S. (1994)- Active Quaternary environments in the Philippine Mobile belt. Ph.D. Thesis ITC,
Enschede, 179 p.
Jego, S., R.C. Maury, M. Polve, G.P. Yumul, H. Bellon, R.A. Tamayo & J. Cotten (2005)- Geochemistry of
adakites from the Philippines: constraints on their origins. Resource Geol. 55, p. 163-187.
John, T.U. (1963)- Geology and mineral deposits of East-Central Balabac Is., Palawan Prov., Philippines.
Philippine Geol. 17, p. 1-75.
Karig D.E. (1975)- Basin genesis in the Philippine Sea. Init. Repts. Deep Sea Drilling Project 31, p. 857-879.
Karig D.E. (1983)- Temporal relationships between back arc basin formation and arc volcanism with special
reference to te Philippine Sea. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast asian seas
and islands 2, AGU Geophys. Mon. Ser. 27, p. 318-325.
Karig D.E. (1983)- Accreted terranes in the northern part of the Philippine archipelago. Tectonics, 2, 2, p. 211232.
(Philippine Archipelago complex array of ophiolites, continental fragments and island arc elements, from W to
E: Neogene accretionary prism of W Luzon Arc, Eocene Zambales ophiolite, Cretaceous Angat ophiolite, and
Late Cretaceous- E Paleogene volcanic arc built on older metamorphic basement. To S, W Luzon terranes
juxtaposed against Mindoro metamorphic basement block, which is colliding with N Palawan microcontinent)
Karig D.E., D.R. Sarewitz & G.D. Haeck (1986)- Role of strike-slip faulting in the evolution of allochthonous
terranes in the Philippines. Geology 14, p. 852-855.
Kerntke, M. (1991)- Zur geotektonischen Entwicklung der Visayas/ Philippinen und ihres sudost asiatischen
Rahmens. Mitt. Geol. Palaeont. Institut der Universitat Hamburg. 71, p. 61-92.
(On the geotectonic development of the Visayas, Philippines and its SE Asian setting)
Keston, S. (1981)- Geological relationship between Reed Bank and offshore western Palawan, Philippines.
Proc. 4th Reg. Conf. Geology, Min. Energy Resources SE Asia, Manila 1981, p. 829-834.
Kiessling, W. & E. Flugel (2000)- Late Paleozoic and Late Triassic limestones from North Palawan Block
(Philippines): microfacies and paleogeographical implications. Facies 43, p. 39-78.
(Permian- Carboniferous limestones in El Nido area. Paglugaban Fm with mid- Carboniferous fusulinids.
Permian Minilog Fm Guadalupian fusulinid and dasycladacean wacke-/packstones. Busuanga Island Late
Triassic (Rhaetian) limestones in reef and platform facies, similar to E Sulawesi, Banda Basin, Malay
Peninsula, Malay Basin, etc. Carbonates formed on seamounts surrounded by deep water radiolarian cherts.
Permian- Triassic carbonates contradict close paleogeographic connection between N Palawan Block and S
China. N Palawan probably part of Indochina in Carboniferous-Permian, separated from Indochina Block in M
Permian and collided with S China Block in Late Cretaceous)
Kintanar (1976)- Petroleum geology of the Philippines. Proc. 2nd Geol. Conv. and 1st Symp. Geology and
Mineral Resources of the Philippines, GPS, Manila, 1, p. 401-432.
Knittel, U. (2010)- 83 Ma rhyolite from Mindoro - evidence for Late Yanshanian magmatism in the Palawan
continental terrane (Philippines). Island Arc 19, p. 1-9.
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Lallemand S., M. Popoff, J.-P. Cadet, B. Deffontaines, A.G. Bader, M. Pubellier & C. Rangin (1998)- The
junction between the central and southern Philippine Trench. J. Geophys. Res., 103, B1, p. 933-950.
Lee, C.S., N.D. Trinidad & M.C. Galloway (1993)- A preliminary result of the Ragay Gulf survey in the
Philippines. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western
margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 33, p. 289-301.
(Seismic and geochemical sniffer surveys by AGSO on NE Palawan shelf- Cuyo Platform and SE Luzon Ragay
Gulf- Tayabas Bay. Ragay Bay data indicate presence of significant hydrocarbon source rocks)
Lewis, S. D., and D. E. Hayes (1983)- The tectonics of northward propagating subduction along eastern Luzon,
Philippines islands. In: D. E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic evolution of SE Asian seas and islands 2,
AGU Geophys. Mon. 27, p. 57-78.
Lewis S.D. & D.E. Hayes (1984)- A geophysical study of Manila trench Luzon, Philippines. 2. Forearc basin
structural and stratigraphic evolution. J. Geophys. Res. 89, p. 9196-9214.
Lewis S.D. & D.E. Hayes (1989)- Plate convergence and deformation, North Luzon Ridge, Philippines.
Lloyd, R.M. (1996)- Criteria for successful exploration of Miocene reef production in the Philippines. In: G.P.
& A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf
Publishing, Houston, p. 537-541.
(Many well-defined carbonate buildups drilled in Philippines, but with only moderate success. Main reasons for
failure are absence of competent drape seal over buildups and lack of direct access to mature source rocks)
Longman, M.W. (1980)- Carbonate petrology of the Nido B-3A core, offshore Palawan, Philippines. Amer.
Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Carbonate core workshop, 1980, p.
Longman, M.W. (1982)- Fracture porosity in reef talus of a Miocene pinnacle-reef reservoir, Nido B Field, the
Philippines. In: P.O. Roehl & P.W. Choquette (eds.) Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs, Springer, New York, p.
549-560.
Macpherson, C.G. (2008)- Lithosphere erosion and crustal growth in island arcs: insights from the nascent East
Philippine margin. Geology 36, 4, p. 311-314.
Malihan, T.D. (1987)- The gold-rich Dizon porphyry copper mine in the western Central Luzon Island,
Philippines: its geology and tectonic setting. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast,
Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 303-307.
Marchadier, Y. & C. Rangin (1990)- Polyphase tectonics at the southern tip of Manila trench, Mindoro-Tablas
islands, Philippines. Tectonophysics 183, p. 273-287.
Marquez, E.J., J.C. Aitchison & L.R. Zamoras (2006)- Upper Permian to Middle Jurassic radiolarian
assemblages of Busuanga and surrounding islands, Palawan, Philippines. In: Radiolaria- siliceous plankton
through time, Eclog. Geol. Helv. 99, Suppl 1, p. 101-125.
(N Palawan Block regarded as S-most continuation of Late Mesozoic accretionary complex, which developed
along length of E Asian margin. It records Late Permian-Late Jurassic pelagic deposition on oceanic plate with
subduction of plate starting by E Cretaceous. U Permian- M Jurassic radiolarians from13 localities)
Marquez, E.J. & K.L. Queano (2002)- Sedimentological study of the Bonagbonag Limestone, Catanduanes,
Philippines: a look into the Late Cretaceous depositional episode of a portion of the Southeast Luzon Basin. J.
Asian Earth Sciences, p.
106
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Martin. S.G. (1976)- A review of oil exploration and stratigraphy of the sedimentary basins of the Philippines.
United Nations ESCAP CCOP Techn. Bull. 10, p. 55-102.
Masse, J.P., M. Villeneuve, F. Tumanda, C. Quiel & W. Diegor (1996)- Plate-formes carbonatees a orbitolines
et rudistes du Cretace inferieur dans l'ile de Cebu (Philippines). Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Ser. IIa 322, p.
973-980.
(Lower Cretaceous carbonate platforms with orbitolinids and rudists on Cebu Island, Philippines. Orbitolinid
and rudist limestones associated with island-arc volcanoclastics formerly ascribed to Lower Aptian, now
assigned to Albian, based on orbitolinids and calcareous algae with Mediterranean or Caribbean affinity)
Mathisen, M.E. (1984)- Diagenesis of Plio-Pleistocene nonmarine sandstones, Cagayan Basin, Philippines:
early development of secondary porosity in volcanic sandstones. In: Early development of secondary porosity in
volcanic sandstones, AAPG Mem. 37, p. 177-193.
(Plio-Pleistocene non-marine vocanic sandstones of Cagayan basin significantly altered by early dissolution
and cementation. Fluvial sandstones buried to 400-900 m only slightly compacted, but with significant
authigenic pore-lining clay and zeolites. Early dissolution of plagioclase, heavy minerals and volcanic
fragments in nearly all samples, dissolving up to half framework grains and increasing porosity to 40%)
Mathisen, M.E. & C.F. Vondra (1983)- The fluvial and pyroclastic deposits of the Cagayan basin, northern
Luzon, Philippines: an example of non-marine volcaniclastic sedimentation in an interarc basin. Sedimentology
30, p. 369-92.
Matsumaru, K. (1974)- Larger foraminifera from East Mindanao, the Philippines. In: Geology and
Maury, R.C., F.G. Sajona, M. Pubellier, H. Bellon & M.J. Defant (1996)- Fusion de la croute oceanique dans
les zones de subduction/ collision recentes: lexemple de Mindanao, Philippines. Bull. Soc. Geol. France 167, p.
579-595.
('Fusion of oceanic crust in recent subduction/ collision zones: example of Mindanao, Philippines')
McCabe R., J. Almasco & W. Diegor (1983)- Geologic and paleomagnetic evidence for a possible Miocene
collision in western Panay, Central Philippines. Geology 10, p. 325-329.
(Palawan metamorphic terrane, represented by Paleozoic basement on NW tip of Panay, collided with
remainder of island between Late Oligocene and M Miocene. Evidence for collision is (1) juxtaposition of old
melange terrane against metamorphosed Paleozoic continental sediments similar to Palawan island, and (2)
Miocene thrusting in melange terrane oriented parallel to suture. Paleomagnetic studies show Panay island
rotated 20 CW since E Miocene, whereas N Philippines rotated CCW, consistent with collision of Philippine
arc with NE-converging Palawan block)
McCabe, R., J.N. Almasco & G. Yumul (1988)- Terranes of the Central Philippines. In: D.G. Howell (ed.)
Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum Pacific Region, Circum-Pacific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth
Sci. Ser., p. 421-436.
(Philippine Archipelago is collection of volcanic arcs, ophiolite fragments and rifted continental blocks, welded
together by Late Miocene. Five terranes in Central Philippines)
McCabe R., E. Kikawa, J.T. Cole, A.J. Malicse, P.Baldauf, J. Yumul & J. Almasco (1987)- Paleomagnetic
results from Luzon and the Central Philippines. J. Geophys. Res. 92, B1, p. 555-580.
(Plio-Pleistocene paleomagnetic data shows no rotation, suggesting terranes that make up Philippine Arc
behaved as a single unit during past 5 M.y. Late Miocene sites two groups: W Luzon evidence for~20 of CW
rotation; Bicol region, Negros, Marinduque, and Mindanao not rotated. Early Neogene results also two
different populations: Marinduque large CCW rotation Panay, Cebu, and Mindanao CW rotation. Early
Neogene data consistent with M-L Miocene collision of Palawan Continental Terrane and Central Philippine
Arc. Dikes of possible Oligocene age from Zambales Ophiolite rotated ~60 clockwise. VGP of Mindoro
displaced S-ward from Late Jurassic VGP of S China, suggesting post-Jurassic S-ward migration of Mindoro)
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McMurtrie, G., R. Jason, C. Lambert & J. Pattillo (2011)- Deepwater potential the NW Palawan Basin,
Philippines. SEAPEX Expl. Conf., Singapore 2011, Presentation 17, 24p. (Presentation package
(Undrilled deep water NW of Palawan Island. Present-day shallow-water reservoir fairways like Nido
Limestone, extend into deepwater. Outbord half grabens with potential source rocks modeled to be oil-mature.
Seabed coring indicates widespread thermogenic microseepage. Inversion structures, gas chimneys, etc.))
Meteer, F.T., K. Sashida & H. Igo (1996)- Some Jurassic radiolarians from Busuanga Island, Calamian Island
Group, Palawan, Philippines. In: H. Noda & K. Sashida, (eds). Prof. H. Igo Comm. volume, Geology and
Paleontology of Japan and Southeast Asia, p. 165-191.
Militante-Matias, P.J., M.M. de Leon & E.J. Marquez (2000)- Cretaceous environments of the Philippines. In:
H. Okada & N.J. Mateer (eds.) Cretaceous environments of Asia, Developments in Palaeontology and
Stratigraphy 17, Elsevier, p. 181- 200.
(Cretaceous rocks in Philippines exposed in several areas in C Philippines and Palawan. Composed of
metamorphic basement rocks, crust-mantle sequences (Ophiolites?) and magmatic-volcanic arc complexes,
generally capped by deep water pelagic cherts and limestones. Late Cretaceous more common shallow marine,
localy with Orbitolina, rudists, etc., all sugesting tropical environments. Cretaceous sediemnts and volcanics
often unconformably overlain by Eocene)
Milsom, J., J.R. Ali & K.L. Queano (2006)- Peculiar geometry of northern Luzon, Philippines: implications for
regional tectonics of new gravity and paleomagnetic data. Tectonics 25, p. 1-14.
(N termination of Philippine archipelago remarkably abrupt. Paleomagnetic data constraints on
reconstructions and favor the possibility that in Paleogene the Central Cordillera and Sierra Madre were
combined as parts of arc at S margin of Philippine Sea. The Sicalao Ridge can be interpreted as rift margin
feature created during detachment of Luzon from continental Sundaland)
Milsom, J., J. Barretto, N. Aguda, D. Bringas, R. Ho & J. Aitchison (2009)- The gravity fields of Palawan and
New Caledonia: insights into the subsurface geometries of ophiolites. J. Geol. Soc., London, 166, p. 985-988.
(New gravity data from Palawan, W Philippines resembles New Caledonia. On both islands, ophiolites derived
from root zones just offshore, rest on basal surfaces that change abruptly in depth by up to 5 km. Geometries of
thrust sheets are as important to understanding emplacement histories as exposure patterns)
Milsom, J., R. Holt, D.B. Ayub & R. Smail (1997)- Gravity anomalies and deep structural controls at the SabahPalawan margin, South China Sea. In: A.J. Fraser et al. (eds.) Petroleum geology of Southeast Asia, Geol. Soc.,
Mitchell, A.G.H. & G.R. Balce (1990)- Geological features of some epithermal gold systems, Philippines. J.
Geochem. Expl. 35, p. 241-296.
(Philippines numerous epithermal gold deposits, mainly in Cenozoic and locally Cretaceous arc systems, built
on ophiolite and metamorphic basement rocks. Epithermal gold deposits mostly Pliocene, along axes of
volcanic arcs
Mitchell, A.H.G., F. Hernandez & A.P. de la Cruz (1986)- Cenozoic evolution of the Philippine archipelago. J.
SE Asian Earth Sci. 1, 1, p. 3-22.
Mitchell, A.G.H. & T.M. Leach (1991)- Epithermal gold in the Philippines: island arc metallogenesis,
geothermal systems and geology. Academic Press, London, 457p.
(Comprehensive account of Philippine gold deposits and geology)
Mitchell, A.G.H. & T.M. Leach (1991)- Outline of Philippine geology. In: Epithermal gold in the Philippines:
island arc metallogenesis, geothermal systems and geology, Academic Press, London, p 14-53.
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Mou, D.C. & D.F. Collins (1996)- Camago No. 1, a gas and condensate discovery along the deepwater Lower
Miocene reef trend, NW Palawan offshore, Philippines. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th CircumPacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 556-569.
(New deep water productive Miocene pinnacle reef trend off NW Palawan, outboard of the Nido- PandanMatinloc shelf margin. Wet gas column 655m)
Mrozowski, C.L., S.D. Lewis & D.E. Hayes (1982)- Complexities in the tectonic evolution of the West
Philippine Basin. Tectonophysics 82, p. 1-24.
(Oceanic W Philippine Basin three sub-basins with different tectonic histories. Magnetic anomalies 21(?)-17
in main basin and do do not extend into S or NW sub-basin. S sub-basin may have formed immediately before
a ridge jump to main basin spreading axis or may be younger than main basin. NW sub-basin originated as
part of main basin, but has undergone deformation which did not affect main basin, possibly related to
subduction along E Luzon margin in mid-Tertiary. Gagua Ridge is uplifted sliver of oceanic crust)
Muller, C., H. Jurgan & H. Porth (1989)- Paleogeographic outlines of the Visayan Basin. In: H. Porth & C.H.
von Daniels (eds.) On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines, Geol. Jahrbuch
B70, p. 303-315.
Muller, C., C.H. von Daniels, P. Cepek, F. Gramann et al. (1989)- Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental
studies in the Tertiary of the Visayan basin, Philippines. In: H. Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) On the geology
and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin, Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, p. 89-145.
Navarro, F.A., L.M. Ostrea, A.G. Lasam, J.P.M. Micu & E.C. Jacobsen (1992)- The Octon discovery. Proc.
South East Asia Petroleum Exploration Society (SEAPEX) 10 Conf., Singapore, p. 207-231.
Neuhaus, D., J. Borgomano, J.C. Jauffred, C. Mercadier et al. (2004)- Quantitative seismic reservoir
characterization of an Oligocene- Miocene carbonate build-up, Malampaya Field, Philippines. In: G. Eberli et
al. (eds.) Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems, AAPG Mem. 81p. 169-184.
Onoue, T, T. Nikaido, L.R. Zamoras & A. Matsuoka (2011)- Preservation of larval bivalve shells in a
radiolarian chert in the Late Triassic (Early Norian) interval of the Malampaya Sound Group, Calamian Island,
western Philippines. Marine Micropal. 79, p. 58-65.
(Silicified thin bivalve shells E Norian radiolarian chert of Malampaya Sound Gp, part of Late Jurassic- E
Cretaceous subduction-related accretionary complex in N Palawan Block. Deep-sea sediment that accumulated
in an open-ocean realm of Panthalassa Ocean)
Palmer, S.E. (1984)- Effect of water washing on C15+ hydrocarbon fraction of oils from NW Palawan. AAPG
Bull. 68, 2, p. 137-149.
Pautot, G. & C. Rangin (1989)- Subduction of the South China Sea axial ridge below Luzon (Philippines). Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 92, p. 57-69.
Payot, B.D., S. Arai, R.A. Tamayo & G.P. Yumul (2009)- What underlies the Philippine island arc? Clues from
the Calaton Hill, Tablas island, Romblon (Central Philippines). J. Asian Earth Sci. 36, p. 371-389.
(High-T metamorphic/plutonic complex in Calaton Hill, Tablas island representative of lower crust underlying
Philippine island arc)
Pena, R. (1996)- On recent interpretations on the ophiolites of Central Luzon and ophiolite associations in
northern Luzon. J. Geol. Soc. Philippines 51, p. 37-47.
Pena, R. (2009)- Lexicon of Philippine Stratigraphy 2008. GEOSEA 2009, Kuala Lumpur, Presentation, p.
Philippines Bureau of Mines (1976)- A review of exploration and stratigraphy of sedimentary basins of the
Philippines. UNECAFE, Techn. Bull. 10, p. 55-102.
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Philippine Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (1981)- Geology and mineral resources of the Philippines.
Philippine Bureau of Mines and Geosciences 1, 406 p.
Pinet N. (1993)- Repartition des mouvements dcrochants et chevauchants le long de la frontire NW de la
plaque mer des Philippines. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 316, p. 217-223.
Poblete, R.G. & A.A. Morado (1999)- The NW Sulu Sea Basin, Philippines: an attractive frontier basin for
petroleum exploration: Palawan 99, p.
Porth, H. & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) (1989)- On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin,
Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, 428p.
Porth, H., C. Muller & C.H. von Daniels (1989)- The sedimentary formations of the Visayan region. In: H.
Porth & C.H. von Daniels (eds.) (1989)- On the geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Visayan Basin,
Philippines. Geol. Jahrbuch B70, p. 29-87.
(Visayan basin Basement folded, low metamorphic Cretaceous volcanics and sediments, incl. Aptian-Albian
Orbitolina limestone. Overlain by rare M-L Eocene limestone, M Oligocene limestone and widespread Late
Oligocene-Recent sediments.. Three phases of uplift-erosion: E-M Miocene boundary, M-L Miocene boundary,
Late Pliocene)
Pratt, W.E. (1915)- Petroleum and residual bitumens in Leyte. Philippine J. Sci., A, 10, p. 241-279.
Pratt, W.E. (1915)- On the occurrence of petroleum in the provinces of Cebu. Philippine J. Sci., A, 10, p. 281287.
Pratt, W.E. (1915)- The persistance of Philippine coal beds. Philippine J. Sci., A, 10, p. 289-301.
Pratt, W.E. & W.D. Smith (1913)- The geology and petroleum resources of the southrn part of Bondoc
Peninsula, Tayabas Province, P.I.. Philippine J. Sci., A, 8, 5, p. 301-376.
Pubellier M., B. Deffontaines, R. Quebral & C. Rangin (1994)- Drainage network analysis and tectonics of
Mindanao, southern Philippines. Geomorphology 9, p. 325-342.
Pubellier M., R. Quebral, M. Aurelio & C. Rangin (1996)- Docking and post-docking escape tectonics in the
southern Philippines. In: R. Hall & D. Blundel (eds.) Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geol. Soc , London,
Spec. Publ. 106, p. 511-523.
(Philippine archipelago structure results from juxtaposition of volcanic belt against Eurasian margin fragments
and associated marginal basins, between Late Miocene- Present. Docking period characterized by
compression. Post-docking in N Mindanao represented by paired subduction zone and strike-slip fault)
Pubellier M., Quebral R.D., B. Deffontaines & C. Rangin (1993)- Neotectonic map of Mindanao Island
Philippines (1:800,000). Explanatory notes, 22 p.
Pubellier M., R. Quebral, C. Rangin, B. Deffontaines, C. Muller & J. Butterlin (1991)- The Mindanao collision
zone: a soft collision event within a continuous Neogene strike-slip setting. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 6, p.
239-248.
Queano, K.L. (2005)- Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Sigaboy Formation turbidites, on the Pujada
Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines: internal structures, composition, depositional elements and reservoir
characteristics. J. Asian Earth Sci. 25, p. 387-402.
(Turbidites of U Miocene- Lw Pliocene Sigaboy Fm on Pujada Peninsula, SE Mindanao, overlie ophiolite.
Channelized and unchannelized of submarine fan deposits, derived from Sangihe arc and its uplifted outer arc
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ridge (now Pujada Peninsula), following initial subduction of Snellius Plateau-Halmahera Arc in Mindanao
(latest M Miocene) and prior to initiation of Philippine Trench (<5 Ma). Porosity very low, rarely >5%.)
Queano, K., J. Ali, J. Aitchison, G. Yumul, M. Pubellier & C. Dimalanta (2008)- Geochemistry of Cretaceous
to Eocene ophiolitic rocks of the Central Cordillera: implications for Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic evolution of the
Northern Philippines. Int. Geol. Rev. 50, 4, p. 407-421.
(Central Cordillera in N Philippines underlain mainly by ophiolitic basement of Cretaceous- Eocene age with
supra-subduction signature and generated in back-arc setting. Relationships similar to Cretaceous- Eocene
Lepanto Metavolcanics and Pugo Fm, comprising ophiolitic basement in S portions of range, suggesting C
Cordillera floored by common volcanic basement)
Queano, K.L., J.R. Ali, J. Milsom, J.C. Aitchison & M. Pubellier (2007)- North Luzon and the Philippine Sea
plate motion model: insights following paleomagnetic, structural, and age-dating investigations. J. Geoph. Res.
112, B05101, p. 1-44.
(Paleomagnetic from N Luzon show combination of major plate and local rotations in CW and CCW directions.
Inclination data suggest N Luzon traveled as part of Philippine Sea Plate for most of Eocene-Pliocene history.
N Luzon is placed on W edge of Philippine Sea Plate, just W of where Benham Plateau formed at ~40 Ma.
Substantial N-ward migration since start of Neogene, with earlier interval stretching back to equatorial
latitudes in mid-E Cretaceous. Post-15 Ma motion of plate involved indentation of Palawan microcontinent into
W side of Philippine Archipelago)
Queano, K.L., J.R. Ali, M. Pubellier, G.P. Yumul & C.B. Dimalanta (2009)- Reconstructing the Mesozoic
early Cenozoic evolution of northern Philippines: clues from palaeomagnetic studies on the ophiolitic basement
of the Central Cordillera. Geoph. J. Int. 178, 3, p. 1317-1326.
(First palaeomagnetic data from Cretaceous Eocene ophiolitic basement (pillow basalts, diabase dykes) in C
Cordillera on N Luzon suggest ophiolitic rocks formed at subequatorial latitudes (6.3N 3.1), close to where
island was during E Cenozoic. These rocks could be relicts of proto-Philippine Sea Plate)
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(Evolution of E Mindanao from zone of active arc-arc collision to strike-slip environment. Diachronous
unconformity along Philippine Fault marking end of collision-related deformation reflects S-ward propagating
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Rangin C. & M. Pubellier (1990)- Subduction and accretion of oceanic fragments along the Eurasian margin:
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Rangin C., J.F. Stephan, R. Blanchet, D. Baladad et al. (1988)- Seabeam survey at the southern end of the
Manilla trench. Transition between subduction and collision processes, offshore Mindoro Island, Philippines.
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('Neogene volcanic arc collision in C Philippines: stratigraphy and structures of the Antique chain, Panay')
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into Mindoro Collision Zone, Philippines. Geology, 13, p. 425-428.
(Mindoro Island is between Manila Trench and collision zone of N Palawan block with W Philippines mobile
belt. M Oligocene ophiolites in suture part of terranes thrust above N Palawan block at E-M Miocene
boundary. Ophiolites interpreted as fragments of S China Sea oceanic crust between two continental blocks)
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Ranneft T.S.M., R.M.J. Hopkins, A.J. Froelich & J.W. Gwinn (1960)- Reconnaissance geology and oil
possibilities of Mindanao. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 4, p. 529-568.
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slip basins related to the Philippine fault system, northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonics 12, 1, p. 187-204.
Roberts, M. (1983)- Seismic example of complex faulting from NW shelf of Palawan. In A.W. Bally (ed.)
Seismic expression of structural styles, AAPG Studies in geology 15, 3, p. 4.2-18.
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orogenic belts, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 4, p. 491-500.
Sajona, F., H. Bellon, R.C. Maury, M. Pubellier, J. Cotton & C. Rangin (1994)- Magmatic response to abrupt
changes in geodynamic settings: Pliocene-Quaternary calc-alkaline and Nb-enriched lavas from Mindanao
(Philippines). Tectonophysics 237, p. 47-72.
Sajona, F.G., H. Bellon, R.C. Maury, M. Pubellier, R.D. Quebral, J. Cotton et al. (1997)- Tertiary and
Quaternary magmatism in Mindanao and Leyte (Philippines): geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic
setting. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, 2-3, p. 121-153.
(Several volcanic sectors in Leyte and Mindanao. Composition of Tertiary-Recent arc magmatism linked to
tectonic settings and used to refine reconstruction of tectonic history of Philippine archipelago. Identification of
adakites used to date timings of subduction initiations and arc polarity reversals)
Sajona, F.G. & R.C. Maury (1998)- Association of adakites with gold and copper mineralization in the
Philippines. Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci., IIA, 326, 1, p. 27-34.
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(Adakites are intermediate- acidic volcanic and plutonic rocks derived from partial melting of subducted
oceanic crust when subducting slab is young (< 20 Ma) and hot, at start and end of subduction. In Philippines
most of porphyry Cu and epithermal Au deposits related with these and related magmas (Nb-enriched basalts
and adakite-linked andesites). E Luzon arc is example of adakite-Cu-Au area underthrusted by young crust)
Sajona, F.G., R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, J. Cotton & M. Defant (1996)- High field strengh element enrichment of
Pliocene-Pleistocene island arc basalts, Zamboanga Peninsula, western Mindanao (Philippines). J. Petrol. 37, p.
693-726.
Sajona, F.G., R. Maury, H. Bellon, J. Cotten, M. Defant & M. Pubellier (1993)- Initiation of subduction and the
generation of slab melts in western and eastern Mindanao, Philippines. Geology 21, p. 1007-1010.
Sajona, F.G., R.C. Maury, M. Pubellier, J. Leterrier, H. Bellon & J. Cotton (2000)- Magmatic source
enrichment by slab-derived melts in a young post-collision setting, central Mindanao (Philippines). Lithos 54, p.
173-206.
(C Mindanao Pliocene (4-5 Ma) arc- arc collision event followed by basaltic to dacitic magmatism starting at
2.3 Ma. Lavas calc-alkaline to shoshonitic, including adakites and Nb-enriched basalts. Chemistry attributed
to interaction of slab-derived melts, i.e., adakites, with arc mantle)
Saldivar-Sali, A. et al. (1983)- Geology of offshore NW Palawan. Oil Gas J., Nov 30, 1983, p. 119-128.
Saldivar-Sali, A., N.L. Caagusan & R.S. Rieza (1981)- Paleogene petroleum possibilities in the Philippines.
Energy 6, 11, p. 1207-1224.
Saldivar-Sali, A., H.G. Oesterle & D.N. Brownlee (1981)- The geology of offshore Northwest Palawan,
Philippines. Proc.. 2nd Asian Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) Conf. Exhib., Manila 1999, p. 99-123.
Saldivar-Sali, A., J. Suppe & R.E. Bischke (1996)- A Middle Miocene reconstruction of the Philippines and its
consequences concerning petroleum exploration. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific
Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p. 617-625.
Sales, A.O., E.C. Jacobsen, A.A. Morado Jr, J.J. Benavidez, F.A. Navarro & A.E. Lim (1997)- The petroleum
potential of deepwater northwest Palawan block GSEC 66. J. Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 217-240.
Sarewitz D. & D.E. Karig (1986)- Processes of allochthonous terranes evolution in Mindoro Island, Philippines.
Tectonics 5, 4, p. 525-552.
Sarewitz, D. R. & D.E. Karig (1986)- Geologic evolution of western Mindoro Island and the Mindoro suture
zone, Philippines. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 1, p. 117-141.
(Two tectonostratigraphic terranes on Mindoro Island: N Palawan and Mindoro blocks, separated by steeplydipping Mindoro Suture Zone. N Palawan block is continental fragment rifted off Eurasia when S China Basin
opened in mid Tertiary, with evidence of crustal stretching starting in Late Eocene or earlier. Large volumes of
basalt extruded in mid Oligocene. Mindoro block with pre-upper Cretaceous Mindoro Metamorphic basement.
Mindoro Suture Zone active in Late Paleogene- E Neogene. Numerous large bodies of serpentinized ultramafic
rock along suture. Interpreted as strike-slip boundary, juxtaposing Mindoro and N Palawan blocks in M-Late
Miocene. Subsequent latest Miocene and younger west-vergent thrust faulting between Mindoro Suture Zone
and Manila Trench)
Sarewitz D.R. & S.D. Lewis (1991)- The Marinduque intra-arc basin, Philippines: Basin genesis and in situ
ophiolite development in a strike-slip setting. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 103, 5, p. 597-614.
(Marinduque marine intra-arc basin in N-C Philippine volcanic arc system. Rhombic in shape, with long axis
trending N-NW, with ENE trending volcanic ridge dividing it into two depocenters. Magnetic anomalies
parallel to central volcanic ridge indicate it formed by extension in N-S direction by process analogous to seafloor spreading. Marinduque basin is composite pull-apart basin whose floor is in part composed of oceanic-
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type crust. Evolution of central volcanic ridge presents actualistic model for development and emplacement of
ophiolites in island-arc setting. Overall history of Marinduque basin suggests strike-slip processes may play
important role in origin of intra-arc basins)
Sato, T. (1964)- Les ammonites oxfordiennes de l'ile de Mindoro. Japan J. Geol. Geogr. 32, 1, p. 141-143.
('The Oxfordian ammonites of Mindoro Island')
Schweller, W.J. & D.E. Karig (1982)- Emplacement of the Zambales Ophiolite into the West Luzon margin. In:
Studies in continental margin geology, AAPG Mem. 34, p. 441- 454.
(Zambales Ophiolite >10 km thick igneous sequence, formed in Late Eocene. It is a large fragment of oceanic
crust, uplifted several km without being obducted onto continental margin. 120m of Late Eocene- Oligocene
pelagic limestone on ophiolite changes to ophiolite- derived clastics in E Miocene.
Schweller, W.J., D.E. Karig & S.B. Bachman (1983)- Original setting and emplacement history of the Zambales
Ophiolite, Luzon, Philippines, from stratigraphic evidence. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic and geologic
evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands- II. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 27, p. 124-138.
(Oldest sediments above Zambales ophiolite Upper Eocene pelagic limestone. M-Late Oligocene increasing
dilution of limestone pelagic limestone with volcanoclastic turbidites. Thick Lower Miocene sandstone changes
from volcanoclastic to ophiolitic composition over few Myrs, indicating rapid ophiolite uplift)
Schweller, W.J., P.H. Roth, D.E. Karig & S.B. Bachman (1984)- Sedimentation history and biostratigraphy of
ophiolite-related Tertiary sediments, Luzon, Philippines. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 95, 1, p. 1333-1342.
Seno, T. & S. Maruyama (1984)- Paleogeographic reconstruction and the origin of the Philippine Sea.
(Philippine Sea formed by two episodes of back-arc spreading, each resulting from seaward retreat of trench)
Shuto, T.(1971)- Neogene bivalves from Panay Island, the Philippines. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ. D, XXI,
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Sibuet, J.C. & S.K. Hsu (1997)- Geodynamics of the Taiwan arc-arc collision. Tectonophysics 274, p. 221-251.
(Luzon arc entered into collision with subduction zone in Late Miocene. With Miocene- Recent plate
reconstructions greater South China Sea area)
Sibuet, J.C. & S.K. Hsu (2004)- How was Taiwan created? Tectonophysics 379, p. 159-181.
Sillitoe, R.H. & I.M. Gappe (1984)- Philippine porphyry copper deposits: geologic setting and characteristics.
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Philippines J. Sci, A, 8,4, p. 235-300.
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19, p. 1-529.
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epithermal gold deposit, Eastern Mindanao, Philippines. Lithos 127, p. 564-580.
(Mindanao island in S Philippines comprises suture zone between Eurasian and Philippine plates (Philippine
Mobile Belt). E Mindanao Philippine Mobile Belt outcrops mainly Eocene -Pliocene arc volcanics and
sediments. Co-O epithermal Au deposit hosted in Oligocene volcanic series)
Sta. Ana, M.C.V. (2006)- Characterization of Miocene-Pliocene carbonate platforms, Southern Southwest
Palawan Basin, Philippines. M.Sc. Thesis University of Texas, 59 p.
(online at http://txspace.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1796/STA.-ANA-THESIS.pdf)
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(Seismic examples of Middle-Late Miocene carbonate buildups)

Stephan, J.F., R. Blanchet, C, Rangin, B. Pelletier, J. Letouzey & C. Mller (1986)- Geodynamic evolution of
the Taiwan-Luzon-Mindoro belt since the Late Eocene. Tectonophysics 125, p. 245-268.
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Mindanao, Philippines; implication to metallogenesis of porphyry copper-gold deposits. Resource Geol. 59, 3,
p. 244-262.
Suerte, L.O., G.P. Yumul, R.A. Tamayo, C.B. Dimalanta, M.F. Zhou, R.C. Maury, M. Polve & C. L. Balce
(2005)- Geology, geochemistry and U-Pb SHRIMP age of the Tacloban Ophiolite Complex, Leyte Island
(Central Philippines): implications for the existence and extent of the Proto-Philippine Sea Plate. Resource
Geol. 55, 3, p. 207-216.
(Age and origin of oceanic basement of C Philippines ophiolitic massifs debated. Tacloban Ophiolite Complex
NW-SE trending massif in NE Leyte Island, unconformably overlain by Late Miocene-Pliocene sediments and
Pleistocene volcaniclastics. Ophiolite subduction-related origin. U-Pb dating of zircons from gabbro yielded
Early Cretaceous magmatic age, older than previously reported K-Ar derived Eocene age. Early Cretaceous
age limits possible progenitor of ophiolite to proto-Philippine Sea Plate)
Suzuki, S., D. Asiedu, S. Takemura, G.P. Yumul. & S.D. David (2001)- Composition of sandstones from the
Cretaceous to Eocene successions in Central Palawan, Philippines. J. Geol. Soc. Phil. 56, p. 31-42.
Suzuki S., S. Takemura, G.P. Yumul, D.D. Sevillo & D.K. Asiedu (2000)- Composition and provenance of the
Upper Cretaceous to Eocene sandstones in Central Palawan, Philippines: constraints on the tectonic
development of Palawan. The Island Arc 9, p. 611-626.
(U Cretaceous- Eocene turbiditic sandstones from C Palawan common quartz, acidic volcanics, K-feldspar and
granitic rock fragments. Derived from continental source region, probably continental margin of S China)
Tamayo R.A., P.Y. Graciano, R.C. Maury, H. Bellon, J. Cotten, M. Polve T. Juteau & C. Querubin (2000)Complex origin for the south-western Zamboanga metamorphic basement complex, western Mindanao,
Philippines. The Island Arc 9, p. 638-652.
(N portion of SW Zamboanga metamorphic basement complex, W Mindanao, amphibolites with relict textures
inherited from cumulate gabbro protoliths and with magmatic arc-related signature. Unconformably overlain
by metasedimentary quartz-muscovite-feldspar-kyanite schist of continental basement origin. Metamorphism at
T 550C - 700C and P of 5-9 kbar. K-Ar age of metamorphic event 24.6, 22.2 and 21.2 1.2 Ma. Results in
agreement with plate tectonic models describing SW Zamboanga metamorphic basement as continental terrane
with slivers of magmatic arc crust)
Tamayo R.A., R.C. Maury, G.P. Yumul, M. Polve, J. Cotten, C.B. Dimalanta & F.O. Olaguera (2004)Subduction-related magmatic imprint of most Philippine ophiolites: implications on the early geodynamic
evolution of the Philippine archipelago. Bull. Soc. Gol. France 175, 5, p. 443-460.
(Basement complexes of Philippines at least 20 ophiolitic complexes, with volcanic sequences similar to MORB,
transitional MORB-island arc tholeiites and arc volcanic rocks originating from modern Pacific-type oceans,
back-arc basins and island arcs. Most volcanic sequences in Philippine ophiolites formed in subduction
settings. Associated gabbros and peridotites tie to supra-subduction zone environments. Early geodynamic
evolution of Philippines dominated by opening and closing of oceanic basins, providing substratum of
Cretaceous -Recent volcanic arcs)
Tamesis, E.V. (1981)- Hydrocarbon potential of Philippine basins. Energy 6, 11, p. 1181-1206.
Tamesis, E. V., R.A. Lorentz, R.V. Pascual & E. M. Dizon (1982)- Stratigraphy and geologic structures of the
Central Valley Basin, Luzon, Philippines. In: Geology and Tectonics of the Luzon-Marianas Region, Proc.
CCOP-IOC-SEATAR Workshop, Philippines 1981, Manila, p. 83- 118.
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Tamesis, E.V., E.V. Manalac, C.A. Reyes & L.M. Ote (1973)- Late Tertiary geological history of the
continental shelf off northwestern Palawan, Philippines. In: Proc. Regional Conf. Geology of Southeast Asia,
Teodosio, N.R. (1987)- An overview of coal deposits in the Philippines. ESCAP Series on Coal. 5, p. 142-150.
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United Nations Development Program (1987)- Geology and mineralization in the Baguio area, Northern Luzon.
UNDP Tech. Rept. 5, p. 1-82.
Villavicencio, M.L. & P.P. Andal (1964)- Distichoplax biserialis Dietrich in the Philippines. Philippine
Geologist 18, 4, p. 103-113.
(Paleocene- Lower(?) Eocene (Ta) index fossil Distichoplax biserialis (Dietrich) recognized in Philippines for
the first time. Abundant in organic limestones)
Walia, M., U. Knittel, S. Suzuki, S.L. Chung, R.E. Pena & T.F. Yang (2012)- No Paleozoic metamorphics in
Palawan (the Philippines)? Evidence from single grain U-Pb dating of detrital zircons. J. Asian Earth Sci. 52, p.
134-145.
(Palawan Continental Terrane is fragment of margin of SE China that drifted S as result of Cenozoic opening of
S China Sea. Presence of non-metamorphic Permian and Triassic sediments in N of island, suggested Paleozoic
age for metamorphics. Detrital zircons as young as 80-98 Ma present in all metamorphic units, suggesting Late
Cretaceous or younger age and Caramay Schist is not basement for rest of units in C Palawan. Zircon ages two
major peaks, at 115 Ma and 1.8 Ga. Source of zircons N part of Cathaysia Block, S China)
Walston, V.A. & H. Oesterle (1992)- Geology of the West Linacapan 'A' Field, Offshore Palawan, Philippines.
Proc. 9th SEAPEX Offshore SE Asia Conf., Singapore 1992, p. 67-74.
(Field off N tip Palawan large wrench fault-related anticline. Hydrocarbons in Lower Miocene deep water
sands and limestones. Recoverable reseves ~100 MBO)
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(Comparison of two Tertiary gas-bearing carbonate buildups formed in similar depositional environments and
ages: E11 in Luconia, off N Borneo and Malampaya, off Philippines. Diagenetic histories different: (1) E11
secondary porosity formed by dolomitization and late leaching; (2 ) Malampaya by exposure and burial-related
leachin . Low-porosity zones in Malampaya result of meteoric diagenesis during exposure and late cementation,
in E11 nonleached, deeper-water argillaceous wackestones. Early diagenetic alterations follow depositional
trends; diagenetic overprints in burial realm may be guided by faults)
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(On the paleobiogeographic significance of caprinid rudists from the Lower Cretaceous of Cebu, Philippines.
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Palawan Block, Philippines. Micropaleontology 42, 2, p. 93-124.
(Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) Tethyan radiolarians from Liminangcong red chert in Palawan olistostrome, N
Palawan Block)
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evolution. Island Arc 16, 2, p. 306-317.
(Ophiolites in Philippines younging W-ward, resulting from CW rotation of Philippine arc system during NWward translation in Eocene, resulting in W boundary collision with Sundaland-Eurasian margin, causing
accretion of ophiolites/ melanges along W side. New zonation with four belts: (1) Late Cretaceous ophiolite
complexes/ metamorphic soles along E Philippines; (2) Cretaceous dismembered ultramafic-mafic complexes/
melanges exposed W of E Philippines; (3) Cretaceous- Eocene to Oligocene ophiolites, emplaced between
Philippine Mobile Belt and Sundaland-Eurasian margin; (4) ophiolite complexes emplaced along continental
margins (Palawan and ZamboangaSulu). Whole Philippine Mobile Belt, except strike-slip fault bounded Luzon
Eocene Zambales ophiolite complex, may be underlain by Cretaceous proto-Philippine Sea Plate fragments)
Yumul, G.P., J.V. De Jesus & F.A. Jimenez (2001)- Collision boundaries along the Western Philippine
Archipelago. Gondwana Res. 4, p. 837-838.
Yumul, G.P. & C.B. Dimalanta (1997)- Geology of the southern Zambales ophiolite complex (Philippines):
juxtaposed terranes of diverse origin. J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci. 15, p. 413-421.
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, D.V. Faustino & J.V. De Jesus (1998)- Translation and docking of an arc terrane:
geological and geochemical evidence from the southern Zambales Ophiolite Complex, Philippines.
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Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, V.B. Maglambayan & E.J. Marquez (2008)- Tectonic setting of a composite
terrane: a review of the Philippine island arc system. Geosciences J. 12, p. 7-17.
(online at: www.geosciences-journal.org/home/journal )
(Modern review of Philippines tectonic evolution, as result of interplay of arc magmatism, ophiolite accretion,
ocean basin closure and other tectonic processes, related to interaction of four major plates: Sundaland,
Philippine Mobile Belt, Philippine Sea and Indo-Australian plate)
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, E.J. Marquez & K.L. Queano (2009)- Onland signatures of the Palawan
microcontinental block and Philippine mobile belt collision and crustal growth process: a review. J. Asian Earth
Sci. 34, 5, p. 610-623.
(Collision of Palawan microcontinent with Philippine mobile belt multiple events with several fragments. Late
Early-early M Miocene age (20-16 Ma) for major collision between Palawan indenter and Philippine mobile
belt. Collision boundary from N Mindoro through central mountain range swinging E of Sibuyan Island, along
Buruanga Peninsula and E side of Antique Ophiolite Complex before connecting with Negros Trench)
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta & R.A. Tamayo (2008)- Indenter-tectonics in the Philippines: example from the
Palawan microcontinental block - Philippine Mobile Belt Collision. Resource Geol. 55, 3, p. 189-198.
(Aseismic Palawan microcontinental block collided with Philippine Mobile Belt since Early Miocene.
Consequently, tectonic microblocks N (Luzon) and S (W Visayas Block) of collision front rotated in opposite
senses. Rotation converted adjacent strike-slip faults to subduction zones, the Manila and Negros Trenches)
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & J.A.L. Barretto (2008)- Contrasting morphological trends of
islands in Central Philippines: speculation on their origin. Island Arc 9, 4, p. 627-637.
(Palawan microcontinental block collided with Philippine Mobile Belt, resulting in CCW rotation of MindoroMarinduque and CW rotation of Panay. Collision also caused CW rotation of NE Negros, Cebu, NW Masbate
and Bohol (W Visayan block), resulting into present-day NE-SW trend. SE Sulu Sea sub-basin is inferred to
have undergone CW rotation which can account for E-W magnetic lineations. Paleomagnetic data suggest
collision-related rotation commenced during the Early to Middle Miocene and had ceased by Late Miocene)
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & H. Bellon (2003)- Silicic arc volcanism in Central Luzon,
Philippines: characterization of its space, time and geochemical relationship. The Island Arc 12, 2, p. 207-218.
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & R.C. Maury (2003)- Collision, subduction and accretion events
in the Philippines: a synthesis. The Island Arc 12, p. 77-91.
(Baguio District in N Luzon, Palawan-Central Philippine region and Mati-Pujada area in SE Mindanao
resulted from events related to subduction polarity reversal leading to trench initiation, continent-arc collision
and autochthonous oceanic lithosphere emplacement. Baguio District E Miocene trench initiation for E-dipping
Manila Trench after Late Oligocene cessation of subduction alongW-dipping proto-East Luzon Trough. Manila
Trench initiation attributed to collision of Palawan microcontinental block with Philippine Mobile Belt. Several
collision-related accretionary complexes in Palawan- C Philippine region)
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, R.A. Tamayo & R.C. Maury, R.C. Bellon et al. (2004)- Geology of the
Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines: an enigmatic South China continental fragment? In: J. Malpas et
al. (eds.) Aspects of the tectonic evolution of China, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 226, p. 289-312.
Yumul, G.P., C.B. Dimalanta, T.A. Tam & E.G.L. Ramos (2008)- Baguio Mineral District: an oceanic arc
witness to the geological evolution of northern Luzon, Philippines. Island Arc 17, p. 432-442.
(Baguio Mineral District rocks evidence evolution from subduction-related marginal basin to island arc setting.
E- M Miocene arc polarity reversal fromE (termination of subduction along proto-E Luzon Trough) to W
(initiation of subduction along Manila Trench))
Yumul, G.P., F.T. Jumawan & C.B. Dimalanta (2009)- Geology, geochemistry and chromite mineralization
potential of the Amnay ophiolitic complex, Mindoro, Philippines. Resource Geol. 59, 3, p.263-281.
118
July 2012
(Amnay Ophiolitic Complex in Mindoro,is emplaced Cenozoic South China Sea oceanic lithosphere as result of
collision between Palawan microcontinental block and Philippine mobile belt. M Oligocene sediments
intercalated with MORB-like pillow lavas suggest generation of ophiolite complex in spreading ridge in backarc basin setting. Volcanic rock geochemistry suggests supra-subduction zone ophiolite)
Zamoras, L.R., M. Grace, A. Montes, K.L. Queano, E.J. Marquez, C.B. Dimalanta, J.A.S. Gabo & G.P. Yumul
(2008)- Buruanga Peninsula and Antique Range: two contrasting terranes in Northwest Panay, Philippines,
featuring an arc-continent collision zone. Island Arc 17,4, p. 443-457.
(Buruanga peninsula Jurassic pelagics part of ocean plate stratigraphy of N Palawan terrane. Differ from
Antique Range M Miocene basaltic to andesitic pyroclastic and lava flow deposits with reefal limestone and
arkosic sandstone of Philippine Mobile Belt)
Zamoras, L.R. & A. Matsuoka (2001)- Malampaya Sound Group: a Jurassic-Early Cretaceous accretionary
complex in Busuanga Island, North Palawan Block (Philippines). J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 107, p. 316-336.
(online at: http://dspace.lib.niigata-u.ac.jp:8080/dspace/bitstream/10191/6268/1/10_0010.pdf)
(Busuanga Island accretionary complex, collectively called Malampaya Sound Gp, composed of M PermianJurassic chert, M Jurassic- E Cretaceous clastics and various-age limestones, with minor melange bodies.
Rocks are off scraped sedimentary deposits from subducted oceanic plate, imbricated during Jurassic- E
Cretaceous accretion. Transition from chert to siliceous mudstone to terrigenous elastics indicates change from
open ocean to subduction zone sedimentation, and is younging to N)
Zamoras, L.R. & A. Matsuoka (2004)- Accretion and post-accretion tectonics of the Calamian Islands, North
Palawan Block (Philippines). Island Arc 13, p. 506-519.
(Accretionary complex of N Palawan block U Paleozoic-Mesozoic sequences of chert (Liminangcong Fm),
clastics (Guinlo Fm) and limestones. Three accretionary belts: North (M Jurassic), Middle (Late Jurassic) and
S Busuanga (E Cretaceous). Limestone blocks formed over seamounts became juxtaposed with chert-clastic
sequence. Mid-Oligocene seafloor spreading disconnected N Palawan block from Asian mainland. Collision
between N Palawan block and Philippine Island Arc in M Miocene generated megafold structure in Calamian
Islands as result of CW turn of accretionary belts in eastern Calamian from NE-SW to NW-SE)
119
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IX.6. South Philippines (Celebes Sea, Sulu Sea, Sandakan)

Abando, R.P. & G.H. Ansay (2002)- Sulu Sea- East Palawan Basins: frontier basin case study. Coord. Comm.
Geosc. Programs in East and SE Asia, 15p.
(at: http://www.ccop.or.th/projects/PPM/Case_Study_Phillipines_files/SuluSeaBasin.pdf)
Beddoes, L.R. (1976)- The Balabac Sub-Basin, Southwestern Sulu Sea, Philippines. SEAPEX Offshore South
East Asia Conf., Singapore 1976, 15, p. 1-22.
(Balabac sub-basin rel. Small wrench-faulted M. Miocene- E Pliocene depression in SW Sulu Sea. Underlain by
E Miocene deep-water shale, acting as acoustic basement. Overlain by Late Pliocene- Recent shallow water
carbonates)
Beiersdorf, H. (1993)- Tectonic and sedimentary processes at the submarine Antique Ridge and the accretionary
wedge of Negros (Sulu Sea, Philippines): results of an underwater television and photographic survey by R/V
Sonne. The Island Arc 3, p. 116-125.
Beiersdorf, H., W. Bach, G. Delisle, E. Faber, P. Gerling, K. Hinz et al. (1997)- Age and possible modes of
formation of the Celebes Sea basement, and thermal regimes within the accretionary complexes off SW
Mindanao and N Sulawesi. In: P. Dheeradilok et al. (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of
SE Asia and the SW Pacific, IGCP 359 and IGCP 383, Bangkok, p. 369-387.
(Floor of E Celebes Sea generated by seafloor spreading. Crustal age of 43 Ma at ODP Sites 767 and 770
allows to place chron 20 along latitude 5 30' N. Celebes Sea crust moved over hot spot along E-W path which
was still active around 40 Ma as age of basalt from hot-spot trace, i.e. seamount chain near latitude 3N. New
anomaly pattern places central seafloor spreading anomaly at 4N, created possibly at 39 Ma (chron 18).
Positive magnetic anomalies N and S of chron 20 identified as chron 21 and provide highest age of E Celebes
Sea crust (~48 Ma), and spreading rate of 4 cm/yr. Central seafloor anomaly obscured by NW-trending wrench
fault)
Bell, R.M. & R.G.C Jessop (1974)- Exploration and geology of the west Sulu Sea, Philippines. Austral. Petrol.
Expl. Assoc. (APEA) Journal 14, p. 21-28.
Bellon, H. & C. Rangin (1991)- Geochemistry and isotopic dating of Cenozoic volcanic arc sequences around
the Celebes and Sulu Seas. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 321-338
(K-Ar ages >50 igneous rocks from onshore Philippines, Sabah and N Sulawesi. Onshore ages 32- near 0 Ma.
Two types of island arcs differentiated: those related to progressive closing of Celebes and Sulu marginal
basins and those belonging to Philippine Sea Plate)
Berner, U. & P. Bertrand (1991)- Light hydrocarbons in sediments of the Sulu Sea basin (Site 768); genetic
characterization by molecular and stable isotope composition. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p.
227-231.
Bertrand, P., U. Berner & E. Lallier-Verges (1991)- Organic sedimentation in Celebes and Sulu basins: type of
organic matter and evaluation of organic carbon accumulation rates. Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr. 124, Sci. Res.
p. 217-225.
Betzler, C., A.J. Nederbragt & G.J. Nichols (1991)- Significance of turbidites at Site 767 (Celebes Sea) and Site
768 (Sulu Sea). In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.), Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 431-446.
(Mio-Pliocene turbidites deposition in Celebes- Sulu Sulu Seas tied to eustatic and tectonic events. Three
different types of source of clastic detritus in Celebes Sea Site 767. First stage dominated by mature quartz and
quartz-lithic clasts with abundant plant debris, probably reworked from shallowmarine/continental
environment with abundant vegetation. Change in source area indicated by paucity of quartz in upper stages of
system B and relative abundance of chert and other rock fragments. Third clastic source from volcanic terrain)
120
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Burton, C.K. (1986)- Geological evolution of the Southern Philippines. In: G.H. Teh & S. Paramananthan (eds.)
Proc. GEOSEA V Conf., Kuala Lumpur 1984, 1, Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull. 19, p. 87-102.
Castillo, P.R.. R.U. Solidum & R.S. Punongbayan (2002)- Origin of high field strength element enrichment in
the Sulu Arc, Southern Philippines, revisited. Geology 30, p. 707-710.
(HFSE enrichment in Sulu Arc lavas unlikely sourced from subducted Sulu Sea basaltic crust, but from melting
of a geochemically enriched component in mantle wedge)
Desprairies, A., M. Riviere & M. Pubellier (1991)- Diagenetic evolution of Neogene volcanic ashes (Celebes
and Sulu Seas). In: E.A.Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 124, p. 489-503.
Durkee, E.F. (1993)- Oil, geology and changing concepts in the southwest Philippines (Palawan and the Sulu
Sea). In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symp. Tectonic framework and energy resources of the Western margin of the
Pacific Basin, 1992, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Spec. Publ. 33, p. 241-262.
(Review of oil-gas potential in S Philippines. Palawan shelf Oligocene- E Miocene reef play with proven
discoveries in NW. Sulu Sea basins Balabac, Bancauan and Sandakan in SE poorly explored)
Fitch, F.H. (1963)- Geological relationship between the Philippines and Borneo. Philippine Geologist 17, 2, p.
41-47. (
(Two major geosynclines from Cretaceous to mid-Tertiary: (1) NW Borneo geosyncline, probably extending
NE-ward between Palawan island and Sulu deep rather than in Panay or Negritos; (2) Philippine geosyncline,
probably extending SE in E Kalimantan)
Fontaine, H., A.A. Amiscaray & J.R. Sta. Cruz (1987)- Note on the Cuyo Archipelago, Sulu Sea, Philippines.
Proc. 22nd Sess. Comm. Co-ord. Joint Prosp. Min. Res. Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP), Guangzhou 1985, 2, p.
333-339.
(Cuyo Archipelago in N part Sulu Sea formed by Pre-Tertiary metamorphosed limestones and radiolarite,
intruded by M Miocene (15 Ma) diorite. Locally overlain by Quaternary basalts)
Graves, J.E. & D.A. Swauger (1997)- Petroleum systems of the Sandakan Basin, Philippines. In: J.V.C. Howes
& R.A. Noble (eds.) Proc. Int. Conf. Petroleum Systems SE Asia & Australia, Jakarta 1997, Indon. Petrol.
Assoc. p. 799-813.
(Geochemical analyses reveal mid-Miocene mixed oil-gas prone marginal marine mudstones. Distribution of
hydrocarbon indicators on seismic suggests marginal marine source, along with migration-bounding listric
normal faults, limit significant hydrocarbon entrapment to distal delta complex. Extensive Miocene uplift,
erosion, and redistribution of Eocene-Oligocene Crocker Fm siliciclastics account for most of Sandakan Basin
fill. Stacked 5-30 m thick sandstone reservoirs, with expected 20-25% porosity and 200-500 mD perm at target
depths. Structures include normal faults, shale diapirs and ridges, and distal toe-of-slope compressional folds
and thrusts, all probably formed in response to rapid sedimentation rates (1m/1000 yr)).
Hinz, K., M. Block, H.R. Kudrass & H. Meyer (1991)- Structural elements of the Sulu Sea, Philippines. Geol.
Jahrbuch A 127, p. 483-506.
Hsu, V., H. Shibuya & D.L. Merrill (1991)- Paleomagnetic study of deep-sea sediments from the Cagayan
Ridge in the Sulu Sea: results of Leg 124. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program,
Sci. Res. 124, p. 511-516.
(Sulu Sea Cagayan Ridge is volcanic arc that became inactive around 18 Ma. Soft sediment cover shows no
noticeable rotation/ migration in paleomag data for last 9 My, suggesting spreading of Sulu Sea backarc basin
did not cause rotation. Nearby Philippine Islands and Celebes Sea did have CCW rotation in their history)
Huang, Z., F.M. Gradstein & K.E. Louden (1991)- Subsidence and sedimentation analysis of marginal basins:
Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea, Leg 124, Sites 767 and 768. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean
Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 399-408.
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(Celebes Sea Site 767: Basalts from normal MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt),overlain by M Eocene oceanic
reddish brown claystones. Sulu Sea Site 768: Intra-arc or back arc E Miocene age basalt transitional between
MORB and island-arc tholeites, overlain by thin E Miocene oceanic brown/red claystone, then ~200m of
pumice-rich marine tuffs, overlain by ~800m M Miocene- Recent pelagic sediments)
Hutchison, C.S. (1992)- The Southeast Sulu Sea, a Neogene marginal basin with outcropping extensions in
Sabah. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 32, p. 89-108.
Hutchison, C.S. (ed.), R. Sukamto, A.P. Madrid & C.S. Hutchison et al. (1995)- Studies in East Asian tectonics
and resources (SEATAR), Crustal transect VIII, South China-Sulu-Sulawesi-Maluku-Philippine seas. Geol.
Res. Dev. Centre, Bandung, Spec. Publ. 20, p. 1-45.
Jaffe, L.A., D.R. Hilton, T.P. Fischer & U. Hartono (2004)- Tracing magma sources in an arc-arc collision
zone: Helium and carbon isotope and relative abundance systematics of the Sangihe Arc, Indonesia. Geochem.,
Geoph. Geosyst., AGU, 5, 4, 17 p.
Jezek, P.A., D.J. Whitford & J.B. Gill (1981)- Geochemistry of recent lavas from the Sangihe-Sulawesi arc,
Indonesia. In: A.J. Barber & S. Wiryosujono (eds.) Geology and tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev.
Centre, Spec. Publ. 2, p. 383-389.
John, T.U. (1963)- Geology and mineral deposits of East- Central Balabac island, Palawan Province,
Philippines. Economic Geol. 58, 1, p. 107-130.
(Balabac, SW-most island of Philippines, comprises Upper Cretaceous- Lower Eocene chert-spilite formation,
highly deformed with serpentinite masses, and Miocene Balabac sandstone. Structural trends similar to nearby
N Borneo Kudat Peninsula. Lorraine pyrite-chalcopyrite ore body in bedded cherts near Espina Point)
Kaminski, M.A. & Z. Huang (1991)- Biostratigraphy of Eocene to Oligocene deep water agglutinated
foraminifers in the red clays from Site 767, Celebes Sea. Proc. Ocean Drill. Progr., Sci. Res. 124, p. 171-180.
(Deep water Eocene-Oligocene agglutinated benthic foraminifera in Celebes Sea ODP site 767 cores similar to
assemblages in Carpathians and Atlantic Ocean. Basal assemblage probably Early Eocene age, suggesting
underlying oceanic crust Early Eocene age or older)
Koaler, F.C., D. Almogela, P. Estupigan, N.F. Exon, M. Hartmann, P.J. Muller & M.J. Whiticar (1979)- The
Sulu Sea Basin: R.V. Valdivia cruise report and preliminary results. CCOP Newsl. 6, 1, p. 43-52.
Kopp, C., E.R. Flueh & S. Neben (1999)- Rupture and accretion of the Celebes Sea crust related to the NorthSulawesi subduction: combined interpretation of reflection and refraction seismic measurements. J. Geodyn. 27,
p. 309-325.
(New seismic suggests N Sulawesi accretionary wedge entirely sedimentary. Celebes Sea typical oceanic crust,
but thickens from 7 to 12 km below accretionary wedge)
Krause, D.C. (1966)- Tectonics, marine geology, and bathymetry of the Celebes Sea- Sulu Sea region. Geol.
Soc. Am. Bull. 77, p. 813-818.
(Rel. dated paleobathymetry maps Celebes Sea and surrounding seas)
Ku, Y.P. C.H. Chen, S.R. Song, Y. Iizuka & J.S. Shen (2009)- Late Quaternary explosive volcanic activities of
the Mindanao-Molucca Sea collision zone in the Western Pacific as inferred from marine tephrostratigraphy in
the Celebes Sea. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 20, 4, p. 587-605.
(Long piston core from E Celebes Sea basin provides high resolution 350 kyr marine tephrostratigraphy: 65
tephra layers, probably from volcanoes in Mindanao-Molucca Sea collision zone (S Philippine, Sangehi and
Halmahera Arcs). Declining trend of explosive volcanism after ~180 ka, Late M Pleistocene. Shoshonitic
volcanism in C Mindanao became extinct at ~151 ka, much younger than reported)
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Kudrass H.R., P. Muller, H. Kreuzer & W. Weiss (1990)- Volcanic rocks and Tertiary carbonates dredged from
the Cagayan Ridge and the Southwest Sulu Sea, Philippines. In: Proc. ODP, Init. Repts. 124, p. 93-100.
Kudrass H.R., M. Wiedicke, P. Cepek, H. Kreuzer & P. Muller (1986)- Mesozoic and Cainozoic rocks dredged
from the South China Sea (Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic
reconstructions. Marine Petrol. Geol. 3, 1, p. 19-30.
(Dredging and coring in S China Sea and Sulu Sea. Late Triassic deltaic sandstones with plant remains are
oldest sediments recovered. Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous metamorphism indicated by schists on NW flanks
Reed Bank. These rocks, with gabbro, diorite, dacite, rhyolite and siliceous shale prove Dangerous Grounds
and Reed Bank underlain by continental fragment. During seafloor spreading in S China Sea Late Oligocene- E
Miocene carbonate platform developed on this SW-drifting continental fragment, which subsided in M Miocene.
M Miocene andesite and E-M Miocene reefal carbonates recovered from Cagayan Ridge in Sulu Sea)
Lallemand, S.E., M. Popoff, J.P. Cadet, A.G. Bader, M. Pubellier, C. Rangin & B. Deffontaines (1998)- Genetic
relations between the central and southern Philippine Trench and the Sangihe Trench. J. Geophys. Res. 103, B1,
p. 933-950.
Lewis, S.D. (1991)- Geophysical setting of the Sulu and Celebes Seas. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean
Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 65-73.
(Celebes Sea oceanic basement mainly Middle Eocene age; Sulu Sea younger, late E to early M Miocene)
Mascle, A. & P.A. Biscarrat (1978)- The Sulu Sea: a marginal basin in Southeast Asia. In J. S. Watkins, L.
Montadert & P.W. Dickerson (eds.) Geological and geophysical investigations of the continental margins. Am.
Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Mem. 29, p. 373-381.
(Sulu Sea marginal sea with two basin types: (1) Outer Sulu Sea basin, formed inside old Palawan island arc ;
(2) Inner Sulu Sea basin with oceanic crust. It is fringed to SE and E by active margin, the remains of larger
Tertiary active margin which extended along W side of Philippines from Luzon to Negros and perhaps from
Sulu Archipelago to NE part of Sabah)
Metzger E.J. & H.E. Hurlburt (1996)- Coupled dynamics of the South China Sea, the Sulu Sea and the Pacific
Ocean. J. Geoph. Res. 101, p. 12331-12352.
(On water circulation in S China Sea, Sulu Sea, and area around Philippine Islands)
Mubandi, Andri S.S., Y.S. Djajadihardja & B.M. Ganie (1999)- Petrogenesis of basic igneous rock of the
Celebes Sea Basement. Proc. 28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), 1, p. 113-120.
Muller, C.M. (1991)- Biostratigraphy and geological evolution of the Sulu Sea and surrounding area. Proc.
Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 121-131.
Murauchi, S., W.J. Ludwig, N. Den, H. Hotta, T. Asanuma et al. (1973)- Structure of the Sulu Sea and the
Celebes Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 78, 17, p. 3437-3447.
(Seismic refraction profiles through Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea marginal basins)
Nagasaka, K., J. Francheteau & T. Kishii (1970)- Terrestrial heat flow in the Celebes and Sulu Seas. Marine
Geophysical Res. 1, p. 99-103.
Nederbragt, A.J. (1991)- Distribution and preservation of Cenozoic planktonic foraminifers from the Celebes
and Sulu seas, Leg 124. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Res. 124, p. 159-170.
(Celebes Sea sites 770 and 767 M Eocene- Recent pelagic carbonates and marls on late M Eocene mid-oceanic
ridge basalts. Sulu Sea late E Miocene- Recent sediment, with pelagic carbonates only in Late Pliocene and
Pleistocene, suggesting falls in carbonate compesation depths at ~3.5 Ma, 2.4 Ma, 1.6 Ma, etc.)
Nichols, G., C. Betzler, G. Brass, Z. Huang, B. Linsley, D. Merril, C. Muller et al. (1990)- Depositional history
of the Sulu Sea from ODP Sites 768, 769 and 771. Geoph. Res. Lett. 17, 11, p. 2065-2068.
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(ODP Site 768 in SE sub-basin and Sites 769 and 771 on flanks of Cagayan Ridge. SuIu Basin originated in late
E Miocene (~18.8 Ma) in backarc setting. Cagayan Ridge was site of E- early M Miocene arc volcanism with
thick andesitic to basaltic volcaniclastics. Basin center E Miocene pelagic sequence interrupted by rhyoliticdacitic pyroclastic flows. M-L Miocene sedimentation more continental, with thick quartz-rich turbidites.
Decrease in supply from arc and continental sources and Late Pliocene change in carbonate compensation
depth resulted in Late Pliocene- Pleistocene pelagic carbonate deposition)
Nichols, G. & R. Hall (1999)- History of Celebes Sea basin based on its stratigraphic and sedimentological
record. J. Asian Earth Sci. 17, p. 47-59.
(Oceanic Celebes Sea Basin between N. Borneo and N. Sulawesi opened in late M Eocene, same age as W
Philippine Sea: part of same system ?)
Oda, H., H. Shibuya & V. Hsu (2000)- Palaeomagnetic records of the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition
from ODP Leg 124 (Celebes and Sulu seas). Geophys. J. Int. 142, p. 319-338.
(Palaeomagnetic records of Brunhes/Matuyama geomagnetic polarity transition (0.78 Ma) in deep-sea
sediment cores of ODP Leg 124 in Celebes and Sulu seas)
Oke, B., J. Keall, P. Carroll, R. Noble & T. Setzer (2004)- Zebra Prospect- reading between the stripes. In: R.A.
Noble et al. (eds.) Proc. Deepwater and Frontier Exploration in Asia & Australia Symposium, Jakarta, Indon.
Petrol. Assoc., DFE04- OR-048, 13p.
(Sandakan Basin off N Borneo Pliocene seismic amplitude anomalies corresponded to uneconomic, thin, gasbearing, very fine sand-silt units)
Pederson, S.L. (1996)- Hydrocarbon potential, Southwest Sulu Sea, Philippines. In: G.P. & A.C. Salisbury
(eds.) Trans. 5th Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf., Honolulu 1990, Gulf Publishing, Houston, p.
587-594.
Poblete, R.G. & A.A. Morado (1999)- The NW Sulu Sea Basin, Philippines: an attractive frontier area for
petroleum exploration. Palawan 99, 12 p.
Pouclet, A., M. Pubellier & P. Spadea (1991)- Volcanic ash from Celebes and Sulu Sea basins off the
Philippines (Leg 124): petrography and geochemistry. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al., Proc. Ocean Driiling
Program ODP, Sci. Results 124, p. 467-487.
(Volcanic material in deep-sea sediments Late Oligocene (32, 25 Ma) in Celebes Sea and Miocene (18, 10 Ma)
in Sulu Sea. All ash compositions calc-alkaline and arc-related. Three Plio-Quaternary sequences of basic to
acidic lava suites. Last pulse in Late Pleistocene)
Pubellier, M., P. Spadea, A. Pouclet, R. Solidum et al. (1991)- Correlations of tephras in Celebes and Sulu Sea
basins; constraints on geodynamics. In: E.A.Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p.
459-465.
Rabinowitz, P.D., F.H. Syed & R. McCabe (1998)- Gravity studies across the Sula Arc. Proc. Offshore
Technology Conference, Houston 1998, 1, p. 647-656.
Three models proposed for tectonic origin of Sulu and Celebes Seas basins: trapped fragments of oceanic plate,
back-arc spreading, and rifting from SE Asia margin. Basins are separated by shallow partly emerged Sulu
volcanic Ridge extending from W Mindano to NE Borneo. Gravity observations across Sulu Arc and adjacent
basinal structures consistent with concept that subduction zones exist along both flanks of Sulu Arc and also
that extinct spreading centers exist in both Sulu and Celebes Seas)
Rangin, C. (1989)- The Sulu Sea, a back-arc basin setting within a Neogene collision zone. Tectonophysics 161,
p. 119-141.
(SE Sulu Sea small oceanic basin that opened in M Miocene in back-arc setting along Sundaland margin during
subduction of Celebes Sea plate beneath Sulu arc. Back-arc extension post-dates early M Miocene compression.
Progressive, still incomplete closing of basin, initiated in Late Miocene, result of collision of exotic terranes
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with Sundaland margin, which also induced flipping of the Sulu subduction zone. Evolution of Sulu Sea modern
example of how young oceanic crust can be incorporated in orogenic belt. Nice geologic cross-sections)
Rangin, C. (1991)- Southeast Asian marginal basins (South China, Sulu and Celebes Seas): new data and
interpretations. CCOP Techn. Publ. 24, 25th Anniv. Vol., p. 156- 174.
(Celebes and S China Seas rifted from Asian continental margin in Paleogene. Proto-South China Sea, now
completely subducted, probably had same origin. Paleogene was period of intense stretching of Eurasian
margin and opening of marginal basins, Neogene corresponds to progressive subduction of these oceanic
basins)
Rangin, C. & E.A. Silver (1991)- Geological setting of the Celebes and Sulu Sea. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.)
Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Init. Rept. 124, p. 35-42.
(Celebes and Sulu Seas are deep restricted basins between Borneo and Philippine Archipelago. They are part
of succession of trending NE subparallel oceanic basins. Separating basins from S China to Banda are ridges
such as Cagayan Ridge, Palawan and Sulu archipelagos, arms of Sulawesi, and Sula platform)
Rangin, C. & E.A. Silver (1991)- Neogene tectonic evolution of the Celebes-Sulu basins: new insights from Leg
124 drilling. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Res. 124, p. 51-63.
(Synthetic cross section from S China Sea to Sulawesi, and correlation of major magmatic and tectonic events.
Basins and their margins (Celebes-Sulu block) collided with rifted margin of China (Reed Bank) around 16 Ma.
Submarine pyroclastics emplacement coincided with this collision. Sulu Basin probably opened in back-arc
position for Cagayan volcanic arc in Early Miocene. Incipient closing of Sulu and Celebes basins still active)
Rangin, C., E. Silver and Leg 124 Team (1989)- Forages dans les bassins marginaux du SE Asiatique: resultats
preliminaires du leg 124 (Ocean Drilling Program), C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 307, Ser. II, p. 1333-1339.
('Wells in the marginal basins of SE Asia: preliminary results of ODP Leg 124')
Rangin, C., E. Silver, M.T. von Breymann et al. (eds.) (1990)- Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,
Initial Reports, 124, College Station, Tx, p. .
(Sulu and Celebes Sea ODP wells and studies)
Roeser, H.A. (1991)- Age of the crust of the Southeast Sulu Sea basin based on magnetic anomalies and age
determined at Site 768. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 339-343.
(Age of Sulu Sea oceanic crust at ODP site 768 about 17-15 Ma. Magnetic anomalies rel. weak and not parallel
to Palawan/ Cagayan Ridge/ Sulu Archipelago, but suggest N-S spreading direction. Sulu Sea probably started
to open at 30-35 Ma (E. Oligocene). Spreading continued until 10 Ma (Late Miocene). Most oceanic crust
already subducted)
Scherer, R.P. (1991)- Radiolarians of the Celebes Sea, Leg 124, Sites 767 and 770. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et
al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 345-357.
(Celebes Sea ODP Sites 767 and 770 brown clays over basalt at both sites contain radiolarians of late M
Eocene Podocyrtis chalara Zone. No Late Eocene radiolarians due to probable hiatus or condensed section.
Oligocene represented by Theocyrtis tuberosa and Dorcadospyris ateuchus zones. Pelagic sedimentation until
E Miocene, when sedimentation became strongly influenced by continentally derived material)
Scherer, R.P. (1991)- Miocene radiolarians of the Sulu Sea, Leg 124. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.),
Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 359-368.
Schluter, H.U., M. Block, K. Hinz, S. Neben, D. Seidel & Y. Djajadihardja (2001)-Neogene sediment thickness
and Miocene basin-floor fan systems of the Celebes Sea. Marine Petrol. Geol. 18, 7, p. 849-861.
(M Miocene turbidites correlated from ODP site 767 throughout Celebes Sea basin study area. Two source
areas: M Miocene fans of C and S Celebes Sea basin controlled by paleo-Tarakan Delta system, tectonic events
and basin floor morphology. Main source area along S Sulu Arc assumed to be Mindanao. Correlations suggest
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post-M Miocene to pre-Pliocene age for Cotabato Trench accretionary wedge and Plio-Pleistocene age for N
Sulawesi subduction wedge)
Schluter, H. U., K. Hinz, & M. Block (1996)- Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the
South China Sea and Sulu Sea. Marine Geol. 130, p. 39-78.
(Five main tectono-stratigraphic terranes defined for S China Sea and four for Sulu Sea. Dangerous Grounds,
Reed Bank, Palawan-NW Borneo Trough and Palawan Island continental terranes, developed on proto-China
margin by simple shearing in Late Cretaceous-E Paleocene)
Serri, G., P. Spadea, L. Beccaluva, L. Civetta, M. Coltorti et al. (1991)- Petrology of igneous rocks from the
Celebes Sea basement. In: E.A.Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p.
271-296.
(ODP Site 770 basaltic basement below M Eocene radiolarian-bearing red clays drilled for 106 mainly pillow
lavas and pillow breccias, intercalated with massive amygdaloidal lavas. Two dolerite sills also recognized. All
rocks studied show effect of low-temperature seafloor alteration, causing almost total replacement of olivine
and glass. Textural and mineralogical features and crystallization sequences analogous to primitive or weakly
fractionated mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs). No detectable influence of subduction-related component)
Shibuya, H., V. Hsu, D. Merrill & ODP Leg 124 scientists (1989)- Paleomagnetic results of ODP Leg 124,
Celebes and Sulu Seas. EOS 70, 43, p. 1365.
Shibuya H, D.L. Merill, V. Hsu & Leg 124 party (1991)- Paleogene counterclockwise rotation of the Celebes
Sea-orientation of ODP cores utilizing the secondary magnetization. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean
Drilling Program, Scientific Res. 124, p. 519-523.
(Paleomag work suggesting Celebes Sea rotated up to 60 degrees CCW between M Eocene and Late Oligocene.
No rotation is indicated after Late Oligocene)
Shyu, J.P. D. Merrill, V. Hsu, M.A. Kaminski, C.M. Muller, A.J. Nederbragt et al. (1991)- Biostratigraphic and
magnetostratigraphic synthesis of the Celebes and Sulu Seas. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling
Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 11-35.
(Summary of ODP Leg 124 late M Eocene- Quaternary biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic studies)
Shyu, J.P. & C.M. Mueller (1991)- Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Celebes and Sulu Seas. In:
E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 124, p. 133-159.
(Sites 767 and 771 in Celebes Sea post-Oligocene sediments below carbonate compensation depth (CCD) and
calcareous nannofossils recovered only from turbidites. From late M Eocene to Late Oligocene Site 771 was
above CCD and accumulated pelagic clay. Highest occurrence of Chiasmolithus grandis just above basement
and indicates late M Eocene age for Celebes Basin. In SE Sulu Basin nannofossils preserved only in post- early
M Miocene. Base Gephyrocapsa oceanica s.l. closest datum to top Olduvai paleomagnetic event and most
suitable biohorizon for approximating Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in Celebes and Sulu Seas)
Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1989)- Celebes and Sulu marginal basins: constraints from ODP Leg 124. EOS
Transactions, AGU, 70, p. 1365.
Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1991)- Leg 124 tectonic synthesis. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling
Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 3-9.
(Plate tectonic setting of M Eocene Celebes Sea oceanic crust ambiguous, but do not favor origin as fragment
of Indian Ocean or W Philippine Sea plates. We cannot exclude an origin as fragment of mostly subducted
Molucca Sea Plate or basin rifted from edge of E Asian mainland. Sulu Sea likely to formed by back-arc
spreading behind Cagayan Ridge in E Miocene. Cessation of spreading in Sulu Sea and volcanic activity on
Cagayan Ridge were coeval, possibly related to collision between Palawan and Cagayan ridges)
Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1991)- Development of the Celebes Basin in the context of Western Pacific marginal
basin history. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p. 39- 49.
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(Celebes Sea marginal basin origin still uncertain.Little paleomagnetic evidence of latitudinal change. Clay
minerals no change from red to green claystones. Eocene-Oligocene sediments indicate open ocean origin for
early basin history. If formed by rifting of edge of SE Asia, it did so without terrigenous input and allowed free
interchange with ocean waters. Celebes Sea presently subducting, as are many W Pacific marginal basins)
Silver, E.A. & C. Rangin (1996)- Origin and history of the Sulu and Celebes basins: ODP Leg 124. In: G.P.
Salisbury & A.C. Salisbury (eds.) Fifth Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Res. Conf. Trans., Honolulu 1990,
Gulf Publ. Co., Houston, p. 51-60.
Smith R.B., G.W. Betzler, G.W. Brass, Z. Huang et al. and Leg 124 Scientific Party (1990)- Depositional
history of the Celebes Sea from ODP Sites 767 and 770. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 11, p. 2065-2068.
(Sites 767 and 770 in N Celebes Sea reached late M Eocene basaltic basement. From late M Eocene to Early
Miocene pelagic sedimentation prevailed with little influence from continental or volcanic arc sources First
major continental influence in M Miocene time as thick sequence of quartzose turbidites on basin floor, possibly
in response to M Miocene orogeny in N Borneo.Late Miocene arc volcanism began to contribute hemipelagic
sediments and ash layers and remained dominant sediment to present. Celebes Sea now surrounded by volcanic
arcs, but absence of volcanoclastics in Eocene- E Miocene suggests basin did not form by back-arc spreading)
Smith R.B., M. von Breymann & Z. Huang (1991)- Site backtracking and the Eocene- Oligocene calcite
compensation depth in the Celebes Sea. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Res. 124, p.447-457.
(Oceanic crust at Sites 767 and 770 in N Celebes Sea overlain by Eocene-Oligocene pelagic sediments. Brown
clay accumulated below the calcite compensation depth (CCD) at deeper Site 767 throughout this time interval.
Shallower Site 770 brief episode of non-calcareous clay deposition in earliest Oligocene, indicating abrupt
lowering of the CCD by 500m, synchronous with drop in CCD in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, showing open
deep-water connections between Celebes Sea and Pacific or Indian Oceans in Eocene-Oligocene)
Smith, T.E., C.H. Huang & F.G. Sajona, (1991)- Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basalts from Holes 767C,
770B and 770C, Celebes Sea. In: E.A. Silver, C. Rangin et al. (eds.) Proc. ODP, Sci. Res. 124, p. 311-320.
(Compositionally Celebes Sea basalts very similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts. Celebes Sea interpreted
as fragment of basement of Jurassic Argo abyssal plain trapped during Eocene (most unlikely; HvG)).
Spadea, P., M. D'Antonio & M.F. Thirlwall (2004)- Source characteristics of the basement rocks from the Sulu
and Celebes Basins (Western Pacific): chemical and isotopic evidence. Contr. Min. Petrol. 123, 2, p. 159-176.
(Sulu Basin developed ~18 Ma as backarc basin, associated with Cagayan Ridge Arc. Celebes Sea Basin
formed ~43 Ma, subsequently developing as open ocean until M Miocene. In both basins late M Miocene
collision and Late Miocene onset of volcanic activity on adjacent arcs. Sulu and Celebes Sea Basins basalts
isotopically similar to depleted Indian MORB, and distinct from E Pacific Rise MORB. Signature possibly
inherited by Indian Ocean mantle during rupture of Gondwanaland, when fragments of this mantle may have
migrated to position of Celebes, Sulu and Cagayan sources)
Subandrio, A.S., Y. Jayadiharja & B.M. Ganie (1999)- Petrogenesis of basaltic rock of Celebes Sea floor. Proc.
28th Ann. Conv. Indon. Assoc. Geol. (IAGI), p. .
Tamesis, E.V. (1990)- Petroleum geology of the Sulu Sea Basin, Philippines. Proc. South East Asia Petroleum
Exploration Society (SEAPEX) 9, p. 45-54. (also as: Proc. 8th Offshore South East Asia Conference, OSEA
90174, Singapore 1990, p. 109-118)
(Sulu Sea several NE trending sub-basins (NW and SW Suala) and three W Sulu small basins on Sabah shelf
(Balabac, Bancauan, Sandakan. W Sulu Sea 21 wells. Basins inception in Late Paleogene, followed by Neogene
subsidence. Miocene- Pliocene fluvio-deltaics with oil and gas shows and Pliocene regional marine
transgression with Lape Piocene- Pleistocene carbonate deposition)
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Trinidad N.D. & R.T. Barcelona (1999)- Notes on the geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Sibutu block,
southern Philippines. In: Proc. Palawan99 Int. Conf. Tectonics, stratigraphy and petroleum and mineral
systems of Palawan, Borneo and surrounding areas, Palawan Island, Philippines, 8 p.
Van der Kaars, W.A. (1991)- Palynological aspects of Site 767 in the Celebes Sea. In: E.A. Silver et al. (eds.)
Proc. Ocean Drilling Program ODP, Sci. Results 124, p. 369-374.
(Palynological study of ODP Site 767 in Celebes Sea indicates presence of extensive wetlands in area in M and
Late Miocene. At start of Late Pleistocene montane vegetation expanded, probably due to tectonic upheaval)
Walker, T. R., A.F. Williams, D. Wong, M. Kadir, A. Khair & R.H.F. Wong (1992)- Hydrocarbon potential of
the southern Sandakan Basin, Eastern Sabah, Malaysia. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery
Article #91015. (Abstract only)
(Sandakan Basin is largest of three basins in SW Sulu Sea, with up to 6-8 km of Lower Miocene -Recent
sediments. Complex history involving Paleogene arc tectonism and subbasin formation punctuated by
obduction and transpressional events. Deltaic sedimentation with outer shelf reef growth characterized
Neogene; reservoir and intra-formational seals are ubiquitous. Source rocks are deltaics, similar to Baram and
Mahakam deltas. 15 exploration wells, 11 of these invalid tests. Similarities in stratigraphic and structural style
between Baram Delta and Sandakan Basin suggest significant hydrocarbon potential)
Weissel, J.K. (1980)- Evidence for Eocene oceanic crust in the Celebes Basin. In: D.E. Hayes (ed.) The tectonic
and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands- I. Amer. Geoph. Union, Geoph. Mon. 23, p. 37-47.
(Celebes Sea magnetic lineations mapped as anomalies 18-20, suggesting oceanic crust is of Eocene age)
Zehui, H., F.M. Gradstein & K.E. Louden (1991)- Subsidence and sedimentation analysis of marginal basins:
Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea, Leg 124, sites 767 and 768. In: Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 124, p.
399-407.
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IX.7. Australia NW Shelf

AGSO NW Shelf Study Group (1994)- Deep reflections on the North West Shelf: changing perceptions of basin
formation. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc.
Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 63(Australian NW shelf main basin forming events: (1) Late Devonian- E Carboniferous extension, creating NE
trending Fitzroy Trough and Petrel Basin;, (2) mid-Carboniferous- E Permian major extension, creating
Westralian superbasin with thick Permo-Triassic 'sag-phase' deposits; (3) Late Triassic- Early Jurassic
transpressional reactivation creating M-L Jurassic source rock depocenters and uplifting adjacent blocks)
Ambrose, G.J. (2004)- Jurassic sedimentation in the Bonaparte and northern Browse basins: new models for
reservoir- source rock development, hydrocarbon charge and entrapment. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea
Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv, p. 125-142.
Ambrose, G. (2006)- Untested hydrocarbon column in Thornton-1 in the Timor Sea encourages a Plover deep
oil play. PESA News 80, p.
(Plover Unit C lower delta plain coaly probably good source facies; Possible thin oil-bearing sands in Plover
Unit B in Thornton 1 (= below Toarcian mfs))
Amir, V., R. Hall & C.F. Elders (2010)- Structural evolution of the Northern Bonaparte Basin, Northwest Shelf
Australia. Proc. 34th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., IPA10-G-210, 17p.
(Structural interpretation of N Bonaparte Sahul Platform-Laminaria High from 3D seismic. Three main stages:
1. M Triassic? extension (NNE-SSW trending normal faults); 2. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rifting (breakup
event; E-W to ENE-WSW trending normal faults; and 3. Neogene Australia-Banda Arc continental collision in
Timor (NE-SW trending faults). Extension during Late Jurassic rifting was about half that of Triassic phase)
Anderson, A.D., M.S. Durham & A.J. Sutherland (1993)- The integration of geology and geophysics to post-well
evaluations- example from Beluga 1, offshore N Australia. APEA J. 33, 1, p. 15-21.
Apthorpe, M. (1988)- Cainozoic depositional history of the North West Shelf. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The
Northwest Shelf of Australia. Proc. PESA NW Shelf Symposium, Perth 1988.
Apthorpe, M.C. (1979)- Depositional history of the Upper Cretaceous of the Northwest Shelf based upon
foraminifera. APEA J. 19, 1, p. 74-89.
Apthorpe, M. (1994)- Towards an Early to Middle Jurassic palaeogeography for the North West Shelf: A marine
perspective. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc.
Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 201-210.
Apthorpe, M. (2003)- Early to lowermost Middle Triassic Foraminifera from the Locker Shale of Hampton-1
well, Western Australia. J. Micropalaeont. 22, 1, p. 1-27.
(Marine smaller foraminifera from 350 m shale section from upper Lower Triassic to lowermost M Triassic
(Spathian-Lower Anisian), off W Australia. Differs from coeval fauna from same area (Heath & Apthorpe,
1986). New fauna contains some Tethyan genera, previously recorded from S China and Alps, including
Duostomina, Krikoumbilica, Gsollbergella, Trocholina, Endothyra and Endothyranella)
Archbold, N.W. (1988)- Permian brachiopoda and bivalvia from Sahul Shoals No. 1, Ashmore Block,
Northwestern Australia. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 100, p. 33-38.
Archbold N. W (1998)- Correlations of the Western Australian Permian and Permian Ocean circulation patterns.
Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria. 110, 1-2, p. 85-106.
(18 brachiopod zones in Permian, but only 4 in Bonaparte Basin; speculations on Permian paleo-circulation)
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Archbold N.W. (1998)- Marine biostratigraphy and correlation of the West Australian Permian basins. In: P.G. &
R.R. Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2: Proc. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia
Symposium, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 141-151.
(Marine Permian strata of the onshore Perth, Carnarvon, Canning and Bonaparte basins traditionally correlated
with other sequences by means of marine invertebrate faunas. Brachiopods in particular evolved rapidly and
were abundant in the Western Australian marine Permian. An integrated sequence of seventeen brachiopod zones
ranging in age from the Early Permian (Asselian) to Late Permian (Dzhulfian) occurs in W Australia)
Archbold, N.W. (2000)- Palaeobiogeography of the Australasian Permian. Mem. Assoc. Australasian Palaeont.
23, p. 287-310.
(In Permian present Australian continent was part of E Gondwana which itself was S region of Pangaea.
Australia was surrounded by elements of New Zealand to the E and SE, New Caledonia to the SE, Irian Jaya to
the N, Timor and the Cimmerian continental fragments to the NW, S Tibet, the Himalaya and Peninsular India to
the W and SW and Antarctica to the S.)
Archbold, N.W. (2002)- Peri-Gondwanan Permian correlations: the Meso-Tethyan margins. In: M. Keep & S.J.
Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth
2002, p. 223- 240.
(Permian of 16 regions of NE Gondwana compared with Australian continent. Palaeoclimatic changes and
tectonic events: (1) Asselian- E Artinskian change from cold to temperate environments, associated with basaltic
volcanism and initial rifting of peripheral N Gondwanan margin; (2) Late Artinskian-Kungurian warming with
onset of carbonate deposition in several Cimmerian terranes. Basaltic volcanism in several terranes indicative of
rifting and opening of Meso-Tethys; (3). Roadian (Late Ufimian) and (4) Wordian-Capitanian: widespread,
subtropical, marine carbonates on Cimmerian blocks as they drifted N and on N parts of Meso-Tethys S margin.
Equivalent carbonates in subsurface W Australia. Andesitic volcanism in E Australia; (5) Wuchiapingian: marine
transgressions extending into NW basins of Australia; (6) Changhsingian: minor marine transgressive events in
Trans-Himalaya with Selong section of Tibet most complete Permo-Triassic for S Meso-Tethys margin)
Archbold, N.W. & T. Hogeboom (2000)- Subsurface brachiopoda from borehole cores through the Early Permian
sequence of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: correlations with palynological biostratigraphy. Proc. Royal
Soc. Victoria 112, p. 93-109.
(Early Permian brachiopods from five wells in onshore Carnarvon Basin, tied to spore-pollen zonation)
Archbold, N.W., J. M. Dickins & G.A. Thomas (1993)- Correlation and age of Permian marine faunas in Western
Australia. Geol. Survey Western Australia Bull. 136, p. 11-18.
Arditto, P.A. (1996)- A sequence stratigraphic study of the Callovian fluvio-deltaic to marine succession within
the ZOCA region. Australian Petroleum Prod. Expl. Assoc. J. 36, p. 269-283.
Backhouse, J. (1998)- Palynological correlation of the Western Australian Permian. In: G.R. Shi, N.W. Archbold
& M. Grover (eds.) Strzelecki Int. Symp. Permian of eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and
resources. Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria. 110, p. 107-114.
(10 palynozones in Permian Canning, Carnarvon, Perth, Bonaparte Basins)
Baillie, P.W., C.M. Powell, Z.X. Li & A.M. Ryall (1994)- Tectonic framework of Western Australias
Neoproterozoic to Recent sedimentary basins. In P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western
Australia. Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp., Perth 1994, p. 45-62.
Baird, R.A. & R.P. Philip (1988)- Hydrocarbon potential of the Upper Jurassic/ Lower Cretaceous of the
Australian NW shelf. J. Petrol. Geol. 11, 2, p. 125-140.
(Source-rock richness, timing of hydrocarbon generation, and thicknesses of potential source shales of Upper
Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous section of NW Shelf used for predictions hydrocarbon potential in Browse Basin,
Malita Graben/NW Bonaparte Gulf Basin, Rowley Sub-basin, and Vulcan Sub-basin/Sahul Syncline)
130
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Baker, C., A. Potter, M. Tran & A. Heap (2008)- Sedimentology and geomorphology of the North-West marine
region of Australia: a spatial analysis. Geoscience Australia Record 2008/7, p. 1-237.
(online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA11484.pdf)
Bal, A.A., J.D. Prosser & T.J. Magee (2002)- Sedimentology of the Mungaroo Formation in the Echo-Yodel
Field: a borehole image perspective. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia
3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp., Perth 2002, p. 661-685.
(Cross-bedding in Norian Mungaroo deltaics suggests sediment dispersal dominantly from NE to SE)
Bann, K.L., O. Kloss, G.R. Wood et al. (2004)- Palaeoenvironments and depositional history of the Tern Field,
Bonaparte Basin. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol.
Survey, p. 521-536.
Barber, P. (1988)- The Exmouth Plateau deepwater frontier: a case study. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The
North West Shelf, Australia, Proc. Petrol Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth, p. 173-187.
Barber, P. (1994)- Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous depositional systems of the Dampier sub-basin- quo vadis ?
APEA J. 34, 1, p. 566-585.
Baxter, K. (1998)- The role of small-scale extensional faulting in the evolution of basin geometries. An example
from the late Palaeozoic Petrel Sub-basin, northwest Australia. Tectonophysics 287, p. 21-41.
Baxter, K., G.Y. Cooper, K.C. Hill & G.W. OBrien (1999)- Late Jurassic subsidence and margin evolution in the
Vulcan Sub-basin, north-west Australia: constraints from basin modeling. Basin Res. 11, 2, p. 97-111.
(Vulcan Sub-basin developed during Late Jurassic extension. S part characterized by large, discrete normal
faults and deep sub-basins, more distributed, small-scale faulting further N and development of broader, 'sagged'
basin geometry. Upper crustal faulting represents up to 10% extension, not balanced by extension in deeper
lithosphere; the magnitude of this deeper extension is evidenced by amount of post-Valanginian thermal
subsidence. Lower crustal and lithosphere stretching may reflect long-wavelength strain partitioning associated
with continental breakup, which may have extended 300500 km landward of continent-ocean boundary)
Beardsmore, G.R. & P.B. OSullivan (1995)- Uplift and erosion on the Ashmore Platform, North West Shelf:
conflicting evidence from maturation indicators. APEA J. 1995, 35, p. 333-343.
Beere, G. M. (1984)- The Waggon Creek Formation- an Early Carboniferous submarine fan deposit in the
Bonaparte Gulf Basin. Geol. Survey of Western Australia Prof. Pap. report 12, p. 7-14.
Belford, D.J. (1968)- Stratigraphy and micropalaeontology of the Upper Cretaceous of Western Australia. Geol.
Rundschau 47, 2, p. 629-647.
Belton, D.X., R.W. Brown, B.P. Kohn et al. (2004)- Quantitative resolution of the debate over antiquity of the
Central Australian landscape: implications for the tectonic and geomorphic stability of cratonic interiors. Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 219, 1-2, p. 21-34.
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stratigraphic play fairway in the Browse Basin. Proc. Austral. Petr. Prod. Explor. Ass. Conf., Canberra 2004,
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plate. Late Carboniferous-E Permian opening of Neo-Tethys corresponds to shift in drift direction from S to N.
Late Triassic Fitzroy compressive event linked to closures of Paleo-Tethys and evolution of Bowen Basin.
Jurassic rifting of Argo Abyssal Plain probably a consequence of rotation of plate)
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probably underfilled; oil displaced and/or absorbed by later gas fill)
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Brunnschweiler, R.O. (1960)- Marine fossils from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Dampier
Peninsula, Western Australia. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geophys. Australia 59, 53p.
(Dampier Land between Derby and Broome. Late Jurassic Langey Beds with Buchia malayomaorica,
Belemnopsis gerardi group, calpionellids, all similar to East Indonesia Late Jurassic assemblages. Early
Neocomian Jowlaenga Fm with Hibolites and bivalves. Neocomian Broome sst with plants only. Neocomian
Leveque sst with Inoceramus spp. Aptian Melligo quartzite with bivalves )
Bryan S.E., A.E. Constantine, C.J. Stephens, A. Ewart, R.W. Schon & J. Parianos (1997)- Early Cretaceous
volcano-sedimentary successions along the eastern Australian continental margin: implications for the break-up
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(Large E Cretaceous Whitsunday Aptian-Albian volcanic province (125-105 Ma) along E margin of Australia,
part of high-K calc-alkaline pyroclastic volcanic belt that extends for more than 900 km along C and S
Queensland coast. Tied to breakup of E Gondwana and formation of modern E Australia passive margin)
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(Palynological study of 33 latest Triassic- E Cretaceous dredge samples exposed on NW shelf sea floor off W
Australia)
Butcher, B.P. (1989)- Northwest Shelf of Australia. In: J.D. Edwards & P.A. Santogrossi (eds.) Divergent/passive
margin basins, AAPG Mem. 48, p. 81-115.
C&C Reservoirs (~1998-2004)- Reservoir Evaluation reports- Far East
(Descriptions of clastic reservoirs in Challis, Gorgon, Jabiru, North Rankin, Goodwyn, Griffin, Laminaria,
Sunrise-Troubadour, etc., fields on NW Shelf)
Cadman, S.J. & P.R. Temple (2003)- Bonaparte Basin, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Ashmore and
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Campbell, J.D. (1994)- Late Triassic brachiopods from a dredge haul on the slope below Rowley Terrace,
northwest Australia. AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 15, 1, p. 135-136.
(Late Triassic brachiopods (Misolia sp., cf. Trigonirchynchella sp., cf. Zugmayerella sp.) described from
mudstone dredged below Rowley Terrace, NW Australia)
Carlsen, G.M. & K.A.R. Ghori (2005)- Canning Basin and global Palaeozoic petroleum systems- a review.
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Castillo, D.A., D.J. Bishop & M. de Ruig (2001)- Fault seal integrity in the Timor area: prediction of trap failure
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Formation, Cooper Basin, South Australia. APPEA J. 1997, p. 154- 177.
Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1976)- The Bullara Limestones, a new rock-stratigraphic unit from the Carnarvon Basin,
Western Australia. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 1, p. 171-174.
(Latest Oligocene- earliest Miocene N3-N4 limestone)
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Chen, G., K.C. Hill & N. Hoffman & G.W. O Brien (2001)- 3D palaeo-migration pathway analysis; an example
from the Timor Sea. In: K.C. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian basins symposium 2001; a
refocused energy perspective for the future. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Spec. Publ. 1, p. 629-636.
Chen, G., K.C. Hill & N. Hoffman (2002)- 3D structural analysis of hydrocarbon migration in the Vulcan subbasin, Timor Sea. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West
Australian Basins Symp., Perth 2002, p. 377-387.
(3D structural model of Vulcan Sub-basin back-stripped, decompacted / restored to reveal paleo-architecture in
Valanginian, Late Eocene and Late Miocene, which correspond to major periods of hydrocarbon expulsion. Updip migration paths over Plover Fm reservoir horizon determined to constrain source risk for prospective traps)
Chen, G., K.C. Hill, N. Hoffman & G.W. OBrien (2002)- Geodynamic evolution of the Vulcan Sub-basin,
Timor Sea, northwest Australia: a pre-compression New Guinea analogue? Austral. J. Earth Sci. 49, p. 719-736.
(Late Jurassic Swan Graben significant, but principal phase of crustal extension is Triassic- M Jurassic.
Triassic- M Jurassic extension rel. widespread, Late Jurassic faulting more focused. Vulcan Sub-basin four
principal stages of evolution: (1) regional, evenly spaced crustal faulting and subsidence in Triassic -M Jurassic;
(2) focused faulting in Late Jurassic that created grabens with uplift of the shoulders; (3) regional subsidence
from M Valanginian; (4) minor extensional and contractional reactivation in Mio-Pliocene)
Chivas, A.R., A. Garcia, S. van der Kaars, M.J.J. Couapel, S. Holt, J.M.Reeves, D.J. Wheeler et al. (2001)- Sea
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Australia: evidence for an 8 Ma event. AAPG Int. Conf., Bali 2000, 6p. (Extended abstract)
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signature of exposed Miocene subtropical continental shelf carbonates, North West Cape, Western Australia.
Sediment. Geol. 185, p. 1-19.
(Exposed, uplifted Oligo- Miocene (N9) carbonate sequences of Cape Range. Late Oligocene-E Miocene Mandu
Last unconformably over Late Eocene Giralia calcarenite, and unconformably overlain by earliest M Miocene
Trealla Lst)
Colwell, J.B. (1990)- Stratigraphy of Australia's NW continental margin. Bur. Min. Res., Canberra, 126 p.
Colwell, J.B. & J.M. Kennard (1996)- Petrel Sub-basin study, 1995-1996, summary report. AGSO Record
1996/40, 122p.
Colwell, J.B., U. Rohl, U. von Rad & E. Kristan-Tollmann (1994)- Mezozoic sedimentary and volcaniclastic
rocks dredged from the northern Exmouth Plateau and Rowley Terrace, offshore northwest Australia. J. Austral.
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Colwell, J.B. & U. Von Stackelberg (1981)- Sedimentological studies of cainozoic sediments from the Exmouth
and Wallaby Plateaus, off Northwest Australia. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 6. p. 43-50.
Crawford, A.J. & U. von Rad (1994)- The petrology, geochemistry and implications of basalts dredged from the
Rowley Terrace- Scott Plateau and Exmouth Plateau margins, northwestern Australia, AGSO J. Australian Geol.
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Curry, J.S., J.M. Lorenzo & G.W. O Brien (2000)- Polarity of continent-island arc collision since late Miocene:
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flexing of Australian lithosphere toward the arc. Normal faulting on Australian Shelf occurs as flexural stresses
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exceed plate strength. Collision began in Late Miocene W of Timor, progressed eastward during the Pliocene,
and continues E. Normal faults W of 124.5E terminate vertically in the Miocene section. Normal faults from
124.5E to 125.5E terminate at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. From 125.5E to ~128E, faults terminate in
the early Pliocene section. Normal faults from ~128E to 131E terminate at or near the sea floor E of 131 E,
motion of Australian lithosphere is subparallel to plate boundary and no faulting is evident)
Dawson, G.C., B. Krapez, I.R. Fletcher et al.(2002)-Did Late Palaeoproterozoic assembly of proto-Australia
involve collision between the Pilbara, Yilgarn and Gawler Cratons? Geochronological evidence from the Mount
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De Boer, R.A. (2003)- The Puffin sandstone, Timor Sea, Australia: anatomy of a submarine fan. In: G.K. Ellis et
al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 373-390.
(Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian submarine fan system in Browse, Vulcan, with minor oil in Puffin 1; up to
900m thick; 6 depositional lobes)
De Carlo, E.H. & N.F. Exon (1992)- Ferromanganese deposits from the Wombat plateau, Northwest Australia.
In: U. von Rad et al.(eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr., Sci. Res. 122, p. 335-345.
(online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/122_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr122_18.pdf)
(Ferromanganese crusts, nodules and Fe-Mn-rich sediments dredged from water depths of 2000-4600 m, on
Wombat Plateau adjacent to Argo Abyssal Plain. Ferromanganese deposits from ODP sites up to 40 cm thick
and formed on long-exposed deep sea floor, probably in Late Cretaceous-Eocene times)
De Ruig, M.J., M. Trupp, D.J. Bishop, D. Kuek, D.A. Castillo (2000)- Fault architecture and the mechanics of
fault reactivation in the Nancar Trough/Laminaria area of the Timor Sea, northern Australia. APPEA J. 40, 1, p.
174-193.
DiCaprio, L., M. Gurnis & D. Muller (2009)- Long-wavelength tilting of the Australian continent since the Late
Cretaceous. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 278, p. 175-185.
(Global sea level and pattern of marine inundation on Australian continent are inconsistent, partly due to
anomalous downward tilting of continent to NE by 300 m since Eocene. Tilting occurred as Australia approached
subduction systems in SE Asia and is recorded by progressive inundation of N margin. Mantle convection
induced topography may be of same magnitude as global sea level change)
Dickins, J.M., J. Roberts & J.J. Veevers (1969)- Permian and Mesozoic Geology of the Northeastern Part of the
Bonaparte Gulf Basin. Dept National Development Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph. Bull. 125, p. 75-93.
Dore, A.G. & I.C. Stewart (2002)- Similarities and differences in the tectonics of two passive margins: the
Northeast Atlantic Margin and the Australian North West Shelf. In: M. Keep & S. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary
basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp. III, Perth, p. 89-117.
Duddy, I.R., P.F. Green, H.J. Gibson & K.A. Hegarty (2004)- Regional palaeo-thermal episodes in northern
Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p.
125-142.
Dumont, T. (1992)- Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) sequences of the Australian Northwest Shelf recovered on Leg
122: sea-level changes, Tethyan rifting, and overprint of Indo-Australian breakup. In: U. Von Rad, B.U. Haq et
al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Results 122. p. 197-211.
(U Triassic shallow-marine sediments recovered in N part of Exmouth Plateau (Wombat Plateau), a few km from
continent/ocean boundary. Capped by erosional post-rift unconformity with 80 My hiatus. Youngest sediments
below post-rift unconformity Rhaetian platform limestones. Rhaetian series two shallowing-upward sequences.
Many similarities beteween Wombat U Triassic and European Tethyan Mesozoic)
Durrant, J.M., R.E. France, M.V. Dauzacher & T. Nilsen (1990)- The southern Bonaparte Gulf basin; new plays.
The APEA J. 30, 1, p. 52-67.
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Dyksterhuis, S. & R.D. Muller (2008)- Cause and evolution of intraplate orogeny in Australia. Geology 36, 6, p.
495-498.
Dyksterhuis, S., R.D. Muller & R.A. Albert (2005)- Paleostress field evolution of the Australian continent since
the Eocene. J. Geoph. Res. 110, B05102, p. 1-13.
(Reconstructions of plate boundary configuration and age-area distribution of ocean crust around Australia
since Eocene to obtain estimates for ridge push, slab pull, and collisional forces acting on Indian-Australian
plate. Stress directions over N Australian continent in E Miocene different from present stress directions.
Orientations in E Eocene controlled mainly by ridge push from spreading in Wharton Basin in Indian Ocean)
Edgerley, D.W. (1974)- Fossil reefs of the Sahul Shelf, Timor Sea. In: Proc. Second Int. Coral Reef Symposium,
2, Great Barrier Reef Committee, p. 627-637.
Edwards, D.S., J.M. Kennard, J.C. Preston, R.E. Summons et al. (2000)- Bonaparte Basin; geochemical
characteristics of hydrocarbon families and petroleum systems. AGSO Research Newsl. 33, p. 14-19.
(Bonaparte Basin explored for >20 years, with oil production from several fields (Jabiru, Challis-Cassini,
Laminaria-Corallina, Elang and the depleted Skua field) and proposed production from giant gas/condensate
fields (Bayu-Undan, Sunrise-Loxton Shoals-Troubadour, Petrel-Tern). Two Palaeozoic and seven Mesozoic oil
families can be identified)
Edwards, D.S., J.M. Kennard, J.C. Preston, C. Boreham et al. (2001)- Geochemical evidence for numerous
Mesozoic petroleum systems in the Bonaparte and Browse basins, northwestern Australia. AAPG 2001 Ann.
Mtg., p. 55-56.
(Nine distinct oil families. Two Paleozoic in Petrel Sub-basin. U Jurassic in Swan Graben sourced majority of
oils produced from Vulcan Sub-basin. In ZOCA three oil families: (1) mixed marine- terrestrial in JurassicCretaceous Plover, Elang, Frigate Fms and Flamingo Group, (2) condensate from Sunrise-1 with marine
carbonate biomarker signature, (3) oils in fractured Darwin Fm marine signature; from Cretaceous Echuca
Shoals Fm and related to Browse Basin Cornea and Gwydion oils. Three families of oils with dominant
terrestrial organic matter over Browse and Bonaparte Basins and in transition zone. One can be mapped to E-M
Jurassic Plover Fm. This system is least understood but wide geographic distribution.)
Edwards, D.S., J.C. Preston, J.M. Kennard et al. (2003)- Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons from the
Vulcan Sub-basin, western Bonaparte Basin, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin
2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p.
(Two end-members of oils: A: marine source, tied to Oxfordian Lower Vulcan; B: terrigenous, tied to fluviodeltaic shales/ coals, probably Middle Plover)
Edwards, D.S., R.E. Summons, J.M. Kennard et al. (1997)- Geochemical characteristics of Palaeozoic petroleum
systems in northwestern Australia. APPEA Journal 37, p. 351- 379.
Ellis, G.J., A. Pitchford & R.H. Bruce (1999)- Barrow island oil field. The APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 158-175.
Etheridge, M.A. & G.W. OBrien (1994)- Structural and tectonic evolution of the Western Australian margin
basin system. PESA Journal, p. 45-63.
Exon, N.F., U. Ruhl, J.B. Colwell & B.B. West (1992)- Mesozoic reef complexes in the Carnarvon and Canning
Basins, Australia. AAPG Int. Conf., Sydney 1992, Search and Discovery Article #91015 (Abstract only)
(ODP Leg 122 cored 200 m of Late Triassic reefal carbonates in Site 764 on N Exmouth Plateau Later dredging
by BMR showed common reef buildups and shelf carbonates in Late Triassic of N Carnarvon and W Canning
basins. Seismic from N Carnarvon indicate reefs first became established in Rhaetian, when paleolatitude was
25-30 S, and may have persisted until Callovian when area had moved to 35-40 S. Large number of buildups
identified in N Carnarvon S of ODP sites, presumed to be Jurassic buildups, sitting on horst blocks of Triassic
fluvio-deltaic sediments, commonly several 100m thick, 2 km wide, and >10 km long)
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Eyles, N., C.H. Eyles, S.N. Apak & G.M. Carlsen (2001)- Permian- Carboniferous tectono-stratigraphic evolution
and petroleum potential of the northern Canning basin, Western Australia. AAPG Bull. 85, 6, p. 989-1006.
Eyles, C.H., A.J. Mory & N. Eyles (2003)- Carboniferous-Permian facies and tectono-stratigraphic successions
of the glacially influenced and rifted Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Sedim. Geol. 155, p. 63-86.
Exon, N.F. & J.B. Colwell (1994)- Geological history of the outer North West Shelf of Australia: a synthesis.
AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geophys. 15, p. 177-190.
Exon, N.F., J.B. Colwell, P.E. Williamson & M.T. Bradshaw (1991)- Reefal complexes in Mesozoic sequences:
Australias North West Shelf region. Proc.20th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta, p. 51-66.
(Triassic- Early Jurassic carbonate buildups in outer zones NW Shelf (Wombat Plateau, Rowley margin, etc.) on
seismic and in dredge samples. Equivalent rocks possibly in E Indonesia))
Exon, N.F., U. Ruhl, J.B. Colwell & B.B. West (1992)- Mesozoic reef complexes in the Carnavon and Canning
Basins. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 76, 7, p. 1099.
Exon, N.F. & U. Von Rad (1994)- The Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences of the Northwest Australian margin,
as revealed by ODP core drilling and related studies. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of
Western Australia: Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 181-200.
Exon, N.F., U. Von Rad & U. Von Stackelberg (1982)- The geological development of the passive margins of the
Exmouth Plateau off Northwest Australia. Marine Geol. 47, p. 131-152.
(Exmouth Plateau large sunken continental block off NW Shelf, formed by Mesozoic rifting during breakup of
Australia and Greater India. N margin formed in Callovian (155 Ma), when continental fragment moved off to
NW. Early rift phase gave rise to Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanics (213-192 Ma) over thick Triassic paralic
sequence. N of E-W hinge line several 1000m of E-M Jurassic carbonates and coals accumulated before breakup.
Breakup along series of rifted and sheared segments, with NE-trending Callovian horsts and grabens. Horsts
planed off in Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous, and margin was covered by few 100m of Late CretaceousCenozoic pelagic carbonate as it sank to present depth of 2000-2500 m. NE-trending West margin formed by
Neocomian (120-125 Ma) rifting, as India moved off to NW. Triassic paralic sequence unconformably overlain
by thin Late Jurassic and younger marine sequences, indicating area was high in E-M Jurassic. NW South
margin formed by shearing in Neocomian. Thick Triassic paralics unconformably overlain by thick Late
Jurassic-Neocomian delta, suggesting area was high in E-M Jurassic, but depocentre before and after)
Exon, N.F. & J.B. Willcox (1980)- The Exmouth Plateau: stratigraphy, structure and petroleum potential. BMR
Bull. 199, p. 1-52.
Exon, N.F., P.E. Williamson, U. von Rad, B.U. Haq & S. O'Connell (1989)- Ocean drilling finds Triassic reef
play off N.W. Australia. Oil Gas J., Oct. 30, p. 46-52.
Eyles, C.H. & N. Eyles (2000)- Subaqueous mass flow origin for Lower Permian diamictites and associated
facies of the Grant Group, Barbwire Terrace, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Sedimentology, 47, p. 343-356.
Eyles, C.H., A.J. Mory & N. Eyles (2003)- CarboniferousPermian facies and tectono-stratigraphic successions
of the glacially influenced and rifted Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Sedim. Geol. 155, p. 63-86.
Eyles, N. & P. de Broekert (2001)- Glacial tunnel valleys in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia cut
below the Late Paleozoic Pilbara ice sheet. Palaeogeog., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 171, p. 29-40.
Eyles, N., C.H. Eyles, S.N. Apak & G.M. Carlsen (2001)- Permian- Carboniferous tectono-stratigraphic
evolution and petroleum potential of the northern Canning Basin, Western Australia. AAPG Bull. 85, 6, p. 9891006.
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Eyles, N., C.H. Eyles & A.D. Miall (1983)- Lithofacies types and vertical profile models; an alternative
approach to the description and environmental interpretation of glacial diamict and diamictite sequences.
Sedimentology 30, p. 393-410.
Eyles, N., A.J. Mory & J. Backhouse (2002)- Carboniferous- Permian palynostratigraphy of West Australian rift
basins: resolving tectonic and eustatic controls during Gondwanan glaciations. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim.,
Palaeoecol. 184, p. 305-319.
Eyles, N., A. Mory & C.H. Eyles (2006)- A 50-million year-long record of glacial to post-glacial marine
environments preserved in a Carboniferous- Lower Permian graben, Northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. J.
Sediment. Res. 76, 3-4, p. 618-632.
(Perth Basin intracratonic rift with 12 km Carboniferous- Cretaceous. M Carboniferous- Lower Permia,n
(Serpukhovian-Kungurian, ~50 My) 2 km glacially influenced marine strata recording transition from glacial to
postglacial conditions at high (70) paleolatitudes. Thickness reflects abundant supply of sediment from adjacent
ice-covered Yilgarn Craton and continued subsidence along Darling-Urella fault system. Sedimentology
highlights key role of glacial meltwaters rather than direct glacial processes)
Fairbridge, R.W. (1953)- The Sahul Shelf, northern Australia: its structural and geological relationships. J. Royal
Soc. West Australia 37, p. 1-33.
(Good discussion of Sahul Shelf between Timor Trough and N Australia. Shelf edge abnormally deep, around
550m, much shallower than Sunda Shelf edge. Shelf terraces at 3-5, 10-15, 25-30 and 55-60 fathoms (1 fathom=
1.83m). Isolated coral reefs at edges of shelf and shelf terraces. Includes brief discussion of geology of Aru
Islands)
Falvey, D.A. & J.C. Mutter (1981)- Regional plate tectonics and the evolution of Australia's passive continental
margins. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 6, p. 1-29.
(Passive continental margins around Australia evolved through progressive dissection of E Gondwanaland in
five episodes, starting at 155 Ma off NW Australia, 120 Ma in SW, 80 Ma in SE, 65 Ma in NE, and 55 Ma S of
Australia. Breakup/ seafloor spreading preceded by sedimentary basin subsidence in fault-bounded rifts, starting
40-50 My before breakup. Such rifting often preceded by broader, intra-cratonic style basin subsidence 50-100
My before breakup. Post breakup subsidence rapid, but sedimentation usually interrupted by submarine erosion
in shallow rapidly subsiding ocean basin))
Frankowicz, E. & K.R. McClay (2010)- Extensional fault segmentation and linkages, Bonaparte Basin, outer
North West Shelf, Australia. AAPG Bull. 94, 7, p. 977-1010.
FROG Tech Pty (2005)- OZ SEEBASE Study 2005, Public Domain report to Shell Development Australia.
(online at: http://www.frogtech.com.au/ozseebase-details/)
(GIS and PDF versions of extensive study of Australia Basement geology, terranes, tectonic history and basins)
Fuji, T., G.W. OBrien, P. Tingate & G. Chen (2004)- Using 2D and 3D basin modellling to investigate controls
on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Vulcan sub-basin, Timor Sea, Northwestern Australia. APPEA J. 2004, p.
93-122.
Fullerton, L.G., W.W. Sager & D.W. Handschumacher (1989)- Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous evolution of the
Eastern Indian Ocean adjacent to Northwest Australia. J. Geoph. Res., Solid Earth Planets 94, B3, p. 2937-2953.
Gaina, C., R.D. Muller, B.J. Brown & T. Ishihara (2003)- Microcontinent formation around Australia. Geol. Soc.
Australia Spec. Publ. 22, p. 399-410. (also in Geol. Soc. America Spec. Pap. 372, p. 405-416)
Microcontinents of Australian origin in Tasman Sea and Indian Ocean include E Tasman Rise, Gilbert Seamount,
Seychelles, Elan Bank (Kerguelen Plateau), possibly fragments of Lord Howe Rise and Norfolk Ridge, Wallaby
Plateau. Tasman Sea continental fragments formed by ridge jumps onto adjacent continental margins after seafloor spreading in S Tasman Sea commenced. E Tasman Plateau separated from Lord Howe Rise at ~83 Ma.
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Most microcontinents formed by re-rifting of young continental margin in vicinity of mantle plume stem. Weak
inner flank of rifted margin weakens further when passing over mantle plume, causing nearby spreading ridge to
jump onto this zone of weakness, isolating passive margin segment and leaving narrow passive margin behind)
Gartrell, A.P. (2000)- Rheological controls on extensional styles and the structural evolution of the Northern
Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, p. 231-244.
Gartrell, A.P. & M. Lisk (2005)- Potential new method for paleostress estimation by combining threedimensional fault restoration and fault slip inversion techniques: first test on the Skua Field, Timor Sea. Sea. In:
P. Boult & J. Kaldi (eds.) Evaluating fault and cap rock seals, AAPG Hedberg Series 2, p. 23-36.
(Fault restorations suggest stress regime responsible for Late Miocene fault activity near Skua oil field in Timor
Sea differs from present-day stress regime. Late Miocene extensional regime, present-day transtensional stress
regime. Widespread late Tertiary extensional faulting, decreasing fault activity to present day. Most hydrocarbon
leakage associated with fault reactivation in present-day stress regime)
Gartrell, A., M. Lisk & J.R. Underschultz (2002)- Controls on the trap integrity of the Skua oil field, Timor Sea.
In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.)- The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins
Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 389-407.
(Fill-spill model for Skua oil field challenges importance of Mio-Pliocene fault reactivation as principal control
on trap integrity. Restoration shows important role of pre-existing fault intersections)
Gartrell, A., Y. Zhang, M. Lisk & D. Dewhurst (2004)- Enhanced hydrocarbon leakage at fault intersections: an
example from the Timor Sea, Northwest Shelf, Australia. J. Geochem Explor. 78-79, p. 361-365.
Gartrell, A., Y. Zhang, M. Lisk & D. Dewhurst (2004)- Fault intersections as critical hydrocarbon leakage zones:
integrated field study and numerical modelling of an example from the Timor Sea, Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol.
21, 9, p. 1165-1179.
Geological Survey Western Australia (2006)- Summary of petroleum prospectivity, Western Australia 2006:
Bonaparte, Bight, Canning, Officer, Perth, Northern Carnarvon, and Southern Carnarvon Basins. Western
Australia Geological Survey, 34p.
(Available online; high-level overview of W. Australia activity and discoveries)
George, S.C., M. Ahmed, K. Liu & H. Volk (2004)- The analysis of oil trapped during secondary migration.
Organic Geochem. 35, p. 1489-1511.
Geoscience Australia (2010)- Regional geology of the northern Carnarvon Basin, Offshore Petroleum acreage
release. p. 1-24.
(http://www.ret.gov.au/Documents/par/geology/carnarvon/documents/Northen%20Carnarvon%20Basin%20REG
IONAL%20geology.pdf)
Ghori, K.A.R., A.J. Mory & R.P. Iasky (2005)- Modeling petroleum generation in the Paleozoic of the Carnarvon
Basin, Western Australia: implications for prospectivity. AAPG Bull. 89, p. 27-40.
Gibson-Poole, C.M., S.C. Lang, J.E. Streit et al. (2002)- Assessing a basin's potential for geological sequestration
of carbon dioxide: an example from the Mesozoic of the Petrel sub-basin, NW Australia. In: M. Keep & S.J.
Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp., Perth 2002, p.
439-462.
Giles, D., P.G. Betts & G.S. Lister (2004)- 1.8-1.5-Ga links between the North and South Australian cratons and
the Early-Middle Proterozoic configuration of Australia. Tectonophysics 380, p. 27-41.
Glenister, B.F., C. Baker, W.M. Furnish & J.M. Dickins (1990)- Late Permian ammonoid cephalopod Cyclolobus
from Western Australia. J. Paleont. 64, 3, p. 399-402.
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(Single specimen of Cyclolobus persulcatus Rothpletz (1892) from Hardman Fm, Canning Basin. Youngest
Permian ammonoid known from Australia. Originally described from W Timor Late Permian 'Amarassi fauna')
Glenister, B.F., C. Baker, W.M. Furnish & G.A. Thomas (1990)- Additional Early Permian ammonoid
cephalopods from Western Australia. J. Paleont. 64, 3, p. 392-399.
(Svetlanoceras irwinense (Teichert and Glenister, 1952), etc., from basal Callytharra Fm oldest ammonoids from
Permian of Carnarvon Basin)
Glikson, A.Y., D. Jablonski & S. Westlake (2010)- Origin of the Mt Ashmore structural dome, west Bonaparte
Basin, Timor Sea. Australian J. Earth Sci. 57, 4, p. 411-430.
(Mt Ashmore dome in W Bonaparte Basin structural dome below a major pre-Oligocene/post-Late Eocene
unconformity and above a 6 km-deep-seated basement high. Microbrecciation suggest possible impact origin)
Goncharov, A. (2003)- Basement and crustal structure of the Bonaparte and Browse basins, Australian northwest
margin. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv, p. 551566.
(Basement and crustal structure of Bonaparte and Browse basins substantially different to each other. Bonaparte
Basin up to 22 km of sediment, Browse Basin up to 12-14 km. Sedimentation in Bonaparte and Browse basins
initiated in region with relatively thick crust. Bonaparte Basin deepest Moho directly beneath deepest basement.
More typical inverse relationship between Moho topography and depth to basement is observed in Browse Basin)
Gopala Rao, D., K.S. Krishna, A.I. Pillipenko, V. Subrahmanyan, V.I. Dracheva & N.F. Exon (1994)- Tectonic
and sedimentary history of the Argo Abyssal Plain, eastern Indian Ocean, AGSO J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 15,
p. 165-176.
Gorter, J.D. (1994)- Triassic sequence stratigraphy of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R.
Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petr. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium,
Perth, p. 397-413.
Gorter, J.D. (1998)- Revised Upper Permian stratigraphy of the Bonaparte Basin. In: The sedimentary basins
of Western Australia 2. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc.
Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 213-228.
(Four regionally extensive Upper Permian limestones in Bonaparte Basin. Regional extent and mappability of
these carbonates dictates revision of Upper Permian sequences)
Gorter, J.D. & S.W. Bayford (2000)- Possible impact origin for the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) Puffin
structure, Ashmore Platform, Northwest Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, 4, p. 707-714.
Gorter, J.D. & J.M. Davies (1999)- Upper Permian carbonate reservoirs of the North West Shelf and Northern
Perth Basin, Australia. APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 343-362.
Gorter, J.D. & I. Deighton (2002)- Effects of igneous activity in the offshore northern Perth Basin- evidence from
petroleum exploration wells, 2D seismic and magnetic surveys. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The Sedimentary
basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 874- 899.
Gorter, J.D., P.J. Jones, R.S. Nicoll & C.J. Golding (2005)- A reappraisal of the Carboniferous stratigraphy
and the petroleum potential of the southeastern Bonaparte Basin (Petrel sub-basin), NW Australia. APPEA J.
2005, p.275-295.
(Revision of latest Tournaisian- Namurian stratigraphy of Petrel sub-basin, NW Shelf)
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A. S.
m a rl
in
the
Ti m o r
g e o l o g ical e v o l uti o n
The APEA Journal 3 5 , 1 , p . 1 5
K ir k (1 9 9 5 )- T h e K i m m e r i d g ia n
Sea: rele va n ce
to
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a n d
an d possible h y d r o car b o n pla ys.
2 - 1 6 8 .
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G o r t er,
J. D .
&
D. M .
M c K i r d y,
P.J.
Jo nes
&
G .
Pla y f o r d
(2 0 0 3 )Reap p raisal
of
the
early
C a r b o n ifero us
M i lli ga ns
For m ati o n
so urce
ro c k
syste m in the so uther n B o n a parte Basin, n orth w e stern
A u s t r a l i a . In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol.
Survey, p. 232-253.
(E-M Tournaisian and Late Devonian clastics more likely candidate for Turtle- Barnett oils than Visean
Milligans Fm)
Gorter, J.D., P.J. Jones, R.S. Nicoll & C.J. Golding, (2005)- A reappraisal of the Carboniferious Stratigraphy
and the petroleum potential of the southeastern Bonaparte Basin (Petrel sub-basin), Northwestern Australia.
APPEA J. 2005, p. 275-295.
Gorter, J., R.S. Nicoll, I. Metcalfe, R. Willink & D.Ferdinando (2009)- The Permian-Triassic boundary in
Western Australia: evidence from the Bonaparte and Northern Perth basins-exploration implications. APPEA
J. 2009, p. 311-334.
(Several sedimentary basins in W Australia contain Late Permian or older petroleum reservoir rocks, overlain
by thick (400- 2000 m) Early Triassic shaly sequences. Age of base Triassic shales re-assessed)
Gorter, J.D., J.P. Rexilius, S.L. Powell & S.W. Bayford (2002)- Late Early to Mid-Miocene patch reefs,
Ashmore Platform, Timor Sea- evidence from 2D and 3D seismic surveys and petroleum exploration wells. In:
M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins
Symp., Perth 2002, p. 355-375.
Gorter, J.D., V. Ziolkowski & S.W. Bayford (1998)- Evidence of Lower Triassic reservoirs with possible
hydrocarbon charge in the southern Bonaparte Basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of
Western Australia 2, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 229-235.
(A sandstone in Lower Triassic Mt Goodwin Fm in wells in S Bonaparte Basin commonly associated with
mappable seismic reflector. Several seismic profiles show brightening of this event, and direct hydrocarbon
indicators strongly imply presence of source rocks in pre-Triassic section).
Gradstein, F.M. (1992)- Legs 122 and 123, Northwestern Australia margin- a stratigraphic and palaeogeographic
summary. In: F.M. Gradstein et al. (eds.) Ocean Drilling Program Sci. Res. 123, p. 801-816.
Gradstein, F.M., J.N.Ludden et al. (1992)- Proceedings ODP, Scientific Results 123: Argo Abyssal Plain/
Exmouth Plateau. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 818 p.
Grenfell, H.R., (1985)- A paleoenvironmental Analysis of the Permo-Triassic of the Bonaparte Basin, Northwest
Australia, based on palynomorphs. New Zealand Geol. Survey Hornibrook Symposium p. 59-61.
Gunn, P.J. (1988)- Bonaparte Basin: evolution and structural framework. In: P.G & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The
Northwest Shelf, Australia. Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia (PESA), p. 275-285.
Haig, D.W., M. Smith & M.C. Apthorpe (1997)- Middle Eocene foraminifera from the type Giralia
calcarenite, Gascoyne Platform, southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa 21, p. 229-245.
(Giralia Calcarenite is of Middle Eocene age (upper zone P12, 41.5-40.5 Ma). One sequence with maximum
thickness of 40-50 m , reflecting a maximum flooding event)
Haines, P.W., M. Hand & M. Sandiford (2001)- Palaeozoic synorogenic sedimentation in central and northern
Australia: a review of distribution and timing with implications for the evolution of intracontinental orogens.
Australian J. Earth Sci. 48, p. 911-928.
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Halpin, J.A., A.J. Crawford, N.G. Direen, M.F. Coffin, C.J. Forbes & I. Borissova (2008)- Naturaliste Plateau,
offshore Western Australia: a submarine window into Gondwana assembly and breakup. Geology 36, p. 807-810.
(Submarine Naturaliste Plateau off SW Australia is block of continental origin exhumed during Cretaceous
breakup between Australia and Antarctica. Reworked Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1230-1190 Ma) zircons from
granite and orthogneiss samples dredged from S margin of plateau. Igneous rocks metamorphosed during
Cambrian Pinjarra Orogeny at ~515 Ma. Protoliths affinities to Mesoproterozoic crust in Albany-FraserWilkes Orogen (Australia-Antarctica))
Haq, B.U., U. von Rad et al. (1990)- Proceedings Ocean Drilling Project ODP, Initial Reports 122. Ocean
Drilling Program, College Station, p.
Harrowfield, M. & M. Keep (2005)- Tectonic modification of the Australian North-West Shelf: episodic
rejuvenation of long-lived basin divisions. Basin Res. 17, p. 225-239.
Haston, R.B. & J.J. Farrelly (1993)- Regional significance of the Arquebus 1 well, Browse Basin, NW Shelf,
Australia. APEA J. 33, 1, p. 28-38.
He, S. & M. Middleton (2002)- Heat flow and thermal maturity modelling in the Northern Carnarvon Basin,
North West Shelf, Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 19, p. 1073-1088.
Heap, A.D. & P.T. Harris (2008)- Geomorphology of the Australian margin and adjacent seafloor. Australian J.
Earth Sci. 55, 4, p. 556-585.
(online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08120090801888669)
(Paper on systematical mapping of 6702 seafloor geomorphic features around Australia: Plateaus, basins,
terraces, reefs (4172), etc.. Australian margin relatively underrepresented in shelf and rise and over-represented
in slope areas, reflecting mainland bounded on three sides by rifted continent-ocean margins and associated
large marginal plateaus)
Heine, C. & R.D. Muller (2005)- Late Jurassic rifting along the Australian Northwest Shelf: margin geometry and
spreading ridge configuration, Australian J. Earth Sci. 52, p. 27-39.
(Magnetic anomaly record of Argo and Gascoyne Abyssal Plains re-interpreted, showing continental breakup in
the Argo and Gascoyne started simultaneously in Oxfordian with M25A (= E Kimmeridgean?; HvG) as oldest
anomaly. Sea-floor spreading continued until M14 (Valanginian), separating W Burma Block and possibly other
continental fragments like Sikuleh Terrane of W Sumatra from N Australian margin)
Heine, C., R.D. Muller, B. Steinberger & L. DiCaprio (2010)- Integrating deep earth dynamics in
paleogeographic reconstructions of Australia. Tectonophysics 483, 1-2, p. 135-150.
(Cenozoic progressive flooding of Australia requires downward tilting of Australian Plate towards SE Asian
subduction system. Reconstruction of flooding history for last 70 Ma on continental scale. S low caused by
sinking slab material from E Gondwana subduction zone in Cretaceous. N low first straddles N Australia in
Oligocene, attributable to material subducted N and NE of Australia. Apparent Late Cenozoic N-ward tilt of
Australia function of S Australia moving away from Gondwana subduction-related dynamic topography low in
Oligocene, followed by drawing down of N Australia as it overrode slab burial ground under much of N
Australia since Miocene. Without mantle convection most of Australia's continental shelves would be exposed)
Heine, C., R.D. Muller & M. Norvick (2002)- Revised tectonic evolution of the Northwest Shelf of Australia and
adjacent abyssal plains. In: M. Keep & S. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West
Australian Basin Symposium, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA), p. 955-957.
Heirtzler, J.R., P. Cameron, P.J. Cook, T. Powell, H.A. Roeser, S. Sukardi & J.J.Veevers (1978)- The Argo
abyssal plain. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 41, p. 21-31.
(Magnetic anomalies in Argo Abyssal Plain identified as M10 to M25, increasing in age from Java Trench to NW
Shelf of Australia. Argo Abyssal Plain is bounded by 5600m contour and reaches maximum depth of 5730 m.
Joey Rise limits Argo Abyssal Plain on SW. Numerous diapir-like structures)
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Henderson, R.A. (1998)- Eustatic and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the mid-Cretaceous Bathurst Island
Group of the Money Shoals Platform, northern Australia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 138, p. 115-138.
Hillis, R.R. (1991)- Australia- Banda Arc collision and in situ stresses in the Vulcan Subbasin (Timor Sea) as
revealed by borehole breakout data. Exploration Geophys. 22, 1, p. 189-193.
(Boreholes in Vulcan Sub-basin elliptical cross-section, formed in response to in situ stress. Long axes of
breakouts 130-170N trend, implying NE-ENE-oriented maximum horizontal stress. This orientation not
controlled by compression from Australia/ Banda Arc collision zone, but consistent with models of stress
distribution in Indo-Australian plate based on plate-driving forces at all of its boundaries)
Hillis, R.R. (1992)- Evidence for Pliocene erosion at Ashmore Reef (Timor Sea) from the sonic velocities of
Neogene limestone formations. Exploration Geoph. 23, p. 489- 495.
(Sonic velocity of Miocene Oliver Fm at Ashmore Reef-1 well anomalously fast, probably due to 1.3 km of
Pliocene erosion. Erosion was synchronous with subsidence of present-day Timor Trough and uplift of Timor
island, so is believed to be linked with collision between Australian Continent and Indonesian Banda Island Arc)
Hillis, R.R., J.J. Meyer & S.D. Reynolds (1998)- The Australian stress map. In: ASEG 13th Int. Geoph. Conf.
Exhib., Exploration Geophysics (Melbourne) 29, 3-4, p. 420-427.
(Australian stress map shows regionally, maximum horizontal stress oriented NE-SW from New Guinea along
most of NW Shelf, rotating to 100 N in Carnarvon Basin)
Hillis, R.R., S.D. Mildren, C.J. Pigram & D.R. Willoughby (1997)- Rotation of horizontal stresses in the
Australian North West continental shelf due to the collision of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Tectonics
16, 2, p. 323-335.
(40 rotation of regional maximum horizontal stress orientation between W (Carnarvon Basin) and E (Bonaparte
Basin) end of Australian NW Shelf. Borehole breakouts in Carnarvon Basin show hmax orientation of 090100N. Regional hmax orientation from New Guinea through Bonaparte Basin to Canning Basin is 050-060N.
Between Canning and Carnarvon hmax rotates to 090-100N. Banda Arc collisional zone not generating
significant net push; 050-060N hmax orientation of much of N Australian margin probably controlled by New
Guinea orogen)
Hillis, R.R. & A.F. Williams (1993)- The stress field of the North West Shelf and wellbore stability. The APEA
J. 33, 1, p. 373-385.
Hinz, K., H. Beiersdorf, N.F.Exon, H.A. Roeser, H.M.J. Stagg & U. Von Stackelberg, (1978)- Geoscientific
investigations from the Scott Plateau off northwest Australia to the Java Trench. BMR J. Austral. Geol. Geoph. 3,
p. 319-340.
Hocking, R.M. (1990)- Carnarvon Basin. In: Geology and mineral resources of Western Australia, Western
Australia Geol. Survey, Mem. 3, p. 457-495.
Hocking, R.M., Mory, A.J., Williams, I.R. (1994)- An atlas of Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic basins of
Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petroleum
Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, p. 21-44.
Hoffman, N. & K.C. Hill (2004) - Structural-stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the deepwater Browse Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003,
Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 393-409.
Hollis, J.A., C.J. Carson & L.M. Glass (2009)- SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological evidence for Neoarchean
basement in western Arnhem Land, northern Australia SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological evidence for
Neoarchean basement in western Arnhem Land, N Australia. Precambrian Res. 174, p. 364-380.
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(Pine Creek Orogen, W Arnhem Land, on N periphery of North Australian Craton with metamorphosed
Palaeoproterozoic sediments with Neoarchean zircon detritus, particularly in 25302510 Ma and ca. 26702640
Ma age range. Pine Creek orogen itself thermal- compressional event around 1865- 1855 Ma))
Hopper, J.R., J.C. Mutter, R.L. Larson, C.Z. Mutter, P. Buhl et al. (1992)- Magmatism and rift margin evolution;
evidence from northwest Australia. Geology 20, 9, p. 853-857.
Horstman, E.L (1988)- Source maturity, overpressures and production, North West Shelf, Australia. In: P.G. &
R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West Shelf of Australia, Proc. NW Shelf Symposium 1988, p. 529-538.
Ingram, G.M., S. Eaton & J.M.M. Regtien (2000)- Cornea case study: lessons for the future. APPEA J. 40, 1, p.
56-65.
Ito, M., S. O'Connell, A. Stefani & P. Borella (1992)- Fluviodeltaic successions at the Wombat Plateau: Upper
Triassic siliciclastic-carbonate cycles. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program ODP,
Sci. Res. 122, p. 109(online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/122_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr122_06.pdf)
(Carnian-Norian sediments at ODP Sites 759,760 on Wombat Plateau ~600 m thick transgressive-regressive
cycles in deltaic system. Sands dominated by monocrystalline quartz, probably derived from acidic plutonic and
volcanic rocks in continental block. Av. ratio of monocrystalline quartz: feldspar: lithic fragments (Qm:F:Lt) is
71:22:7, indicating source from transitional continental and cratonic interior terranes. Mica up to 11%,
metasedimentary lithics <0.7% but generally absent. Upper Carnian sediments more feldspathic and with some
volcanic fragments, indicating onset of rifting with volcanism in Gondwana continental block. Around barriers
and/or delta lobes, carbonate shoals/banks probably developed)
Jablonski, D.J. (1997)- Recent advances in the sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic to Lower Cretaceous
succession in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Australia. APPEA J. 36, 1, p. 429-454.
Jablonski, D. & A.J. Saitta (2004)- Permian to Lower Cretaceous plate tectonics and its impact on the tectonostratigraphic development of the Western Australian margin. APPEA J. 44, 1, p. 287- 327.
Jason, R., G. McMurtrie & J. Keall (2004)- Hydrocarbon potential of the Outer Browse Basin, NW Australia.
Proc. Deep water and frontier exploration in Asia & Australasia Symp, Dec. 2004, Indon. Petrol. Assoc., Jakarta,
p. 497-507.
(Outer Browse Basin frontier area believed to contain distal extensions of Browse Basin petroleum systems:
large gas condensate discoveries in Mesozoic horst blocks, reservoired in Jurassic deltaic sediments, or small oil
discoveries in E Cretaceous sandstones in drapes over Mesozoic horsts or basement highs. Maginnis-1 2002 well
failed to encounter Jurassic reservoir and penetrated thicker than anticipated M Jurassic volcanic section)
Jenkins, C.C., D.M. Maughan, J.H. Acton, A. Duckett, B.E. Korn & R.P. Teakle (2003)- The Jansz gas field,
Carnarvon Basin, Australia. APPEA J., 43, 1, p. 303-324.
(Large gas discovery in stratigraphic/ subunconformity trap in U Jurassic sandstones of Carnarvon Basin)
Jonasson, K. E. (2001)- Atlas of Petroleum Fields Onshore Canning Basin. Dept. Mineral and Petroleum Res. 2,
1, 72 p.
Jones, A.T., G.A. Logan, J.M. Kennard & N. Rollet (2005)-.Reassessing potential origins of synthetic aperture
radar (SAR) slicks from the Timor Sea region of the Northern West Shelf on the basis of field and ancillary data.
APPEA J. 45, p. 311-331.
Jones, A.T., G.A. Logan, J.M. Kennard, P.E.OBrien, N. Rollet, M. Sexton & K.C. Glenn (2005)- Testing natural
hydrocarbon seepage detection tools on the Yampi Shelf, northwesternAustralia. Geoscience Australia Survey
S267, Post Survey Report:GA Record 2005/15, p. 1-50.
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July 2012
Jones, H.A. (1973)- Marine geology of the northwest Australian continental shelf. Bureau Min. Res. Geol.
Geoph. Bull. 136, 102p.
Kaoru, M.,Y. Kurata, D. J. Christiansen & J. Scott (2004)- The Crux gas-condensate discovery, northern Browse
Basin, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol.
Survey, p. 67-79.
Karner, G.D. & N.W. Driscoll (1999)- Style, timing and distribution of tectonic deformation across the Exmouth
Plateau, northwest Australia, determined from stratal architecture and quantitative basin modeling. In:
Continental Tectonics, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 164, p. 271-311.
(Tectonic events responsible for formation of Exmouth Plateau varied in space and time. Deformation broadly
distributed in Late Permian event (widespread intra-cratonic Locker Shales and Mungaroo Fm). Late TriassicM Jurassic deformation more localized and formed Exmouth, Barrow and Dampier sub-basins. Regional
extension in Tithonian-Valanginian generated widespread post-Valanginian regional subsidence. After initiation
of seafloor spreading, inversion phase with minor reactivation of fault systems. Post-Valanginian subsidence
requires significant lower crustal and mantle extension across Exmouth Plateau during Tithonian-Valanginian,
which should be accompanied by large injection of heat)
Keall, J.M. & P.J. Smith (2000)- The impact of late tilting on hydrocarbon migration, eastern Browse Basin,
Western Australia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhibition, Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84; 9, p. 1445-1446 (Abstract only)
(Discoveries of oil in Gwydion-1 (1995) and Cornea-1 (1996) on E margin of Browse Basin confirmed presence
of oil source in E Cretaceous- Late Jurassic source rocks, with migration of >50 km from kitchen areas to W.
Wells drilled along E side of basin have residual oil columns, suggesting traps had greater structural closure at
time of charge. Uplift and erosion in Miocene resulted in tilting of traps, causing reduction in amount of closure
and spilling of oil updip)
Keall, J.M. & P.J. Smith (2003)- The Argus-1 gas discovery, northern Browse Basin, Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et
al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 37-52.
(N Browse 2000 discovery in tilted Triassic-Jurassic fault block with >240m dry gas column mainly in Oxfordian
shallow marine sandstones)
Keep, M. (2000)- Neogene tectonic influences on petroleum systems in the Browse Basin and Timor Sea, North
West Shelf, Australia. AAPG Int. Conf. Bali 2000. (extended abstract)
Keep M., A. Bishop & I. Longley (2000)- Neogene wrench reactivation of the Barcoo Sub-basin, northwest
Australia: implications for Neogene tectonics of the northern Australian margin. Petrol. Geosc. 6, 3, p. 211-220.
Keep, M., M. Clough & L. Langhi (2002)- Neogene tectonic and structural evolution of the Timor Sea region. In:
M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins
Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 341-353.
(Two major and one minor Neogene structural reactivation events: Earliest Miocene (25-23 Ma; rel. minor;
=New Guinea collision?), Late Miocene (11- 5.5 Ma; related to Sumba collision/ uplift or New Guinea collision/
folding; 8 Ma seems widespread Indo-Australian event) and Late Early Pliocene (~3 Ma- present-day; =Timor
collision). Dominantly right-lateral transpression in Browse, left-lateral transtension in Timor Sea)
Keep, M., J. Hengesh & B. Whitney (2012)- Natural seismicity and tectonic geomorphology reveal regional
transpressive strain in northwestern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 59, 3, p. 341-354.
(Temporary seismic network in NW Australia recorded 28 earthquakes, with dominantly strike-slip solutions)
Keep, M. & M. Harrowfield (2008)- Elastic flexure and distributed deformation along Australia's North West
Shelf: Neogene tectonics of the Bonaparte and Browse basins. In: H. Johnson et al. (eds.) The nature and origin
of compression in passive margins, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 306, p. 185-200.
146
July 2012
(Neogene collision between Australia and Banda Arc modified adjacent Bonaparte and Browse basins of NW
Australia. Modification both continuous long-wavelength amplification of Permo-Carboniferous basement
topography and flexure and normal faulting of Triassic-Recent sedimentary cover)
Keep, M. & S.J. Moss (2000)- Basement reactivation and control of Neogene structures in the Outer Browse
Basin, North west Shelf. Expl. Geophys. 31, p. 424-432.
(Late Permian- Early Triassic extensional faults reactivated in Cenomanian-Turonian, but especially in Middle
Oligocene and M-L Miocene)
Keep, M., C.M. Powell & P.W. Baillie (1998)- Neogene deformation of the North West Shelf. In: P.G. & R.R.
Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2, Proc Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia, Perth 1998, p. 8191.
(Changing angles of collision between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates result in a variety of reactivation
structures along the NW Shelf. Zones of high strain/ reactivation strongly partitioned into discrete areas, with
adjacent areas showing little or no reactivation. Neogene deformation a major impact on petroleum
accumulations, both enhancing or breaching earlier traps)
Kennard, J.M., I. Deighton, D.S. Edwards et al. (1999)- Thermal history modelling and transient heat pulses: new
insights into hydrocarbon expulsion and 'hot flushes' in the Vulcan Sub-basin, Timor Sea. APPEA J. 39, 1, p.
177-207.
(Good intro overview of Vulcan Basin; Late Tithonian submarine fans in Paqualin/Swan graben)
Kennard, J.M., I. Deighton, D.S. Edwards et al. (2002)- Subsidence and thermal history modelling: new insights
into hydrocarbon expulsion from multiple petroleum systems in the Petrel Sub-basin, Bonaparte Basin. In: M.
Keep & S. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. West Australian Basins Symp.
Perth, p. 409-437.
(Thermal history analysis of E Carboniferous- Permian petroleum systems in Petrel. Modelled oil- gas expulsion
from postulated oil-prone source in Lower Carboniferous Milligans Fm in two offshore depocentres N and S of
Turtle-Barnett High. Expulsion commenced in Late Carboniferous, peaked in E Permian, prior to onset of Late
Triassic Fitzroy Movement uplift. Expulsion from Lower Permian Keyling Fm restricted to central and outer
portions of Petrel Deep. Expulsion from outer Petrel Deep in Late Permian-E Triassic. C Petrel Deep peaked in
E Triassic, with minor expulsion in Late Triassic-Cretaceous. Gas expulsion from U Permian Hyland Bay Fm
limited to outboard limits of Petrel Sub-basin. Timing is Jurassic-Cretaceous, with peak in mid-late Cretaceous)
Kennard, J.M., I. Deighton, D. Ryan, D.S. Edwards& C.J. Boreham (2003)- Subsidence and thermal history
modelling: new insights into hydrocarbon expulsion from multiple petroleum systems in the Browse Basin. In:
G.K. Ellis et al. (eds) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Survey, p. 412- 435.
Kennard, J.M., D.S. Edwards, T.E. Ruble, C.J. Boreham et al. (2000)- Evidence for a Permian petroleum system
in the Timor Sea region, northwestern Australia. AAPG Int. Conf. Exhibition, Bali 2000, AAPG Bull. 84, 9
(Abstract only)
Kennard, J.M., M.J. Jackson, K.K. Romine et al. (1994)- Depositional sequences and associated petroleum
systems of the Canning Basin, WA. In: P.G & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia,
Petrol. Expl. Soc. Western Australia, p. 657-676.
Killick, M.F. & P.H. Robinson (1994)- The good and bad of diagenesis; a review of sandstone reservoirs in the
North Bonaparte Basin. In: P. & G. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia. Proc. Petr. Expl.
Soc. Austrialia Symposium 1, Perth, p. 275-289.
Kivior, T., J. G. Kaldi & R.M. Jones (2000)- Late Jurassic and Cretaceous Seals of the Vulcan Sub-Basin. AAPG
Int. Conf. Bali 2000 (extended abstract)
147
July 2012
Kivior, T., J.G. Kaldi & S.C. Lang (2002)- Seal potential in Cretaceous and Late Jurassic rocks of the Vulcan
subbasin. The APPEA J. 41, p. 203-224.
Klootwijk, C. (1996)- Phanerozoic configurations of Greater Australia: evolution of the North West Shelf. Part 1:
Review of reconstruction models. Austral. Geol. Surv. Org., Rec. 1996/51, p. 1-105.
(online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/1209383/Rec1996_051.pdf)
(Review of SE Asia- NW Australia plate tectonic evolution models. Models show general agreement for original
position of Sibumasu block opposite NW Australia, with N China block in near proximity. Positions of S China
and Indochina blocks less clear, but possibly located off N Greater India, perhaps near W Australia
Palaeomagnetic and geologic constraints on reconstructions. Austral. Geol. Surv. Org., Canberra, Rec. 1996/52,
p. 1-85.
(online at: http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/1209368/Rec1996_052.pdf)
(Paleomagnetic constraints on the Paleozoic-Mesozoic stripping of Gondwana's NE margin. This occurred
through separation of extensive ribbon-continents rather than individual fragments. Ribbon continents and
fragments of Gondwanan origin identified in wide zone of Asia, peripheral to Siberian Platform)
Palaeomagnetic data base. Austral. Geol. Surv. Org., Canberra, Rec. 1996/53, p.
Klootwijk, C. (1998)- Phanerozoic polepath loops and their correlation with basin development and resource
accumulation. AGSO Research Newsletter 29, 3p.
Klootwijk, C. (2010)- A heretic view of the Alice Springs Orogeny: AustraliaAsia collision and tectonic
extrusion. 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 94-95.
(Abstract only)
(Paleomagnetic data show N-ward excursion of Australia of >30 of latitude, which may have started in E
Devonian and peaked in M-L Visean when promontory of Australian craton in central New Guinea reached
latitudes of 3040 N, and possibly collided with C Asian Orogenic Belt, closing Paleoasian Ocean)
Klootwijk, C. (2010)- Australia's controversial Middle-Late Palaeozoic pole path and Gondwana-Laurasia
interaction. Palaeoworld 19, p. 174-185.
(Alternative paleomagnetic pole path indicates substantial N-ward excursion of Australia/ NE Gondwana in E
Carboniferous, possibly starting in E Devonian, with New Guinea continental promontory of Australia reaching
latitudes of 30- 40N by Visean (?))
Kloss, O., G.R. Wood, J. Benson, S.C. Lang et al. (2003)- A revised depositional model for the Cape Hay
Formation, Petrel Field, northern Australia. In: G.K. Ellis, P.W. Baillie & T.J. Munson (eds.) Timor Sea
Petroleum Geoscience, Proc. Timor Sea Symp., Darwin 2003, p. 503-519.
(Petrel Field in Bonaparte Basin is large gas resource in Late Permian Cape Hay Formation, interpreted as
transgressive, sandy tide-dominated, restricted estuarine fill succession)
Kodama, K. & J.G. Ogg (1992)- Motion of the Australian Plate from sediment paleoinclinations, Early
Cretaceous through Holocene. In: F.M. Gradstein et al., Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 123, p. 549-554.
(Change in paleolatitude of areas off NW Australia since E Cretaceous determined from paleomagnetism of cores
from ODP Leg 123 and DSDP Leg 27. E Cretaceous paleolatitudes for Sites 766 and 261 around 37S, lower
latitude than expected from Australian apparent polar wander path (APWP). Mid Cretaceous- Paleogene
paleolatitudes for Site 765 also lower than predicted by APWP. (NB: results incompatible with present-day
relative positions?; Site 261 is 5 N of Site 765 today, but in Cretaceous shown as 5 S of Site Site 765; HvG))
Korn, B.E., Teakle, D.M Maughan & P.B. Siffleet (2003)- The Geryon, Orthrus, Maenad and Urania gas fields,
Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The APPEA J. 43, 1, p. 285-301.
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July 2012
Kraus, G.P. & K.A. Parker (1979)- Geochemical evaluation of petroleum source rock in Bonaparte Gulf-Timor
Sea region, northwestern Australia. AAPG Bull. 63, p. 2021-2041.
Kristan-Tollmann, E. & F. Gramann (1992)- Paleontological evidence for the Triassic age of rocks dredged from
the Northern Exmouth Plateau (Tethyan foraminifers, echinoderms, and ostracodes). In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et
al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scient. Results 122, p. 463-474.
(Limestone samples from ODP site 764 and Sonne cruise 1979 dredge samples from N side Wombat Plateau have
Norian- Rhaetian fauna, similar to other Tethyan/ 'Alpine' foram faunas, including Timor and PNG, suggesting
close similarity of faunal communities throughout Tethys realm)
Labutis, V.R. (1994)- Sequence stratigraphy and the North West shelf of Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.)
The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. PESA Symposium, Perth, p. 159-180.
Labutis, V.R., A.D. Ruddock & A.P. Calcraft (1998)- Stratigraphy of the southern Sahul Platform. APPEA J. 38,
1, p. 115- 136.
Langford, R.P., G.E. Wilford, E.M. Truswell & A.R. Isern (1995)- Palaeogeographic atlas of Australia, vol. 10Cainozoic. BMR, Canberra.
Langhi, L. & G.D. Borel (2005)- Influence of the Neotethys rifting on the development of the Dampier Sub-basin
(North West Shelf of Australia), highlighted by subsidence modeling. Tectonophysics 397, p. 93-111.
(Tectonic subsidence curves around Roebuck 1 well show striking Permo-Carboniferous rifting phase related to
Neotethys (means Mesotethys?) rifting and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous event coeval with Argo Abyssal Plain
spreading. Permo-Carboniferous episode greater effect on proximal Dampier Sub-basin subsidence than Argo
rifting. Two modes of extension: Late Paleozoic (widespread) and Mesozoic (localised))
Langhi, L. & G.D. Borel (2008)- Reverse structures in accommodation zone and early compartmentalization of
extensional system, Laminaria High (NW shelf, Australia). Marine Petrol. Geol. 25, p. 791-803.
(Late Jurassic rift phase key to accumulation of hydrocarbons in Timor Sea. On Laminaria High OxfordianKimmeridgian E-W faults forms structural traps with discoveries. Secondary reverse structures act as secondary
hydrocarbon traps and/or as migration barriers (flower structure in extensional setting)
Langhi, L., N.B. Ciftci & G.D. Borel (2011)- Impact of lithospheric flexure on the evolution of shallow faults in
the Timor foreland system. Marine Geol. 284, p. 40-54.
(Laminaria High lithosphere flexure associated with collision of Australian NW margin and Banda volcanic arc
is mechanism for Neogene fault development and reactivation of Jurassic structures. Initiation of faulting
during Late Miocene when Laminaria High entered flexed area (forebulge). Maximum fault growth between
Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene when Laminaria High was located near forebulge hinge)
Langhi, L., N.B. Ciftci & D. Dewhurst (2011)- Structural trap modification associated with foreland
lithospheric flexure. AAPG Ann. Conv. Exh., Houston 2011, Poster, Search and Discovery Art. 40780, 5p.
(online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/40780langhi/ndx_langhi.pdf)
(Bonaparte basin/ Timor Sea Late Jurassic horst block structures modified by Late Miocene and younger
flexure of underthrusting Australian continental margin in Timor Trough foreland basin. Creation of 'hourglass structures' and affecting seal integrity of pre-Miocene hydrocarbon traps)
Langhi, L. & S.B. Reymond (2005)- Seismic attributes mapping of Late Palaeozoic glacial deposits on the
Australian North West Shelf. Exploration Geoph. 36, 2, p. 224-233.
(Gondwana supercontinent experienced extensive Permo-Carboniferous glaciation, simultaneous with onset of
Neotethys rifting of its N margin. Terrestrial ice sheet in W Australia. Describes seismic attributes of Late
Palaeozoic syn-rift sequences in half-graben (series of basal moraines followed by deglaciation deposits))
Langhi, L. & C. Steiner (2003)- Permian glacial and fluvio-deltaic depositional systems of the Dampier SubBasin (North West Shelf of Australia) revealed by 3-D seismic. Abstract AAPG Int. Conf., Barcelona 2003.
149
July 2012
Langhi, L., Y. Zhang, A. Gartrell, J. Underschultz & D. Dewhurst (2010)- Evaluating hydrocarbon trap integrity
during fault reactivation using geomechanical three-dimensional modeling: an example from the Timor Sea,
Australia. AAPG Bull. 94, 4, p. 567-591.
(Analysis of faults and fault seal on Laminaria High, Bonaparte basin, where Neogene extensional-transtensional
reactivation affects most trap-bounding faults and may be reason for many breached or underfilled traps)
Larson R.L. (1977)- Early Cretaceous breakup of Gondwanaland off western Australia. Geology 5, 1, p. 57-60.
(Magnetic lineations between Wallaby and Exmouth plateaus off W Australia identified as Early Cretaceous
reversals M-0 to M-4 and some older Early Cretaceous. Formed at same plate boundary as anomalies in Perth
abyssal plain and date Early Cretaceous breakup of E Gondwanaland at between 120-135 Ma)
Laurie, J.R. D. Mantle, R.S. Nicoll & J. Ogg (2009)- Customising the geological timescale for use in Australasia.
APPEA J. 2009, p. 301- 309.
Lavering, I.H. (1993)-. Quaternary and modern environments of the Van Diemen Rise, Timor Sea, and potential
effects of additional petroleum exploration activity. BMR J. Australian Geol. Geoph. 13, p. 281-292.
Lavering, I.. & A. Jones (2002)- Carbonate shoals and hydrocarbons in the western Timor Sea: PESA News 55,
p. 40-42.
Laws, R. (1988)- The geological significance of recent discoveries and developments in Australia and Papua New
Guinea. The APEA J. 28, 2, p. 55-66.
Lee, R.J. & P.J. Gunn (1988)- The Bonaparte Basin. In: Petroleum in Australia- the first century, Australian
Petrol. Expl. Assoc. (APEA), Spec. Publ., p. 252-269.
Lemon, N.M. & C.R. Barnes (1997)- Salt migration and subtle structures: modelling of the Petrel Sub-basin,
northwest Australia, APPEA J. 37, p. 245-258.
Leonard, A.A., A. Vear, A.L. Panting et al. (2003)- Blacktip 1 gas discovery: an AVO success in the southern
Bonaparte Basin, Western Australia. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern
Territory Geol. Survey, p. 25-35.
(Gas in Lower Permian Keyling Fm, less in E Triassic Mt Goodwin Fm; est. EUR 1.1 TCF; trap Late Triassic
compressional anticline)
Lindsay, J.F. (1997)- Permian postglacial environments of the Australian Plate. In: I.P. Martini (ed.) Late glacial
and postglacial environmental changes. Oxford Univ. Press, p. 213- 229.
Lipski, P. (1993)- Tectonic setting, stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Bedout Sub-basin, NW Shelf.
APEA J. 33, 1, p. 138-150.
Lisk, M. M.P. Brincat, P.J. Eadington & G.W. OBrien (1998)- Hydrocarbon charge in the Vulcan Sub-basin. In:
P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 2. Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia
Symposium 2, p. 287-303.
(Analyses on 13 fields and 35 abandoned wells suggest oil fields were once more widespread. Jabiru, Skua, Swift
and Cassini oil fields had different palaeo-OWC to those observed today. Most fields show evidence for palaeogas cap, indicating early gas charge prior to oil accumulation. Many gas fields had oil columns prior to gas
charge. Technical success rate is 1 in 9, about 1 in 24 for commercial fields. Paleo-oil column heights range
from a few m to >200 m, exceeding 30m at Eclipse, East Swan, Octavius and Osprey).
Lisk, M., G.W. O'Brien & M.P. Brincat (1997)- Gas displacement: an important control on oil and gas
distribution in the Timor Sea? APPEA J. 37, p. 259-271.
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July 2012
Lisk, M., G.W. OBrien & P.J. Eadington (2002)- Quantitative evaluation of the oil-leg potential in the Oliver gas
field, Timor Sea, Australia. AAPG Bull. 86, 9, p. 1531-1542.
Lisk, M.,J. Ostby, N.J. Russell & G.W. OBrien (2002)- Oil migration history of the offshore Canning Basin.
APPEA J. 2000, 2, p. 133-153.
(Fluid inclusions suggest active petroleum systemin offshore Canning basin, despite absence of Late Jurassic
source system)
Liu, C., C.S. Fulthorpe, J.A. Austin & C.M. Sanchez (2011)- Geomorphologic indicators of sea level and
lowstand paleo-shelf exposure on Early-Middle Miocene sequence boundaries. Marine Geol. 280, p. 182-194.
(3D seismic analysis of two sequence boundaries in E-M Miocene section of N Carnarvon Basin, Australian NW
Shelf. Step-like discontinuities on DLS4 and DLS3.1 represent buried wave-cut terraces or sea cliffs, incisions of
DLS3.1 are karst, both implying significant lowstand paleo-shelf exposure of E-M Miocene sequence boundaries)
Liu, K., P.J. Eadington, J.M. Kennard et al. (2003)- Oil migration in the Vulcan sub-basin, Timor Sea,
investigated using GOI and FIS data. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern
Territory Geol. Survey, p. 333- 351.
Logan, G.A., A.T. Jones, J.M. Kennard, G.J. Ryan & N. Rollet (2010)- Australian offshore natural hydrocarbon
seepage studies, a review and re-evaluation. Marine Petrol. Geol. 27, 1, p. 26-45.
(Surprisingly few natural hydrocarbon seeps been identified in Australias offshore basins. Low Recent burial
and subsidence rates not favourable for seepage. Also difficulties in proving seepage on high energy, shallow
carbonate shelves. Active thermogenic methane seepage on Yampi Shelf, only proven occurrence in Australia,
driven by deposition of thick Late Tertiary carbonate succession and Late Miocene tectonic reactivation)
Longley, I.M., M.T. Bradshaw & J. Hebberger (2001)- Australian petroleum provinces of the twenty-first
century. In: M.W. Downey et al. (eds.), Petroleum provinces of the Twenty-first century. AAPG Mem. 74, p.
287-317.
Longley, I.M., C. Buessenschuett, L. Clydsdale et al. (2002)- The North West Shelf of Australia- a Woodside
perspective. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia 3. Proc. West
Australian Basins Symp. Perth, p. 27- 86.
(NW Shelf of Australia major gas province with minor oily sweet spots. Pre-rift Permo-Triassic intracratonic
sediments, overlain by Jurassic- Cainozoic syn-post-rift successions, deposited in response to rifting and seafloor
spreading of at least three continental blocks in Oxfordian-Valanginian. Rifting initiated in C Argo area in
Oxfordian, jumped N of Timor in Tithonian, to S Cuvier area in Valanginian. 754 exploration wells between
1953-2001 discovered 2.6 GBO, 2.6 GBC, 152 Tcf gas in 233 fields. Most traps sands in horsts and tilt blocks, or
overlying drape structures. 97% reservoired below Cretaceous regional seal. Dominance of gas (84%) due to
quality and maturity of source. Effective oil source in mainly Jurassic pre- and syn-rift deltaic, or partially
restricted syn-rift marine settings. Open marine deposits typically lean and gas-prone. 119 Tcf of gas reserves
remain undeveloped, together with ~1400 MB condensate)
Lorenzo, J. M., G.W. OBrien, J. Stewart & K. Tandon (1998)- Inelastic yielding and forebulge shape across a
modern foreland basin: North West Shelf of Australia, Timor Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, p. 1455-1458.
(Timor Trough is underfilled foreland basin created by partial subduction of NW continental shelf of Australia
beneath Timor Island. Change of effective elastic thickness of continental lithosphere from 80 km to 25 km
over 300 km explains high curvature on outer Trough wall and low shelf forebulge (200 m) as measured along
base Pliocene unconformity. Jurassic basement normal faults reactivated during bending of foreland)
Loutit, T.S., K.K. Romine & C.B. Foster (1997)- Sequence stratigraphy, petroleum exploration and A. cinctum.
APPEA J. 1997, p. 272-284.
Loutit, T.S., R.E. Summons, M.T. Bradshaw & J. Bradshaw (1996)- Petroleum systems of the North West Shelf,
Australia: how many are there? Proc. 25th Ann. Conv. Indonesian Petrol. Assoc., p. 437-452.
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July 2012
Loutit, T.S., R.E. Summons, M.T. Bradshaw & J. Bradshaw (1998)- The petroleum systems of the North West
Shelf, Australia. Proc. World Petrol. Congr., Actes et Documents 15, 2, p. 11-21.
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Metcalfe, I., R.S. Nicoll & R.J. Willink (2008)- Conodonts from the Permian- Triassic transition in Australia and
position of the Permian- Triassic boundary. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 55, p. 349-361.
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part of Kraeuselisporites saeptatus and Lunatisporites pellucidus Zones of W and E Australia, respectively)
Middleton, M.F. (1988)- Seismic atlas of the North West Shelf. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North West
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(Revised interpretation shows complete set of NE-SW trending anomalies from M26 (155 Ma) to M21 (150.4 Ma;
lineations oblique to N margin Exmouth Plateau, but more closely parallel J-K extension in rest of NW margin ?)
Mihut, D. & R.D. Muller (1998)- Volcanic margin formation and Mesozoic rift propagators in the Cuvier
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(Breakup between India and W margin of Australia started at ~136 Ma (M14; ~Valanginian- Hauterivian),
creating Gascoyne and Cuvier abyssal plains. This was followed by two rift propagation events that transfered
parts of Indian Plate to Australian plate)
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(Borehole breakouts, caused by compressional shear failure of wellbore wall, analyzed in 5 Timor Sea wells.
Breakouts mainly oriented SE-S-SE, hydraulic fractures mainly NE, consistent with NE-oriented maximum
horizontal stress)
Miyazaki, S. (1989)- Characterization of Australias oil fields by fluid and reservoir properties and conditions:
APEA J. 29, 1, p. 287-298.
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(online at: http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/documents/10.gsdrpt51.pdf)
(Permian of Carnarvon Basin dominated by marine to nearshore siliciclastics, up to 5000 m thick in Merlinleigh
sub-basin. Virtually uninterupted sequence. Mid-Permian break in deposition, spanning Microbaculispora trisina
to M. villosa Zones evident in wells on Peedamullah Shelf)
Mory, A.J. & G.M. Beere (1988)- Geology of the onshore Bonaparte and Ord basins in Western Australia.
Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Bull. 134, p.
Mory, A.J. & P.R. Dunn (1990)- Bonaparte, Canning, Ord and Officer basins; regional geology and
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Australia. Western Australia Geol. Surv. Report 46, p. 1-126.
Mory, A.J., J. Redfern & J.R. Martin (1996)- A review of Permian-Carboniferous glacial deposits in Western
Australia. Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 441, p. 29-40.
(Extensive ice sheet covered W Australia from at least Gzhelian to mid-Sakmarian. Younger glacially influenced
successions present in nearly all Phanerozoic basins in W Australia, typically lowermost glacial facies, middle
marine mudstone facies, and uppermost fluvial-deltaic strata)
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eastern Barrow Sub-basin: the role of low-stand deposition in new exploration concepts. The APPEA J. 43, 1, p.
231-255.
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Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: a proxy for variations in Oligocene to Pliocene global sea level? Palaios 19,
3, p. 206-226.
(Sequence biostratigraphic analyses from 5 wells in N Carnarvon Basin. Late Oligocene- M Miocene with
deeper-water benthic assemblages. Regional flooding event at start of M Miocene (climatic optimum, 1614.5
Ma), followed by karstification on shelf and incision on clinoform front. Transition to shallow-water, warm
facies on shelf in M and Late Miocene, with benthic fauna dominated by larger foraminifera, probably result of
progradation. Late Middle Miocene (12 Ma) intensification of development of gullies and submarine canyons)
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Muller, R.D., C. Gaina, A.A. Tikku et al. (2000)- Mesozoic/Cenozoic tectonic events around Australia. In: M.A.
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West and Northwest Australian margin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds) The Sedimentary Basins of Western
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(Revised model of Mesozoic continental breakup and sea-floor spreading in Perth, Cuvier, Gascoyne and Argo
abyssal plains. Sea-floor spreading in Gascoyne and Cuvier abyssal plains starts in E Valanginian. At AlbianCenomanian boundary (99 Ma) spreading direction between India- Australia changed from NW-SE to N-S.
Event at ~61 Ma in E Paleocene in Tasman Sea and SE Indian- Pacific oceans with change in spreading
direction. 99 Ma event resulted in renewed local extension, 61 Ma event may reflect elastic buckling of
lithosphere. Both events may have originated from stepwise subduction of Neo-Tethyan Ridge, first N of India at
99 Ma, then N of Australia at 61 Ma. NW Shelf accelerated subsidence, starting at ~20 Ma. Cannot be explained
by foreland basin loading, but likely result of complex evolution of compressive intraplate stresses following
breakup of Indo-Australian Plate into Indian, Australian and Capricorn plates)
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Terrace: constraints from seismic interpretation and geodynamic modeling. In: J. Gorter (ed.) The Sedimentary
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Nicoll R.S. (2002)- Conodont biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Triassic on the western, northwestern
and northern margins of the Australian Plate. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western
Australia 3, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 3; p. 167-177.
(In Triassic N margin of Gondwana opened onto Meso-Tethys Ocean. Continental margin was formed by Lhasa
and W Burma Blocks and New Guinea part of Australian Plate. Cratonic basins along future margin of
Australian Plate: Perth Basin in S, Bonaparte Basin and Triassic basins on Banda Arc islands. Only along N
margin of New Guinea and some islands of N Banda Arc did continental margin shelf areas open directly onto
Meso-Tethys Ocean. Triassic sediments deposited in tectonically controlled basins. Conodonts and other fossils
allow high-resolution correlation of sequences and events)
Nicoll, R.S. & C.B. Foster (1998)- Revised biostratigraphic (conodont-palynomorph) zonation of the Triassic of
Western and northwestern Australia and Timor. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western
Australia 2. Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp. 2, p. 129-139.
(Studies of relationships between conodont faunas and spore-pollen and dinocyst palynofloras from W Australian
margin and Timor have revised calibration of Australian Triassic palynomorph zones and stage terminology.
Wombat-Timor Trough (newly defined) is axis of sedimentation on NW Shelf in Triassic)
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Norvick, M.S. (2002)- Palaeogeographic maps of the northern margins of the Australian plate. Unpublished
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Norvick, M.S. (2003)- New paleogeographic maps of the Northern margin of the Australian Plate. 67p. + figs.
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fluid flow within Mesozoic and Tertiary sequences, offshore Bonaparte and northern Browse basins, NW
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(Discussion of hydrocarbon seepage in Ashmore Platform-Timor Sea region. Reefal growth in Timor Sea took
place almost exclusively over last 5 Myr. Majority of reefs and carbonate banks and build-ups associated with
active and palaeo-hydrocarbon seeps (built on small highs cretated by seep communities)
O'Brien, G.W., G.M. Lawrence, A.K. Williams, K. Glenn, A.G. Barrett et al. (2005)- Yampi Shelf, Browse
Basin, North-West Shelf, Australia: a test-bed for constraining hydrocarbon migration and seepage rates using
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compartmentalization of Australias North West Shelf: a primary control on basin-scale rift, depositional and
reactivation histories. APPEA J. 1999, p. 40-61.
OBrien, G.W., S. Sturrock & P. Barber (1996)- Vulcan Tertiary Tie (VTT) Basin Study, Vulcan Sub-basin,
Timor Sea, NW Australia. AGSO Record 1996/61, p.
OBrien, G.W. & E.P. Woods (1995)- Hydrocarbon-related diagenetic zones (HRDZs) in the Vulcan Subbasin,
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OBrien, P.E. & N. Christie-Blick (1992)- Glacially grooved surfaced in the Grant Group, Grant Range, Canning
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Page, R.W. & I.S. Williams (1988)- Age of the Barramundi orogeny in northern Australia by means of ion
microprobe and conventional U-Pb zircon studies. Precambrian Res. 40-41, p. 21-36.
(Barramundi event marks metamorphism of earliest Proterozoic basinal successions, linked to and followed by
extensive orogenic felsic magmatism. Leichhardt felsic magmatism dated as ~1865 Ma. Time of Yaringa
metamorphism established at ~1890 Ma (NB: detrital zircons of ~1880-1840 Ma in Mesozoic sediments of PNG,
etc., commonly ascribed to this widespread felsic volcanic event; HvG))
Palmer, N., P. Theologou, B.E. Korn & T. Munckton (2005)- The Wheatstone gas discovery: a case study of
Tithonian and Late Triassic fluvial reservoirs. APPEA J. 2005, p. 333-346.
(Dampier Basin gas field in Late Tithonian- Early Berriasian sands unconformably over Late Triassic sands)
Parry, J. C. & D.N. Smith (1988)- The Barrow and Exmouth sub-basins In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The North
West Shelf, Australia: Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth, p. 129-146.
Patillo, J. & P.J. Nicholls (1990)- A tectonostratigraphic framework for the Vulcan Graben, Timor Sea region.
APEA J. 1990, p. 27-51.
Pegum, D.M. (1997)- An introduction to the petroleum geology of the Northern Territory of Australia. Northern
Territory Golo. Survey, p. 1-47.
(online at: www.nt.gov.au/d/Minerals_Energy/Geoscience/Content/File/Pubs/IntroPetGeologyNT.pdf)
(Brief introduction to N Australia onshore and offshore (Bonaparte, Arafura, Carpenteria) basins)
Petrie, E. et al. (2002)- Oil and gas resources Australia 2001. Geoscience Australia, 245 p. (online at
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Petkovic, P., C.D.N. Collins & D.M. Finlayson (2000)- A crustal transect between Precambrian Australia and the
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Petkovic, P., C.D.N. Collins & D.M. Finlayson (2000)- Crustal structure across the Vulcan Sub-basin from
seismic refraction and gravity data. Exploration Geoph. 31, p. 287-294.
(Attenuated continental crust between Kimberley Block and Timor Trough hosts major oil and gas fields. Crustal
thickness varies between 25-30 km, greatest beneath Kimberley Block and Vulcan Sub-basin)
Pirrie, D, P. Doyle, J.D. Marshall & G. Ellis (1995)- Cool Cretaceous climates: new data from the Albian of
Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc., London, 152, p. 739-742.
(Oxygen isotopes of dimitobelid belemnites from Albian Gearle Siltstone, Carnarvon Basin, equate to mean
palaeotemperature of 10.1C, implying cool palaeoclimates during period of 'Greenhouse' Earth')
Playford, P.E. (1980)- Devonian Great Barrier Reef of Canning Basin, Western Australia. Am. Assoc. Petrol.
Geol. Bull. 64, p. 814-840.
(M-U Devonian barrier-reef belt exhumed as series of limestone ranges for 350 km along NE margin of Canning
basin. Developed as reef-fringed platforms standing 10s- 100s of m above surrounding seafloor. Platforms built
by stromatoporolds, algae, and corals in Givetian-Frasnian, and by algae in Famennian)
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Playford, P.E., R.M. Hocking & A.E. Cockbain (2009)- Devonian reef complexes of the Canning Basin, Western
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Powell, D.E. (1982)- The Northwest Australian continental margin. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London A305, 1489,
p. 45-62.
(NW Shelf of Australia typical `passive' continental margin. Pre-break-up Permian- M Jurassic rift valley and
intra-cratonic basins with thick fluvio-deltaic sediments with marine incursions. Break-up near end M Jurassic,
accompanied by large-scale block faulting with uplift and erosion. Late Jurassic- E Cretaceous marine sediments
transgressed over eroded surfac, with Callovian, late Oxfordian- Kimmeridgian, late Tithonian- early Cretaceous
marine incursions. Open marine conditions became widespread in Albian in S part of NW Shelf and Cenomanian
in N part. Thick prograding wedge of mainly carbonates since M Eocene resulted in NW regional tilt of Shelf.
Hydrocarbon occurrences related to source rocks in restricted basins)
Powell, T.S. & B.P. Luyendyk (1982)- The sea-floor spreading history of the eastern Indian Ocean. J. Marine
Geophys. Res. 5, 3, p. 225-247.
(E Indian Ocean between NW Australia and Java Trench two rifting/ sea-floor spreading events: Late Jurassic
in Argo Abyssal Plain followed by Early Cretaceous in Cuvier and Perth Abyssal Plains)
Powell, D.E. & S.J. Mills (1975)- Geological evolution and hydrocarbon prospects of contrasting continental
margin types, north-west Australia. In: Wiryosujono & A. Sudrajat (eds.) Regional Conference on the Geology
and Mineral Resources of Southeast Asia, Jakarta 1975, p. 77-101.
Power, M. (2008)- Miocene carbonate reef complexes in the Browse Basin and the implication for drilling
operations. APPEA J. 2008, p. 115-132.
Preston, J.C. & D.S. Edwards (2000)- The petroleum geochemistry of oils and source rocks from the northern
Bonaparte basin, offshore northern Australia. APPEA J. 40, 1, p. 257-282.
Pryer, L.L., K.K. Romine, T.S. Loutit & R.G. Barnes (2002)- Carnarvon Basin architecture and structure defined
by the integration of mineral and petroleum exploration tools and techniques, The APPEA J., 42, p. 287-309.
Redfern, J. & E. Millward (1994)- A review of the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Permo-Carboniferous
Grant Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia. W. Australia Basins Symposium, Perth, p. .
Redfern, J. & B.P.J. Williams (2002)- Canning Basin Grant Group glaciogenic sediments: part of the
Gondwanan Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon province. In: M. Keep & S.J. Moss (eds.) The sedimentary
basins of Western Australia 3, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Austr. Symposium, Perth 2002, p. 851- 871.
Riding, J.B. G.E.G. Westermann & D.P.F. Darbyshire (2010)- New evidence for the age of the Athol Formation
(Middle Jurassic; Bajocian) in the Tusk-1 and Tusk-2 wells, offshore Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia.
Alcheringa 34, 1, p. 21-35.
(Co-occurrence of ammonites (Pseudotoites robiginosus) with palynomorphs in Athol Fm of Tusk-1 and 2 wells,
off Carnarvon Basin, confirms E Bajocian age of Dissiliodinium caddaense dinoflagellate zone. Pseudotoites
prominent in E Bajocian of Indo-Pacific Realm (onshore W Australia, S Andes, rare in W New Guinea, also rare
in S Alaska). Athol Fm indicates E Bajocian marine transgression onto Australian block)
Robb, M.S, B. Taylor & A.M. Goodliffe (2005)- Re-examination of the magnetic lineations of the Gascoyne and
Cuvier Abyssal Plains, off NW Australia. Geophys. J. Int. 163, p. 42-55.
(Similar time of final continental breakup at middle Exmouth (M10N or M11) and Cuvier (M10N) margins)
Robinson, P. H. & K. B. McInerney (2004)- Permo-Triassic reservoir fairways of the Petrel Sub-basin, Timor
Sea. In: G.K. Ellis et al. (eds.) Timor Sea Symposium Darwin 2003, Northern Territory Geol. Surv, p. 295-312.
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Robinson, P.H., H.S. Stead, J.B. OReilly & N.K. Guppy (1994)- Meanders to fans: a sequence stratigraphic
approach to Upper Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous sedimentation in the Sahul Syncline, North Bonaparte Basin. In:
P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia, Perth
1994, p. 223-242.
Rohl, U., T. Dumont, U. Von Rad, R. Martini & L. Zaninetti (1991)- Upper Triassic Tethyan carbonates off
Northwest Australia (Wombat Plateau, ODP Leg 122). Facies 25, p. 211- 252.
(Wombat Plateau U. Carnian and Norian deltaics, overlain by Rhaetian reefal carbonates; carbonate foram
faunas closest affinity to Seram, also similarities with other regions like Europe)
Rohl, U., U. Von Rad & G.Wirsing (1992)- Microfacies, paleoenvironment, and facies-dependent carbonate
diagenesis in Upper Triassic platform carbonates off Northwest Australia. In: U. Von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.)
Proc. ODP Sci. Results 122, p. 129-159.
Rollet, N., G.A. Logan, J.M. Kennard, P.E. O'Brien, A.T. Jones & M. Sexton (2006)- Characterisation and
correlation of active hydrocarbon seepage using geophysical data sets: an example from the tropical, carbonate
Yampi Shelf, Northwest Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 23, 2, p. 145-164.
(First imaging of active hydrocarbon seepage in Australia, on the Yampi carbonate Shelf, in 50 and 90 m water.
Seepage evidenced by gas plumes in water column, hard-grounds, pockmark fields, and mounds)
Romine, K.K., J.M. Durrant, D.L. Cathro & G. Bernardel (1997)- Petroleum play element prediction for the
Cretaceous- Tertiary basin phase, Northern Carnarvon Basin. The APPEA J. 37, p. 315-339.
Rosleff-Soerensen, B., L. Reuning, S. Back & P. Kukla (2011)- Seismic geomorphology and growth architecture
of a Miocene barrier reef, Browse Basin, NW-Australia. Marine Petrol. Geol. 29, 1, p. 233-254.
(Browse Basin non-tropical carbonate ramp in Eocene- E Miocene, changing to tropical rimmed platform in
M Miocene. First reef structures in early M Miocene as narrow linear belts oblique to shelf strike direction.
Subsequent progradation forms barrier reef of >40 km. Three distinct ridges separated by progradational
steps. Second and third step separated by karst horizon, probably global sea-level fall near
Serravallian/Tortonian boundary. E Tortonian sea-level rise drowned barrier-reef system and subsequently
also patch reefs and relic atolls in platform interior. First reefs developed simultaneous to maximum transport
capacity of Indonesian Throughflow, reef drowning followed restriction of this seaway)
Ross, M.I. & P.R. Vail (1994)- Sequence stratigraphy of the lower Neocomian Barrow Delta, Exmouth Plateau,
northwestern Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. of the
Petroleum Exploration Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth 1994, p. 435-447.
Ryan, G.J., G. Bernardel, J.M. Kennard, A.T. Jones, G.A. Logan & N. Rollet (2009)- A pre-cursor extensive
Miocene reef system to the Rowley Shoals reefs, Western Australia: evidence for structural control of reef growth
or natural hydrocarbon seepage? APPEA J. 2009, p. 337-361.
(Numerous Miocene reefs and related carbonate buildups in Rowley Shoals region, NW Shelf, forming part of
>1,600 km Miocene reef tract, which extended N into Browse-Bonaparte basins and S to North West Cape in
Carnarvon Basin, comparable in length to modern Great Barrier Reef)
Sager, W.W., L.G. Fullerton, R.T. Buffler & D.W. Handschuhmacher (1992)- Argo Abyssal Plain lineatons
revisited: implications for the onset of seafloor spreading and tectonic evolution of the eastern Indian Ocean. In:
F.M. Gradstein et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), Sci. Res. 123, p. 659(Oldest magnetic anomalies of oldest oceanic crust of Argo Abyssal Plain variously interpreted as Late Jurassic
or Earliest Cretaceous (20 My different). Preferred model is Late Jurassic age, oldest lineament M26 (163 Ma,
~Callovian))
Sandiford, M. (2007)- The tilting continent: a new constraint on the dynamic topographic field from Australia.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261, p. 152-163.
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(N Australian margin broad shelf and Neogene record of stratal onlap. Southern shelf typically < 100 km wide
and record of progressive offlap with Neogene palaeo-shorelines hundreds of kilometres inland, at elevations
up to ~250 m above present-day sea level. This continental-scale reciprocal stratigraphy implies 250-300 m
N-down vertical motion with respect to sea level since M Miocene)
Sandiford, M., D. Coblentz & W.P. Schellart (2005)- Evaluating slab-plate coupling in the Indo-Australian
plate. Geology 33, 2, p: 113-116
(Seismicity in C Indian Ocean used to evaluate the extent of slab-plate coupling in Indo-Australian plate.
Effective slab pull is no more than ~10% of total negative buoyancy operating on subducting slab)
Sandiford, M., M Quigley, P De Broekert & S Jakica (2009)- Tectonic framework for the Cenozoic cratonic
basins of Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, p. 5-18.
(Variations in Cenozoic marine inundation of Australia point to tectonic regime involving three modes of
deformation. At longest wavelength continent has experienced SW-up/NE-down tilting of 300m towards
Indonesia-W Pacific subduction realm since Late Eocene. At intermediate wavelengths undulations of ~100 m
reflecting lithospheric buckling due to intraplate stress from plate-boundary forcing)
Sarti, M., A. Russo & F.R. Bosellini (1992)- Rhaetian strata, Wombat Plateau: analysis of fossil communities as a
key to paleoenvironmental change. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr., Sci. Res.
122, p. 181-195.
(Latest Triassic/ Rhaetian reefal carbonate buildups penetrated on Wombat Plateau. First colonization by
sponge-dominated community, followed by coral-dominated community with associated hydrozoans-tabulozoans
constituting main core of pinnacle reef complex, reflecting shallowing of environment of deposition. Rhaetian
pinnacle assemblage is low-energy, bank-margin 'reef complex')
Schuchert, C. (1932)- Upper Paleozoic glaciations of Australia. American J. Sci., Ser. 5, 23, p. 540-548.
Scibiorski, J.P., M. Micenko & D. Lockhart (2005)- Recent discoveries in the Pyrenees Member, Exmouth subbasin: a new oil play fairway. APPEA J. 2005, p. 233-252.
(S Exmouth oil fields in Latest Tithonian- E Berriasian P. iehiense zone lowstand sands in rotated fault blocks,
sourced by Late Jurassic Dingo claystone, sealed by intra-Hauterivian unconformity shales)
Scott, J. (1994)- Source rocks of West Australian basins- distribution, character and models. In P.G. & R.R.
Purcell (eds.) The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia, Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symp., Perth
1994, p. 141-158.
Shuster, M.W., S. Eaton, L.L. Wakefield & H.J. Kloosterman (1998)- Neogene tectonics, Greater Timor Sea,
offshore Australia: implications for trap risk. Australian Petrol. Prod. Exploration J. 38, p. 351-378.
Simons, F.J., A. Zielhuis & R.D. Van der Hilst (1999)- The deep structure of the Australian continent from
surface wave tomography. Lithos 48, p. 17-43.
(New model of variations of shear wave speed in Australian upper mantle. Slow wave propagation under
Paleozoic fold belts in E Australia. Speeds increase W across Proterozoic and reach maximum in Archean
cratons. High wave speeds associated with Precambrian shields extend beyond Tasman Line, which marks E
limit of Proterozoic outcrop, suggesting parts of Paleozoic fold belts underlain by Proterozoic lithosphere. N
Australia craton extends offshore into PNG and under Indian Ocean. Precambrian cratons without thick highspeed "keel" near passive margins, suggesting processes associated with continental break-up may have
destroyed once present tectosphere)
Simons, F. J. & R.D. Van der Hilst (2003)- Seismic and mechanical anisotropy and the past and present
deformation of the Australian lithosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 211, p. 271-286.
159
July 2012
Sircombe, K.N. & M.J. Freeman (1999)- Provenance of detrital zircons on the Western Australia coastlineimplications for the geologic history of the Perth basin and denudation of the Yilgarn craton. Geology 27, 10, p.
879-882.
(Detrital zircon samples from W Australia placer deposits dominated by Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozic
ages (little from nearby Archean Yilgarn craton). Dominant ages consistent with derivation from Proterozoic
orogens marginal to Yilgarn craton. Peaks around 550 Ma and ~680-700 Ma (Leeuwin Block/Pinjara orogenic
belt), ~1200 Ma (Albany-Fraser belt), ~2500-2700 (Yilgarn craton))
Skwarko, S.K. (ed.) (1993)- Palaeontology of the Permian of Western Australia. Geol. Survey Western
Australia Bull. 136, 417p.
(Mainly inventory of W Australian Permian fossils. Little stratigraphic detail. No comparisons to Timor faunas)
Smith, B.L. & R.B. Lawrence (1989)- Aspects of exploration and development, Vulcan sub-basin, Timor Sea.
APEA J. 29, p. 546-556.
Smith, M. R. & J.G. Ross (1986)- Petroleum potential of Northern Australian continental shelf. AAPG Bull. 70,
11, p. 1700-1712.
(Three prospective sedimentary sequences: Cenozoic with Miocene reefal carbonates, Mesozoic with thick
sandstone intervals and thick Paleozoic basin, possibly containing Devonian reefs and younger Paleozoic
sandstone intervals. Mesozoic basin prime target for exploration)
Smith, P.M. & N.D. Sutherland (1991)- Discovery of salt in the Vulcan Graben: geophysical and geological
evaluation. APEA J. 31, 1, p. 229-249.
(salt/ anhydrite in Paqualin, Swan diapyrs)
Smith, S.A. & P.R. Tingate (1999)- The structural development and petroleum potential of the Roebuck Basin.
APPEA J. 39, 1, p. 364-385
Song, T. & P.A. Cawood (2000)- Structural styles in the Perth Basin associated with the Mesozoic break-up of
Greater India and Australia. Tectonophysics 317, p. 55-72.
Spry, T.B. & I. Ward (1997)- The Gwydion discovery: a new play fairway in the Browse Basin. APPEA J. 37 ,1,
p. 87-104.
(3 gas, one oil-gas zone in Barremian- Albian sands on Yampi Shelf)
Stagg, H.M.J. (1978)- The geology and evolution of the Scott Plateau. The APEA J. 18, p. 34-43.
Stagg, H.M.J., M.B. Alcock, G. Bernardel, A.M.G. Moore, P.A. Symonds & N.F. Exon (2004)- Geological
framework of the Outer Exmouth Plateau and adjacent ocean basins. Geoscience Australia Record 2004/13, p.
Stagg, H.M.J. & J.B. Colwell (1994)- the structural foundations of the Northern Carnarvon Basin. In: P.G. &
R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary basins of Western Australia, Proc. of the Petroleum Exploration Soc.
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Stagg, H.M.J. & N.F. Exon (1981)- Geology of Scott Plateau and Rowley Terrace. BMR Austr. Geol. Geoph.
213, 67p.
Stagg, H.M.J., J.B. Willcox, P.A. Symonds, G.W. OBrien et al. (1999)-Architecture and evolution of the
Australian continental margin. AGSO J., 17, 5/6, p. 17-33.
Stein, A., K. Myers, C. Lewis et al. (1998)- Basement control and geoseismic definition of the Cornea discovery,
Browse Basin, Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds) The sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2,
Proc. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia Symposium, Perth, p. 421-431.
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Stephenson, A. E. & S.J. Cadman (1994)- Browse Basin, Northwest Australia: the evolution, palaeogeography
and petroleum potential of a passive continental margin. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim, Palaeoecol. 111, p. 337-366.
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Blanfordiceras (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) from Fortissimo-1 wildcat well, Browse basin, Northwest Shelf,
Australia. J. palaont. 85, 3, p. 551-554.
(First record in Australia of Latest Tithonian (146.5145.5 Ma) ammonite Blanfordiceras wallichi in core from
Upper swan Fm in well in Browse Basin, NW shelf. Associated microplankton had been identified as 'basal
Cretaceous' Pseudoceratium iehiense or overlying Kalyptea wisemaniae Zone)
Struckmeyer, H.I.M (ed.) Petroleum geology of the Arafura and Money Shoal Basins. Geoscience Australia,
Canberra, Report 2006/22.
Struckmeyer, H.I.M., J. E. Blevin, J. Sayers, J.M. Totterdell et al. (1998)- Structural evolution of the Browse
Basin, North West Shelf: new concepts from deep seismic data. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary
basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petroleum Expl. Soc. Australia, p. 345-367.
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Exmouth Plateau, Northwest Australia. In: B. Elishewitz (ed.) Proc. CCOP Heat Flow Workshop III, Bangkok
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Symonds, P.A., S. Planke, O. Frey & J. Skogseid (1998)- Volcanic evolution of the Western Australian
continental margin and its implications for basin development. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds.) The sedimentary
basins of Western Australia 2, Proc. Petr. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA) Symp., p. 33-54.
(2000km long- 500km wide volcanic province along NW Australian margin around times of continental breakup.
Oxfordian (150 Ma) in age in Argo abyssal plain in North, Valanginian (136 Ma) in age in Gascoyne, etc. in S)
Tandon, K., J.M. Lorenzo & G.W. O'Brien (2000)- Effective elastic thickness of the northern Australian
continental lithosphere subducting beneath the Banda orogen (Indonesia): inelastic failure at the start of
continental subduction. Tectonophysics 329, p. 39-60.
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Western Australia 26, p. 103-119.
(Oxfordian-Kimmeridgean faunal assemblages from artesian wells at Broome, W Australia, characterized by
pelecypod Buchia (= Malayomaorica; HvG) and belemnites of Belemnopsis gerardi group, demonstrating
presence of marine Late Jurassic between 950- 1,550. Notable similarities to Jurassic faunas of E Indonesia)
Teichert, C. (1941)- Upper Paleozoic of Western Australia: correlation and paleogeography. AAPG Bull. 25, 3, p.
371-415.
(Late Paleozoic in W Australia strats with glacial deposits, probably of Sakmarian- early Kungurian age (E
Permian). Permian glaciation of Australia was single major event with strongest refrigeration in Sakmarian.
Rich marine faunas arrived in Australia after climax of glaciation. Upper Paleozoic deposited in geosynclinal
trough, marginal to Pre-Cambrian shield and continuous with Timor geosyncline of East Indies. p. 405: Great
differences exist in composition of Late Paleozoic faunas of Timor (echinoderm-cephalopod facies) and W
Australia (brachiopod- bryozoan facies),no identical coral species, etc.)
Teichert, C. (1947)- Stratigraphy of Western Australia. AAPG Bull. 31, 1, p. 1-70.
Teichert, C. (1951)- The marine Permian faunas of Western Australia (an interim review). Palaeont. Zeitschrift
24, p. 76-90.
(Marine Permian faunas (~350 species) compared with Tethyan, E Australian and Gondwana faunas. W
Australian faunal province affinities with E Tethys (Salt Range, Timor) but dissimilar to E Australian province,
although some W Australian elements migrated into N (Queensland) and S (Tasmania) parts of E province)
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cratonic basins, Am. Assoc. Petrol Geol. Mem. 51, p. 709-725.
Thurow, J. (1988)- Sedimentology of the Argo and Gascoyne abyssal plains, NW Australia: Report on Ocean
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Northwestern Australia. In: F.M. Gradstein et al.(eds.) Proc. Ocean Drilling Progr., Sci. Res. 123, p. 89-106.
(online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/123_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr123_04.pdf
(Bentonites in Berriasian- Valanginian pelagic sediments on and around Wombat- Exmouth Plateau are altered
volcanic ash layers, and tied to continental breakup and rapid subsidence during 'juvenile ocean phase')
Tilbury, L., C.J. Clayton, T.J. Conroy, G. Philip, G.A. Boyd, G.A. Johnson et al. (2009)- Pluto- a major gas field
hidden beneath the continental slope. APPEA J. 2009, p. 243- 268.
(Pluto 2005 gas discovery in Carnarvon Basin in tilted fault block. Gross gas column 209m in Triassic
Mungaroo Fm sands and Tithonian sands, sealed by Cretaceous Forestier and Muderong Fm shales)
Tindale, K., N. Newell, J. Keall & N. Smith (1998)- Structural evolution and charge history of the Exmouth Subbasin, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell (eds) The sedimentary basins of
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sedimentary and fossil successions: current work and future prospects for marine and non-marine correlation.
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(Review of Jurassic stratigraphies and fossils across Australia)
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(Deep offshore Ashmore Reef 1 well and seismic in Timor Sea show of ~15,000m thick Phanerozoic sediments
in Bonaparte Gulf Basin. Stratigraphic similarity between Permian-early M Miocene of Carnarvon Basin,
Ashmore Reef area, and E Timor seems to indicate these areas consistently lay at edge of Australian continent)
Veevers, J.J. (ed.) (1984)- Phanerozoic earth history of Australia. Oxford Mon. Geol. Geophys. 2, Oxford Univ.
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(Major review of tectonic history of Australia and surrounding areas)
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(Permo-Carboniferous glaciation followed by Permian coals and E Triassic barren beds and redbeds, in E
deformed in M-Triassic. Coal deposition resumed in Late Triassic and tholeiite erupted in SE. After rifting, W
margin formed by the opening of Indian Ocean at 156 and 132 Ma. By 99 Ma mid-Cretaceous, S margin was
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Veevers J.J., P.J. Cook, T. Powell, H.A. Roeser et al. (1978)- The Argo abyssal plain. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 41,
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(Inception of seafloor spreading around Australai youngs in counter-clockwise sense from Late Jurassic (160
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and Tasman Basin, Paleocene (63.5 Ma) in Coral Sea and Pliocene (3.5 Ma) in Woodlark Basin)
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Claystone Fm)
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from the southern margin of Tethys. Geology 20, p. 551-555.
(Wombat Plateau Site 761 three unique Berriasian- Valnginian fining-upward units above breakup unconformity:
A- barren fine sand, B- fining upward very fine sand with belemnites, incl Belemnopsis cf jonkeri and
?Hibolithes, and C- calcisphere-nannofossil chalk with volcanic ash layers)
Von Rad, U. & N.F. Exon (1982)- Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic evolution of the starved passive
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(NW Australia in early Mesozoic time was passive margin of E Gondwana, facing S Tethys Sea. Wombat Plateau:
U Triassic synrift fluviodeltaic to carbonate platform deposits; earliest Jurassic platform drowning and early-rift
volcanism; Callovian-Oxfordian block faulting and formation of post-rift unconformity and ocean formation at
Argo Abyssal Plain; Berriasian rapid subsidence and condensed section of terrigenous littoral sands, belemniterich sandy muds and calcisphere-nannofossil chalks; Albian-Cenomanian gradual transition from hemipelagic to
pelagic conditions. C Exmouth Plateau, failed Late Jurassic breaku followed by uplift of southern hinterland,
erosion and N-ward progradation of Bemasian shelf-margin clastic wedge, overlain by condensed Valanginian
section, followed by late Valanginian-early Hauterivian final breakup between Australia and Greater India)
Von Rad, U., N.F. Exon & B.U. Haq (1992)- Rift-to-drift history of the Wombat Plateau, northwest Australia:
Triassic to Tertiary Leg 122 results. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 122, College Station, TX, p. 765800.
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Williamson, P.E., N.F. Exon, B.U. Haq, U. von Rad, S. O'Connell and Leg 122 Shipboard Scientific Party
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(Discusssion of Proterozoic assembly of tectonic blocks of Australia. N and W Australian cratonic assemblages
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Woods, E.P. (1998)- Extensional structures of the Jabiru Terrace, Vulcan sub-basin. In: P.G. & R.R. Purcell
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Wormald, G.B. (1988)- The geology of the Challis oilfield- Timor Sea, Australia. In: Petroleum in Australia: the
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Yeates, A.N. et al. (1987)- The Westralian Superbasin: an Australian link with Tethys. In: K.G. McKenzie (ed.)
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Sea (Timor Gap zone of cooperation). Proc. 24th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1995, p. 21Young, L.F., T.M. Schmedje & W.F. Muir (1995)- The Elang oil discovery establishes a new oil province in
Eastern Timor Sea (Timor Gap ZOCA). APEA J. 35, 1, p. 44-64.
Zaninetti, L., R. Martini & T. Dumont (1992)- Triassic foraminifers from sites 761 and 764, Wombat Plateau,
Northwest Australia. In: U. von Rad, B.U. Haq et al. (eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Results 122, p. 427-436.
(Late Norian- Rhaetian forams from Wombat Plateau reefal platform carbonates)
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bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western
Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Sydney 61, p. 1-30.
(Discovery of Serratognathus bilobatus in E Ordovician Emanuel Fm of Canning Basin indicates biogeographic
link between Australia and E Gondwanan plates in E Ordovician and formation of 'Australasian Province'. S.
bilobatus fauna from Canning Basin is more diverse than coeval Chinese Lower Ordovician successions and
probably represents assemblage inhabiting relatively deeper water (mid-outer shelf) facies. E Ordovician
paleobiogeographic reconstruction shows E Gondwana shows Australia- New Guinea in equatorial position)
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IX.8. Australia NE margin ('Tasmanides')

Adams, C. & R. Korsch (2010)- Crossing the Tasman: tracking Torlesse Terrane rocks from New Zealand into
the New England Orogen. 20th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia,
Abstracts 98, p. 71-72. (Abstract only)
(New Zealand Torlesse Supergroup extensive Permian-Cretaceous accretionary wedge of quartzose greywacke
turbidites. Provenances continentderived, plutonic rock, best match with Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic
sources in New England Orogen, with some Cambrian and Ordovician. Jurassic-Cretaceous ages dominant in
North Island, Late Permian-Triassic in South Island. Oldest horizons close to S-most edge of terrane, with
slivers with Late Carboniferous limestone, probably oceanic seamount and pelagic seafloor assemblages upon
which Torlesse was later deposited. Oldest Torlesse records M Permian initiation (~270 Ma) of major Late
PermianTriassic accretionary phase, supplied by erosion of contemporaneous magmatic arcs in E Australia)
Aitchison, J. (1990)- Significance of Devonian-Carboniferous radiolarians from accretionary terranes of the
New England orogen, eastern Australia. Marine Micropal. 15, p. 365-378.
(Radiolarians provide age constraints for terranes in New England tectonic collage along E margin of
Australia. Djungati terrane two siliceous sediment lithofacies: M Silurian- Late Devonian ocean-floor red,
ribbon-bedded cherts and latest Devonian green tuffaceous cherts. Anaiwan terrane with latest Devonian and E
Carboniferous radiolarians in cherts and tuffaceous siltstones. Yarrimie Fm of Gamilaroi terrane with Late
Devonian (Frasnian) radiolarians and allochthonous blocks of limestone with Givetian conodonts and corals)
Aitchison, J., M.C. Blake, P.G. Flood & A.S. Jayko (1994)- Paleozoic ophiolite assemblages within the
southern New England Orogen of eastern Australia: implications for the growth of the Gondwana margin.
Tectonics, 13, 1135-1149.
(Narrow belt of E Cambrian ophiolite crops out near Peel- Manning Fault System, juxtaposed against younger
arc and subduction complex terranes. May represent portions of Lachlan Fold Belt basement. M-L Devonian
ophiolitic rocks in Yarras Complex comprise basement to Birpai subterrane and represent crustal cross section
through rifted island arc. Periodic accretion of island arc systems to E margin of Gondwana suggests multiple
phases of subduction with possibility of polarity reversals throughout the history of accretion)
Aitchison, J.C., G.L. Clarke, S. Meffre & D. Cluzel (1995)- Eocene arc-continent collision in New Caledonia
and implications for regional Southwest Pacific tectonic evolution. Geology 23, 2, p. 161-164.
(New Caledonia four tectonic phases: (1) early Mesozoic development of subduction-related terranes and their
accretion to Gondwana margin; (2) Cretaceous passive margin development and sea-floor spreading during
Gondwana breakup; (3) foundering of oceanic basin and Eocene arrival of thinned Gondwana margin crust at
SW-facing subduction zone, resulting in orogenesis and obduction of ophiolitic nappe from NE; (4) detachment
faulting during extensional collapse, resulting in unroofing of metamorphic core complexes. Last phase
explains supposedly anomalous metamorphic gradients in NE of island)
Aitchison, J.C., A.M. Davis, J.M.C. Stratford & F.C.P. Spiller (1999)- Lower and Middle Devonian radiolarian
biozonation of the Gamilaroi Terrane New England Orogen, Eastern Australia. Micropaleontology 45, 2, p.
138-162.
(Seven uppermost Lower to M Devonian radiolarian assemblages in Gamilaroi terrane of E Australia.
Gamilaroi terrane sedimentation occurred during Early (Pragian) to Late (Frasnian) Devonian in volcanic
island arc environment with abundant radiolarians. Assemblages are dominated by spumellarians)
Aitchison, J.C. & P.G. Flood (1992)- Early Permian transform margin development of the southern New
England Orogen, eastern Australia (eastern Gondwana). Tectonics 11, 6, p. 1385-1391.
(S New England orogen evolved from zone of high-angle plate convergence during Carboniferous, into either
transform margin or highly oblique-convergent margin by E Permian)
Aitchison, J.C. & P.G. Flood (1992)- Implications of radiolarian research for analysis of subduction complex
terranes in the New England Orogen, NSW, Australia. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 96, p. 89-102.
166
July 2012
Aitchison, J.C. & P.G. Flood (1994)- Gamilaroi Terrane: a Devonian rifted intra-oceanic island-arc assemblage,
NSW, Australia. In: J.L. Smellie (ed.) Volcanism associated with extension at consuming plate margins, Geol.
(Devonian Gamilaroi terrane of New England orogen is intra-oceanic island arc, with local rifting. Oceanic
crust between Gamilaroi terrane and Gondwana subducted E-wards under W margin of Gamilaroi terrane arc.
Gamilaroi terrane obducted onto Gondwana margin in latest Devonian, resulting in subduction flip and
subsequent development of E-facing continental margin arc system on top of Gamilaroi terrane)
Aitchison, J.C., P.G. Flood & F.C.P. Spiller (1992)- Tectonic setting and paleoenvironment of terranes in the
southern New England orogen, eastern Australia as constrained by radiolarian biostratigraphy. Palaeogeogr.,
(Radiolarians abundant in Gamilaroi, Djungati and Anaiwan terranes of New England orogen in E Australia.
Oldest rocks of Gamilaroi terrane probably Devonian, part of intra-oceanic island arc succession which
accreted to E margin of Australia at end of Devonian. Overlain by Carboniferous, continental arc sequence of
successor basin. Djungati terrane was part of oceanic basin in M Silurian- Late Devonian, influenced by
volcanic island arc activity and tectonically disrupted in latest Devonian- E Carboniferous)
Aitchison J.C., & T.R. Ireland (1995)- Age profile of ophiolitic rocks across the Late Palaeozoic New England
Orogen, New South Wales: implications for tectonic models. Australian J. Earth Sci. 42, p. 11-23.
Allen, C.M., I.S. Williams, , C.J. Stephens, & C.R. Fielding (1998)- Granite genesis and basin formation in an
extensional setting: the magmatic history of the northernmost New England Orogen. Australian J. Earth Sci. 45,
p. 875-888
Arnold, G.O. & J.F. Faulkner (1980)- The Broken River and Hodgkinson Provinces. In: R.A. Henderson & P.J.
Stephenson (eds.) The geology and geophysics of Northeastern Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland
Division, Brisbane, p. 175-189.
Bain, J.H.C. & J.J. Draper (1997)- North Queensland Geology. Australian Geol. Survey Org. Bull. 240 and
Queensland Dept. Mines and Energy Queensland Geology 9, p. .
Baker, J.C., C.R. Fielding, P. de Caritat & M.M. Wilkinson, (1993)- Permian evolution of sandstone
composition in a complex back-arc extensional to foreland basin: the Bowen Basin, eastern Australia. J. Sedim.
Petrol. 63, p. 881-893.
Belousova, E.A., W.L. Griffin, S.R. Shee, S.E. Jackson & S.Y. O'Reilly (2001)- Two age populations of zircons
from the Timber Creek kimberlites, Northern Territory, as determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS analysis.
Austral. J. Earth Sci. 48, p. 757-765.
(Two populations of kimberlitic zircon in Timber Creek kimberlites, N Territory: 1483 15 Ma for main group
(inherited) and 179 2 Ma (E Jurassic emplacement age))
Black, L.P., R.J. Bultitude, S.S.Sun, J. Knutson & R.S. Blewett (1992)- Emplacement ages of granitic rocks in
the Coen Inlier (Cape York): implications for local geological and regional correlation: BMR J. Austral. Geol.
Geoph. 13, p. 191-200.
Blewett, R.S. & L.P. Black (1998)- Structural and temporal framework of the Coen Region, north Queensland:
implications for major tectonothermal events in east and north Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 45, p. 597-609.
(Coen Region Proterozoic (Yambo, Savannah) and Paleozoic (Pama, Kennedy) Provinces. N Queensland two
major crustforming periods: Proterozoic (1800-1550 Ma) and Paleozoic (430-280 Ma), with intervening 1000
million years of quiescence interrupted by minor Grenvilleage modification (1300-1000 Ma). Coen Region
intraplate, with platemargin processes further E)
Boger, S.D. & D. Hansen (2004)- Metamorphic evolution of the Georgetown Inlier, northeast Queensland,
Australia; evidence for an accreted Palaeoproterozoic terrane? J. Metamorphic Geol. 22, p. 511-527.
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(Georgetown Inlier, NE Australia, two separate metamorphic events: (1) contemporaneously with Palaeo- to
Mesoproterozoic orogenesis; (2) thermal overprint with emplacement of Forsayth Batholith (c. 1550 Ma))
Brakel, A.T., J.M. Totterdell, A.T. Wells & M.G. Nicoll (2009)- Sequence stratigraphy and fill history of the
Bowen Basin, Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 401-432.
(Regional seismic synthesis of 10 km-thick continental-shallow marine succession of Bowen Basin revealed 3
basin-fill episodes and 9 depositional supersequences. (A:) E Permian volcanics and half-graben development
in separate troughs with fluvio-lacustrine sediments including coal. In subsequent thermal subsidence phase,
four marine supersequences (B-E) were generated. Foreland loading in Late Permian-Triassic, with pulses of
thrust loading and 4 supersequences (F-I). Later part of F mainly non-marine coal measures. Foreland-loading
phase greatest rate of subsidence since initial rift, but little evidence of widespread marine flooding)
Bruce, M.C. & Y.L. Niu (2000)- Early Permian supra-subduction assemblage of the South Island terrane, Percy
Isles, New England Fold Belt, Queensland. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, p. 1077-1086.
(South Island of Percy Isles off Queensland dominated by serpentinised ultramafic rocks. E Permian age (~277
Ma) of calc-alkaline, intermediate volcanics and granitoids from South Island terrane similar to that of Gympie
terrane (270-280 Ma) and Berserker terrane of C-E Queensland and may represent different sections of same
oceanic arc)
Bruce, M.C, Y. Niu, T.A. Harbort & R.J. Holcombe (2000)- Petrological, geochemical and geochronological
evidence for a Neoproterozoic ocean basin recorded in the Marlborough terrane of the northern New England
Fold Belt. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, p. 1053-1064.
(Marlborough Terrane largest (~700km2) ultramafic-mafic complex in E Australia. Terrane is near-horizontal,
out-of-sequence thin-skinned nappe sheet and has sea-floor spreading centre origin. Crystallisation age of ~562
Ma suggests Late Neoproterozoic ocean basin. New England Fold Belt may have developed on oceanic crust,
following oceanward migration of subduction zone at ~540 Ma)
Bryan, S.E. (2007)- Silicic large igneous provinces. Episodes 30, 1, p. 20-31.
(online at: http://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/301/20-31%20Bryan.pdf)
(Review of Large Igneous Provinces, including Cretaceous (~132-95 Ma; Aptian-Albian) Whitsunday and Late
Carboniferous- Early Permian (~320-280 Ma) Kennedy-Connors-Auburn Group from NE margin of Australia)
Bryan, S.E., A.E. Constantine, C.J. Stephens, A. Ewart, R.W. Schon & J. Parianos (1997)- Early Cretaceous
volcano-sedimentary successions along the eastern Australian continental margin: implications for the break-up
of eastern Gondwana. Earth Planet. Sci.Lett. 153, p. 85-102.
(Two large E Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary provinces in NE Australia (Whitsunday and Great Artesian
Basin), and one in SE (Otway/Gippsland). Whitsunday VP part of mafic-silicic, high-K calc-alkaline pyroclastic
volcanic belt that extends for >900 km along C and S Queensland coast. Ages 132-95 Ma, but main event
between 120-105 Ma (Albian). Represents volcanism related to rifting/ break-up of E Gondwana margin)
Bryan, S.E., A. Ewart, C.J. Stephens, J. Parianos & P.J. Downes (2000)- The Whitsunday Volcanic Province,
Central Queensland, Australia: lithological and stratigraphic investigations of a silicic-dominated large igneous
province. J. Volcan. Geothermal Res. 99, p. 55-78.
(Silicic-dominated Whitsunday Volcanic Province of NE Australia, dominated by dacitic to rhyolitic ignimbrite,
related to break-up of E continental Gondwana and source of of coeval volcanogenic sediment in adjacent
basins. Volcanic sequences intruded by gabbro/dolerite to rhyolite dykes, sills and comagmatic granite)
Bryan, S.E., R.J. Holcombe, & C.R. Fielding (2001)- The Yarrol terrane of the northern New England Fold
Belt: fore-arc or back-arc? Austral. J. Earth Sci. 48, p. 293-316.
(Question classical forearc model for Yarrol Basin of N New England Fold Belt)
Bryan, S.E., R.J. Holcombe, & C.R. Fielding (2003)- Reply- The Yarrol terrane of the northern New England
Fold Belt: fore-arc or back-arc? Discussion and Reply. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 50, p. 278-293.
(Reply to critical discussion by Murray, Blake et al. (2003) of Bryan et al. (2001) paper)
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Bultitude, R.J. & D.C. Champion (1992)- Granites of the eastern Hodgkinson Province: their field and
petrographic characteristics. Dept. of Resource Industries, Queensland, p. 1-202.
Bultitude, R.J., P.J. Donchak, J. Domagala & B.G. Fordham (1993)- The Pre-Mesozoic stratigraphy and
structure of the western Hodgkinson Province and environs. Geological Survey of Queensland, Record 1993/29,
p. 1-259.
(Detailed report on Ordovician- Carboniferous stratigraphy of Hodgkinson Province. Ordovician-Silurian
limestone-dominated. Devoniian turbidite-dominated Chilligoe and Hodgkinson Fms until Late Devonian
(Famennian) when E-directed thrusting halted deep-water sedimentation. Area effectively cratonised by
numerous Late Carboniferous- E Permian(~320- 275 Ma) granite plutons and subaerial volcanic sequences
(part of N Queensland Volcanic-Plutonic Province). M Jurassic-E Cretaceous fluvial- shallow-marine
quartzose sands and gravels deposited in W part of region)
Bultitude, R.J., P.J. Donchak, J. Domagala, B.G. Fordham & D.C. Champion (1990)- Geology and tectonics of
the Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland. In: Proc. 1990 Pacific Rim Congr., Gold Coast 1990, Australasian
Inst. Min. Metall. 3, p. 75-81.
(Hodgkinson Province is N part of Tasman Orogen, with extensive outcrops of Silurian-Devonian in
Queensland. Siliciclastic turbidites dominant, with common mafic volcanics and fossiliferous limestones near W
margin. Complex deformational history, numerous thrust faults. Up to five major deformational events, mostly
in E-M Carboniferous, pre-dating Late Carboniferous- Late Permian granites. Dominant NNW-NW oriented
cleavage pre-dates deposition of M Jurassic- E Cretaceous sediments of Laura Basin. Late Permian- E Triassic
deformational event?)
Bultitude, R.J., P.D.Garrad, P.J.T.Donchak, J. Domagala, D.C. Champion, I.D. Rees et al. (1997)- Cairns
Region. In: J.H.C. Bain & J.J. Draper (eds.) North Queensland Geology, Chapter 7, AGSO Bull. 240, p. 225325.
Burrow, C.J., S. Turner & G.C. Young (2010)- Middle Palaeozoic microvertebrate assemblages and
biogeography of East Gondwana (Australasia, Antarctica). Palaeoworld 19, p. 37-54.
(On Silurian- Carboniferous fish remains from Australia and links to other regions)
Campbell, L.M., R.J. Holcombe & C.R. Fielding (1999)- The Esk Basin- a Triassic foreland basin within the
northern New England Orogen. In: P.G. Flood (ed.) Regional geology, tectonics and metallogenesis, New
England Orogen, NEO 99, University of New England, Armidale 1999, p. 275-284.
(Evolutionary history of Esk Basin redefined as consisting of E Permian phase of extension, M-Permian passive
thermal subsidence and latest PermianE Triassic foreland loading, paralleling tectonic evolution of Bowen
Basin. Esk Basin developed in depocentre on SE margin of larger Bowen Basin and likely contiguous with it.
Continental volcanic-arc active in E-M Triassic in SE Queensland, during hiatus in deformation. Hunter-Bowen
Orogeny produced exposed fold-thrust highland by E Triassic arc magmatism migrated W onto continent, and
that terminal thrusting of orogenic event occurred prior to end of M Triassic)
Caprarelli, G. & E.C. Leitch (1998)- Magmatic changes during the stabilisation of a cordilleran fold belt: the Late
CarboniferousTriassic igneous history of eastern New South Wales, Australia. Lithos 45, p. 413-430.
(Between Late Carboniferous and Late Permian, magmatic arc in New England Fold Belt in NE NSW shifted Eward and changed in trend from NNW to N. Devonian-Late Carboniferous arc located in W of Fold Belt, Late
Permian-Triassic mainly in earlier forearc. Growth of younger arc accompanied by compressional deformation
that stabilised New England Fold Belt. During transition two suites of S-type granitoids: Hillgrove at ~305 Ma
during compressional and regional metamorphism episode and Bundarra at ~280 Ma during late extensional
episode. Termination of earlier arc resulted from shallow breakoff of downgoing plate)
Cawood, P.A. (1982)- Structural relations in the subduction complex of the Paleozoic New England fold belt,
Eastern Australia. The J. Geology 90, p. 381-392.
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Cawood, P.A. (1984)- The development of the SW Pacific margin of Gondwana: correlations between the
Rangitata and New England orogens. Tectonics 3, 5, p. 539-553.
(Prior to formation of Tasman Sea, Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic Rangitata Orogen of New Zealand and New
Caledonia abutted New England Orogen of E Australia. Similar Permian-Cretaceous igneous and deformational
events in two orogens: (1) termination of arc volcanism and widespread sedimentation in New England, together
with onset of regional deformation and crustal anatexis synchronous with start of volcanism and sedimentation in
Rangitata Orogen; (2) E Permian andesitic volcanism in E New England is along-strike extension of Brook Street
terrane of New Zealand; (3) Late Permian regional deformation in New England coincides with break in
subduction- related igneous activity in New England and Rangitata Orogens and shift in locus of activity; (4)
Late Permian-Triassic calc-alkaline igneous activity in New England correlates with pyroclastic material in
forearc basin of Rangitata Orogen; (5) cessation of plutonism in New England corresponds with start of Esk
Head Melange in New Zealand and probable commencement of juxtaposition of Te Anau and Alpine Assemblage;
(6) Late Cretaceous epizonal plutons in New England Orogen similar to final Rangitata orogenesis, both
marking initial rifting associated with formation of Tasman Sea)
Cawood, P.A. (2005)- Terra Australis orogen: Rodinia breakup and development of the Pacific and Iapetus
margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic. Earth-Science Rev. 69, p. 249-279.
Cawood, P.A. & G. Buchan (2007)- Linking accretionary orogenesis with supercontinent assembly. EarthScience Rev. 82, p. 217256
Cawood, P.A. & R.J. Korsch (2008)- Assembling Australia: Proterozoic building of a continent. Precambrian
Res. 166, p. 1-35.
Cawood, P.A. & E.C. Leitch (1984)- Accretion and dispersal tectonics of the southern New England foldbelt,
Eastern Australia. In: D.G. Howell (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Circum-Pacific region, Circum
Pacicific Council Energy Min. Res., Earth Sci. Ser. 1, p. 481-492.
Cawood, P.A., E.C. Leitch, R.E. Merle & A.A. Nemchin (2010)- Earliest Permian noncollisional orogeny and
basin formation in the southern New England fold belt sector of the Terra Australis Orogen. 20th Australian
Geological Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 70 (Abstract only)
(Tablelands Orogeny major tectonothermal event around Carboniferous-Permian boundary, between 305-295
Ma, with HT/LP metamorphism, ending long-lived subductionrelated magmatic arc activity in W New
England. Followed by development of new E Permian arc (Stype granites) and contemporaneous extensional
basins on accretionary complex of older arc system. Major stratigraphic break in Tamworth Belt in latest
Carboniferous, with removal of several 1000m of M Devonian- Carboniferous strata before E Permian)
Cawood, P.A., E.C. Leitch, R.E. Merle & A.A. Nemchin (2011)- Orogenesis without collision: stabilizing the
Terra Australis accretionary orogen, eastern Australia. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 123, 11-12, p. 2240-2255.
(Convergent margin magmatism along W margin of New England foldbelt ended latest Carboniferous (~305
Ma), followed by short pulse of compressional deformation/ metamorphism. Followed by onset of clastic
sedimentation and local calc-alkaline volcanism, dated at 293 Ma in extensional Barnard Basin. Emplacement
of S-type granites with high-T metamorphism at 296-288 Ma. Hunter-Bowen orogenic phase regional
deformation/ metamorphism at ~265-260 Ma, associated with I-type plutonism and volcanic activity in New
England that ceased around 230 Ma, marking end of Gondwanide orogenesis. No evidence that deformation
was related to collision with major lithospheric mass. Widespread development of extensional basins in E third
of Australia in E Permian indicates controls acting on continental scale, probably changing plate kinematics)
Cawood, P.A., S.A. Pisarevsky & E.C. Leitch (2011)- Unraveling the New England orocline, east Gondwana
accretionary margin. Tectonics 30, TC5002, p.
(New England orocline developed during Late Paleozoic- early Mesozoic Gondwanide Orogeny (310230 Ma),
which deformed pre-Permian arc assemblage (W magmatic arc, adjoining forearc basin and E subduction
complex). Buckling of arc system about vertical axis during N-ward translation of S segment of arc system
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against N segment, which is pinned relative to cratonic Gondwana. Timing of final stage of orocline formation
(270-265 Ma; ~ M Permian) overlaps with major gap in magmatic activity)
Champion, D.C. & R.J. Bultitude (1994)- Granites of the eastern Hodgkinson Province. II. their geochemical
and Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics and implications for petrogenesis and crustal structure in north Queensland.
Queensland Geological record, Dept. of Minerals and Energy, Queensland, p. 1-113.
Champion, D.C. & R.J. Bultitude (2003)- Granites of North Queensland. In: P. Blevin et al (eds.) The Ishihara
Symposium: Granites and associated metallogenesis, Macquarie University, Geoscience Australia Record
2003/14, p. 19-23.
(online at: www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA3675.pdf)
(North Queensland major episodes of granite formation in Mesoproterozoic (~1550 Ma), Cambrian-Ordovician
(~480-460 Ma; Macrossan Igneous Province, Silurian- Devonian (~430-380 Ma; Pama Igneous Province), and
Carboniferous- Late Permian (~ 330-260 Ma; Kennedy Igneous Province; most voluminous, 3 age subgroups)
Chappell, B.W. (1994)- Lachlan and New England: fold belts of contrasting magmatic and tectonic
development. J. and Proc. Royal Soc. New South Wales 127, p. 47-59.
Chaproniere, G.C.H., C.J. Pigram, P.A. Symonds & P.J. Davies (1990)- The Northeast Australian margin and
adjacent areas- a biostratigraphic review and geohistory analysis. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geoph., Record 1990/7, p.
1-30.
(online (without plates) at: http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA13885.pdf)
(Review of M Eocene- Recent biostratigraphy of NE Australian offshore wells in SE Papuan and Capricorn/ S
Great Barrier Reef Basins, DSDP Sites in Coral Sea Basin and Lord Howe Rise and dredge samples. Anchor Cay
1 well with Late Eocene Pellatispira. Early Oligocene unconformity in most S Papuan/ Capricorn wells)
Collins, W.J. & S.W. Richards (2008)- Geodynamic significance of post-collisional S-type granites in circumPacific orogens. Geology 36, p. 559-562.
(Delamerian, Lachlan and New England orogens characterized by tripartite associations of (1) belts of S-type
granite and associated high T-low P metamorphic complexes, (2) outboard oceanic arc sequences, remnants of
which are preserved as greenstones, and (3) intervening, slightly younger back-arc basins into which I-type
plutons are emplaced. Four tripartite associations: M Cambrian, Cambrian-Ordovician, Silurian and
Carboniferous, each representing distinct phase of arc retreat, magmatism, and back-arc rifting that followed
major compressive event associated with closure of precursor back-arc basin)
Coney, P.J. (1992)- The Lachlan belt of eastern Australia and Circum-Pacific tectonic evolution. Tectonophysics
214, p. 1-25.
(Pacific Ocean basin remarkable permanency through Phanerozoic, with accretionary continental margin
orogens showing little evidence of continental collisions (unlike Circum-Atlantic and Tethyan realms). Through
Paleozoic- E Mesozoic South America, Antarctica, and Australia were joined along SE, S and SW margins of
Pacific Ocean, with Pacific margin orogenic system extending for 20,000 km from NW South America to NE
Australia. Lachlan Fold Belt E Paleozoic deep-marine turbiditic facies common along margin, often directly
juxtaposed against cratonic interior. Prolonged histories of Late Precambrian- Late Cambrian, then E SilurianE Mesozoic convergent to transpressive and accretionary tectonics, often accompanied by magmatism)
Coney, P.J., A. Edwards, R. Hine, F. Morrison & D. Windrum (1990)- The regional tectonics of the Tasman
orogenic system, Eastern Australia. J. Struct. Geol. 12, p. 519-543.
(Tectonic evolution of Tasman orogen four main phases: (1) late Proterozoic- E Paleozoic, generally deepmarine turbiditic sedimentation submarine volcanism, and shifting deformation, metamorphism and plutonism;
(2) major mid-Paleozoic deformation, volcanism and plutonism; (3) major accretionary phase in outer New
England belt of terranes that culminated in Late Paleozoic and continuing into E Mesozoic; (4) extensional
break-up of Gondwanaland in Cretaceous, continuing to present)
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Craven, S.J., N.R. Daczko & J.A. Halpin (2012)- Thermal gradient and timing of high-T-low-P metamorphism
in the Wongwibinda Metamorphic Complex, southern New England Orogen, Australia. J. Metamorphic Geol.
30, p. 3-20. (online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2011.00949.x/pdf)
(Wongwibinda high T- low P Metamorphic Complex in S New England Orogen (variably metamorphosed
Devonian-Carboniferous turbidites, intruded by granodiorite/granitoids). Overall increase in metamorphic
grade from W to E. Age peak metamorphism ~297 Ma. Zircon U-Pb crystallization age in granodiorite 290.5
Ma, suggesting confirming pluton emplacement post-dates peak HTLP metamorphism (both earliest Permian))
Crawford, A.J., S. Meffre & P.A. Symonds (2003)- 120 to 0 Ma tectonic evolution of the southwest Pacific and
analogous geological evolution of the 600 to 220 Ma Tasman Fold Belt System. Geol. Soc. Australia Spec.
Publ. 22, p. 377-397. (or Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 372, p. 383-403).
(Elongate microcontinental ribbons (Lord Howe Rise, Norfolk-New Caledonia Ridge) calved off E Australia
during ~120-52 Ma extension, with oceanic crust formation from 85-52 Ma, producing Tasman Sea and S
Loyalty Basin. Change in Pacific plate motion at ~55 Ma initiated E-directed subduction along recently extinct
spreading centre in S Loyalty Basin. Subduction of S Loyalty Basin crust led to arrival at ~38 Ma of 70-60 My
old Norfolk Ridge volcanic passive margin at trench, and W-directed emplacement of New Caledonia ophiolite.
After locking of subduction zone at 38-34 Ma, subduction jumped E to form new W-dipping subduction zone
and Vitiaz arc. Arc splitting episodes fragmented Vitiaz arc to form S Fiji (31-25 Ma) and N Fiji Basins (10
Ma- present). Collision of Ontong Java Plateau with Solomons section of Vitiaz arc resulted in reversal of
subduction polarity, and growth of Vanuatu arc. Continued rollback of trench fronting Tonga arc since 6 Ma
split this arc to form Lau Basin-Havre Trough. SW Pacific style of crustal growth above rolling-back slab
applied to Tasman Fold Belt)
Crouch, S.B.S. (1999)- Geology, tectonic setting and metallogenesis of the Berserker subprovince, northern New
England Orogen. Queensland Government Mining J. 100, p. 6-14.
(Glen 2005: Early Permian volcanics, erupted in back-arc or intra-arc setting)
Davies, P.J., J.A. McKenzie, A. Palmer-Julson et al. (1991)- Introduction. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP),
Init. Repts. 133, College Station, p. 5-30.
(online at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/133_IR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/ir133_01.pdf)
(With cross-sections of Queensland and Townsville Troughs)
Davies, P.J., P.A. Symonds, D.A. Feary & C.J. Pigram (1988)- Facies models in exploration- the carbonate
platforms of northeast Australia. APEA J. 28, p. 123-143.
Davies, P.J., P.A. Symonds, D.A. Feary & C.J. Pigram (1989)- The evolution of the carbonate platforms of
northeast Australia. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 44, p. 233-258.
Davis, B.K., C.C. Bell & M. Lindsay (2002)- A single late orogenic Permian episode of gold mineralization in
the Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland, Australia. Economic Geol. 97, 2, p. 311-323.
(Quartz-hosted gold deposits in Hodgkinson province widely distributed, emplaced during the waning stages of
D 4, main contractional phase of Permian-Triassic Hunter-Bowen orogeny, associated syn-D 4 Whypalla
supersuite, indicating mineralization in E Permian or later)
Davis, B.K., R.A. Henderson & R.J. Bultitude (1998)- Evidence for a major crustal dislocation in the
Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 45,6, p. 937-942.
(Late Paleozoic granites intruding multiply deformed SilurianDevonian strata of Hodgkinson Province, N
Queensland, display pronounced WNW-ESE orientations, reflecting zone of structuring during postD2
regional deformation and reactivated in HunterBowen Orogeny (D4), with overall sinistral displacement)
Davis, B.K., R.A. Henderson & R.Wysoczanski (1998)- Timing of granite emplacement under conditions of
low strain in the northern Tasman Orogenic Zone, Australia. Tectonophysics 284, 3, p. 179-202.
172
July 2012
(Granite plutons of Mount Alto and Whypalla supersuites intruded in S of multiply deformed Silurian-Devonian
Hodgkinson Province during E Permian. Wall rocks contain evidence for four deformation events. Main stage
of granite emplacement during weak contractional D3 deformation)
Day, R.W., L.C. Cranfield & H. Schwarzbock (1974)- Stratigraphy and structural setting of Mesozoic basins in
southeastern Queensland and northeastern New SouthWales. In: A.K. Denmead et al. (eds.) The Tasman
Geosyncline, a Symposium. Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Div., p. 319-363.
Day, R.W., C.G. Murray & W.G. Whitaker (1978)- The eastern part of the Tasman Orogenic Zone.
(E part of Tasman Orogenic Zone (or Fold Belt System) comprises Hodgkinson-Broken River Orogen in N
(Ordovician- E Carboniferous volcaniclastic flysch with shelf carbonate facies sediments) and New England
Orogen in centre and S (Silurian-Triassic). Two zones, now separated by Alpine-type ultramafic belts: W:
partly on E Paleozoic continental crust with Late Silurian- E Permian volcanic-arc deposits, in E: probably on
oceanic crust, with pelagic sediments, flysch and ophiolites of Silurian- E Permian age. New England Orogen
viewed as Pacific-type continental margin with calc-alkaline volcanic arc in W, volcaniclastic continental shelf
in centre and in E continental slope and oceanic basin)
De Keyser, F. & K.G. Lucas (1968)- Geology of the Hodgkinson and Laura Basins, North Queeensland. Bur.
Min. Res. Geol. Geoph. Bull. 84, p. 1-245.
(online at: http://www-a.ga.gov.au/web_temp/1187541/Bull_084.pdf)
(Hodgkinson Basin of N Queensland thick folded Paleozoic sediments (incl. limestones with corals Halysites,
Favosites, Heliolites, etc.), unconformably overlain by Jurassic- Cretaceous sand-dominated sediments of Laura
Basin)
Denaro, T., C. Ramsden & D. Brown (2007)- Queensland minerals, a summary of major mineral resources, mines
and projects. Queensland Department of Mines and Energy, Indooroopilly, p. 1-1005.
(partly online at: http://www.lgdi.net/resources/i/docs/11_qld_mineral_4th.pdf)
(Overview of Queensland geology, igneous provinces and mineral occurrences)
Direen, N.G. & A.J. Crawford (2003)- The Tasman Line: where is it, what is it, and is it Australias Rodinian
breakup boundary? Australian J. Earth Sci. 50, p. 491-501.
(Several different interpretations of position of Tasman Line, the boundary between Australian Precambrian
craton in W and Early Palaeozoic foldbelts in E)
Elliott, L. (1989)- The Surat and Bowen Basins. Australian Petroleum Explorers J. 29, p. 398-416.
Elliott, L.G. (1993)- Post-Carboniferous tectonic evolution of eastern Australia. Austral. Petrol. Expl. Assoc.
(APEA) J. 33, p. 215-236.
Ewart, A., R.W. Schon & B.W. Chappell (1992)- The Cretaceous volcanic-plutonic province of the Central
Queensland (Australia) coast- a rift related calc-alkaline province. Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci. 83, p.
327-345.
Ewing, M., L.V. Hawkins & W.J. Ludwig (1970)- Crustal structure of the Coral Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 75, p.
1953-1962.
(Seismic refraction data suggest M-U Paleozoic Tasmanide Belt continues offshore under Queensland Plateau.
Coral Sea underlain by normal oceanic crust, with ~2.5 km of sediment cover)
Exon, N.F. (1976)- Geology of the Surat Basin in Queensland. Bur. Min. Res., Geol. Geoph., Bull. 166, p.
Exon, N.F., P.J. Hill, Y. Lafoy, C. Heine & G. Bernardel (2006)- Kenn Plateau off northeast Australia: a
continental fragment in the Southwest Pacific jigsaw. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 53, 4, p. 541-564.
173
July 2012
(Kenn Plateau was part of E Australia, S of present Marion Plateau. Presumably underlain by PaleozoicTriassic basement of New England Fold Belt. Overlying sediments probably Late Triassic- Jurassic non-marine
sediments, Early Cretaceous rift-volcanics, Late Cretaceous- Eocene synrift and sag marine sediments, etc..
Kenn Plateau started to separate from Queensland at ~63 Ma (Cretaceous- Tertiary boundary)
Falvey D.A. & L.W.H. Taylor (1974)- Queensland plateau and Coral Sea Basin: structural and timestratigraphic patterns. Bull. Australian Soc. Exploration Geoph. 5, 4, p. 123-126.
(W Coral Sea region contains one major and three minor marginal plateaux, partly surrounding deep abyssal
plain. Coral Sea underlain by ~1km sediment and E Eocene oceanic crust. Queensland Plateau continental
crust with Paleozoic basement rocks, tectonically part of onshore Tasman Geosyncline. Continental rifts
beneath Queensland Trough and plateau/basin margin, with 1-3 km of U Cretaceous sediments on basement.
Subsidence followed seafloor spreading in basin. Early Oligocene depositional break. Residual highs along old
Palaeozoic trends subsided in E Miocene and locally capped by modern coral reefs)
Feary, C.M., D.C. Champion, R.J. Bultitude & P.J. Davies (1993)- Igneous and metasedimentary basement
lithofacies of the Queensland Plateau. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res. 133, p. 535-540.
(Queensland Plateau basement penetrated at Sites 824 and 825 on W Queensland Plateau. Altered and
deformed metasedimentary rocks, cut by relatively undeformed intermediate dikes. Similar to latest SilurianDevonian Hodgkinson Fm of N Queensland, a greywacke-shale-slate succession with turbiditic structures, cut
by Late Paleozoic- E Mesozoic dike swarms, deposited in deep marine, extensional back-arc basin environment
in Devonian, with deformation in E-M Carboniferous. Uplift and erosion produced peneplaned surface on
which extensive M and Late Cenozoic carbonate reefs developed. Tasman Fold Belt much wider than outcrop
width on Australian mainland)
Fergusson, C.L. (1991)- Thin-skinned thrusting in the northern New England Orogen, central Queensland,
Australia. Tectonics 10, 4, p. 797-806.
(N New England Orogen and E Bowen Basin Late Permian- Middle Triassic deformation event ('Hunter-Bowen
Orogeny'). W-directed, thin-skinned tectonics, NNW trending folds in Late Permian sediments)
Fergusson, C.L. (2010)- Plate driven extension and convergence along the East Gondwana active margin: Late
Silurian-Middle Devonian tectonics of the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci.
57, 5, p. 627-649.
Fergusson, C.L., R.A. Henderson, C.M. Fanning & I.W. Withnall (2007)- Detrital zircon ages in
Neoproterozoic to Ordovician siliciclastic rocks, northeastern Australia: implications for the tectonic history of
the East Gondwana continental margin. J. Geol. Soc., London, 164, p. 215-225.
(U-Pb detrital zircon ages in Neoproterozoic- E Paleozoic metamorphosed clastics of NE Australia show two
major successions along E Gondwana margin (1) Late Neoproterozoic passive margin, with rifting at ~600 Ma.
Most zircon ages 1000-1300 Ma; (2) E Paleozoic active margin of Gondwana that developed on former passive
margin, with distinctive 510-600 Ma detrital zircon signature that is widespread in E Gondwana. Also 460-510
Ma zircon ages from local igneous sources)
Fielding, C.R., T.D. Frank, L.P. Birgenheier, M.C. Rygel, A.T. Jones & J. Roberts (2008)- Stratigraphic imprint
of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in eastern Australia: a record of alternating glacial and nonglacial climate regime.
J. Geol. Soc., London, 165, p. 129-140.
(online at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1102&context=geosciencefacpub)
NSW and Queensland Carboniferous- Permian at least eight glacial intervals in mid-Carboniferous (~327 Ma)
to early Late Permian (~260 Ma). Gradual demise of glaciation in Late Permian)
Fielding, C.R., R. Sliwa, R.J. Holcombe & A.T. Jones (2001)- A new palaeogeographic synthesis for the
Bowen, Gunnedah and Sydney Basins of eastern Australia. In: K.C. Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern
Australasian Basins Symposium. Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ., p. 269-278.
174
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Fielding, C.R., R. Sliwa, R. Holcombe & J. Kassan (2000)- A new palaeographic synthesis of the Bowen Basin
of central Queensland. In: J.W. Beeston (ed.) Proc. Bowen Basin Symposium 2000, Geol. Soc. Australia, p.
287-302.
Fielding, C.R., C.J. Stephens & R.J. Holcombe (1997)- Permian stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the
eastern Bowen Basin, Gogango overfolded zone and Strathmuir synclinorium in the Rockhampton-Mackay
region of Central Queensland. Geol. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ. 19, p. 80-95.
(Connors-Auburn Arch E Permian continental volcanic arc at E side of Bowen basin. Did not form basinmarginal physiographic feature: Permian strata in Bowen Basin and New England Fold Belt correlative
formations and facies assemblages on both sides of Arch)
Fishwick, S., M. Heintz, B.LN. Kennett, A.M. Reading & K. Yoshizawa (2008)- Steps in lithospheric thickness
within eastern Australia, evidence from surface wave tomography. Tectonics 27, TC4009, p. 1-17.
(Lithospheric thickness of E Australia reconstructed from seismic surface wave tomographic model)
Fordham, B.G. (1990)- Microfossils and gross structure and stratigraphy of the Silurian-Devonian Chillagoe
Formation, western Hodgkinson Province, northeast Australia. Abstracts, Geol. Soc. Australia 25, p. 48-49.
(Abstract only) (E Silurian- E Devonian radiolarian/ conodonts in flysch and limestone of Chillagoe Fm in
imbricated thrust slices of Hodgkinson Province. Conodonts have CAl value of 5, consistent with prehnitepumpellyite to lower greenschist grade)
Fordham, B. G. (1994)- Complex structure in the Mungana region of the Hodgkinson Province, and significance
for exploration programs. In: Queensland Department of Minerals and Energy Symposium, Queensland
Exploration Potential 1994, Handbook 32, Queensland Dept. Minerals and Energy, Brisbane, p.
Foster, D.A. & D.R. Gray (2000)- Evolution and structure of the Lachlan fold belt (orogen) of Eastern Australia.
Ann. Rev. Earth Sci. 2000, p. 47-80.
(Stepwise shortening and accretion of Lachlan foldbelt, with deformation and metamorphism from Late
Ordovician (450 Ma)- E Carboniferous. Dominant events at ~440-430 Ma and 400-380 Ma. Accretion of
Lachlan and related Tasmanides belts added ~2.5 Mkm2 to surface area of Gondwana. Sedimentary, magmatic,
and deformational processes converted oceanic turbidite fan system into continental crust of normal thickness)
Foster, D.A. & D.R. Gray (2008)- Paleozoic crustal growth, structure, strain rate, and metallogeny in the Lachlan
Orogen, eastern Australia. In: J.E. Spencer & S.R. Titley (eds.) Ores and orogenesis: Circum-Pacific tectonics,
geologic evolution and ore deposits, Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 22, p. 213- 226.
Foster, D.A., D.R. Gray & C. Spaggiari (2005)- Timing of subduction and exhumation along the Cambrian East
Gondwana margin and the formation of Paleozoic backarc basins. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 117, 1-2, p. 105-116.
Foster, D.A., D.R. Gray, C. Spaggiari G. Kamenov & F.P. Bierlein (2009)- Palaeozoic Lachlan orogen,
Australia; accretion and construction of continental crust in a marginal ocean setting: isotopic evidence from
Cambrian metavolcanic rocks. In: Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 318, p. 329-349.
(Lachlan orogen classic accretionary orogen between Paleo-Pacific subduction zone and Australian craton,
probably on basement of mafic oceanic crust along with possible small fragments of older continental crust)
Fukui, S., T. Tsujimori, T. Watanabe & T. Itaya (2012)- Tectono-metamorphic evolution of high P/T and lowP/T metamorphic rocks in the Tia complex, southern New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia: insights from
K-Ar chronology. J. Asian Earth Sci., p. (in press)
(Tia Complex in S New England Fold Belt is poly-metamorphosed Late Paleozoic accretionary complex. New
K-Ar ages and geological data postulate model of E-ward rollback of a subduction zone in E Permian)
Fukui, S., T. Watanabe, T. Itaya & C. Leitch (1995)- Middle Ordovician high PT metamorphic rocks in eastern
Australia: evidence from K-Ar ages. Tectonics 14, 4, p. 1014-1020.
175
July 2012
(K-Ar dating of metamorphic rocks from S part of New England fold Belt indicated 3 metamorphic episodes, at
~260 Ma, between ~340-310 Ma, and ~470 Ma. The 470 Ma event, is High P and identified from blocks in
serpentinite melange in lenses close to faulted boundary between Devonian-Carboniferous arc flank/ forearc
basin rocks and oceanic rocks of similar age which make up an accretionary subduction complex)
Gaina, C., R.D. Muller, J.Y. Royer, J. Stock, J. Hardebeck & P. Symonds (1998)- The tectonic evolution of the
Tasman Sea: A tectonic puzzle with thirteen pieces. J. Geophys. Res., 103, B6, p. 12,413-12,433.
(Model for tectonic evolution of Tasman between Australian and Lord Howe Rise plates from 73.6- 52 Ma when
spreading ceased. Major tectonic event at 61 Ma), when counterclockwise change in spreading direction
occurred, contemporaneous with similar event in SW Pacific Ocean. Tasman Sea rifting propagated from S to N
in several stages and several rifts failed. 13 continental blocks acting as microplates between 90- 64 Ma)
Gaina, C., R.D. Muller, J.Y. Royer & P. Symonds (1999)- Evolution of the Louisiade triple junction. J.
Geophys. Res., 104, B6, p. 12,927-12,939.
(Finite rotations for opening of Coral Sea differ from rotations of Tasman Sea opening, confirming triple
junction between Australian Plate, Mellish Rise and Louisiade Plateau during opening of Coral Sea (62-52
Ma). Extension between Mellish Rise and Louisiade Plateau, and extensional and transform motion occurred
between Australia and Mellish Rise. Extension in Osprey Embayment may explain small areas of oceanic crust
W of Coral Sea Basin. W boundary of Coral Sea was NE-SW strike-slip fault, active between 58 and 52 Ma)
Gaina, C., W.R. Roest, R.D. Muller & P. Symonds (1998)- The opening of the Tasman Sea: a gravity anomaly
animation. Earth Interactions, 2-002, 23p.
(online at: http://www.earthbyte.org/Resources/Movies/ei021.pdf)
Gallagher, K., T.A. Dumitru & A.J.W. Gleadow (1994)- Constraints on the vertical motion of eastern Australia
during the Mesozoic. Basin Research 6, p. 77-94.
(Backstripping and AFT analysis of Eromanga, Surat and Clarence-Moreton basins show linear subsidence in
Jurassic, with increasing subsidence towards E. Cretaceous preserved only in Eromanga Basin. Cretaceous
probably deposited, then eroded over Surat and Clarence-Moreton Basins. Exhumation started in E in Late
Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. Removed section greater in E (~2.5 km) than in W (<1 km). Results suggest
platform tilting, related to Jurassic- E Cretaceous subduction along E Australia. Cessation of subduction, and
subsequent opening of Tasman Sea in Late Cretaceous accompanied by uplift on E margin and termination of
widespread deposition on platform)
Glen, R.A. (1992)- Thrust, extensional and strike-slip tectonics in an evolving Palaeozoic orogen- a structural
synthesis of the Lachlan Orogen of southeastern Australia. Tectonophysics 214, p. 341-380.
Glen, R.A. (2005)- The Tasmanides of Eastern Australia. In: A.P.M.Vaughan et al. (eds.) Terrane processes at
the margins of Gondwana. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 246, p. 23-96.
(Major review of Tasmanines foldbelt of E Australia. Five Neoproterozoic- Triassic orogenic belts along E
margin of Gondwana, with internal Permian-Triassic rift- foreland basin system. Complex deformation ended
with E Triassic accretion of intra-oceanic arc)
Glen, R.A. & S. Meffre (2009)- Styles of Cenozoic collisions in the western and southwestern Pacific and their
applications to Palaeozoic collisions in the Tasmanides of eastern Australia. Tectonophysics 479, p. 130-149.
(Several styles of collisions in W and SW Pacific, mainly oblique and strike-slip collisions between island arcs
and rifted continental fragments and collisions between forearc lithosphere and continental fragments. The 58
Ma collision along N Australian plate margin in New Guinea, 4434 Ma collision in New Caledonia and 26-25
Ma collision in N Island New Zealand may be parts of single, S-migrating plate boundary collision. Collision
between forearc crust and continental fragment produces subduction flip or rollback, thus avoiding classic arccontinent collision. Pacific style collisions applied to interpretation of Delamerian Orogen and Lachlan Orogen
in S Tasmanides with varying degrees of success)
176
July 2012
Goscombe, P.W. & B.A. Coxhead (1995)- Clarence-Moreton, Surat, Eromanga, Nambour, and Mulgildie
Basins. In: C.R. Ward et al. (eds.) Geology of Australian Coal Basins. Geol. Soc. Austr. Coal Geol. Grp., Spec.
Publ. 1, p. 489-511.
Gray, D.R., D.A. Foster & F.P. Bierlein (2002)- Geodynamics and metallogeny of the Lachlan Orogen.
(Paleozoic Lachlan Orogen of E Australia is accretionary orogen made up of structurally thickened oceanic
successions, including turbidites from deep-sea fans, andesitic volcanics from remnant island arcs, forearc
sediments and slices of oceanic crust. Accretion by collapse of marginal basin during double divergent
subduction. Stepwise deformation and metamorphism from Late Ordovician- E Carboniferous times formed
three subprovinces. In W Subprovince, Ordovician turbidites host major lode Au deposits (C Victoria). In E
Subprovince, porphyry Cu-Au deposits formed in Ordovician oceanic island arc)
Gray, D.R., D.A. Foster & M. Bucher (1997)- Recognition and definition of orogenic events in the Lachlan
Fold Belt. Australian J. Earth Sci. 44, 4, p. 489-501.
(Unconformities used to establish orogenic framework for Lachlan Fold Belt. Four orogenic pulses between
440-340 Ma (Latest Ordovician- Late Devonian; Lachlan Orogeny) not regional events. M Devonian
Tabberabberan event (~380-370 Ma) represents limited deformation during amalgamation of W and C/E
subprovinces. Orogeny over much of Lachlan Fold Belt progressive, ongoing and subductioncontrolled in
complex oceanic, SW Pacificstyle setting, analogous to migrating deformation and sedimentation in
accretionary wedges above subduction zones)
Gray, D.R., D.A.Foster, R.J.Korsch & C.V. Spaggiari (2006)- Structural style and crustal architecture of the
Tasmanides of eastern Australia, example of a composite accretionary orogen. In: S. Mazzoli et al. (eds.) Styles
of continental contraction, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 414, p. 119-132.
(E Australian Tasmanides both thin-skinned thrusting and thick-skinned faulting. Composite orogenic system
made up of three orogenic belts: (1) former rifted passive margin to make Delamerian Orogen, (2) turbidite fan
system(s) in back-arc setting to make Lachlan Orogen, (3) arc-subduction complex with older accreted
components to make New England Orogen. New England Orogen constructed from craton-vergent, fore-arc and
magmatic arc sequences, subduction complexes, and ophiolite fragments)
Gray, D.R., D.A. Foster, R. Maas, C.V. Spaggiari, R.T. Gregory, B.D. Goscombe & K.H. Hoffmann (2007)Continental growth and recycling by accretion of deformed turbidite fans and remnant ocean basins: examples
from Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic orogens. In: R.D. Hatcher et al. (eds) The 4D Framework of continental
crust. Geol. Soc. America, Mem. 200, p. 63-92.
Gust, D.A., C.J. Stephens & A.T. Grenfell (1993)- Granitoids of the northern NEO: their distribution in time
and space and their tectonic implications. In: J.C. Aitchison & P.G. Flood (eds.) New England Orogen, Eastern
Australia, Proc. NEO '93 Conference, University of New England, p. 565-572.
(Half of exposed granites in N New England foldbelt have E-M Triassic ages, between 230-250 Ma, coeval
with overwhelmingly andesitic terrestrial volcanism)
Haig, D.W. (2008)- Cretaceous foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Queensland. Alcheringa 3, 3, p. 171-187.
(On distribution of foraminiferids in Aptian-Albian marine deposits of Laura, Carpentaria, Eromanga and Surat
Basins. Two main associations: Ammobaculites (hyposaline, cool, shallow water) and Marssonella (normal
marine, open shelf ). Cool, hyposaline, shallow water conditions prevailed over much of Queensland. Open
marine shelf conditions in Albian in Laura and NE Carpentaria Basins. Albian northern seaway to open ocean)
Haig, D.W. & D. Barnbaum (1978)- Early Cretaceous microfossils from the type Wallumbilla Formation, Surat
Basin, Queensland. Alcheringa 2, 2, p. 159-178.
(Shallow marine fauna of probable Aptian age)
177
July 2012
Harrington, H.J. (1983)- Correlation of the Permian and Triassic Gympie terrane of Queensland with the Brook
Street and Maitai terranes of New Zealand. In: Permian Geology of Queensland, Geol. Soc. Australia,
Queensland Division, Brisbane, p. 431-436.
Harrington, H.J. (1987)- Tectonic setting of Permian coal basins of Eastern Australia. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc.
Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 792-796.
(Coal basins near E margin of Australia formed in foreland basin setting in front of growing orogen.
Terminated and compressed when Gympie volcanic arc accreted to orogen)
Harrington, H.J. (1987)- Geological units common to eastern Australia and New Zealand. In: E. Brennan (ed.)
Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 801-804.
(New Zealand is exposed part of subcontinent that separated from Australia when Tasman Sea opened in Late
Cretaceous. Three main belts: (1) West: was part of Antarctica, (2) Central: Hokonui and Caples terranes,
broadly correlate with Gympie Terrane of E Queensland, which is island arc/ forearc/ accretionary wedge
terrane that accreted to Australasia in Mid-Triassic; (3) Torlesse rocks, emplaced over Caples in Triassic,
Jurassic and Cretaceous strike-slip episodes)
Harrington. H.J., A.T. Brakel, J.W. Hunt, A.T. Wells, M.F Middleton et al. (1989)- Permian coals of eastern
Australia. Bur. Min. Res., Australia, Canberra, Bull. 231, p.
Harrington, H.J. & R.J. Korsch (1985)- Tectonic model for the Devonian to Middle Permian of the New
England Orogen. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 32, p. 163-179.
Harrington, H.J. & R.J. Korsch (1987)- Oroclinal bending in the evolution of the New England- Yarrol Orogen
and the Moreton Basin. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst.
Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 797-800.
Hashimoto, T., N. Rollet, V. Stagpoole, K. Higgins, P. Petkovic et al. (2010)- Geology and evolution of the
Capel and Faust basins: petroleum prospectivity of the deepwater Tasman Sea frontier. New Zealand Petroleum
Conf. 2010, p. 1-15.
(online at: http://www.nzpam.govt.nz/cms/pdf-library/petroleum-conferences-1/2010-nzpc-technical-posterspapers/P24_Hashimoto_abstract.pdf)
Hashimoto, T., N. Rollet, K. Higgins, V. Stagpoole, P. Petkovic, R. Hackney et al. (2011)- Petroleum
prospectivity of the Eastern Australian deepwater frontier basins: insights from the Capel and Faust Basins.
Poster AAPG Ann. Conv. Exh., Houston 2011, Search and Discovery Article 10358, 15p.
(Large basin depocentres with up to 6 km of sediment in Tasman Sea region between Australia, New Zealand
and New Caledonia. Formed during two Cretaceous extensional events preceding final breakup of E Gondwana
margin. Syn-rift deposition initially dominated by volcanoclastics, then non-marine to shallow marine clastics)
Hawkins, P.J. & L.J. Williams (1990)- Review of the geology and economic potential of the Laura Basin.
Queensland Resource Industries, Record 1990/2, p. 1-36.
(online at: https://qdexguest.deedi.qld.gov.au/)
Henderson, R.A. (1980)- Structural outline and summary geological history for north-eastern Australia. In: R.A.
Henderson, & P.J. Stephenson (eds.) The geology and geophysics of North-eastern Australia, Geol. Soc.
Australia, Queensland Division, Brisbane, p. 1-26.
(Hodgkinson Province of NE Queensland with folded-thrusted Silurian- Devonian turbidites interpreted as M
Paleozoic accretionary prism)
Henderson, R.A. (1987)- An oblique subduction and transform faulting model for the evolution of the Broken
River Province, northern Tasman Orogenic Zone. Aust. J. Earth Sci., 34:237-249.
(Suggests Marion and Queensland Plateux underlain by accretionary complex rocks of New England orogen?)
178
July 2012
Hill, P.J. (1992)- Capricorn and northern Tasman Basins: structure and depositional systems. Exploration
Geoph. 23, 2, p. 153-162.
(Capricorn Basin Late Cretaceous failed rift arm at N end of Tasman rift system. Late Cretaceous- E Paleogene
syn-rift continental/restricted marine deposits overlain by Eocene-Recent mainly marine post-rift sediments.
Basement structures generally N-NW trend. Discontinuous series of rift basins of various geometries. MidEocene compressional or transpressional event jproduced minor faulting/ folding and uplift/ erosion, attributed
to plate reorganization at ~43 Ma. Late Oligocene volcanism in S Capricorn Basin, with volcanic edifices
exposed on seafloor. In Tasman Basin, 3-km Cenozoic post-breakup sediments over oceanic basement and
extended continental crust at base of continental slope)
Hoffmann, K.L., J.M. Totterdell, O. Dixon, G.A. Simpson, A.T. Brakel, A.T. Wells & J.L. Mckellar (2009)- Sequence
stratigraphy of Jurassic strata in the lower Surat Basin succession, Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p.
461-476.
(Non-marine sequence stratigraphy of Early- early Late Jurassic strata in lower part of Surat Basin)
Holcombe, R.J.& T.A. Little (1994)- Blueschists of the New England Orogen: structural development of the
Rocksberg Greenstone and associated units near Mt Mee, southeast Queensland. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 41, p.
115-130.
(Blueschist facies rocks in Late Paleozoic New England Orogen in SE Queensland contains metamorphic
structures and fabrics related to both subduction and uplift. Protoliths of the Rocksberg Greenstone were mafic
volcaniclastics. Rocksberg Greenstone interpreted as remnants of volcaniclastic apron of seamount constructed
on oceanic lithosphere. Seamount was dismembered in M Carboniferous. Overprinted by greenschist facies
conditions during exhumation from depths of >18 km, which began in Late Carboniferous)
Holcombe, R.J., C.J. Stephens, C.R. Fielding, D. Gust, T.A. Little et al. (1997)- Tectonic evolution of the
northern New England Fold Belt: The Permian-Triassic Hunter-Bowen event. In: P.M. Ashley & P.G. Flood
(eds.) Tectonics and metallogenesis of the New England Orogen, Geol. Soc. Australia, Spec. Publ. 19, p. 52-65.
(New England Fold Belt complex arrangement of terranes, dominated by contractional structures formed
during Late Permian- late M Triassic Hunter-Bowen Orogeny (~265-230 Ma). ~35 My period records W-ward
(East?; HvG) migration of continental magmatic arc during period of contraction, and subsequent transition to
extensional (and ultimately intra-plate) setting. Half of exposed granitoids intermediate, E-M Triassic (250-230
Ma). Late Triassic (~230-220 Ma) change to extensional regime, with predominantly silicic granites and
volcanics, and creation of small N-NW elongate basins (Ipswich, Tarong, etc.) unconformably over folded E-M
Triassic rocks)
Holcombe, R.J., C.J. Stephens, C.R. Fielding, D. Gust, T.A. Little et al. (1997)- Tectonic evolution of the
northern New England Fold Belt: Carboniferous to Early Permian transition from active accretion to extension.
In: P.M. Ashley & P.G. Flood (eds.) Tectonics and metallogenesis of the New England Orogen, Geol. Soc.
Australia, Spec. Publ. 19, p. 66-79.
(Discussion of transition from active accretion in mid-Carboniferous to widespread extension through Late
Carboniferous- E Permian. Transition interpreted in terms of E-ward retreat of convergent slab, and migration
of volcanic arc offshore)
Hunt, J.W. (1989)- Permian coals of eastern Australia: geological control of petrographic variation. Int. J. Coal
Geol. 12,p. 589-634.
(Coal types and geological controls in E Australia Permian basins (Sydney- Bowen foreland Basins in E, large
cratonic Galilee- Cooper basins in W, and small cratonic Blair Athol, Wolfgang and Oaklands Basins))
Hutton, A.C. (2009)- Geological setting of Australasian coal deposits. In: R. Kininmonth & E. Baafi (eds.)
Australasian Coal Mining Practice, Australasian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, p. 40-84.
James, N.J., T.D. Frank & C.R. Fielding (2009)- Carbonate sedimentation in a Permian high-latitude, subpolar
depositional realm: Queensland, Australia. J. Sedim. Res. 79, 3, p. 125-143.
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(Lower-Middle Permian limestones from NE Australia New England Foldbelt and Bowen basin typical cold
water limestones without corals, fusulinids, etc.)
Jansson, I.M., S. McLoughlin, V. Vajda & M. Pole (2008)- An Early Jurassic flora from the Clarence-Moreton
Basin, Australia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology 150, p. 5-21
(Low-diversity E Jurassic flora in floodbasin siltstones of Clarence-Moreton Basin. Basin has Late TriassicLate Jurassic sedimentary section over moderately deformed M-L Paleozoic accretionary prism and intrusive
igneous rocks. Palynoflora dominated by Classopollis pollen and attributable to Late Pliensbachian- E
Toarcian age (180-185 Ma) upper Corollina (=Classopollis) torosa Zone. Relatively humid palaeoclimate)
Jeon, H., I.S. Williams, B.W. Chappell & V.C. Bennett (2010)- Implications of contrasting patterns of inherited
zircon in the Late Palaeozoic granites of the Lachlan and New England fold belts. 20th Australian Geological
Convention, Canberra 2010, Geol. Soc. Australia, Abstracts 98, p. 249. (Abstract only)
(Lachlan Foldbelt granites mostly SilurianDevonian, some in NE Carboniferous age. Inherited zircons same as
detrital zircons in intruded Ordovician sediments. Two inheritance age patterns in Carboniferous (~340-325
Ma) Itype granites. New England fold belt granites PermianTriassic in age, mainly E Permian (~290 Ma)
Stype and Late Permian (~250 Ma) Itypes. Stype inherited zircon, mostly Carboniferous age (peaks at 310
and 330 Ma; same age as Carboniferous granites in LFB)
Jones, A.T. & C.R. Fielding (2004)- Sedimentological record of the late Paleozoic glaciation in Queensland,
Australia. Geology, 32, p. 153-156.
Keep, M. (2003)- Physical modelling of deformation in the Tasman Orogenic Zone. Tectonophysics 375, p. 3747.
Kemp, A.I.S., C.J. Hawkesworth, W.J. Collins, C.M. Gray, P.L. Blevin & EIMF (2009)- Isotopic evidence for
rapid continental growth in an extensional accretionary orogen: The Tasmanides, eastern Australia. Earth
(Nd and zircon HfO isotope data used to study continental crust formation in Tasmanides (515-230 Ma),
which formed by repeated opening and closure of sediment-filled back-arc basins behind long-lived subduction
zone. Juvenile magmatic input enhanced during extensional, back-arc rifting episodes that followed crustal
thickening, suggesting relationship between slab rollback and continental growth. Juvenile component in
Tasmanide igneous rocks increased from Cambrian to Triassic, as subduction zone migrated outboard.
Subduction zone retreat formed large tracts of new crust in E Australia at comparable rates to crust generation
at modern island arcs)
Kidane, T.B., M. Fuller & Y.I. Otofuji (2010)- Shipboard paleomagnetic age estimates for an acoustic basement
emplacement in Marion Plateau, off northeast Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 57, 2, p. 231-241.
(Shipboard paleomagnetic work on olivine basalt cores from bottom of ODP Leg 194 holes 1193C and 1198B
give paleolatitude of Marion Plateau at 33.3S, indicating possible emplacement time for basalt of either 130-110
Ma or 190-165 Ma. Latter result better fit with 40Ar/39Ar age of 162 1 Ma for basalt)
Klootwijk C. (1985)- Paleomagnetism of the Tasman fold belt: indicaton for mid-Carboniferous large-scale
southward displacement of the New England region. In: Third Circum Pacific Terrane Conf., Extended Abstracts
14, p. 124-127.
Klootwijk C. (2009)- Sedimentary basins of eastern Australia: paleomagnetic constraints on geodynamic
evolution in a global context. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 273-308.
(L2 loop indicates Late Devonian- M Carboniferous N-ward excursion of NE Gondwanaland. Succeeding earlyLate Carboniferous S-ward movement of NE Gondwanaland was extremely fast and created extensional
environment, initiating Westralian Superbasin. L3 loop reflects change in rotation of Gondwanaland from CCW
(Late Carboniferous) to CW (E Permian), leading to Stephanian initiation of Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney basins)
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Korsch, R.J. (2004)- A Permian-Triassic retro-foreland thrust system- The New England Orogen, and adjacent
sedimentary basins, Eastern Australia. In: Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.
Mem. 82, p. 515-537.
(From Late Devonian to Triassic, E Australia was active, convergent plate margin with W-dipping subduction
system. Permian-Triassic development, of major W-directed retroforeland thrust belt in N New England, with the
formation of a thick foreland-basin phase in adjacent Bowen Basin to W)
Korsch, R.J., C.J. Adams, L.P. Black, D.A. Foster, G.L. Fraser, C.G. Murray, C. Foudoulis & W.L. Griffin
(2009)- Geochronology and provenance of the Late Paleozoic accretionary wedge and Gympie Terrane, New
England Orogen, eastern Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, 5, p. 655-685.
(New England Orogen result of Late Devonian- Triassic W-dipping subduction system at boundary of E
Gondwanaland and Panthalassan Ocean. Late Paleozoic accretionary wedge contains deep-marine trench fill
turbidites with in-faulted slices of oceanic crust. Turbidites first-cycle, immature, quartz-poor, volcanic-derived.
Dating of detrital zircons and hornblendes show maximum depositional ages of 355-316 Ma for sediments in
accretionary wedge, indicating accretionary wedge evolved over 40 Ma, with principal sources from active
continental margin volcanic arc. Quartz-rich sandstones from E part of accretionary wedge with Late PaleozoicArchean zircon ages, indicating quartz-rich detritus from continental interior dominated depocentres)
Korsch, R.J., C.J.Boreham, J.M. Totterdell, R.D. Shaw & M.G. Nicoll (1998)- Development and petroleum
resource evaluation of the Bowen, Gunnedah and Surat Basins, Eastern Australia. APPEA J. 38, p. 199-237.
Korsch, R.J. & H.J. Harrington (1981)- Stratigraphic and structural synthesis of the New England Orogen.
Australian J. Earth Sci. 28, p. 205- 226.
(Four principal sets of regional deformations: D1- pre-Late Carboniferous (could extend back into Devonian);
D2-Late Carboniferous- E Permian (c. 295 Ma); D3-E Permian (c. 273 Ma); D4-Late Permian (c. 250 Ma).
Korsch, R.J., P.E. O'Brien, M.J. Sexton, K.D. Wake-Dyster & A.T. Wells (1989)- Development of Mesozoic
transtensional basins in easternmost Australia. Australian J. Earth Sci. 36, p. 13-28.
(E Australia basins Esk Trough, Ipswich Basin and Clarence-Moreton Basin initiated by transtensional events
in Late Permian or Early Triassic)
Korsch, R.J. & J.M. Totterdell (2009)- Subsidence history and basin phases of the Bowen, Gunnedah and Surat
Basins, eastern Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 335-353.
(E Permian- M Triassic Bowen and Gunnedah Basins and E Jurassic- E Cretaceous Surat Basin complex
subsidence history over 200 My: (1) E Permian, rapid subsidence in half-grabens along W margin of BowenGunnedah Basins; extension ceased at ~280 Ma, followed by thermal subsidence with widespread, uniform
sedimentation; (2) Late Permian foreland basin phase, driven by thrust loading to E in New England Orogen.
very high rates of tectonic subsidence (3) peneplanation in Late Triassic; (4) sedimentation at start of Jurassic,
forming Surat Basin, with tectonic subsidence driven by dynamically induced platform tilting; (5) subduction
ceased at ~95 Ma, resulting in rapid uplift, due to rebound of lithosphere)
Korsch, R.J., J.M. Totterdell, D.L. Cathro & M.G. Nicoll (2009)- Early Permian East Australian rift system.
Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 381-400.
(E Permian- M Triassic Bowen and Gunnedah back-arc basins developed in response to tectonic events to E
(W-dipping subduction system at convergent margin of E Gondwana). Initial extension part of major E Permian
N-S trending East Australian Rift System from N Queensland to S New South Wales. Denison Trough now site
of producing gasfields. E part of rift system commenced at ~305 Ma and volcanic-dominated. Half-grabens in
and W of Bowen Basin non-volcanic, and initiated at ~285 Ma. Mechanical extension ceased at ~280 Ma,
followed by thermal subsidence)
Korsch, R.J., J.M. Totterdell, T. Fomin & M.G. Nicoll (2009)- Contractional structures and deformational
events in the Bowen, Gunnedah and Surat Basins, eastern Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 477-499.
(Permian- Triassic Bowen and Gunnedah Basins formed in backarc setting, initially extensional, but switched
to contractional in mid-Permian, with major W-directed thrust belt in New England Orogen and foreland basin
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phase to W in Bowen-Gunnedah. Inversion of E Permian extensional faults as thrusts. During Late PermianLate Triassic period of rapid subsidence driven by thrust loading several short periods of non-deposition and
contraction. Final contractional event in early Late Cretaceous corresponds with cessation of sedimentation in
Surat Basin, uplift and reactivation of earlier structures)
Korsch, R.J., K.D. Wake-Dyster & D.W. Johnstone (1991)- Structure of the Permian-Mesozoic eastern
Australian Basins complex, with emphasis on the BMR Bowen Basin deep seismic profiles. Exploration Geoph.
22, 1, p. 223-226.
(Permian Taroom Trough (S extension of Bowen Basin) interpreted as transtensional basin. Small flower
structures in overlying Jurassic sediments are transpressional features due to reactivation of faults. Bowen
Basin Late Permian- E Triassic sedimentary wedge thickening to E, initiated during a period of extension
oriented ENE-WSW in latest Carboniferous or earliest Permian)
Kositcin, N., D.C. Champion & D.L. Huston (2009)- Geodynamic synthesis of the North Queensland region
and implications for metallogeny. Geoscience Australia Record 2009/30, p. 1-196.
(Useful overview of N Queensland geology and geodynamic history)
Leitch, E.C. (1974)- The geological development of the southern part of the New England Fold Belt. J. Geol.
Soc. Australia 21, p. 133-156.
Leitch, E.C. (1975)- Plate tectonic interpretation of the Palaeozoic history of the New England Fold Belt. Geol.
Soc. America Bull. 86, p. 141-144
Leitch, E.C., C.L. Fergusson & R.A. Henderson (2003)- Arc to craton provenance switching in a Late
Palaeozoic subduction complex, Wandilla and Shoalwater terranes, New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia.
Leitch, E.C., J.V. Morand, C.L. Fergusson, R.A. Henderson & P.F. Carr (2007)- Accretion and post-accretion
metamorphism in subduction complex terranes of the New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia. J. Metam.
Geol. 11, 3, p. 309-318.
(Two regional metamorphic episodes in Late Paleozoic subduction complexes of Queensland: (1) Synaccretion
prehnite-pumpellyite and greenschist facies(2) upper greenschist- upper amphibolite facies episode at ~250 Ma
in arc or back-arc setting. Similar pattern for 1000 km along New England Fold Belt)
Lipski, P. (2001)- Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Jurassic- Cretaceous Maryborough Basin. In: K.C.
Hill & T. Bernecker (eds.) Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, a refocused energy perspective for the
future, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Australia (PESA), Spec. Publ., p. 263-268.
(Maryborough Basin Late Triassic- E Tertiary basin that straddles coastline of SE Queensland, with up to
>6,000m of Jurassic- Cretaceous sediments. Late Cretaceous transpressional deformation formed NW-trending
anticlines. Source rocks marine and lacustrine shales of Early Cretaceous Maryborough Fm and also coals and
shales of E-M Jurassic Tiaro and E Cretaceous Burrum Coal Measures)
Little, T.A., R.J. Holcombe, G.M. Gibson, R. Offler, P.B. Gans & M.O. McWilliams (1992)- Exhumation of
Late Paleozoic blueschists in Queensland, Australia, by extensional faulting. Geology 20, p. 231-234.
(Blueschists in SE Queensland record Carboniferous history of subduction and metamorphism and later
thermal overprint from intrusion of Late Carboniferous S-type granitoids at ~306 Ma. By Early Permian most
of New England orogeny uplifted and eroded and now site of back-arc extensional basins)
Little, T.A., R.J. Holcombe & R. Sliwa (1993)- Structural evidence for extensional exhumation of blueschistbearing serpentinite matrix melange, New England Orogen, southeast Queensland, Australia. Tectonics 12, p.
536-549.
(N D'Aguilar block with blueschist blocks in serpentinite matrix melange. Mid-Carbonifereous epidoteblueschist metamorphism, intruded by ~306 Ma (latest Carboniferous) granitoids)
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Little, T.A., M.O. McWilliams & R.J. Holcombe (1995)- 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of epidote blueschists
from the North D'Aguilar block, Queensland Australia: timing and kinematics of subduction complex
unroofing. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 107, p. 520-535.
(Epidote blueschists as coherent schists and blocks in serpentinite matrix melange. Formed below 18 km depth
and occur in lower plate of metamorphic core complex. Slate from upper plate dated as 315 Ma (Late
Carboniferous), interpreted as minimum age for subduction. Exhumation of lower plate schists coeval with
overprinting by greenschist facies fabric and s accomplished by ductile stretching and normal faulting.
Phengites from lower plate schists yield 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of ~299-296 Ma (earliest Permian), time of
cooling below 350C. Similar cooling ages for different blueschist blocks support view that Australian
melange was uplifted by extensional tectonic processes unrelated to serpentinite diapirism)
MacKenzie, D.E. (1987)- Geology, petrology and mineralization of the Permo-Carboniferous Featherbed
Volcanics Complex, Northeastern Queensland. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc. Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold
Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 297-301.
(Late Carboniferous- E Permian Featherbed Volcanics at W margin of Hodgkinson Basin. Late Carboniferous
I-type andesitic-rhyolitic ignimbrites and minor andesite lava, with dioritic-granitic intrusives and Sn, W and
base metal mineralization. Main part of complex E Permian, mainly A-type rhyolitic ignimbrite)
Marsden, M.A.H. (1972)- The Devonian history of northeastern Australia. Geol. Soc. Australia J. 19, 1, p. 125162.
(Devonian rocks in Tasman Geosyncline 3 tectonic divisions (1) broad mobile platform (2) volcanicrich New
England Geosyncline, and (3) N Queensland complex marine-continental sedimentation on cratonic blocks,
with nonvolcanic flyschlike sedimentation in marginal Hodgkinson Basin. Devonian rocks affected by intense
Late Paleozoic tectonic and igneous activity in E marginal regions, but only minor effects to West)
Marshallsea, S.J., P.F. Green & J. Webb (2000)- Thermal history of the Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin,
Queensland: multiple cooling episodes identified from apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance
data. Australian J. Earth Sci. 47, 4, p. 779-797.
(Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin underwent regional Cretaceous cooling, possibly two episodes:
midCretaceous (110-100 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (80-70 Ma). Rocks now at outcrop cooled from Cretaceous
paleotemperatures between 50-130C in S and from >100C in N. In Hodgkinson Province also evidence for E
Jurassic cooling episode, with cooling starting at ~200 Ma. Regional extent of Cretaceous cooling episode
suggest uplift/ denudation, with removal of 0.8- >3.0 km of Triassic and younger section, starting between ~110
and 80 Ma))
Matthews, K.J., A.J. Hale, M. Gurnis, R.D. Muller & L. DiCaprio (2011)- Dynamic subsidence of Eastern
Australia during the Cretaceous. Gondwana Res. 19, 2, p. 372-383.
(Australia's E Cretaceous eastward passage over sinking subducted slabs induced widespread dynamic
subsidence and formation of large epeiric sea in E interior)
McConachie, B.A., J.N. Dunster, P. Wellman, T.J. Denaro, C.F. Pain, M.A. Habermehl & J.J. Draper (1997)Carpentaria Lowlands and Gulf of Carpentaria regions. In: J.H.C. Bain & J.J. Draper (eds) North Queensland
Geology, Australian Geol. Survey Org. (AGSO) Bull. 240, 365-397.
(Laura Basin, etc.)
Michaelsen, P. & R.A Henderson (2000)- Sandstone petrofacies expressions of multiphase basinal tectonics and
arc magmatism: Permian-Triassic north Bowen Basin, Australia. Sedim. Geol. 136, p. 113-136.
(Permian- Triassic sandstones of N Bowen Basin two petrofacies: (A) Lower- mid U Permian quartz-rich,
sourced primarily from cratonic basement; (B) U Permian- Lw Triassic volcanolithic, sourced from magmatic
arc provenance in New England Orogen. Evidence of contemporaneous volcanism shown by tuffs- tonsteins in
Late Permian succession)
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Mortimer, N., F. Hauff & T. Calvert (2008)- Continuation of the New England Orogen, Australia, beneath the
Queensland Plateau and Lord Howe Rise. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 55, p. 195-209.
(Greywacke, argillite, greyschist and hypabyssal igneous rocks from ODP core on Queensland Plateau and
xenoliths in volcanic breccia dredged from Lord Howe Rise. Low-intermediate detrital quartz contents, 260- 240
Ma K-Ar ages, etc., suggest correlation with New England Orogen of E Australia. New England Orogen terranes
continue towards New Zealand at least as far as S Lord Howe Rise)
Mortimer, N., F. Hauff & A.T. Calvert (2008)- Continuation of the New England Orogen, Australia, beneath the
Queensland plateau and Lord Howe Rise. Australian J. Earth Sci. 55, 2, p.195-209.
(Greywacke, argillite, greyschist and hypabyssal igneous rocks from ODP core on Queensland Plateau and
xenoliths in volcanic breccia with 260-240 Ma K-Ar ages dredged from Lord Howe Rise suggest correlation with
New England Orogen of E Australia)
Muller, R. D., V. S. L. Lim & A. R. Isern (2000)- Late Tertiary tectonic subsidence on the northeast Australian
passive margin: response to dynamic topography? Marine Geol. 162, 2-4, p. 337-352.
(Accelerated subsidence in Late Miocene-Pliocene off NE Australia difficult to account for by thrust loading in
PNG or collision along Australian-Pacific plate boundary. Shear wave tomography displays NNW-SSE trending
band of high velocities in upper mantle from Queensland Plateau to Indonesia, probably subducted slab material
from Late Eocene- Oligocene subduction N of PNG. Observed post- 9 Ma tectonic subsidence of Queensland and
Marion plateaus probably caused by dynamic surface topography due to Australias NE margin overriding slab
burial ground, modulated by flexural deformation resulting from collision tectonics N of Australia)
Murgulov, V., E. Beyer, W.L. Griffin, S.Y. OReilly, S.G. Walters & D. Stephens (2007)- Crustal evolution in
the Georgetown Inlier, North Queensland, Australia: a detrital zircon grain study. Chem. Geol. 245, p. 198-218.
(Detrital zircon ages of Precambrian Georgetown Inlier. Archean zircons evidence for existence of Archean
crustal components in Georgetown Inlier. At least three stages of heating and granitoid magmatism: 1545-1585
Ma, 420 Ma and 340 Ma. Similarities/ differences in crustal evolution of Mt Isa, Broken Hill and Georgetown
blocks suggest Proterozoic history of Australian continental margin involved accretion and subsequent
dispersal of individual, originally Archean, microcomments)
Murray, C.G. (1974)- Alpine-type ultramafics in the northern part of the Tasman Geosyncline- possible
remnants of Palaeozoic ocean floor. In: A.K. Denmead et al. (eds.) The Tasman Geosyncline- a symposium,
Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Division, Brisbane, p. 161-181.
Murray, C.G. (1985)- Tectonic setting of the Bowen Basin. In: Bowen Basin Coal Symposium, Geol. Soc.
Australia Abstracts 17, p. 5-16.
Murray, C.G. (1986)- Metallogeny and tectonic development of the Tasman Fold Belt System in Queensland.
Ore Geol. Rev. 1, p. 315-400.
Murray, C.G. (1987)- Tectonic evolution and metallogenesis of the New England fold belt, Eastern Australia.
In: Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast 1987, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 353-358.
(New England foldbelt is E part of Tasman foldbelt system. Late Devonian- Early Cretaceous active magmatic
margin. Metallogenic deposits mainly associated with extensive Late Permian- Late Triassic granites and silicic
volcanics)
Murray, C.G. (1990)- Tectonic evolution and metallogenesis of the Bowen Basin. In J. W. Beeston (ed.) Bowen
Basin Symposium 1990, Proc Geol. Soc. Australia, p. 201-212.
Murray, C.G. (2003)- Granites of the northern New England Orogen. In: P. Blevin et al (eds.) The Ishihara
Symposium: Granites and associated metallogenesis, Macquarie University, Geoscience Australia Record
2003/14, p. 101-108.
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(N New England Orogen granites of 4 main age groups: M- Late Devonian (380 Ma; Mt Morgan trondjhemite
oceanic island arc); M Carboniferous- E Permian (330-280 Ma; Connors and Auburn Arches; subduction
followed by extension), Late Permian- Late Triassic (275-205 Ma; Yarrol; subduction changing to extensional
in Late Triassic due to slab rollback) and Early Cretaceous (145-90 Ma; Whitsunday Volcanics; extensional)
Murray C.G. (2007)- Devonian supra-subduction zone setting for the Princhester and Northumberland
Serpentinites: implications for the tectonic evolution of the northern New England Orogen. Australian J. Earth
Sci. 54, p. 899-925.
Murray, C.G., P.R. Blake, L.J. Hutton, I.W. Whitnall, M.A. Hayword, G.A. Simpson & B.G. Fordham (2003)Discussion and Reply- Yarrol terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt: forearc or backarc? Australian J.
Earth Sci. 50, p. 271-278.
(Critical discussion of Bryan et al. (2001) paper, which questioned standard tectonic model of New England
Orogen as Late Devonian- E Carboniferous classic convergent continental margin with parallel volcanic arc,
forearc basin and accretionary wedge assemblages. Bryan et al. model not considered to be viable alternative)
Murray, C.G., C.L. Fergusson, P.G. Flood, W.G. Whitaker & R.J. Korsch (1987)- Plate tectonic model for the
Carboniferous evolution of the New England Fold Belt. Australian J. Earth Sci. 34, p. 213-236.
Mutter, J.C. (1977)- The Queensland Plateau. BMR Geol. Geophys. Bull, 179, p. 1-55.
(Queensland Plateau large submarine plateau (237,000 km2) in 200- 3000 m water depth. Widespread uplift
and erosion in Late Cretaceous- M Eocene, forming planar basement surface. Subsidence began in M Eocene,
with faulting and differential subsidence of basement surface. Rifting and formation of Queensland and
Townsville basins ended by M Oligocene, followed by period of thermal subsidence. Sediment thickness from
300m on basement highs to >1000 m in graben structures)
Mutter, J.C. & D. Jongsma (1978)- The pattern of the Pre-Tasman Sea rift system and the geometry of breakup.
Bull. Australian Soc. Explor. Geophys. 9, 3, p. 70-75.
Mutter, J.C. & G. Karner (1978)- Cretaceous taphrogeny in the Coral Sea. Bull. Austral. Soc. Explor. Geoph. 9,
3, p. 82-87.
(Little evidence to support Cretaceous taphrogenesis preceding separation of continental blocks in Coral Sea)
Mutter, J.C. & G. Karner (1978)- The evolution of the continental margin off Northeast Australia- a review. In:
R.A. Henderson (ed.) Geophysics of Northeastern Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia, Brisbane, p. 47-69.
Mutter, J.C. & G. Karner (1980)- The continental margin off northeast Australia. In: R.A. Henderson & P.J.
Stephenson (eds.) The Geology and Geophysics of Northeast Australia. Geol. Soc. Australia, Queensland Div.,
Brisbane, p. 47-69.
Neumann, N.L. (2007)- Time-space evolution of the Georgetown and Coen regions. In: N.L. Neumann & L.
Geoffrey (eds.) (2007)- Geochronological synthesis and time-space plots for Proterozoic Australia, Geoscience
Australia, Canberra, Record 2007/06, p. 74-87.
(Proterozoic igneous- metamorphic events of Georgetown and Coen inliers of N Queensland mainly 1540-1590
Ma and ~1680-1720 Ma. Georgetown Region also magmatism in Silurian- E Devonian and CarboniferousPermian. Coen Region also Silurian-Devonian, Late Devonian- E Carboniferous and Carboniferous-Permian
magmatism)
Neumann, N.L. & L. Geoffrey (eds.) (2007)- Geochronological synthesis and time-space plots for Proterozoic
Australia. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Record 2007/06, p. 1-216.
(Extensive overview of ages of igneous rocks and episodes of metamorphism in Proterozoic across Australia.
Very useful for provenance analysis of detrital zircons)
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Norvick, M.S. & M.A. Smith (2001)- Mapping the plate tectonic reconstruction of southern and southeastern
Australia and Implications for petroleum systems. APPEA J., p. 15-35.
Norvick, M.S., M.A. Smith, & M.R. Power (2001)- The plate tectonic evolution of Eastern Australia guided by
the stratigraphy of the Gippsland Basin. PESA Eastern Australian Basins Symposium, Melbourne, p. 15-23.
Nott, J. & S. Horton (2000)- 180 Ma continental drainage divide in northeastern Australia: role of passive
margin tectonics. Geology 28, 8, p. 763-766.
(Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Jurassic-Tertiary sediments in Laura and Carpentaria basins in NE
Australia show continental drainage divide here remained stationary since M Jurassic. Maximum of only 50 m
of denudation could have occurred on continental drainage divide here since Cretaceous)
O'Brien, P.E., R.J. Korsch, A.T. Wells, M.J. Sexton & K. Wake-Dyster (1994)- Structure and tectonics of the
Clarence-Moreton Basin. In: A.T. Wells & P.E. O'Brien (eds.) Geology and petroleum potential of the
Clarence-Moreton Basin, New South Wales and Queensland, AGSO, Bull. 241, p. 195-216.
Offler, R. & D.A. Foster (2008)- Timing and development of oroclines in the southern New England Orogen,
New South Wales. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 55, p. 331-340.
Offler, R. & J. Gamble (2002)- Evolution of an intra-oceanic island arc during the Late Silurian to Late
Devonian, New England Fold Belt. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 49, p. 349-366.
Offler, R. & C. Murray (2011)- Devonian volcanics in the New England Orogen: tectonic setting and polarity.
Gondwana Res. 19, 3, p. 706-715.
(Devonian volcanics in New England Orogen formed in intra-oceanic island arc and back arc basin settings.
Many samples that formed in BAB have mixed MORB and arc characteristics, believed to be due to subduction
component in basaltic magma. Samples with MORB-like compositions originated at spreading centres. Late
Devonian basalts more arc-like to W, suggesting W-facing polarity. Two subduction zones in Late Devonian:
(1) dipping W beneath Lachlan Orogen, (2) dipping E beneath rifted intra oceanic arc. Obduction of this intra
oceanic arc over continental margin of Lachlan Orogen in latest Devonian at ~375 Ma led to development of
new W dipping subduction zone oceanward and start of continental, arc magmatism)
O'Sullivan, P.B., D.A. Foster, B.P. Kohn & A.J.W. Gleadow (1996)- Multiple postorogenic denudation events:
an example from the eastern Lachlan fold belt, Australia. Geology 24, 6, p. 563-566.
(Fission-track results from E part of Lachlan fold belt suggest two distinct episodes of rapid km-scale
denudation since M Carboniferous when deformation in fold belt ceased: (1) E Triassic, possibly response to
Hunter-Bowen orogeny, affected New England fold belt, Sydney-Bowen basin, and now Lachlan fold belt (2) M
Cretaceous, possibly in response to onset of continental extension in Tasman Sea at ~96 Ma, resulting in kmscale denudation over much of SE highlands of Australia)
Passmore, V.L. (1980)- Laura Basin. In: Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ESCAP
region, VII, ESCAP Atlas of stratigraphy II, Australia, Japan, Mineral Res. Dev. Ser.s 46, p. 23-27.
(Well cross-section of N-S trending Laura Basin shows ~500-700m sandy Middle- Late Jurassic section
(Dalrymple Sst, Gilbert River Fm), unconformably over Hodgkinson Basin Permian. Basin trends offshore
under Great Barrier Reef)
Peters, S.G. (1993)- Polygenetic melange in the Hodgkinson goldfield, Northern Tasman Orogenic Zone.
Australian J. Earth Sci. 40, 2,p. 115-129.
(Melange intercalated with multiply deformed SiluroDevonian shale, greywacke, clastinmatrix rock, spilite
and chert in Hodgkinson goldfield of NE Australia)
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Powell, C.M. (1984)- Late Devonian and early Carboniferous: continental magmatic arc along the eastern edge
of the Lachlan Fold belt. In: J.J. Veevers (ed.) Phanerozoic Earth History of Australia, Oxford Science Publ., p.
329-240.
Powell, C.M., Z.X. Li & G.A. Thrupp (1990)- Australian Palaeozoic palaeomagnetism and tectonics- I.
Tectonostratigraphic terrane constraints from the Tasman Fold Belt. J. Struct. Geol. 12, p. 553-565.
(Tasman Fold Belt three N-S orogenic realms: Kanmantoo, Lachlan-Thomson and New England. Kanmantoo
Orogen accreted to Australia by Late Cambrian. Lachlan Fold Belt two major amalgamated terranes by M
Silurian, progressively covered, from W in Late Silurian-Late Devonian by quartzose overlap assemblage. New
England Orogen fragmentary E Paleozoic history, but from Devonian onwards related to series of volcanic
island and continental margin magmatic arcs. Docking not demonstrated until mid-Carboniferous)
Power, P.E. & S.B. Devine (1970)- Surat Basin, Australia- subsurface stratigraphy, history and petroleum.
AAPG Bull. 54, 12, p. 2410-2437.
(Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous Surat basin is segment of Great Artesian basin. Deposition of fluvial quartzose
sands began in Late Triassic E of Surat basin and transgressed W-ward to C and N parts of basin, covering
folded and block-faulted Triassic and older rocks. Mainly non-marine deposits, up to 7,500' thick. Uplifterosion event in M Jurassic time. Cretaceous sediments becoming marine. Basin contracted in M Cretaceous
due to deformation N and E of basin. Small Jurassic oil-gas fields. Source probably in nonmarine Jurassic
rocks, but marine Permian may have contributed)
Raza, A., K.C. Hill & R.J. Korsch (2009)- Mid-Cretaceous uplift and denudation of the Bowen and Surat
Basins, eastern Australia: relationship to Tasman Sea rifting from apatite fission-track and vitrinite-reflectance
data. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, p. 501-531.
(Peak paleotemperatures/ depth of burial in Bowen and Gunnedah Basins, E Australia, in Early Cretaceous.
Late Cretaceous (100-80 Ma) cooling, with erosion of up to 1.9 km of Jurassic- Early Cretaceous rock. Uplift
widespread along E margin of Gondwanaland, including all of E Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica. Onset of
mid-Cretaceous denudation coincided with continental extension after cessation of volcanism and subduction at
~95 Ma, and prior to initiation of seafloor spreading at ~84 Ma and formation of current passive margin)
Rey, P.F. & R.D. Muller (2010)- Fragmentation of active continental plate margins owing to the buoyancy of
the mantle wedge. Nature Geoscience 3, p. 257-261.
(Mantle-wedge buoyancy may explain collapse of E Gondwana Cordillera along edge of E Australia/ E
Antarctic. At 105-90 Ma, change in absolute plate motion reduced subduction velocity, triggering gravitational
collapse of orogen and fragmentation of active margin)
Roberts, J. (1987)- Carboniferous faunas: their role in the recognition oftectonostratigraphic terranes in the
Tasman Belt, eastern Australia. In: Terrane accretion and orogenic belts, Amer. Geoph. Union, Geodyn Ser. 19,
p. 93-102.
(Two marine invertebrate assemblages in Carboniferous shelfal successions of Australia: (1) high diversity,
warm water, E Carboniferous Cosmopolitan; (2) low diversity, cold water, M-L Carboniferous Gondwanan. In
E Carboniferous Yarrol-New England portion of Tasman Tasman Belt may be separate terrane, in nearequatorial position N of Australia, as indicated by palaeomagnetic data, and docked later in Carboniferous)
Roberts, J. & B.A. Engel (1980)- Carboniferous palaeogeography of the Yarrol and New England orogens,
eastern Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 27, p. 167-186.
Roberts, J., P.J. Jones & T.B.H. Jenkins (1993)- Revised correlations for Carboniferous marine invertebrate
zones of eastern Australia. Alcheringa 17, 4, p. 353-376.
(Update of E Australian faunal zonations and chronostratigraphy of Carboniferous. Gondwanan assemblages
succeeding E Carboniferous cosmopolitan faunas cannot be readily correlated with N Hemisphere biozones)
Rosenbaum, G., P. Li & D. Rubatto (2012)- The contorted New England Orogen (eastern Australia): new
evidence from U-Pb geochronology of early Permian granitoids. Tectonics 31, TC1006, p. 1-14.
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(Sharp bends (oroclines) in Paleozoic- E Mesozoic New England Orogen of E Australia, obscured by
voluminous magmatism (E Permian granitoids zircon U-Pb ages 296-288 Ma). Phase of younger magmatism
(<260 Ma) postdates orocline development. Tectonic model involves early stage of subduction curvature during
slab rollback at 300-285 Ma, followed by bending associated with dextral transpression and final tightening
possibly by E-W shortening during Late Permian- Triassic (265-230 Ma) Hunter-Bowen orogeny)
Schellart, W.P., B.L.N. Kennett, W. Spakman & M. Amaru (2009)- Plate reconstructions and tomography
reveal a fossil lower mantle slab below the Tasman Sea. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 278, p. 143-151.
(New P-wave and S-wave mantle tomography models from SW Pacific identify flat-lying high-velocity anomaly
below Tasman Sea at ~1100 km depth that cannot be linked to Pacific subduction. It strikes NW-SE and is
~2200 x 600-900 km in lateral extent. Can be reinterpreted as middle Cenozoic single NE-dipping New
Caledonia fossil subduction zone)
Shaw, S.E. & R.H. Flood (1981)- The New England Batholith, Eastern Australia: geochemical variations in
time and space: J. Geophys. Res.. 86, p. 10530-10544.
Sircombe, K.N. (1999)- Tracing provenance through the isotope ages of littoral and sedimentary detrital zircon,
eastern Australia. Sedim. Geol. 124, p. 47-67.
(Provenance of detrital zircons in 19 littoral and sedimentary deposits in E Australia four age groups: (1) 100175 Ma= Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanism along E Australian margin; (2) 225-350 Ma = New England Orogen;
(3) 350-500 Ma correlated with magmatism in Lachlan Orogen. Ultimate source of Pacific-Gondwana 500-700
Ma ages tentatively identified as Neoproterozoic orogeny along E Antarctic margin. Lachlan Orogen age
grouping stronger in S, New England Orogen age grouping stronger in N)
Sivell, W.J. & J.B. Waterhouse (1988)- Petrogenesis of Gympie Group volcanics: evidence for remnants of an
Early Permian volcanic arc in eastern Australia. Lithos 21, 2, p. 81-95.
(Gympie Group, SE Queensland, tectonomorphically anomalous Lower Permian submarine volcanic sequence
composed of mafic basalt- basaltic andesites, breccias and subordinate lavas, with dacitic tuffs and glassy flows.
Gympie suite represents immature submarine tholeiitic stage of portion of major intra-oceanic arc that bordered
Gondwana, but was fragmented by opening of Tasman Sea)
Smart, J. & B.R. Senior (1980)- Jurassic-Cretaceous basins of northeastern Australia. In: R.A. Henderson& J.P.
Stephenson. (eds.) The geology and geophysics of Northeastern Australia, Third Australian Geol. Conv.,
Townsville, Geol. Soc. Australia, p. 315-328.
(On Carpenteria, Laura basins in N Queensland)
Sommacal, S., L. Pryer, J. Blevin et al. (2008)- Clarence-Moreton SEEBASE TM and Structural GIS Project.
FrOG Tech Pty Ltd. Report to NSW DPI, p. 1-37.
(Online
at:
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/244339/MR707-Clarence-MoretonSEEBASE-structural-GIS-project.pdf)
(Clarence-Moreton Basin, with non-marine Late Triassic- E Cretaceous section, formed on basement of probable
tightly folded pre-Permian forearc and accretionary wedge material with granitoid intrusions. M-L Triassic early
basin deposits include Nymboida and Ipswich coals. Also M Jurassic coal in sag phase across much of basin)
SRK Consulting (2010)- Gunnedah Bowen Study. Report to NSW DPI, p. 1-97.
(Online at: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/minerals/resources/petroleum/reports)
(Major study on coal-bearing Permian-Triassic Gunnedah, Sydney and Bowen Basins, which developed mostly W
of the N-trending suture between the Lachlan Foldbelt and New England foldbelts)
Stratford, J.M.C. & J. C. Aitchison (1996)- Devonian intra-oceanic arc rift sedimentation- facies development in
the Gamilaroi terrane, New England orogen, eastern Australia. Sediment. Geol. 101, p. 173-192.
(Silurian-Devonian rocks in Gamilaroi terrane of New England orogen example of intra-oceanic arc rift, with
volcaniclastics deposited by debris flows and turbidity currents. Subordinate facies include limestones, crystalrich volcaniclastic sandstones, volcanic breccias and olistostromes. Felsic volcanics at base of section
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represent part of original arc and are overlain by volcaniclastic sandstones and mudstones deposited within an
arc basin. Lower Devonian (Emsian) limestones. Thick pillow basalts at top of succession)
Struckmeyer, H.I.M. & P.A. Symonds (1997)- Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Townsville Basin,
Townsville Trough, offshore northeast Australia. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 44, p. 799-817.
(Townsville Basin is E-W extensional half-graben, separating Marion and Queensland Plateaus, off NE
Australia. No direct control on stratigraphy; timing of basin formation and age of sediments interpreted from
regional context. Up to ~6.5 km sediment in two megasequences: (1) probably Cretaceous synrift in
faultcontrolled depocentres up to 4 km thick; (2) Tertiary sagphase up to 3.8 km thick. Halfgrabens contain
several rotational blocks. Compartmentalised into subbasins by NNW-NW trending transverse zones, which
may represent preexisting basement structures. Two extensional events. Structuring event during early
sagphase followed by multiple reactivation in ?Late Miocene- E Pliocene. Townsville Basin part of complex
rift system of probable Late Jurassic-E Cretaceous age, formed as result of oblique extension that utilised
preexisting Palaeozoic structural trends. Comparison with trends of adjacent Queensland Trough suggests
formation of both basins independent of (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene) seafloor spreading in Tasman and Coral
Sea Basins)
Symonds, P.A., J. Fritsch & H. Schluter (1984)- Continental margin around the western Coral Sea Basin:
structural elements, seismic sequences and petroleum geological aspects. In: S.T. Watson (ed.) Trans. Third
Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference, Hawaii, AAPG, p. 243-252.
(Coral Sea oppposing margins of Queensland and Papuan Plateaus underlain by (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene)
rift zone which would have been up to 80 km wide before continental break up. Outer basement highs, with low
angle contacts with oceanic crust, in oceanward part of rift zone on both sides of Coral Sea Basin and under
lower slope of Eastern Plateau, N Queensland Trough and Osprey Embayment. N Queensland Trough and W
margin of Eastern Plateau underlain by grabens with up to 5 km of sediments, part of which may be Mesozoic
deltaic sequence similar to that intersected in Anchor Cay 1 well, or deeper water equivalent)
Symonds, P.A., J.B. Colwell, H.I. Struckmeyer, J.B. Willcox & P.J. Hill (1996)- Mesozoic rift basin
development off eastern Australia, Geol. Soc. Australia Bull. 43, p. 528-542.
Taylor, L.W.H. (1975)- Depositional and tectonic patterns in the western Coral Sea. Bull. Austr. Soc. Explor.
Geophys. 6, p. 33-35.
(Preliminary results of DSDP Legs 21 and 30 in Coral Sea. Lower Eocene ocean floor age established at Site
287. Uplift of PNG Owen Stanley Range in latest Oligocene- E Miocene reflected in shedding of detritus into
Coral Sea, etc. Fly River of PNG not major sediment source for Coral Sea. U Cretaceous- Paleocene rift valley
sequence interpreted fon edge of Queensland Plateau, less definitive at SE edge of Papuan Plateau and W part
of Louisiade Platform)
Taylor, L. & D. Falvey (1977)- Queensland Plateau and Coral Sea Basin: stratigraphy, structure and tectonics.
The APEA J. 1997, p. 13-29.
(Seismic and gravity show up to 3km thick U Cretaceous-Paleogene rift-valley sequences under offshore NE
Australia Queensland and Townsville Troughs)
Totterdell, J.M., J. Moloney, R.J. Korsch & A.A. Krassay (2009)- Sequence stratigraphy of the BowenGunnedah and Surat Basins in New South Wales. Australian J. Earth Sci. 56, 3, p. 433-459.
Veevers, J.J., P.J. Conaghan & C.M. Powell (1994)- Eastern Australia. In: J.J. Veevers & C.M. Powell (eds.)
Permian-Triassic Pangean basins and foldbelts along the Panthalassan margin of Gondwanaland, Geol. Soc.
America Mem. 184, p. 11-172.
(Extensive overview of Tasmanides geology)
Vos, I.M.A., F.P. Bierlein & D. Phillips (2007)- The Palaeozoic tectono-metallogenic evolution of the northern
Tasman Fold Belt system, Australia: interplay of subduction rollback and accretion. Ore Geology Rev. 30, p.
277-296.
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Vos, I.M.A., F.P. Bierlein & J. Webb (2006)- Geochemistry of Early- Middle Palaeozoic basalts in the
Hodgkinson Province: a key to tectono-magmatic evolution of the Tasman Fold Belt System in northeastern
Queensland, Australia. Int. J. Earth Sci. 95, 4, p. 569-585.
(Hodgkinson Province Late Ordovician- Devonian tholeiitic- calc-alkaline basalts interspersed with marine
sedimentary rocks and limestones, metamorphosed to lower greenschist facies. Decreasing volcanic arc affinity
of Silurian-Devonian MORB-type basalts. Interpreted to reflect deposition in back-arc basin setting. Onset of
basin extension in Silurian, accelerated subsidence through Devonian and halted by basin inversion in Late
Devonian. Basin evolution controlled by E-ward stepping subduction zone outboard of Australian Craton)
Wartenberg, W. (2005)- The concealed Tamworth Belt (New England Orogen)- stratigraphic and geophysical
observations depicting a thrust-related geometry in southern Queensland, Australia. Doct. Diss. Rheinischen
Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, 106p.
(extended abstract online at http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/2005/0534/0534-1.pdf)
(Tamworth and Yarrol Belts part of Devonian-Carboniferous fore-arc basin, partly concealed in W by
Permian-Triassic Bowen and Gumnnedal rift basins. Age equivalent accretionary wedge assemblages in
outcrop across E part of orogeny, e.g. Tablelands Complex in NSW and Beenleigh, DAguilar, Wandilla and
Shoalwater terranes in Queensland. Magmatic arc exposed only in N NEO (Conners and Auburn arcs))
Waschbusch, P., R.J. Korsch & C. Beaumont (2009)- Geodynamic modelling in aspects of the Bowen,
Gunnedah, Surat and Eromanga basins from the perspective of convergent margin processes: Australian J. Earth
Sci. 56, p. 309-334.
(Geodynamic modelling of Bowen, Gunnedah, Surat and Eromanga Basins. Bowen and Gunnedah Basins
subsidence in early Late Permian initial foreland phase platform tilting associated with W-directed subduction.
Late Permian-E Triassic platform tilting due to foreland loading, as thrust front in New England Orogen
migrated W-ward. Surat and Eromanga subsidence also dynamic platform tilting. Uplift of Eastern Highlands
in mid-Cretaceous due to rebound of lithosphere after cessation of W-directed subduction)
Waterhouse, J.B. & W.J. Sivell (1987)- Permian evidence for Trans-Tasman relationships between East
Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Tectonophysics 142, p. 227-240.
(E Permian submarine volcanic sequence of Gympie Group, SE Queensland suggestive of immature submarine,
tholeiitic stage of arc development on thin (oceanic) crust. M Carboniferous-Permian calc-alkaline Camboon
arc to W developed on continental crust. Volcanics and overlying sediments of Gympie Group similar to
volcanic arc and adjoining formations of Nelson-Eglinton-Takitimu areas of New Zealand. Dacitic volcanics in
New Caledonia may form young part of same volcanic arc. Overlying Permian sediments further similarities
between three regions. New Zealand was locus for actively spreading mid-ocean ridge (Dun Mt Ultramafics/
Patuki ophiolite complex), Gympie lay towards end of mid-ocean ridge, New Caledonia close to terminus of
volcanic arc and received more terrestrial sediment)
Webb, G.E. (1990)- Lower Carboniferous coral fauna of the Rockhampton Group, east-central Queensland. In:
P.A. Jell (ed.) Devonian and Carboniferous coral studies, Assoc. Australasian Pal. Mem. 10, p. 1-167.
Webb, A.W. & I. McDougall (1968)- The geochronology of the igneous rocks of Eastern Queensland. J. Geol.
Soc. Australia 15, p. 313-346.
Webby, B.D. (1987)- Biogeographic significance of some Ordovician faunas in relation to east Australian
Tasmanide suspect terranes. In: E.C. Leitch & E. Scheibner (eds.) Terrane accretion and orogenic belts, AGU
Geodyn. Ser. 19, p. 103-117.
Weissel, J.K. & D.E. Hayes (1978)- Evolution of the Tasman Sea reappraised. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 36, p. 7784.
(Revised interpretations of S Tasman Sea magnetic lineations and fracture zones. Simple two-plate spreading
system, active between about 82-60 Ma)
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Weissel, J.K. & A.B. Watts (1979)- Tectonic evolution of the Coral Sea Basin. J. Geoph. Res. 84, B9, p. 45724582.
(Coral Sea magnetic lineations strike N70W, almost parallel to N margin Queensland Plateau. Coral Sea
began opening at ~62 Ma. Coral Sea spreading ceased at ~56 Ma, at same time as Tasman Sea, but rotating
about different poles, suggesting plate boundaries met at triple junction near E end of Coral basin)
Wellman, P. (1995)- Interpretation of regional magnetic and gravity data in Cape York Peninsula, Queensland.
Australian Geol. Survey Org. Record 1995/45, 53p.
Wellman, P. (1995)- The Lakefield Basin: a new Permian basin in far North Queensland. Queensland
Government Mining Journal 95, 19-23.
Wellman, P., H.I.M. Struckmeyer, P.A. Symonds, M.E. Fellows, D.L. Scott & J.J. Draper (1997)- Coral Sea
region. In: J.H.C. Bain & J.J. Draper (eds.) North Queensland geology, AGSO Bull. 240, p. 409-418.
Wells, A.T. & P.E. O'Brien (1994)- Lithostratigraphic framework of the Clarence-Moreton Basin. In: A.T.
Wells & P.E. O'Brien (eds.) Geology and petroleum potential of the Clarence-Moreton Basin, New South Wales
and Queensland, AGSO, Bull. 241, p. 4-47.
Withnall, I.W., R. Bultitude, S.C. Lang, P.J. Donchak & R.L. Hammond (1987)- Geology and tectonic history
of the Palaeozoic Hodgkinson and Broken River provinces, North Queensland. In: E. Brennan (ed.) Proc.
Pacific Rim Congress 1987, Gold Coast, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 495-498.
(Hodgkinson and Broken River provinces of N part of Tasman Orogen separated by Late Paleozoic igneous
rocks, but probably originally continuous. Hodgkinson Province multiply deformed and composed mainly of
Silurian-Devonian turbidites, mainly quartz-rich and continent-derived. With probably allochthonous limestone
lenses (with E Silurian- E Devonian conodonts))
Withnall, I.W.& R.A. Henderson (2012)- Accretion on the long-lived continental margin of northeastern
Australia. Episodes 35, 1,p. 166-176.
(online at: http://www.episodes.co.in/contents/2012/march/p166-176.pdf)
(S part of Tasman Orogenic Zone broad tract of crust, ~1,000 km across, added to cratonic core of Australia.
In N Queensland much smaller volume of new crust generated, expressing slow accretion. As a consequence,
three large-scale, successive Paleozoic active margin igneous assemblages form largely co-located and
overprinting belts with plutonic suites stitching Tasman Line and extending into craton)
Withnall, I.W., D.E. Mackenzie, T.J. Denaro, J.H.C. Bain et al. (1997)- Georgetown Region. In: J.H.C. Bain &
J.J. Draper (eds.) North Queensland Geology, Australian Geol. Survey Org. Bull. 240/ Queensland Geology 9,
p. 19-116.
Zuchetto, R.G., R.A. Henderson, B.K. Davis & R. Wysoczansky (1999)- Age constraints on deformation of the
eastern Hodgkinson Province, North Queensland: new perspectives on the evolution of the northern Tasman
Orogenic Zone. Australian J. Earth Sci. 46, p. 105-114.
(Granitic plutons intrude Hodgkinson Fm of E Hodgkinson Province, N Queensland. Fabrics show four
deformational events. Plutons two supersuites: (1) latest Devonian- earliest Carboniferous, with emplacement
age of ~357 Ma (Mt Formartine Suite); (2) Early Permian Wangetti suite (majority of granites). DevonianCarboniferous granites emplacement associated with first episode of regional orogenesis and development of
penetrative fabrics in Hodgkinson-Broken River Fold Belt)
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IX.9. SW Pacific, New Zealand

Adams, C.J. (2011)- Lost Terranes of Zealandia: possible development of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic
sedimentary basins at the Southwest Pacific margin of Gondwanaland, and their destination as terranes in
southern South America. Andean Geol. 37, 2, p. 442-454.
(Metasedimentary rocks in Chilean archipelago have significant Mesoproterozoic, latest NeoproterozoicCambrian and Devonian-Carboniferous detrital zircon age components in common with 'lost terranes of
Zealandia')
Adams, C.J., M.E. Barley, I.R. Fletcher & A.L. Pickard (1998)- Evidence from U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar
muscovite detrital mineral ages in metasandstones for movement of the Torlesse suspect terrane around the
eastern margin of Gondwanaland. Terra Nova 10, 4, p. 183-189.
(Detrital zircon and Ar/Ar muscovite ages from Triassic metasandstones of New Zealand Torlesse Terrane
four components: (1) major Triassic-Permian (210-270 Ma), (2) minor Permian-Carboniferous (280-350 Ma)
granitoids, (3) minor E-M Paleozoic metamorphics (420-460 Ma) and (4) minor Late Precambrian-Cambrian
igneous and metamorphic complexes (480-570 Ma). Ages compatible with granitoid terranes of N New
England Orogen in NE Australia. Torlesse Terrane originated at NE Australian margin, then moved 2500 km
S by Late Cretaceous (90 Ma) (Conclusion questioned by Murray (2003): although similar age range, little or
no muscovite in Permian Triassic granites of New England foldbelt))
Adams, C.J., H.J. Campbell, I.J. Graham & N. Mortimer (1998)- Torlesse, Waipapa and Caples suspect terranes
of New Zealand: integrated studies of their geological history in relation to neighbouring terranes. Episodes 21,
4, p. 235-240.
(Review of Permian-Cretaceous of Torlesse, Waipapa and Caples sedimentary terranes of E New Zealand,
originally part of E Gondwana margin)
Adams, C.J., H.J. Campbell & W.L. Griffin (2007)- Provenance comparisons of Permian to Jurassic
tectonostratigraphic terranes in New Zealand: perspectives from detrital zircon age patterns. Geol. Mag. 144, 4,
p. 701-729.
(Zircon ages for 20 Cretaceous-Carboniferous sandstones from 7 terranes of E New Zealand. Persistent, large
Triassic-Permian (main peaks in ~240-265 Ma range) and few Devonian-Silurian populations. Extensive
Triassic-Permian zircon sources only in New England Fold Belt and Hodgkinson Province of NE Australia and
continuations into Tasman Sea)
Adams, C.J., D. Cluzel & W.L. Griffin (2009)- Detrital-zircon ages and geochemistry of sedimentary rocks in
basement Mesozoic terranes and their cover rocks in New Caledonia, and provenances at the eastern
Gondwanaland margin. Austral. J. Earth Sci. 56, p. 1023-1047.
(Older (>250 Ma), zircons in New Caledonia sediments >90% Early Paleozoic and Precambrian ages (500700 Ma). Surprisingly few zircons in M Permian- E Triassic (245-270 Ma) age range, presumably due to
depocenters and barriers between area and New England Orogen)
Adams, C.J. & S. Kelley (1998)- Provenance of Permian-Triassic and Ordovician metagraywacke terranes in
New Zealand: evidence from 40Ar/39Ar dating of detrital micas. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 110, p. 422-432.
(Permo-Triassic ages of detrital muscovite in New Zealand Torlesse terrane similar to ages of granites in New
England foldbelt (but these granites contain very rare muscovite; Murray 2003))
Adams, C.J., R.J. Pankhurst, R. Maas, I.L. Millar (2005)- Nd and Sr isotopic signatures of metasedimentary
rocks around the South Pacific margin and implications for their provenance. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ.
246, p. 113-141.
(Nd-Sr isotope database of Paleozoic- Mesozoic metasedimentary successions enables characterization of New
Zealand terranes)
Aitchison, J. C., S. Meffre & D. Cluzel (1995)- Cretaceous/Tertiary radiolarians from New Caledonia. Geol.
Soc. New Zealand, Misc. Publ. 81A, 70 p.
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Aitchison, J.C., T.R. Ireland, G.L. Clarke, D. Cluzel et al. (1998)- Regional implications of U/Pb SHRIMP age
constraints on the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia. Tectonophysics 299, 4, p. 333-343.
(Ages for zircons from plagiogranites indicate Late Carboniferous age for basement of Koh terrane in Central
Chain Mts of New Caledonia. Ophiolites ages of 3027 Ma and 2905 Ma, respectively. Similar to
plagiogranites in Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt/ Maitai terrane of New Zealand)
Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2000)- Eocene arc-continent collision in New Caledonia and implications for
regional southwest Pacific tectonic evolution. Geology 23, p. 161-164.
Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2000)- Significance of palaeomagnetic data from the oceanic Poya Terrane, New
Caledonia, for SW Pacific tectonic models. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 177, p. 153-161.
Ali, J.R. & J.C. Aitchison (2002)- Paleomagnetic-tectonic study of the New Caledonia Koh Ophiolite and the
mid-Eocene obduction of the Poya Terrane. New Zealand J. Geol. Geoph. 45, p. 313-322.
(online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.2002.9514976)
(Paleomagnetic study on allochthonous Late Paleozoic Koh Ophiolite of New Caledonia. Large spread of
directions, impossible to deduce latitude of ophiolite formation: 'subequatorial to mid-latitude S Hemisphere
location' strongest justifiable statement. Overprint equates to paleolatitude of 37.6 6.2S and may correspond
to position of New Caledonia when overthust by oceanic Poya Terrane in M Eocene)
Aronson, J.L. & G.R. Tilton (1971)- Probable Precambrian detrital zircons in New Caledonia and Southwest
Pacific continental structure. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 82, p. 3449-3456.
(Detrital zircons from Cretaceous arkosic sandstone of SW New Caledonia mainly clear, euhadral and of Late
Cretaceous ago. Also 1% rounded colored grains, probably with age of 1000 Ma or more. Old grains probably
derived from Lord Howe Rise, a foundered extension of Australian continent)
Audet, M.A. (2008)- Le massif du Koniambo, Nouvelle-Caledonie. Formation et obduction dun complexe
ophiolitique du type SSZ. Enrichissement en nickel, cobalt et scandium dans les profils residuels. Doct. Thesis
Univ. de Quebec, Montreal, p. 1-294.
(online at: http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/userfiles/TheseMarcAntoineAudet2008.pdf)
(On Koniambo ophiolitic complex in New Caledonia and distribution of nickel, cobalt, scandium in weathered
profile. Various geological units in study area are inverted structural assemblages of ophiolite suite, affected by
passage through supra-subductiion environment. Contrast with less dismembered ultramafic sequences of
Massif du Sud. Late Eocene obduction)
Auzende, J.M., S. Van de Beuque, M. Regnier, Y. Lafoy & P. Symonds (2000)- Origin of the New Caledonian
ophiolites based on a French- Australian seismic transect. Marine Geol. 162, p. 225-236.
Avias, J. (1953)- Contribution l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie centrale.
Sciences de la Terre, Nancy 1, p. 1-276.
(Contribution to the study of the stratigraphy and paleontology of Central New Caledonia)
Baldwin, S.L., T. Rawling & P.G. Fitzgerald (2007)- Thermochronology of the New Caledonia high-pressure
terrrane: implications for Middle Tertiary plate boundary processes in the Southwest Pacific. In: M. Cloos et al.
(eds.) Convergent margin terranes and associated regions, Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Publ. 419, p. 117-134.
(Young blueschist- eclogite facies rocks in NE New Caledonia record Eocene subduction metamorphism (44
Ma) and exhumation (40-34 Ma) and Oligocene (<34 Ma) juxtaposition against other basement terranes)
Ballance, P.F. (1999)- Simplification of the Southwest Pacific Neogene arcs: inherited complexity and control
by a retreating pole of rotation. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. 164, p. 7-19.
(Neogene arc activity in SW Pacific began simultaneously at 25 Ma on three differently oriented sectors)
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Beavan, J., P. Tregoning, M. Bevis, T. Kato & C. Meertens (2002)- Motion and rigidity of the Pacific Plate and
implications for plate boundary deformation. J. Geoph. Res. 107, B10, 2261, p. 19/1- 19/15.
Beckmann, J. P. (1976)- Shallow water foraminifers and associated microfossils from Sites 315, 316 and 318,
DSDP Leg 33. In: S.O.Schlanger, E.D. Jackson et al. (eds.) Init. Repts. DSDP 33, p. 467- .
Belasky, P. & B.N. Runnegar (1993)- Biogeographic constraints for tectonic reconstructions of the Pacific
region. Geology 21, p. 979-983.
(Suspect terranes in W North America contain Permian and Triassic genera endemic to Tethyan region)
Black, P.M. (1993)- Tectonism, magmatism and sedimentary basin development, Paleozoic to Paleogene, New
Caledonia. In: G.H. Teh (ed.) Proc. Symposium on the Tectonic framework and energy resources of the western
margin of the Pacific Basin, Kuala Lumpur 1992, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 33, p. 331-341.
(New Caledonia is emergent portion of Norfolk Ridge N of New Zealand. Three pre-Cretaceous basement
terranes, stitched together by Early Cretaceous metamorphism, deformation and intrusions. Late CretaceousPaleogene extensional sedimentary basin formation, followed by E Oligocene obduction of New Caledonian
ultramafic sheet)
Black, P.M. & R.N. Brothers (1977)- Blueschist ophiolites in the melange zone, northern New Caledonia.
Contr. Min. Petrol. 65, p. 69-78.
Black, P.M. & R.N. Brothers (1989)- High pressure metamorphism of ophiolites in Northern New Caledonia.
Ofioliti 13, p. 89-99.
Brothers, R.N. (1974)- High-pressure schists in Northern New Caledonia. Contr. Mineralogy Petrol. 46, 2, p.
109-127.
(Regional Oligocene- E Miocene (38-21 Ma) high-P metamorphism in NE (oceanward) dipping convergence
zone produced schist belt adjacent to thrust-melange zone along NE margin of New Caledonia. At same time Wwards obduction of basalt-gabbro-peridotite massif. Continuous progression from lawsonite-albite facies
through glaucophanitic greenschists to eclogitic albite-epidote amphibolites)
Brothers, R.N. (1987)- Regional geology of New Caledonia and northern North Island, New Zealand. In:
Pacific Rim Congress 87, Gold Coast 1987, Australasian Inst. Mining Metall., Parkville, p. 61-63.
(New Caledonia and northern New Zealand similar Late Paleozoic- Paleocene rock units, but differ in
subsequent geological histories. New Caledonia Late Eocene obduction of oceanic crust. N New Zealand Late
Oligocene ophiolite obductionand extensive Late Tertiary- Quaternary volcanics)
Brothers, R.N. & M.C. Blake (1973)- Tertiary plate tectonics and high-pressure metamorphism in New
Caledonia. Tectonophysics 17, p. 337-358.
Brothers, R.N. & A.R. Lillie (1988)- Regional geology of New Caledonia. In: A.E.M. Nairn, F.G. Stehli & S.
Uyeda (eds.) The ocean basins and margins 7, The Pacific Ocean, Plenum Press, New York, p. 325-374.
Burns, R.E. & J.E. Andrews (1973)- Regional aspects of deep sea drilling in the southwest Pacific. Init. Repts.
Deep Sea Drilling Project 21, p. 897-906.
Callot, J.V., A. Malahoff, J. Recy, G. Latham & F. Missegue (1987)- Overthrust emplacement of New
Caledonia ophiolite: geophysical evidence. Tectonics 6, p. 215-232.
Campbell, H.J. (1994)- The Triassic bivalves Daonella and Halobia in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and
Svalbard. Inst. Geol. & Nuclear Sciences Mon. 4, New Zealand Geol. Survey Pal. Bull. 66, 165 p.
Campbell, H.J. (1995)- Permian-Triassic links between Southeast Asia and New Zealand. In: Proc. Int.
Symposium Geology of SE Asia and adjacent areas, J. Geology, Geol. Survey Vietnam, Hanoi, 5-6, p. 304-305.
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(Abstract only) (Permian- Triassic marine sequences in New Zealand two tectonostratigraphic terranes. W
Province is continental fragment of Australian Gondwana. E Province is series of accreted terranes: island arcs
with Permian- Jurassic histories and sedimentary complex derived from Permo-Triassic granitoid source. Origin
of these terranes may be near N Queensland or SE Asia)
Campbell, H.J. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1984)- Biostratigraphy of the Mesozoic Baie de St.-Vincent Group, New
Caledonia. J. Royal Soc. New Zealand 14, p. 349-366.
(Upper Triasssic (with widespread Halobia, Monotis)- Lower Jurassic marine succession, >1000m thick)
Campbell, H.J., J.A. Grant-Mackie & J.P. Paris (1985)- Geology of the Moindou-Teremba area, New Caledonia.
Stratigraphy and structure of the Teremba Group (Permian- Lower Triassic) and Baie de St-Vincent Group
(Upper Triassic- Lower Jurassic). Geologie de la France 1, p. 19-36.
Campbell, J.D. (1974)- Heterastridium (Hydrozoa) from Norian sequences inNew Caledonia and New Zealand. J.
Royal Soc. New Zealand 4, 4, p. 447-453.
(Globular bodies with vermicularly-sculptured surfaces identified as pelagic? hydrozoan Heterastridium
conglobatum in Upper Norian Monotis shell bed on l'Ile Hugon, New Caledonia. Less well-preserved specimens
in Nelson and Southland, New Zealand. (also known from U Triassic limestones on Timor, Ceram, Hallstatt
Limestone of Alps,etc.; HvG)
Cawood, P.A., C.A. Landis, A.A. Nemchin & S. Hada (2002)- Permian fragmentation, accretion and subsequent
translation of a low latitude Tethyan seamount to the high-latitude east Gondwana margin: evidence from detrital
zircon age data. Geol. Mag. 139, p. 131-144.
(New Zealand S Island Te Akatarawa Terrane, enclosed in Torlesse Terrane: Late Permian detrital zircons from
turbidites above fusulinid-coral limestone block melange 15 My younger than Kungurian fusulinid limestone,
indicating collapse of Permian oceanic seamount on entering subduction zone along Gondwana Pacific margin.
N New England Orogen most likely source for Te Akatarawa sandstones. Turbidites differ from adjoining
Torlesse Permian- M Triassic sands, which also have colder water affinities. Warm-water limestones and 15 My
period between sedimentation and accretion onto continental margin require limestone formed in low-latitude,
probably off NE Australian- New Guinea margin)
Challinor, A.B. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1989)- Jurassic Coleoidea of New Caledonia. Alcheringa 13, 4, p. 269304.
(Coleoid belemnites of New Caledonia widespread in W Coast M Jurassic tuffaceous sst, but rare in Central
Chain U Jurassic offshore facies. Strong development of Dicoelites suggests Indonesian affinity, but New
Caledonian taxa cannot be confidently assigned to either New Zealand or Indonesian belemnite subprovince)
Chaproniere, G.C.H. (1994)- Middle and Late Eocene, Neogene and Quaternary foraminiferal faunas from Eua
and Vavau islands, Tonga Group. In: A.J. Stevenson et al. (eds.) Geology and submarine resources of the
Tonga-Lau-Fiji region. SOPAC Techn. Bull. 8, p. 21-44.
(Two larger foram assemblages in Eocene limestones on Eua Island, Tonga (late M Eocene zones Ta3/ P14
without Pellatispira and latest Eocene/Tb/P17 with Pellatispira). M Miocene/N14 deep-water volcaniclastics
with evidence for reworking from Zones N9 -N10. Pliocene-Pleistocene reefal limestones often contain larger
forams from Eocene. All samples from Vavau with Pliocene or Pleistocene shallow water forams)
Chun Y.Y. & L.W. Kroenke (1993)- A plate tectonic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific, 0-100 Ma. Proc.
ODP Leg 130, Ontong Java Plateau, Scient. Res., p. 697-709.
(Reconstructions of SW Pacific paleogeography back to 100 Ma. Successive periods of convergence along five
paleo-subduction zones that formed concomitantly with changes in Indo-Australia and Pacific plate motions
from Eocene to Late Miocene. Episodes of basin formation along W and SW margins of Pacific Plate and along
E and NE margins of Indo-Australian Plate since Late Cretaceous include the Tasman (85-55 Ma), New
Caledonia (74-65 Ma), Coral Sea (63-53 Ma), Loyalty (52-40 Ma), d'Entrecasteaux (34-28 Ma), Caroline (34-
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27 Ma), Solomon Sea (34-28 Ma), S Fiji (34-27 Ma), N Fiji (10-0 Ma), and Lau, Woodlark, and Manus (5.5-0
Ma) basins. Seamount chains developed over Tasmantid, Lord Howe, Louisville and Samoa hotspots)
Clarke, G.L., J.C. Aitchison & D. Cluzel (1997)- Eclogites and blueschists of the Pam Peninsula, NE New
Caledonia: a reappraisal. J. Petrology 38, 7, p. 843-876.
(Online at: http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/7/843.full.pdf+html)
(Eocene high-P rocks of Pam Peninsula three zones: (1) uppermost ferroglaucophane-lawsonite zone of
Cretaceous-Eocene metasediments and metavolcanics (2) blueschist facies (3) lowermost metabasic eclogites of
uncertain age. Metamorphism and deformation tied to 44-51 Ma thrusting of sedimentary and ophiolitic nappes
over eclogites in SW direction. Mica ages constrain end of metamorphism by 37 Ma)
Cluzel, D., C.J. Adams, S. Meffre, H. Campbell & P. Maurizot (2010)- Discovery of Early Cretaceous rocks in
New Caledonia: new geochemical and U-Pb zircon age constraints on the transition from subduction to
marginal breakup in the Southwest Pacific. J. Geol. 118, 4, p. 381-397.
(Zircon dating of Permian-Mesozoic arc volcanics suggests subduction in New Caledonia not extinct in Late
Jurassic (~150 Ma), but still active in late Early Cretaceous (~130-95 Ma). Rift magmatism that preceded
margin breakup migrated East from ~130 Ma in E Australia to 110 Ma (110-82 Ma) in New Zealand, to ~89
Ma (89-83 Ma) in New Caledonia, generating large volumes of silicic magma. Marginal basins opened
synchronously at ~83 Ma. Australian marginal breakup final effect of continuous S-ward unzipping of
Gondwana)
Cluzel, D., C.J. Adams, P. Maurizot & S. Meffre (2011)- Detrital zircon records of Late Cretaceous syn-rift
sedimentary sequences of New Caledonia: an Australian provenance questioned. Tectonophysics 501, p. 17-27.
(Late Cretaceous coastal clastics of New Caledonia contemporaneous with latest stages of E Australian
marginal rifting. Detrital zircon populations dominated by E Cretaceous, E Paleozoic and Precambrian and
may be local recycled provenance. New Caledonia already isolated from Australia in Coniacian (~89-85 Ma),
consistent with faunal and floral endemism at that time)
Cluzel, D., J.C. Aitchison, , G.L. Clarke, S. Meffre & C. Picard (1994)- Point de vue sur levolution tectonique
et geodynamique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Comptes Rendus Hebd. Seanc Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 319, p. 683-690
Cluzel, D.J., C. Aitchison & C. Picard (2001)- Tectonic accretion and underplating of mafic terranes in the Late
Eocene intraoceanic fore-arc of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific): geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics
340, p. 23-59.
(Late Eocene tectonic accretion, subduction, underplating and obduction of mafic terranes in intra-oceanic
forearc setting in New Caledonia)
Cluzel, D., D. Bosch, J.L. Paquette, Y. Lemennicier et al. (2005)- Late Oligocene post-obduction granitoids of
new Caledonia: a case for reactivated subduction and slab break-off. The Island Arc 14, p. 254-271.
(In S New Caledonia, Late Oligocene granodiorite and adamellite intruded into ultramafic allochthon emplaced
in Late Eocene. High-medium-K calc-alkaline granitoids geochemical and isotopic features of volcanic arc
magmas uncontaminated by crust-derived melts, probably generated in post- Eocene and pre-Miocene
subduction. Late Oligocene subduction described here may be extended S into N New Zealand allochthons)
Cluzel, D., D. Chiron & M.D. Courme (1998)- Discordance de lEocene superier et evenements pre-obduction
en Nouvelle-Caledonie (Pacifique sud-ouest). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 327, p. 485-491.
(Upper Eocene unconformity and pre-obduction events on New Caledonia)
Cluzel, D & S. Meffre (2002)- L'unite de la Boghen (Nouvelle-Caledonie, Pacifique sud-ouest) : un complexe
d'accretion jurassique. Donnees radiochronologiques preliminaires U-Pb sur les zircons detritiques. Comptes
Rendus Geosc. 334, p. 867-874.
('The Boghen terrane (New Caledonia, SW Pacific): a Jurassic accretionary complex. Preliminary U-Pb
radiochronological data on detrital zircon'. Detrital zircons from Boghen terrane metasediments suggest
Jurassic age. Terrane formerly considered 'pre-Permian basement'. Sedimentology, Late Jurassic (~150 Ma)
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high-P metamorphism, etc., indicate Boghen terrane was Jurassic accretionary complex along E Gondwana
active margin. Age spectrum of detrital zircons consistent with derivation from PermianMesozoic SE
Gondwana arc system and Antarctic continent)
Cluzel, D., S. Meffre, P. Maurizot & A.J. Crawford (2006)- Earliest Eocene (53 Ma) convergence in the
Southwest Pacific: evidence from pre-obduction dikes in the ophiolite of New Caledonia. Terra Nova 18, 6,
p.395-402.
(Chemistry and age of dikes in mantle peridotite of New Caledonia ophiolite suggest subduction-related
magmatism began before 53 Ma. Obduction in SW Pacific unrelated to reorientation of Pacific plate motion at
~43 Ma)
Coleman, P.J. (1966)- Upper Cretaceous (Senonian) bathyal pelagic sediments with Globotruncana from the
Solomon Islands. J. Geol. Soc. Australia 13, 2, p. 439-447.
Coleman, P.J. (ed.) (1973)- The Western Pacific, island arcs, marginal seas, geochemistry. Univ. Western
Australia Press, 675 p.
Coleman, P.J. (1980)- Plate tectonics background to biogeographic development in the southwest Pacific over
the last 100 million years. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclim., Palaeoecol. 31, p. 105-121.
(India, Australia, Greater New Zealand and Antarctica all part of Gondwana iIn Jurassic. N margin of NE
Gondwana (New Guinea), E (New Caledonia-Norfolk Ridge) and SE margins (New Zealand) were active
margins. New Guinea edge was volcanic island arc setting. Bordering arc system along New Caledonia-New
Zealand E edge made up Inner Melanesian Arcs. Rangitata Orogeny culminated in E Cretaceous, followed by
uplift, metamorphism, and regression, over much of Greater New Zealand. Regression also in Australia in Late
Cretaceous (100-65 m.y.). Main Late Cretaceous event was creation of Tasman Sea (78-56 Ma). Coral Sea
opened by spreading and sinistral strike-slip of part of New Guinea N of Papuan Mobile Belt at same time)
Coleman, P.J. (1991)- Dynamic strike-slip fault systems with respect to the Solomon Islands, and their effect on
mineral potential. Marine Geol. 98, p. 167-176.
Coleman, P.J. (1997)- Australia and the Melanesian arcs: a review of tectonic settings. AGSO J. Austral. Geol.
Geoph. 17, 1, p. 113-125.
Colley, H. (1984)- An ophiolite suite in Fiji? Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 13, p. 333-340.
(In SW Viti Levu rocks formerly described as part of island-arc succession may be upper part of ophiolite suite.
Foraminiferal oozes, cherts, red clays, Fe-Mn metalliferous sediments, fine-grained volcanic turbidites and
reworked polymict lapillistones can be equated with Layer 1 of oceanic lithosphere)
Colley, H. & W. H. Hindle (1984)- Volcano-tectonic evolution of Fiji and adjoining marginal basins. Geol.
(From Eocene- M Miocene, Fiji was part of N-facing Outer Melanesia arc system, stretching from PNG to
Tonga. Oligocene back-arc spreading S of Fiji led to formation of Minerva Plain (S Fiji Basin). M Miocene
polarity reversal in arc segments W of Fiji. Fiji compressive event followed by progressive isolation from
subduction regime as arc segments rotated away. Change in Fiji volcanism from arc andesites and tholeiites to
alkalic ocean island basalts. Most recent arc rotation resulted in opening of Lau Basin between Fiji and Tonga,
and divorce of Fiji from subduction influence with start of ocean island basalt volcanism in M Pliocene)
Collot, J. (2009)- Geodynamic evolution of the New Caledonia western offshore domain and its extensions
towards New Zealand. Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, 290 p.
Collot, J., L. Geli, Y. Lafoy, R. Vially, D. Cluzel, F. Klingelhoefer & H. Nouze (2008)- Tectonic history of
northern New Caledonia Basin from deep offshore seismic reflection: relation to late Eocene obduction in New
Caledonia, Southwest Pacific. Tectonics 27, 6, p. 1-20.
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(New seismic data from W New Caledonia offshore allow correlation between DSDP hole 208 on Lord Howe
Rise and deep water New Caledonia Basin. Eocene/Oligocene unconformity deeper than previously thought. S
Loyalty Basin obducted in Early Oligocene, New Caledonia Basin subsided under effect of loading)
Collot, J., R.H. Herzer, Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2009)- Mesozoic history of the Fairway- Aotea Basin: implications
regarding the early stages of Gondwana fragmentation, Geochem. Geoph. Geosyst. 10, Q12019, p. 1-24.
(Fairway Ridge is buried continental structure separating Late Cretaceous Fairway Basin from New Caledonia
Basin. Opening of Fairway-Aotea Basin predates opening of Tasman Sea. Lord Howe, Fairway and Norfolk
ridges part of remnant late Early Cretaceous continental arc, fragmented into three pieces in mid-Cretaceous in
slab retreat process)
Collot, J., Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2011)- Structural provinces of the Southwest Pacific, explanatory notes. Geol.
Survey of New Caledonia-DIMENC/ Ifremer, Noumea, p. 1-39. (online at:
www.dimenc.gouv.nc/portal/page/portal/dimenc/telechargements/tele_geologie/NEWCALEDONIA_ang-A5v18.pdf) (Usuful review and synthesis of SW Pacific oceanic basins, continental ribbon-like terranes derived
from active Gondwana margin, tectonic events, etc.)
Collot, J., M. Vende-Leclerc, P. Rouillard, Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2011)- Structural provinces of the Southwest
Pacific, Map. Geol. Survey of New Caledonia / Ifremer. (online at:
http://wwz.ifremer.fr/drogm_eng/content/download/44864/634564/file/SWPAC_StructuralProvinces_Map_v1HighResv2.pdf
Collot, J., M. Vende-Leclerc, P. Rouillard, Y. Lafoy & L. Geli (2012)- Map helps unravel complexities of the
southwestern Pacific Ocean, EOS Trans. AGU, 93, 1, p. 1-2.
Cowley, S., P. Mann, M.F. Coffin, F. Millard & T.H. Shipley (2004)- Oligocene to Recent tectonic history of
the central Solomon intra-arc basin as determined from marine seismic reflection data and compilation of
onland geology. Tectonophysics 389, 3-4, p. 267-307.
Crook, K.A.W. & L. Belbin (1978)- The Southwest Pacific area during the last 90 million years. J. Geol. Soc.
Australia 25, 1, p. 23-40.
Davey, F.J. (2005)- A Mesozoic crustal suture on the Gondwana margin in the New Zealand region, Tectonics
24, TC4006, p.
(Seismic data offshore South Island suggests NE dipping paleosubduction zone, possibly related to docking of
Brook Street oceanic island arc terrane to Gondwana margin in Triassic)
De Broin, C.E., F. Aubertin & C. Ravenne (1977)- Structure and history of the Solomon-New Ireland region.
In: Int. Symposium on Geodynamics in South-West Pacific, Technip, Paris, p. 37-49.
De Jersey, N.J. & J.A. Grant-Mackie (1989)- Palynofloras from the Permian, Triassic and Jurassic of New
Caledonia. New Zeal. J. Geol. Geophys. 32, p. 463-476.
(Late Permian- M Jurassic palynomorphs from 33 marine sediment samples, similar to age-equivalent floras
from New Zealand and E Australia. Triassic palynoflora assigned to cool temperate Ipswich microflora,
compositionally intermediate between SE Queensland and New Zealand palynofloras)
Deprat, J. (1905)- Les depots eocenes neo-caledoniens et leur analogie avec ceux de la region de la Sonde. Bull.
Soc. Geol. France (4), 5, p. 485-516.
('The Eocene deposits of New Caledonia and their analogy to the Sunda region'. Conglomerates, sandstones,
tuffs and limestones with Eocene LF Orthophragmina (= Discocyclina and Asterocyclina; incl. new species
umbilicata), Nummulites and rare Alveolina. Faunas very similar to those described from Java by Verbeek)
Deprat, J. (1909)- Sur la presence de Pellatispira dans lEocene de Nouvelle Caledonie. Bull. Soc. Geol.
France, ser. 4, 9, p. 288- 289.
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(Short note reporting presence of Pellatispira in New Caledonia, associated with Eocene LF described in 1905)
Deschamps, A. & S. Lallemand (2002)- TheWest Philippine Basin: An Eocene to early Oligocene back arc
basin opened between two opposed subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 107, B12, 2322, p.
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ocean basins). Basins opened rapidly. Thick sediment piles adjacent to emergent continental margins or active
arcs, with thin pelagic sediments, ash, and fine grained turbidites on basin floors. Ancient back-arc basins
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Meister, C., P. Maurizot & J.A. Grant-Mackie (2010)- Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) ammonites from
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volcanoclastic turbidites series named New Zealand graywacke. Strong paleogeographic affinities with W
Tethys, less strong affinities with E Pacific areas, and endemic elements. Part of collage of terranes accreted
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island arc succession of volcanoclastic rocks (intruded by basaltic and andesitic dykes and sills), detrital
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(Reconstruction of New Zealand, New Caledonia, etc. terranes, all part of E Gondwanan active margin prior to
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Cretaceous (168137 Ma) I-type magmatic arc rocks related to subduction along Palaeo-Pacific margin of
Gondwana. Carboniferous age granitoids in SW Fiordland along W side and within zone. Triassic plutonic
rocks E of zone)
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1. Plenum Press, New York, p. 1-748.
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213
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Bibliography of IndonesianG eology

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GEOLOGY OF INDONESIA

J.T. VAN GORSEL

The Circum- Indonesia bibliography chapter is subdivided into nine areas:

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IX.2. Malay Peninsula, Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand

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IX.3. SE Asia mainland (Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, SW China)

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Helmcke, D. (1985)- The orogenic evolution (Permo-Triassic) of central Thailand. implications on

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(online at: http://umdb.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/DKoseibu/pdf/Ref_0152_.pdf