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Whythereisnogod

Responsestocommontheistarguments
Thispagepresentsconciserebuttalstothemostcommonargumentsandclaimsmadebytheists.Italsoincludesrelevantlinksto
additionalresources.AsmallnumberofpointsdealspecificallywithChristianity,howeverthevastmajorityareapplicabletoall
formsoftheism.Linksmarkedwith(mustwatch)or(mustread)areconsideredparticularlygoodatexpandingonatopic.
BesuretoviewtheAdditionalLinksandQuotespages.Ifyouhaveanycommentsorsuggestionspleaseleavethematthebottom
ofthepage.
AsauthorIherebyforfeitcopyrightanddeclarethecontentofthispage,excludingimagesandquotes,partofthepublicdomain.
Forasimilarlistsee:IronChariots50reasonstobelieveinGod.
Translations:Polish

Areligiouspersonmightsay:
1. TheBiblicalGodisreal.
There is no evidence to support any of the claims made in the Bible concerning the existence of a god. Any
evidenceproposedbytheiststosupporttheBiblesvarioushistoricalandsupernaturalclaimsisnonexistent
atbest,manufacturedatworst.
The Bible is not selfauthenticating it is simply one of many religious texts. Like those other texts, it itself
constitutesnoevidencefortheexistenceofagod.Itsfloridproseandfancifulcontentdonotlegitimiseitnor
distinguishitfromotherancientworksofliterature.
TheBibleishistoricallyinaccurate[2],factuallyincorrect,inconsistent[2]andcontradictory.Itwasartificially
constructedbyagroupofmeninantiquityandispoorlytranslated,heavilyalteredandselectivelyinterpreted.
Entiresectionsofthetexthavebeenredactedovertime.
Seealso:VisualisationofBibleContradictions(mustread),ArgumentfromtheBible,CriticismsoftheBible,
Consistency of the Bible, A Compendium of Disbelief, Deconversion: The Bible and A History of God (both
mustwatch),BBCTheHistoryofGod.
OriginsoftheBible:PBSBuriedSecrets,CH4WhowrotetheBible?(amustwatch).
Properlyread,thebibleisthemostpotentforceforatheismeverconceived.IsaacAsimov
2. BiblicalJesuswasreal.
There is no contemporary evidence for Jesus existence or the Bibles account of his life no artefacts,
dwellings, works of carpentry, selfwritten manuscripts, court records, eyewitness testimony, official diaries,
birthrecords,reectionsonhissignificanceorwrittendisputesabouthisteachings.Nothingsurvivesfromthe
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timeinwhichheissaidtohavelived.
AllhistoricalreferencestoJesusderivefromhearsayaccountswrittendecadesorcenturiesafterhissupposed
death.ThesehistoricalreferencesgenerallyrefertoearlyChristiansratherthanahistoricalJesusand,insome
cases,directlycontradicttheGospelsorweredeliberatelymanufactured.
The Gospels themselves contradict oneanother [2] on many key events and were constructed by unknown
authors up to a century after the events they describe are said to have occurred. They are not eyewitness
accounts.TheNewTestament,asawhole,containsmanyinternalinconsistenciesasaresultofitspiecemeal
constructionandisfactuallyincorrectonseveralhistoricalclaims,suchastheearlyexistenceofNazareth,the
reign of Herod and the Roman census. Like the Old Testament, it too has had entire books and sections
redacted.
The Biblical account of Jesus has striking similarities with other mythologies and texts and many of his
supposedteachingsexistedpriortohistime.Itislikelythecharacterwaseitherpartlyorentirelyinvented[2]
by competing first century messianic cults from an amalgamation of GrecoRoman, Egyptian and Judeo
Apocalypticmythsandprophecies.
EvenifJesusexistencecouldbeestablished,thiswouldinnowayvalidateChristiantheologyoranyelement
ofthestoryportrayedintheBible,suchastheperformanceofmiraclesortheresurrection.Simplybecauseit
isconceivableahereticalJewishpreachernamedYeshualivedcirca30AD,hadfollowersandwasexecuted,
doesnotimplythesonofagodwalkedtheEarthatthattime.
Themotivationforbeliefinadivine,salvationalJesusbreaksdownwhenyouacceptevolution:
Now,ifthebookofGenesisisanallegory,thensinisanallegory,theFallisanallegoryandtheneedfora
Saviorisanallegorybutifwearealldescendantsofanallegory,wheredoesthatleaveus?Itdestroysthe
foundationofallChristiandoctrineitdestroysthefoundationofthegospel.KenHam
See also: Evidence for Jesus, Did Jesus Exist? [2][3], Why I am not a Christian (a must read), the
ChristologicalArgument,HitchensCoreoftheJesusmythandChristianityisImmoral(bothmustwatch).
Christianity:ThebeliefthatacosmicJewishzombiewhowashisownfathercanmakeyouliveforeverif
yousymbolicallyeathisfleshandtelepathicallytellhimyouaccepthimasyourmaster,sohecanremovean
evilforcefromyoursoulthatispresentinhumanitybecausearibwomanwasconvincedbyatalkingsnake
toeatfromamagicaltree.Anonymous

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3. Miraclesprovegodexists.
Miracles have not been demonstrated to occur. The existence of a miracle would pose logical problems for
beliefinagodwhichcansupposedlyseethefutureandbegantheuniversewithasetofpredefinedlaws.Even
if a miracle could be demonstrated it would not immediately imply the existence of a god, much less any
particularone,asunknownnaturalprocessesoragentscouldstillbeatwork.
Mostallegedmiraclescanbeexplainedasstatisticallyunlikelyoccurrences.Forexample,onechildsurvivinga
planecrashthatkillstwohundredothersisnotamiracle,justasonepersonwinningthelotteryisnot.Inthe
absence of any empirical evidence, all other claims can be dismissed as the result of magical thinking,
misattribution, credulity, hearsay and anecdote. Eyewitness testimony and anecdotal accounts are, by
themselves,notreliableordefinitiveformsofproofforsuchextraordinaryclaims.
Divine intervention claims most often concern systems and events for which we have poor predictive
capabilities, for example, weather, sports, health and social/economic interactions. Such claims are rarely
madeinrelationtothosethingswecanaccuratelypredictandteste.g.themotionofcelestialbodies,boiling
pointofwaterandpullofgravity.Ifagodisconstantlyinterveningintheuniverseitsupposedlycreated,then
itiswithsuchambiguityastoappearcompletelyindistinguishablefromnormalbackgroundchance.
Note:Theistsoftenfailtoadequatelyapportionblamewhenclaimsoftheirparticulargodsinfinitemercyor
omnibenevolence involve sparing a few lives in a disaster, or recovery from a debilitating disease all of
which their god would ultimately be responsible for inflicting if it existed. See also: Euthyphro dilemma,
Confirmationbias,CherryPicking.
Seealso:ArgumentfromMiracles,Whywontgodhealamputees?[Video],SpontaneousRemissionofDisease,
Theproblemwithanecdotes(amustwatch).
Extraordinaryclaimsrequireextraordinaryevidence.CarlSagan
Eliteathletesmakefirstplace,strangeshapesappearontoastandsomepeoplenarrowlyescapedeath,but
amputatedlimbsneverregrow,mountainsnevermoveandfoodneverspontaneouslyappearsinfrontofthe
hundredsofchildrenthatstarvetodeatheachhour.Anonymous
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4. Godisthesourceofmorality.
Moralityisaculturalconceptwithabasisinevolutionarypsychology[2]andgametheory[2].Specieswhose
members were predisposed to cooperate were more likely to survive and pass on their genes. Reciprocacy,
altruism and other socalled moral characteristics are evident in many species [2]. The neurochemical
thoughttoregulatemoralityandempathyisoxytocin[2].
Religioustextsaresimplypartofmanyearlyattemptstocodifymoralprecepts.Secularlaw,flexiblewiththe
shiftingmoralzeitgeist,haslongsincesupersededreligionasasourceofmoraldirectivesforthemajorityof
developedsocieties.Secularethicsoffersanumberofcompetingmoralframeworkswhichdonotderivefroma
purportedsupernaturalsource.
See also: Dawkins Source of Morality, Babies can tell right from wrong, Moral behaviour in animals,
Altruism in Chimps and Toddlers, Trust, Morality and Oxytocin (a must watch), Evolution of Cooperation,
ScienceofMorality.AnimalsCooperating:Monkeys,Birds,Chimps.
ThegodcharacteroftheBibleisamisogynistictyrantthatcondonesandevenordersthepracticeofslavery,
rapeofwomenandmurderofchildren.ThemomentyoudisagreewithasingleinstructionoftheBible,such
as the command to kill any bride who is not a virgin or any child who disrespects their parents, then you
acknowledgethatthereexistsasuperiorstandardbywhichtojudgemoralactionandthusnoneedtorelyon
anancient,primitiveandbarbaricfantasy.
Seealso:theEuthyphrodilemma,EpicurusTrilemma,ProblemofEvil,MoralityGoodwithoutGods(amust
watch),DawkinsonAbsoluteMorality(amustwatch),TheWestWing(amustwatch),Deconversion:Morality
(amustwatch).
IsGodwillingtopreventevil,butnotable?Thenheisnotomnipotent.
Isheable,butnotwilling?Thenheismalevolent.
Ishebothableandwilling?Thenwhencecomethevil?
Isheneitherablenorwilling?ThenwhycallhimGod?Epicurus
5. Peopleneedtobelieveingod/Withoutgodpeoplewilldobadthings.
Argumentfromadverseconsequences[2].
Justbecausesomethingisperceivedashavinggoodconsequencesifitistrue,doesnotactuallymakeittrue.
The fact that religiously free societies with a proportionally large number of atheists are generally more
peaceful[2][3]thanotherwiseisevidencethisperceptionisincorrect.
Seealso:Atheism,Secularity,andWellBeing(amustread).
Withorwithoutreligion,youwouldhavegoodpeopledoinggoodthingsandevilpeopledoingevilthings.
Butforgoodpeopletodoevilthings,thattakesreligion.StevenWeinberg

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6. Atheistscantknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.
Note: The following answer is a generalisation. Atheists are not a homogeneous group. There is no formal
moralcoderesultingfromalackofbelief.Atheistscananddosubscribetoanynumberofethicalsystems,or
maysimplydecidesuchthingsforthemselves.
Atheistsgenerallyderivetheirsenseofrightandwrongfromaninnate[2][3]andreasoned[2]understanding
ofwhichactionscontributetowardsasocietymosthospitabletocontinualwellbeingandpersonalfulfilment.
Theyareaccountabletotheirownconscienceandtosocietyatlarge.Theydonotrequireanabsolutestandard
inordertomakedistinctionsbetweenthepossibleeffectsoftheiractions.
Atheistsareattunedtothehereandnow.Theirethicsarenotderivedfromsomerewardorpunishmentafter
death, but from a rational consideration of the consequences in this life. Impulsive desires are
compassionately,empatheticallyandintelligently[2]weighedagainstlongtermpersonalandsocialgoals.
Associalanimalsthathaveevolvedtowantandgivelove,tohavefreedomandsecurity,wehavelearnedthat
wearesafer,strongerandmoreprosperousinasuccessfulgroup.Crimesareinherentlyantisocialbehaviours
thatintroduceneedlessriskandareantitheticaltothelongtermneedsandgoalsofahappy,stablesociety.
Note:Essentiallyalltheistsunknowinglyexercisetheirinnatemoralityorconsciencebypickingandchoosing
whichpartsoftheirreligiontofollow.
See also: Enlightened SelfInterest, Secular Ethics, Secular Humanism, Secular Morality, Compassion,
Empathy, Sympathy, Conscience, Morality Good without Gods (a must watch) Sam Harris Science and
Morality (a must watch), Trust, Morality and Oxytocin (a must watch), Christopher Hitchens on Atheist
morality.
Ihavenoneedforreligion,Ihaveaconscience.Anonymous
7. Lotsofpeoplebelieveinagod.
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Argumentumadpopulum.Thepopularityofanideasaysnothingofitsveracity.
Geocentrism,aflatearth,creationism,astrology,alchemyandtheoccultwerealloncepervasivebeliefs.
Furthermore,religionsareculturallyrelativeand,forthemostpart,areinconsistentandmutuallyexclusive.
Icontendthatwearebothatheists.Ijustbelieveinonefewergodthanyoudo.Whenyouunderstandwhy
youdismissalltheotherpossiblegods,youwillunderstandwhyIdismissyours.StephenFRoberts
Alieisalieevenifeveryonebelievesit.Thetruthisthetruthevenifnobodybelievesit.DavidStevens
8. Godcreated/causedtheuniverse.
TheFirstCauseArgument,orCosmologicalArgument[2],isinternallycontradictoryandraisesthefollowing
questions:Whoorwhatcreatedgod?,Whyshouldahypotheticalcausehaveanyofthecommonattributesof
agod?,Whyisthecauseaspecificgod?,Whycanttheuniversebecauselesstoo?and,mostimportantly,Why
ruleoutallotherpossibleexplanations?
Itisfundamentallyagodofthegapsapproach.OurcurrentlackofunderstandingconcerningtheUniverses
originsdoesnotautomaticallymeangodholdsanyexplanatoryvalue.Metaphysicalandtheisticspeculation
arenotimmediatelyjustifiedorcorrectsimplybecausewelackacomprehensivescientificmodel.Uncertainty
isthemostvalidpositionandonecanhonestlysayWejustdontknowyet.
Theargumentignoresthefactthatoureverydayunderstandingofcausalityhasbeenarrivedatviaaposteriori
inductivereasoningwhichmeansitmightnotapplytoeverything.Time,forinstance,appearstohavebegun
withtheBigBang,sotheremightnothavebeenanycausefortheUniversetobeaneffectofsincetherewas
probablynotimeforacausetoexistin.ApplyingconceptsliketimeandcausalitytotheBigBangmightbe
comparable to asking What is north of the North Pole? ultimately nonsensical and incoherent.
Furthermore, even if causality could be established it would not immediately imply the existence of a god,
muchlessanyparticularone,asthepropertiesandnatureofthecausecouldforeverremainamysteryorbe
naturalistic.
In fact, something can come from nothing and we are able to observe it in the form of virtual particles and
quantumvacuumfluctuations.Theyexplainwhytheearlyuniverselackeduniformityandprovidedtheseeds
fortheemergenceofstructure[2][3].Thesequantumphenomenaarealsocauselessinthesensethattheyare
objectivelyandirreduciblyrandom,afactconfirmedbytestsofnonlocalrealismandBellsTheorem.
Note1:TheistsoftenstateGodisoutsideoftime.Thisclaimdoesnotactuallymaketheirspeculationcorrect.
Instead,itbringswithitawholehostofproblemsandmaybeimmediatelydismissedasbeingwithoutbasis
andatypefallacyknownasspecialpleading.
Note2:Cosmogonyisthescientificstudyoftheoriginsoftheuniverse.
Seealso:CarlSaganonthetopic(amustwatch),Hitchens,HawkingDidGodCreatetheUniverse?(amust
watch), BBC Horizon What happened before the big bang?, BBC Nothing (a must watch) and A Universe
FromNothingbyLawrenceKrauss(amustwatch).
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Somewouldask,howcouldaperfectGodcreateauniversefilledwithsomuchthatisevil.Theyhave
missedagreaterconundrum:whywouldaperfectGodcreateauniverseatall?SisterMiriamGodwinson
9. Godanswersprayers.
Sodoesamilkjug.Theonlythingworsethansittingidleassomeonesuffersistodoabsolutelynothingyet
thinkyoureactuallyhelpinginotherwords,praying.
Beliefintheefficacyofprayerisaformofconfirmationbias.Informationandcoincidenceswhich,bychance,
appear to support the belief are favoured and remembered while those that do not are discarded or
rationalised.Seealso:CherryPicking.
Byincorrectlyattributingsupernaturalcausalrelationshipstootherwiseminorcorrelations,prayerbecomesa
formofselfdeceptionknownasmagicalthinking.Seealso:Wishfulthinking.
For the conceivably large number of prayers that occur over time there are relatively few answers
acknowledged by churches and none that are actually demonstrable, such as the healing of amputees or
movingofmountains.
Studieshavefailedtofindanyevidenceforbenefitsfromprayerthatcannotberuledoutaseithertheplacebo
effect or a form of cognitive behavioural therapy. In fact, the most comprehensive study performed thus far
foundthathospitalpatientswhowereprayedforsufferedmorecomplicationsthanotherwise.
See also: Prayer as a superstition, The MANTRA Study, Deconversion: Prayer (a must watch), The
superstitiouspigeon(amustwatch).
Ifgodisthealphaandtheomega.Thebeginningandtheend,knowswhathaspassedandwhatistocome,
whydopeopleprayandthinkitwillmakeanydifference?MarkFairclough
Prayer:Toaskthelawsoftheuniversetobeannulledonbehalfofasinglepetitioner,confessedly
unworthy.AmbroseBierce
Twohandsworkingcandomorethanathousandclaspedinprayer.Unknown

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10. IfeelapersonalrelationshipwithgodORIexperiencedgod.
Argumentfrompersonalexperience[2].
Aresultofournaturallyevolvedneurology,madehypersensitivetopurpose(anunseenactor)becauseofthe
largesocialgroupshumanshaveandthewaythebrainassociatespatternwithintent.
Humans have evolved a variety of cognitive shortcuts to deal with the mass of information provided by our
senses.Inparticular,wetendtofiltersensoryinputaccordingtoasetofexpectationsbuiltonpriorbeliefsand
pastexperiences,impartmeaningtoambiguousinputevenwhenthereisnorealmeaningbehinditandinfer
causalrelationshipswherenoneexist.
Personal revelation cannot be independently verified. Socalled revelations never include information a
recipientcouldnothaveknownbeforehand,suchasthetimeandlocationofarareeventoranswerstoany
number of unsolved problems in science. They are usually emotional or perceptual in content and therefore
unremarkableamongthemanycognitiveprocessesbrainsexhibit,includingdreamsandhallucinations.These
experiencesmayevenbeartificiallyinducedbynarcoticsormagneticfields.Extremecasesmaybediagnosed
asaformofschizophreniaorpsychosis.
Spiritualandreligiousexperiencesarenotonlyinconsistentamongindividualsbutarevariablyattributedto
differentgods,aliens,spirits,rituals,hallucinations,meditationetc.Thefactthatmedicalconditionsandother
naturalprocesses[2]caninducetheseexperiencesisevidencetheyareproducedbyourbrain.
Seealso:NPRYourbrainongod?,Hardwired for religion?, Searching for God in the Brain, The Economist,
BBCDoco,PBSDocoandDawkinsonthetopic,Deconversion:PersonalRelationship(amustwatch),TED
Howitfeelstohaveastroke(amustwatch)andTEDRamachandranonyourmind.
Papers:ReligionandHippocampalAtrophy.
YoucantellyouvecreatedGodinyourownimagewhenitturnsoutthatGodhatesallthesamepeopleyou
do.AnneLamott
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11. Peoplewhobelieveingodarehappier.
Theclaimthatabelieverishappierthanaskepticisnomoretothepointthanthefactthatadrunkenmanis
happierthanasoberone.Thehappinessofcredulityisacheapanddangerousquality.
Atheism is correlated with better scientific literacy [2][3], lower poverty rates, higher literacy rates, higher
average incomes, less violence, lower divorce rates, lower teen pregnancy rates, lower STD infection rates,
lowercrimeratesandlowerhomiciderates.Itcorrelateshighlywiththewellbeingofindividualsandsocieties
byalmosteverypossiblemeasure.
Atheistscanbespiritual(amustwatch).
Studies on happiness outside of predominantly religious countries (eg. the United States) find little to no
correlation between happiness and religious belief. This corresponds with evidence which shows social and
community bonding, rather than spiritual engagement, explains why religious people report greater
satisfaction with life. Atheists, by comparison, may also simply be unhappy with the level of distrust and
persecutiontheyreceivefromtheircompatriots.
Whereignoranceisbliss,tisfollytobewise.ThomasGray
Beinganatheistislikebeingtheonlysoberpersoninthecarandnoonewillletyoudrive.Anonymous
12. Theworldisbeautiful.
TheArgumentfromBeauty fails to explain why some things are beautiful to some people and not to others,
andalsofailstoestablishbeautyassomethingimmaterialinsteadofbeingasubjectiveneurologicalresponse
tostimuli.
Humanbeautyisphysicalandpsychologicalattractiveness,ithelpsuschooseahealthypartnerwithwhomto
reproduce. Abstract beauty, like art, landscapes and music, are an artefact of culture and the way our brain
interpretscolor,shapesandsound.
Theworldisnotalwaysbeautiful:decay/entropyinphysicalsystemsanddisease/deathamonglivingcreatures
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arenaturalfunctionsofphysicsandbiology. For example, there exists a species of worm known as Loa Loa
Filariasis. This parasite lives underneath the skin and inside the eyes of human beings. Children and the
elderlyintropicalregions(usuallythepoorest)arethemostwidelyaffected.Aslow,painfuldeathisvirtually
certain. A god, if one exists, would have had to create such an organism purposefully along with all the
otherdiseases,afflictionsandparasites.
Seealso:TEDADarwiniantheoryofbeauty(amustwatch),DavidAttenboroughonBeautyandCreation(a
mustwatch),Activationoftheprefrontalcortexinhumanvisualaestheticpercption(amustread).
Isntitenoughtoseethatagardenisbeautifulwithouthavingtobelievethattherearefairiesatthebottom
ofittoo?DouglasAdams
Thetotalamountofsufferingperyearinthenaturalworldisbeyondalldecentcontemplation.Duringthe
minutethatittakesmetocomposethissentence,thousandsofanimalsarebeingeatenalive,manyothers
arerunningfortheirlives,whimperingwithfear,othersareslowlybeingdevouredfromwithinbyrasping
parasites,thousandsofallspeciesaredyingofstarvation,thirst,anddisease.Theuniversethatweobserve
haspreciselythepropertiesweshouldexpectifthereis,atbottom,nodesign,nopurpose,noevil,nogood,
nothingbutpitilessindifference.RichardDawkins

13. SmartpersonXbelievesingodorYouarenotqualified.
Adhominem+ArgumentfromAuthority.
Invisiblepinkunicornsexist.Yourenotanexpertinthem,soyoucantsaytheydont.
Thevalidityofaclaim,suchastheexistenceofgod,isnotgovernedbytheintelligenceofthemindswhichhold
it.Evidenceandreasonarethedecidingfactors.
Sir Isaac Newton, one of historys greatest scientists, was not only intensely religious but also believed in
alchemicaltransmutation.Alchemyis,however,fullyincorrectgivenourmodernunderstandingofchemistry,
theatomandnucleosynthysis.

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The fact that an intelligent person holds an irrational belief is simply evidence that our brains are able to
compartmentaliseworldviewsandmodelsfromoneanother,usuallyinordertomaintainastateofignorant
blissandescapethediscomfortofcognitivedissonance.
14. Theuniverseisfinetunedforlife.
TheFineTuningArgument[2][3][4].
Theuniverseisextremelyhostiletolife.ExtinctionleveleventshavenearlyeliminatedcomplexlifeonEarth
onfiveseparateoccasions.Ofallthespeciesthathaveeverlived99.9%arenowextinct.Furthermore,normal
matter like stars and planets occupy less than 0.0000000000000000000042 percent of the observable
universe. Life constitutes an even smaller fraction of that matter again. If the universe is finetuned for
anythingitisforthecreationofblackholes[2]andemptyspace.
Thereisnothingtosuggestthathumanlife,ourplanetorouruniverseareuniquelyprivileged nor intended.
On the contrary, the sheer scale of the universe in both space and time and our understanding of its
developmentindicatewearenoncentraltotheschemeofthingsmereproductsofchance,physicallawsand
evolution. To believe otherwise amounts to an argument from incredulity and a hubris mix of
anthropocentrismandgodofthegapsthinking.
The conditions that we observe, namely, those around our Sun and on Earth, simply seem finetuned to us
becauseweevolvedtosuitthem.Wecannotprovethatallotherpossibleformsoflifewouldbeinfeasiblewith
adifferentsetofconditionsorconstantsbecausetheonlyuniversethatwecanobserveistheoneweoccupy.
Indeed, modelling [2] suggests star formation (a necessary precursor to our form of biology) may be viable
underanumberofdifferentuniversalconditions.
Without actual proof of creation, naturalistic explanations [2] for the properties of this universe cannot be
whollyruledout.Itispossibleaninfinityofuniverses[2]exist,allwithdifferentconditionsandformsoflife.
Thefactthatourparticularuniversehasthephysicalconstantsweobservemaybenomoretothepointthan
thefactahandofcards,dealtfromashuffleddeck,istheoneahypotheticalplayerholds.Thoughthechances
ofanyoneuniversebeinghospitabletolifemightbelow,theconditionalprobabilityofaformoflifeobserving
asetofconstantssuitabletoitisexactlyunity.Thatistosay,everypossibleuniversewouldappearfinetuned
totheformoflifeitharbours,whileallthoseinhospitableuniverseswouldneverbeobservedbylifeatall.
Seealso:BrianGreeneWhyisouruniversefinetuned?(amustwatch),IstheUniverseFineTunedforLife?
(a must watch), The Copernican Principle, Cosmic Voyage (a must watch), Dawkins on Finetuning (a must
watch)andtheAnthropicPrinciple,MichioKakuonMultiverseTheory.
Additionally:TheGreatDemotionsandAUniverseNotMadeforUsbyCarlSagan(bothmustwatch).
Theuniverseisnotfinetunedtolifelifeisfinetunedtotheuniverse.VictorStenger
Imagineapuddlewakinguponemorningandthinking,ThisisaninterestingworldIfindmyselfin,an
interestingholeIfindmyselfin,fitsmeratherneatly,doesntit?Infactitfitsmestaggeringlywell,must
havebeenmadetohavemeinit!Thisissuchapowerfulideathatasthesunrisesintheskyandtheair
heatsupandthepuddlegetssmallerandsmaller,itsstillfranticallyhangingontothenotionthat
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everythingsgoingtobeallright,becausethisworldwasmeanttohavehiminit,wasbuilttohavehiminit
sothemomenthedisappearscatcheshimratherbysurprise.DouglasAdams

15. Complexity/Orderprovesgodexists.
TheTeleologicalargument[2],orArgumentfromDesign,isanonsequitur.Complexitydoesnotimplydesign
and does not prove the existence of a god. Even if design could be established we cannot conclude anything
about the nature of the designer (Aliens?). Furthermore, many biological systems have obvious defects
consistentwiththepredictionsofevolutionbymeansofnaturalselection.
The appearance of complexity and order in the universe is the result of spontaneous selforganisation and
patternformation,causedbychaoticfeedback between simple physical laws and rules. All the complexity of
the universe, all its apparent richness, even life itself, arises from simple, mindless rules repeated over and
overagainforbillionsofyears.Currentscientifictheoriesareabletoclearlyexplainhowcomplexityandorder
ariseinphysicalsystems.Anylackofunderstandingdoesnotimmediatelyimplygod.
Big Bang > Cosmic Inflation > Big Bang Nucleosynthesis > Stellar Formation > Galaxy Formation > Stellar
Nucleosynthesis>SolarSystemFormation>EarthFormation>Abiogenesis>Evolution
Note:Crystallisationisoneexampleofhowmattercanreadilyselforganiseintocomplex,orderedshapesand
structureseg.Bismuth.
See also: The Story of Everything by Carl Sagan (a must watch), BBC The Secret Life of Chaos (a must
watch), BBC The Cell: Spark of Life (a must watch), SelfOrganisation, Evolution [2], The Watchmaker
Analogy,Ultimate747gambit,JunkyardTornado[2](Hoylesfallacy).
Additionally: The laryngeal nerve of the giraffe, Evolution of the Eye, Chromosome 2, Bacterial Flagellum,
TalkOriginsIndextoCreationistClaims.
Theuniverseishugeandoldandrarethingshappenallthetime,includinglife.LawrenceKrauss
Thereisgrandeurinthisviewoflife,withitsseveralpowers,havingbeenoriginallybreathedintoafew
formsorintooneandthat,whilstthisplanethasgonecyclingonaccordingtothefixedlawofgravity,from
sosimpleabeginningendlessformsmostbeautifulandmostwonderfulhavebeen,andarebeing,evolved.
CharlesDarwin
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SpiralpatternsinGalaxies,Cyclones,Whirlpools,Broccoli,Shells,BZReactions,SubatomicParticles,FractalsandArchimedesDiagram.Allexplainablebynatural
processes.

16. Loveexists.
Oxytocin,SerotoninandDopamine.
Affection, empathy and peer bonding increase social cohesion and lead to higher survival chances for
offspring.
Seealso:Trust,MoralityandOxytocin(amustwatch),PairBondinginanimals,ChemicalBasisforLove,How
LoveWorks.
YoudonotneedtheBibletojustifylove,butnobettertoolhasbeeninventedtojustifyhate.Richard
Weatherwax
17. Godistheuniverse/love/lawsofphysics.
Wealreadyhavenamesforthesethings.Redefiningsomethingasgodtellsusnothing.Tousethewordgod
implies a host of other attributes and if you dont intend to apply those attributes, using the word is
intentionallymisleading.
TocalltheworldGodisnottoexplainititisonlytoenrichourlanguagewithasuperfluoussynonymfor
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thewordworld.ArthurSchopenhauer
18. SciencecantexplainX,thereforegod/theism.
Godofthegaps[2].ArgumentfromIgnorance.
Simplybecauseyouorthescientificcommunitylackacompleteunderstandingofsomethingdoesnotimplya
theisticexplanationcarriesanyvalue.Evenifthereexistssometopiconwhichsciencecanneverspeak,any
understanding could potentially evade us forever supernatural or metaphysical speculation would not
automaticallybecorrect.Uncertaintyisthemostlegitimateposition.
Lightning, earthquakes, volcanos, disease, mental illness, speciation, planetary orbits and numerous other
phenomena have been historically labelled supernatural only to later be more thoroughly and elegantly
explainedbyscience.Infact,everymysteryeverdemonstrablysolvedhashadanonsupernaturalexplanation.
To suggest that science cannot or will not explain a phenomena, and that only theism can, is hubris of the
highestorder.
Usinggodtoexplainsomethingexplainsnothing.Godssupposedpowersandhowtheyworkareamystery.
Anexplanationisintendedtoclarifyandextendknowledge.Attributingaphenomenontothemagicalpowers
of a supernatural being does neither. Worse still, this presumption acts to prevent any deeper investigation,
beinglittlemorethanaformofblissfulignorance.
Note:Byusinggodtofillgapsintheirknowledgetheistsinadvertentlyprovideashrinkingrolefortheirgod
asscienceadvances.Theyalsopredicategodsexistenceonalackofknowledge,notonanypositiveargument
orevidence.
See also: The God of the Gaps Neil deGrasse Tyson (a must watch), OpenMindedness (a must watch),
Skewedviewsofscience,Thefaithcake(amustwatch),RichardFeynmanonDoubtandUncertainty(amust
watch),CriticalThinking,MagicalThinking,SelfDeceptionOpenMindedness(amustwatch).
Iamagainstreligionbecauseitteachesustobesatisfiedwithnotunderstandingtheworld.Richard
Dawkins
Ignorancemorefrequentlybegetsconfidencethandoesknowledge:itisthosewhoknowlittle,notthose
whoknowmuch,whosopositivelyassertthatthisorthatproblemwillneverbesolvedbyscience.Charles
Darwin
19. PhenomenonXhasanonphysicalcomponent.
Baselessassertion.Unfalsifiable.Howcanyouproveit?
Therehavebeennumerousclaimsofthesupernatural,noneofwhichhaveeverbeendemonstratedtobetrue.
Furthermore, these claims are often mutually contradictory, and people who believe in one form of
supernatural or paranormal activity will usually not believe in others due to cognitive bias and wishful
thinking.
Proposing a nonphysical explanation for an observed or imagined/fabricated phenomena is not a testable
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hypothesis and is therefore unworthy of serious consideration. It precludes any deeper insight or
understandingandoffersnomeansofdistinctionfromanyotherpossiblesupernaturalclaim.
Therearemanyasyetunexplainedphenomenaandanomaliesinnature.Thescientificapproachtotheseisto
sayIdontknowyetandkeeponlooking,nottopresumeananswerwhichmakesuscomfortable.
Note: This claim often represents a deep discomfort with uncertainty or ambiguity, demonstrating a lack of
criticalthinkingorpoorunderstandingofatopic.Itusuallycoincideswithcredulity,whichisthetendencyto
believeinpropositionsunsupportedbyevidence.Seealso:gullibility.
See also: Critical Thinking (a must watch), OpenMindedness (a must watch), Nobel Laureate Richard
Feynman on Doubt and Uncertainty (a must watch), Delusion, Magical Thinking, Superstition, Self
Deception.
Whatcanbeassertedwithoutproofcanbedismissedwithoutproof.ChristopherHitchens
Idontfeelfrightenedbynotknowingthings,IthinkitsmuchmoreinterestingthatwayIhave
approximateanswers,andpossiblebeliefs,anddifferentdegreesofcertaintyaboutdifferentthings,butIm
notabsolutelysureofanything.Imightthinkaboutitalittle,butifIcantfigureitout,thenIgoto
somethingelse.Itdoesntfrightenme.RichardFeynman
20. Materialism/Evidentialism/Sciencecannotrecognisesupernaturalphenomena.
Distortion of reality. Lack of Critical thinking. The Dragon in my Garage by Carl Sagan. What is real? What
constitutesknowledge?Areallsupernaturalclaimsimplicitlytrue?Why/Whynot?
A person who disbelieves for poor reasons is no better off than someone who believes for poor reasons.
Disbelieving in astrology because a priest tells you to is no better than believing in a god because the same
priesttellsyoutodoso.
Scienceobservesthephysicaluniverse,makesmodelsofhowitworksandthenrefinesthosemodelsthrough
further observation. When something interacts with the physical universe, such as through light, motion,
sound,heat,massorgravity,itbecomesanaturalphenomenaandthusopentoscientificinquiry.Ifitdoesnot
interact with the physical universe then it cannot be said to exist in any meaningful or perceivable way.
Furthermore,whensupernaturalclaimsbecomesufficientlynebulousonemayaskifthereisanysubstantive
differencebetweenthembeingtrueandnothingexistingatall.
Proposingtheexistenceofanentityorphenomenathatcanneverbeinvestigatedviaempirical,experimental
orreproduciblemeansmovesitfromtherealmofrealityandintotherealmofunfalsifiablespeculation.The
inabilityofsciencetoinvestigateordisprovesuchahypothesisisnotthesameasprovingittrueandneither
does it automatically lend credence to any metaphysical or theological argument. If such reasoning were
actuallypermissiblethenonecouldclaimanythingimaginabletoberealortrueifonlybecauseitcouldnotbe
provenfalse.
Relyingonsupernaturalexplanationsisacopoutoradeadendtodeepeningourunderstandingofreality.Ifa
natural cause for something is not known, the scientific approach is to say I dont know yet and keep on
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looking,nottopresumeananswerwhichmakesuscomfortable.
Seealso:Skewedviewsofscience(amustwatch),OpenMindedness(amustwatch),TheDragoninmyGarage
byCarlSagan(amustread),Delusion,MagicalThinking,Superstition,SelfDeception.
Scienceadjustsitsunderstandingbasedonwhatsobserved.Faithisthedenialofobservationsothatbelief
canbepreserved.TimMinchin
21. Icantbelieve/understandaworldwithoutGodORNogodistoounlikely.
Argument from incredulity / Lack of imagination and Argumentum ad Ignorantiam. Ignores and does not
eliminatethefactthatsomethingcanseemincredibleorunlikelyandstillbetrue,orappeartobeobviousor
likelyandyetstillbefalse.
Theworldisthewayitis.Realitydoesnotbendtoourpersonalwhimandfactsdonotceasetoexistbecause
theyareignored.Ourpersonalbeliefinsomethingdoesnotautomaticallymakeitrealortrueand,conversely,
ourlackofunderstandingofatopicdoesnotmakeitfalse.
Untilweunderstandsomethingwedonotknow.Positingagodinplaceofadmittingpersonalignoranceis
anunfoundedleapwhichdemonstratesafundamentallackofhumility.
The existence and nonexistence of a god are not equally probable outcomes. The majority of things we can
possibly imagine do not exist. Thus, belief is not as valid a position as skepticism when dealing with
unsupportedorunfalsifiableclaims.Agnosticatheismisthemostrationalposition.
Seealso:Criticalthinking(amustwatch),RichardFeynmanonDoubtandUncertainty(amustwatch).
ItisfarbettertograsptheUniverseasitreallyisthantopersistindelusion,howeversatisfyingand
reassuring.CarlSagan
Godisaneverrecedingpocketofignorancethatsgettingsmallerandsmallerastimegoeson.Neil
deGrasseTyson

22. Thereisnoevidencegoddoesntexist,sobeliefisasjustifiedorasvalidasnonbelief.
Argumentfromignorance.
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Acommonattempttoshifttheburdenofprooformakeroomforagod.Representsatypeoffalsedichotomy
thatexcludesthefactthatthereisinsufficientinvestigationandthepropositionhasnotyetbeenproveneither
trueorfalse.
Thefailuretodisprovetheexistenceofsomethingdoesnotconstituteproofofitsexistence.
Beliefisnotasvalidapositionasskepticismwhendealingwithunsupportedorunfalsifiableclaimsbecauseall
suchclaimswouldneedtobebelievedimplicitly.Agnosticatheismisthemostrationalposition.
Note:Itispossibletogatherevidenceofabsenceanddisprovespecificclaimsaboutanddefinitionsofagod.
[Video]
Seealso:Puttingfaithinitsplace(amustwatch),ALackofBeliefinGods,CriticalThinking.
23. Atheistsshouldprovegoddoesntexist.
Russellsteapot.
Theburdenofproofisonthepersonorpartyassertingtheclaiminthiscase,thetheist.
Seealso:TheDragoninmyGaragebyCarlSagan,InvisiblePinkUnicornandFlyingSpaghettiMonster.
24. Atheismtakesfaith/isareligion.
Callingatheismareligionislikecallingbaldahaircolor,ornotcollectingstampsahobby.
Atheismissimplyalackofbeliefinagodorgods,nothingmore.Ifwedeconstructthetermatheismwefind
atheismwhichmeanswithouttheismwhich,inturn,meanswithoutbeliefingod(s).Itis,therefore,
not a positive belief or a claim to knowledge. Instead, it is the default position of doubt, uncertainty and
skepticism one may have regarding claims made by theists. Just as it takes no faith to lack belief or remain
uncertainconcerninganyotherimaginableclaim,ittakesnonetodoubttheexistenceofagodorgods.See
also:Atheismisbasedonfaith,RussellsTeapot.
Everyhumanbeingeverbornbeginslifeasanimplicitatheistandmustbetaughttheconceptoftheismor,
morecommonly,indoctrinatedwithit.
Atheismhasnosacredtexts,objects,placesortimes,noritualsorcreationstories,nopositivebeliefs,central
tenants,modesofworshiporsupernaturalclaims,noimplicitorderivedmoralcodes,philosophiesorworld
views and no central organisation or church. It fulfills none of the criteria that define a religion. See also:
Atheismisareligion.
Atheists may subscribe to any additional ideologies, philosophies and belief systems they choose, eg.
Buddhism, Jainism, Universalism, Environmentalism, Pragmatism, Liberalism, Socialism, Libertarianism,
Conservatism, etc. They may even appreciate components of traditional religion and spiritualism, including
anysupernaturalelementsunrelatedtoagod.Commonamongmanyatheists,however,isanappreciationfor
secularism,rationalism,humanism,skepticism,naturalism,materialismandfreethinkingnoneofwhichare
implicitorderivedfromatheism,nornecessaryinordertolackbelief.
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See also: A Lack of Belief in Gods for a short introduction to atheism (a must watch), Sam Harris
MisconceptionsaboutAtheism(amustwatch),Puttingfaithinitsplace(amustwatch).
Tosaythatatheismrequiresfaithisasdimwittedassayingthatdisbeliefinpixiesorleprechaunstakes
faith.EvenifEinsteinhimselftoldmetherewasanelfonmyshoulder,IwouldstillaskforproofandI
wouldntbewrongtoask.GeoffMather
25. Whataboutagnosticism?
Agnosticismistheviewthatthetruthvalueofcertainclaimsisunknownorunknowable.Itisaphilosophical
position not necessarily tied to gods existence or nonexistence. One can be agnostic about any claim. The
wordoriginatesfromtheAncientGreek(a),meaningwithout,and(gnsis),meaningknowledge
withoutknowledge.

Mostatheists,includingfamousonessuchasRichardDawkins,fallintothecategoryofAgnosticAtheism
theydontclaimtoknowwithcertaintythatgoddoesnotexist.Conversely,mosttheistsareGnosticTheists
theyclaimtoknowwithcertaintythattheirparticulargodexists.
WhenmostatheistssayGoddoesnotexisttheyaregenerallyspeakinginthesamemanneraswhenpeople
say Leprechauns/Santa Claus/Fairies/Unicorns dont exist those things do not appear exist within
contextualrealityinwhichwefindourselvesbut,importantly,thestatementisnotnecessarilyanabsoluteone.
Thereare,however,gnosticatheistswhoarecertainnogodexistsandtheygenerallypointtologicalproblems
thatwouldarisefromsaidgodsexistenceorevidencethisuniverseisinconsistentwithagod,forexample:
InfiniteRegression
ArgumentfromPoorDesign
TheAtheistsWager
NonbeliefParadox
OmnipotenceParadox
FreeWillParadox
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Argumentfromlocality
ArgumentfromNonreason
Argumentfromincompatibleproperties
FateoftheUnlearned
ProblemofEvilandProblemofHell
Seealso:TheDragoninmyGaragebyCarlSagan.
26. Whatwouldconvinceanatheistofagodsexistence?
Aparticularstandardofevidenceisrequiredtoproveanyclaim.Thisstandardisadjusteddependingupon
thenatureoftheclaim.Sincegodsexistenceisanextraordinaryclaim,perhapsthemostextraordinaryclaim,
provingitrequiresequallyextraordinaryevidence.
Thestandardofevidencerequiredtoproveagodsexistenceisimmediatelymorethananypersonalanecdote,
witness testimony, ancient book or reported miracle none of which can be considered extraordinarily
reliable. The human mind is also highly susceptible to being fooled and even fooling itself. One could be
sufferingfromanhallucinationoraformofundiagnosedschizophrenia,hysteriaorpsychosis,rulingouteven
ourownsensesasreliableevidencegatheringmechanismsinthiscase.Asstrangeasitsounds,misunderstood
aliensmightevenbeattemptingtointeractwithususingextremelyadvancedtechnology.Infact,realityitself
couldbeacomputersimulationwhichweunknowinglyinhabit.
Everyconceivableargument,everyimaginablepieceofevidenceforgodisnotwithoutsomefatalflawormore
likelyexplanationwhichprecludesitfrombeingusedasdefinitiveproof.Note:Thisisnotthesameasbeing
closeminded.
There is, however, a simple answer to this question: God is what it would take to convince an atheist. An
omniscient god would know the exact standard of evidence required to convince any atheist of its existence
and,beingomnipotent,itwouldalsobeabletoimmediatelyproducethisevidence.Ifitwantedto,agodcould
conceivably change the brain chemistry of any individual in order to compel them to believe. It could even
restructuretheentireuniverseinsuchawayastomakenonbeliefimpossible.
Inshort,agodactuallyprovingitsownexistenceiswhatwouldconvinceanyatheistofsaidgodsexistence.
Seealso:Sunset(amustread),TheDragoninmyGaragebyCarlSagan,TheArgumentfromnonbelief(amust
read),OpenMindedness(amustwatch).
Anysufficientlyadvancedtechnologyisindistinguishablefrommagic.ArthurC.Clark
Becauseiftheonlywaythesupremecreatoroftheentireuniversecandemonstratehisexistencetomeisto
createimagesofMaryorJesusonfooditems,Imnotimpressed.Anonymous
27. Idontwanttogotohell/Youwillgotohell.
PascalsWagerdoesnotactuallyargueinsupportoftheexistenceofagod,rather,itsimplyattemptstocoerce
insincereworship.Thereareseveralissueswiththisapproach:

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Multipleinconsistentandcontradictoryrevelations(Whichgod/hell?)
Hellisincompatiblewithanomnibenevolentgod.
Agodcouldrewardreasoning/skepticism.
Anomniscientgodwouldseethroughfeignedbeliefasaresultofcoercion.
Ifagodwantedeveryonetobelieveandknewexactlywhatwasneededtoconvincepeople,thenwhyare
thereatheistsatall?Isgodunabletopreventtransgressionofhiswill?
Infallibleforeknowledgeisincompatiblewithfreewill(Areatheistspredestinedforhell?)
Mostpeopleadheretothereligiontheywereborninto,theyhavenotexaminedallotherreligions.
Whatisthefateoftheunlearned?Whathappenstopeoplewhohavenotencounteredthespecificreligion
inwhichhellisanissue.
See also: Dawkins What if youre wrong? (a must watch), The Problem of Hell, Hell: An excessive
punishment,TheAtheistsWager.
Liveagoodlife.Iftherearegodsandtheyarejust,thentheywillnotcarehowdevoutyouhavebeen,but
willwelcomeyoubasedonthevirtuesyouhavelivedby.Iftherearegods,butunjust,thenyoushouldnot
wanttoworshipthem.Iftherearenogods,thenyouwillbegone,butwillhavelivedanoblelifethatwilllive
oninthememoriesofyourlovedones.Anonymous
WemustquestionthestorylogicofhavinganallknowingallpowerfulGod,whocreatesfaultyHumans,
andthenblamesthemforhisownmistakes.GeneRoddenberry

28. Iwanttogotoheaven.
Argument from wishful thinking. The primary psychological role of traditional religion is deathist
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rationalisation,thatis,rationalisingthetragedyofdeathasagoodthingtoalleviatetheanxietyofmortality.
Seealso:Nobodycangetintoheaven,HitchensonLifeandDeath(amustwatch)DawkinsWearegoingto
die,andthatmakesustheluckyones(amustwatch).
IwouldlovetobelievethatwhenIdieIwillliveagain,thatsomethinking,feeling,rememberingpartofme
willcontinue.ButmuchasIwanttobelievethat,anddespitetheancientandworldwideculturaltraditions
thatassertanafterlife,Iknowofnothingtosuggestthatitismorethanwishfulthinking.Theworldisso
exquisitewithsomuchloveandmoraldepth,thatthereisnoreasontodeceiveourselveswithprettystories
forwhichthereslittlegoodevidence.Farbetteritseemstome,inourvulnerability,istolookdeathinthe
eyeandtobegratefuleverydayforthebriefbutmagnificentopportunitythatlifeprovides.CarlSagan
Idonotfeardeath.IhadbeendeadforbillionsandbillionsofyearsbeforeIwasborn,andhadnotsuffered
theslightestinconveniencefromit.MarkTwain
29. IwanttobelieveinGodORIjusthavefaith.
Thereisatruthandrealityindependentofourdesires.Faithsimplyreinforcesyourbeliefinwhatyouwould
liketobetrue,ratherthanwhatreallyis.
In order to better under understand this reality and discover the truth we must look for evidence outside
ourselves.
Faithisntavirtueitistheglorificationofvoluntaryignorance.
Seealso:Puttingfaithinitsplace(amustwatch),Thefaithcake(amustwatch).
Everyatominyourbodycamefromastarthatexploded.And,theatomsinyourlefthandprobablycame
fromadifferentstarthanyourrighthand.ItreallyisthemostpoeticthingIknowaboutphysics:Youare
stardust.Youcouldntbehereifstarshadntexploded,becausetheelementsthecarbon,nitrogen,oxygen,
iron,allthethingsthatmatterforevolutionandforlifewerentcreatedatthebeginningoftime.They
werecreatedinthenuclearfurnacesofstars,andtheonlywayforthemtogetintoyourbodyisifthosestars
werekindenoughtoexplode.So,forgetJesus.Thestarsdiedsothatyoucouldbetoday.LawrenceKrauss
30. Believersarepersecutedbyatheists.
Blue Laws. Antiatheist laws. Discrimination against atheists. The written penalty for apostasy (leaving a
religion)inmostreligionsisdeath.
Believersclaimthevictimandimplythatnontheistsganguponthem,orrallyagainstthem.No,atheistsjust
lookatbelieversthesamewaytheymightlookatsomeonewhoclaimstheEarthisflat,orthattheEarthisthe
centreoftheuniverse:delusional.
Thebartheistssetforperceivedatheisthostilityappearstobeanyonesimplyvoicingadissentingopinionor
mentioninganinclinationtowardsnonbelief.Claimingpersecutionissimplyadeflectionfortheistswhoare
unwillingorunabletodealwithopencriticism.

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When Atheists arent considered the least trustworthy [PDF] group and comprise more than 70% of the
population,thenwelltalkaboutpersecution.

31. Whycantatheistsjustleavetheistsalone?
Because religion has been, and continues to be, responsible for countless horrors throughout human
history.Seealso:Religiouslymotivatedanimosity,violenceandoppressionanddiscrimination.
Foralltheproblemswefaceasasociety,manytheistschoosenotonlytodonothingtohelp,butactually
engageinsabotagebyactivelypreventingsolutionsfrombeinginstigated,usuallybysupportingirrational
political positions e.g. stemcell research, contraception, womens rights, sexual equality and even global
warming.
Becausebeliefinagodtapsintomankindsnaturaltendencytodefermoraldecisionmakingtoauthority
figures(includingpriests,prophets,holybooks,popes,ayatollahsandimams).ActingoutGodsplanor
Godswillisasurefirewaytoabsolveonesselfofresponsibilityforonesactions.Seealso:Cituke.
Becauseasafunctionalmemberofsocietyitbenefitseveryoneifyourdecisionmakingprocessisfounded
on evidence and reason, not on superstition. Faith isnt a virtue it is the glorification of voluntary
ignorance.
Because religious superstition erects an absolute monarchy in a persons mind. It teaches them to be
satisfied with with not understanding the world and represents a surrendering to ignorance under the
pretension of devine knowledge. Many of the greatest thinkers in human history have been repressed,
sometimes forcefully, by those with faith. It is not skeptics or explorers but fanatics and ideologues who
menacedecencyandprogress.Seealso:Hypatia,GalileoGalilei,GiordanoBruno,Therelationshipbetween
scienceandreligion.
Note:ThecommontheistresponseThosepeoplearentreally[insertreligion]isanexampleoftheNoTrue
Scotsmanfallacy.IfalltheChristianswhohavecalledotherChristiansnotreallyaChristianweretovanish,
theredbenoChristiansleft.
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Seealso:TheEthicsofBelief(amustread).
Mennevercommitevilsofullyandjoyfullyaswhentheydoitforreligiousconvictions.BlaisePascal
Nobeliefheldbyoneman,howeverseeminglytrivialthebelief,andhoweverobscurethebeliever,isever
actuallyinsignificantorwithoutitseffectonthefateofmankindWilliamClifford
32. Militantatheistsarejustasbadasreligiousones.
No,theyrenot.Therearenocallsforslavery,rapeormurderintheatheistholybook.
Atheistsaremostoftencalledmilitantwhentheypassionatelydefendreasonandadvocatecriticalthinking.
The bar theists set for perceived hostility appears to be any atheist simply voicing an opinion in dissent of
religious belief. In contrast, the bar atheists set for perceived theistic hostility is any form of religiously
motivatedviolenceoroppression.
Atheismdoesnotprecludesomeonefrombeingargumentativeorinsensitivethosethingsaresimplyseenas
beingpreferabletokillingoneanotheroveranimaginaryfriend.
AmilitantatheistwilldebateinaUniversitytheatreorappealfortheseparationofreligionandgovernment.
A militant theist will kill doctors, stone women to death, incite religious war, restrict sexual and gender
equalityandconvincechildrentheyareflawedandworthlessallundertheinstructionoftheirimaginedgod
orholybook.
Itcanbearguedthatthereisnosuchthingasamilitantatheist,thatthetermisitselfamisnomer,because
thereissimplynoideologyorphilosophyinatheismtobemilitantabout.Ifanatheistissomeonewholacks
beliefingods,thenamilitantatheistisapparentlysomeonewhopassionatelylacksabeliefingods.Allother
possiblebeliefsandideologiesincludinganydesiretooppresstheismcomefromoutsideatheism.Thisis
incontrasttoreligiousbelief,whichoftenincludesasetoflawsandcommandmentspurportedlyderivedfrom
asupernaturalsourceaboutwhichonecanbemilitant.
Note: Militant atheism is most often confused with gosateizm (state atheism), which was based on the
ideologyofMarxismLeninism.Itwasthisideologywhichwasresponsiblefortheoppressionandmurderof
theists under several 20th century communist regimes. Atheism is simply a lack of belief in gods with no
inheritmoral,politicalorphilosophicalbaggage.
See also: The Ethics of Belief (a must read), Richard Dawkins on Militant Atheism, Christian Terrorism,
IslamicTerrorism,AtheistTerrorism(nolinkfound).
Imsorryifmyinsensitivitytowardsyourbeliefsoffendsyou.Butguesswhatyourreligiouswars,jihads,
crusades,inquisitions,censoringoffreespeech,brainwashingofchildren,forcinggirlsintounderage
marriages,femalegenitalmutilation,stoning,pederasty,homophobiaandrejectionofscienceandreason
offendme.SoIguesswereeven.Anonymous

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33. Whereisgod?(Interjection)Enteryouremailaddress
Argumentfromnonbelief.

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Whyisitnowthatwehavedevelopedrationalinquirywehearonlyadeafeningsilencefromagodwhoonce
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supposedlyengagedregularlyinhumanaffairs?Whydoesgodnotsimplyspeaktousorappearbeforeusashe
supposedly used to? Why are we the losers in the dice roll of time? If a god places such a high value on us
worshippingandbelievingthenwhynotsimplymakeitsexistenceobvioustous?
Ifoneacceptstheprevailingscientificunderstandingofthedevelopmentoftheuniverse,yetalsobelievesin
oneofthemajorreligions,thenpresumablyagodsatidlefor13.7billionyearswaitingasthestars,galaxies
andplanetsformed.ThenitwatchedwithcompleteandutterindifferenceasmodernHomoSapiansevolved,
struggledanddiedforafurther150,000years.Finally,afewthousandyearsago,thisgodsuddenlydecidedto
revealitselftoseveralpeopleinthemostprimitive,illiterateandremoteportionsofhumanityinacompletely
unverifiablewayandthensimplydisappeared.
Seealso:HitchensonGod(amustwatch).
IfGodhadwantedustobelieveinhim,hewouldhaveexisted.LindaSmith

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34. ThelogicalproblemofJesus.(Interjection)
IfJesusisGodthenpresumablyheisomniscient.Ifthisistrue,thenwhenheallowedhimselftobesacrificed,
didnthedothiswiththeknowledgethathewasimmortal?Ifso,thenhowexactlywasitasacrificeforhim?
Whatdidhesacrifice?
IfJesusisthesonofgod,butalsogodhimself,thenhesupposedlysacrificedhimselftohimselftosavewhat
hecreatedfromhimself.Healso,therefore,prayedtohimselfandbeggedhimselfnottorequirehimselfbe
crucifiedinordertoappeasehimselfandsavetheworldfromthewrathofhimself.Anonymous
35. Jesuswaswhollygoodandmoral.
Assumingthefigureevenexisted,thispositionisincorrect.
TheresnohellmentionedintheOldTestament.Thepunishmentofthedeadisnotspecifiedthere.Itsonly
withgentleJesus,meekandmild,thattheideaofeternaltortureforminortransgressionsisintroduced.
ChristopherHitchens
36. Atheistsarecloseminded.
Being openminded does not mean accepting claims outright, it means demonstrating the willingness to
considernewones.Anopenmindedpersonisreceptivetonewideas,opinionsandargumentsandwantsto
discovertheirrealtruthvaluebeforeacceptingthem.Atheistsaregenerallyveryopenminded.
Unjustified belief in the supernatural does not automatically make someone openminded and, conversely,
disbeliefpendingfurtherevidencedoesnotautomaticallymakesomeonecloseminded.
Athiests simply do not usually exhibit gullibility or credulity. They maintain a standard of evidence
proportionaltotheextraordinarynatureofcertainclaims.Theyareusuallyopentotheideaofgod,butsofar
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unconvincedbyanyevidenceorargumentputforwardtosupportit.
Seealso:Openmindedness(amustwatch),SamHarrisMisconceptionsaboutAtheism(amustwatch),The
DragoninmyGaragebyCarlSagan.
Awiseman,therefore,proportionshisbelieftotheevidenceDavidHume
37. Atheismleadstoaworsesociety.
Atheism and secularism correlate highly with the wellbeing of individuals and societies by almost every
possiblemeasure.
Atheism is correlated with better scientific literacy [2][3], lower poverty rates, higher literacy rates, higher
average incomes, less violence, lower divorce rates, lower teen pregnancy rates, lower STD infection rates,
lowercrimeratesandlowerhomiciderates.
IrreligionbyCountry,DemocracyIndex,EducationIndex,Economicfreedom,OverallHumanDevelopment.
Atheismiscorrelatedwithhigherintelligence:Source1Source2Source3Source4Source5Source6Source7
Source8Source9.
Seealso:EpiphenomTheScienceofReligionandNonBelief
Iknowofnosocietyinhumanhistorythateversufferedbecauseitspeoplebecametoodesirousofevidence
insupportoftheircorebeliefs.SamHarris

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38. AtheisminspiredNazism/Communism/SocialDarwinism.
Anadhominemdeflectionwhichdemonstratesafailuretounderstandthatatheismissimplyalackofbeliefin
god(s),withnoinheritmoral,politicalorphilosophicalbaggage,andthusnolinecanbedrawnfromittothe
aforementionedideologies.Inthesamevein,democracycouldbecalledatheistic.Seealso:Associationfallacy,
appealtoemotionandirrelevantthesis.
Hitlerwasreligiousandpubliclydecriedatheism.Seealso:NazismandReligion,ReductioadHitlerum.
StalinismandCommunismexercisedgosateizm(stateatheism)basedontheideologyofMarxismLeninism.
Atheismwasameanstoanend,notacause.Seealso:SovietUnionandReligion.
SocialDarwinismandEugenicssupplantactualnaturalselectionwithanunobjectivepersonalperceptionof
fitness. They are based on bad biology (genetic variability is actually very important for a species) and are
completelyindependentofatheism.
DarwinobservedanddescribedevolutionthesamewayNewtondidforgravity.Itwassimplyadiscoveryofa
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factabouttheworldnotanengineeredphilosophyonhowtobehave.JustaswedonotblameNewtonfor
the fact that gravity is used as a tool in the deployment of bombs, we cannot blame Darwin for individually
misguidedapplicationsofnaturalselection.
Note:Religioninspirestheocracy.
Note: Survival of the Fittest does not simply mean fastest, strongest, or most violent. It is a measure of an
individuals adaptation to the local environment, which can often mean demonstrating cooperation,
intelligenceandcompassion[2].Humansareoutmatchedinmanywaysbyanimals,butaresuccessfulbecause
oftheirsocialskillsandtooluse.
Seealso:EarlyCriticsofEugenicswerebiologists,NatualisticFallacy,EvolutionandPhilosophy, Talkorigins:
Hitler,Stalin,SocialDarwinism.
Wewereconvincedthatthepeopleneedandrequirethisfaith.Wehavethereforeundertakenthefight
againsttheatheisticmovement,andthatnotmerelywithafewtheoreticaldeclarations:wehavestampedit
out.AdolfHitler

CatholicpriestsperformingaNazisalute.

39. Beliefgiveslifemeaning/purposeORAtheismisnihilistic.
The question of lifes meaning and purpose is made no less important to an individual by not believing in a
god.However,insteadofaskingWhatisthemeaningoflife?(whichisbeggingthequestion)anatheistmight
askWhatmeaning,ifany,canIgivetomylife?.
Most things in life are worth doing for their own sake, they do not require an existential reason. Satisfying
curiosity, experiencing love and friendship, acting charitably, delighting our senses and achieving personal
goalsallprovideaninheritsenseofgratificationandpurpose.Conversely,religiondepriveslifeofanypersonal
meaningbyturningitintoaformofserfdom,inwhichouronlygoalistoappeasethewhimsofasupposed
creatorandfollowitsplan.Anyimpetustoseekknowledgeandexploreisremovedbecauseallthesupposed
answersareprovided.

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Beyond simple biological imperatives lifes purpose is what we make it and nihilism is just one of many
possibleapproaches.Forexample,Naturalismwouldsuggestthatonespurposeistofosteranenvironmentin
which the species can survive, either by passing on genes or memes. Humanism suggests it is to promote
human flourishing. Postmodernism suggests it is to create complex structures and interactions for the
purposeofjoyandunderstanding.Buddhism,whichisfullycompatiblewithatheism,suggestsitistofocus
onthehumanpotentialtoovercomesufferingandachievepeacefulness.
Perspectiveisimportant,withineachofourtrillioncellswecarryageneticheritage,unbroken,stretchingback
over4billionyears.
The Universe, in its silent dwarfing beauty, may not care about human life but we do. So our brief and
improbabletimeheremaybestbespentexperiencingitswonderstogether,notinindenturedservitudetoan
imaginarycelestialdictator.
Seealso:RichardFeynmanonscienceandpurpose[shorter](amustwatch),DawkinsWearegoingtodie
andwearetheluckyones(amustwatch),AReassuringFablebyCarlSagan.
Ifnothingwedomatters,thenallthatmattersiswhatwedo.JossWhedon
Thesignificanceofourlivesandourfragileplanetisdeterminedonlybyourownwisdomandcourage.We
arethecustodiansoflifesmeaning.WelongforaParenttocareforus,toforgiveusourerrors,tosaveus
fromourchildishmistakes.Butknowledgeispreferabletoignorance.Betterbyfartoembracethehard
truththanareassuringfable.Ifwecravesomecosmicpurpose,thenletusfindourselvesaworthygoal.
CarlSagan
40. Sciencekeepschanging,itisntreliable.
The suggestion that science is unreliable because it changes is akin to believing new maps are unreliable
becausecartographyisimproving.
Sciencehasdemonstrablyproducedthemostaccurateandreliablemodelsoftheuniversethatmankindhas
everknownanditisuponthesemodelsthatallmoderntechnology,medicineandindustryarebased.Science
onlyappearstobeerraticbecauseofsensationalistreportinginthepopularmedia.
Science keeps changing because the tools used to perform science keep improving. When the universe of
availableevidencechanges,scientifictheoriesmustbereevaluated.Therearenoabsolutetruthsinscienceall
laws, theories and conclusions can become obsolete if they are found in contradiction with new evidence.
However,ascientifictheoryisthehighesthonouranyscientificprinciplecanobtain,fortheycompriseallthe
evidence,lawsandmodelsrelevanttoanobservedphenomena.Theoriesarerarelyprovenincorrectandare
usuallyrefinedonatimescalemeasuredincenturies.
Thescientificmethodisnotasinglerecipe:itrequiresintelligence,intuition,andcreativity.Itisanongoing
cycle, constantly developing more useful, accurate and comprehensive models and methods, but not
necessarily discarding old ones. For example, when Einstein developed the General and Special Theories of
Relativity,hedidnotinanywayrefuteordiscountNewtonsPrincipia.Onthecontrary,iftheastronomically
large,vanishinglysmallandextremelyfastareremovedfromEinsteinstheoriesphenomenaNewtoncould
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not have observed Newtons equations are what remain. Einsteins theories are simply expansions and
refinementsofNewtonstheoriesandthusincreaseourconfidenceinNewtonsworkwhileprovidingadeeper
understanding. The very same relationship applies to Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics, and to
EvolutionandGenetics.
Scienceisanexerciseinfalsifiability.Unlikereligiousdogma,whichpresumesthetruth,thescientificmethod
isaselfcorrectingprocess,aneversharpeningblade.Themodelsusedbysciencetoexplainobservationsand
makepredictionsaresimplythemostcorrectatthetime.Thegreatestskepticismshouldalwaysbereserved
for inflexible positions whose proponents insist that they and their assertions are above question and
examination.
Seealso:Thenatureofscience(Chessanalogy)byRichardFeynman(amustwatch),Youcanttrustscience!(a
mustwatch),ScienceKeepsChangingIronChariots,TheRelativityofWrongIsaacAsimov(amustread).
Godsarefragilethingstheymaybekilledbyawhiffofscienceoradoseofcommonsense.Chapman
Cohen
41. Sciencetakesfaith/Scienceisareligion.
Science is an enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and
predictions. The main role of observation and experimentation in science is to criticize and refute existing
theories. Scientific knowledge is created by asking questions and testing conjectures/hypotheses against
reality.
Faith is absolute trust or confidence in a belief. Conversely, scientific theories are inherently falsifiable
meaningtheycanbeprovenwrong.Noclaimsofabsolutetrutharebelievedorneedtobetakenonfaithin
sciencebecausenonearemade.Truescientistssay,Weareawarethatourtheoriesandconclusionsarenot
perfect,justthebestfitfortheavailableevidence.
Scientific knowledge is a form of justified belief grounded in empirical evidence and the demonstrable
reliability of the scientific method. Faith is an unjustified belief based on fantasy, superstition and wishful
thinking.
Scienceconvergesonthetruthviaquestioning.Itssolutionsandexplanationsdonotdifferbetweennationsor
culturesbecausetheycanbetestedbyanyone,anywhere,anytime.Whateverknowledgescienceproducesis
valideverywhere.Religion,ontheotherhand,divergesintoamyriadofformsandbeliefsbasedonindividual
experiencesandinterpretationswhichcannotbetestedagainstreality.
Ifallknowledgeofsciencewaslost,someonecouldpotentiallyfigureitoutagain.Whatistrueremainstrue,
and anyone could discover that truth again using the same method that revealed it in the first place.
Conversely,ifeverytraceofreligionwerewipedoutandnothingwerepassedon,itwouldneverbecreatedin
exactlythesamewayagain.
Scienceisthepursuitoftruth,notthepresumptionofit.
Seealso:Thefaithcake(amustwatch),IsScienceaReligion?,Skewedviewsofscience,Ifscienceworkedlike
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religionDawkins(amustwatch).
Faithdoesnotgiveyoutheanswers,itjuststopsyouaskingthequestions.FraterRavus

42. Scienceiscold/heartless/joyless.Itremovesbeautyandwonderfromtheworld.
OnthebeautyofaflowerbyNobelLaureateRichardFeynman
AReassuringFablebyCarlSagan
Sciencesavedmysoul.
ThemostastoundingfactbyNeilDeGrasseTyson
TheStoryofEverythingbyCarlSagan
TheUltimateRubeGoldbergMachine+ReverseEngineeringtheUniverse.
EarthThePaleBlueDot,AnotherInterpretationbyCarlSagan
UnweavingtheRainbowbyRichardDawkins
AUniverseNotMadeForUsbyCarlSagan
TheSaganSeries.
Whatsthebigidea?byBrianGreene
Hydrogenisalight,odorlessgas,which,givenenoughtime,turnsintopeople.EdwardR.Harrison
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43. IfGodisthePotter,whoarewetosaywhathedoeswithhisclay?
Why would a perfect potter create an imperfect mold, order it to be perfect and then judge it based on the
imperfectionshegaveit?

44. Theisticargumentswhichassumegodsexistencearelogicallyvalid.
Simplybecausealogicallyvalidargumentcanbeconstructeddoesnotimplyatruepremiseortrueconclusion.
Allcupsaregreen.
Socratesisacup.
Therefore,Socratesisgreen.
Although the above argument is logically valid, neither its premise nor conclusion are actually true. An
argumentisonlysoundifitisvalidanditspremiseandconclusionsaretrue.
Seealso:FalsePremise.
45. Assuminggodexists,argumentsagainsttheistclaimsareillogical/fallacious.
Thingscanexistindifferentcontexts:Godexists,inthesensethatGodisanideathatpeoplehave.Atheists
cancommentperfectlyfineontheimplicationsofbeliefandongodasacharacterwithoutbeingrequiredto
believeingod.
When atheists agree with the premise of a gods existence for the purpose of showing the absurdity of a
theistic argument, they may still question conclusions about gods nature by debating the correctness of the
inference.Forexample:

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Godexists.
Therefore,youshouldworshipgod.
Simply because a god may exist, does imply said god requires worship. In fact, a perfect god should, by
definition,requirenothing.Thisisknownasanonsequitur.
Thereisnothingmoretellingofapersonsfundamentallackofperspectiveandhumilitythananinsistence
thatiftheycannotreconciletheirbeliefswithreality,thenrealityitselfmustbewrong.Anonymous
46. Atheistspresupposegodsnonexistencewhenmakingcounterarguments.
Presuppositionalism[2][Wiki].
Atheists do not presuppose gods nonexistence, atheists are simply unconvinced of gods existence.
Argumentsmadebytheistscanberefutedwithoutappealingtoagodspotentialnonexistence.
Argumentsmadebyatheistsagainstgodsexistence,betheyapriorioraposteriori,arenotinvalidduetothe
factthatproponentsofpresuppositionalismhavefailedtoestablishreasonandlogicasbeingdependantupon
theexistenceofgod.
Seealso:TheTranscendentalargument,FormalRefutations.
Onelastthing
WhenIbecameconvincedthattheuniversewasnatural,thatalltheghostsandgodsweremyths,
thereenteredintomybrain,intomysoul,intoeverydropofmyblood,thesense,thefeeling,the
joyoffreedom.Thewallsofmyprisoncrumbledandfell.Thedungeonwasfloodedwithlightand
alltheboltsandbarsandmanaclesturnedtodust.Iwasnolongeraservant,aserf,oraslave.
Therewasformenomasterinallthewideworld,notevenininfinitespace.
Iwasfreetothink.Freetoexpressmythoughts,freetoliveinmyownideal.Freetoliveformyself
andthoseIloved.Freetouseallmyfaculties,allmysenses.Freetospreadimaginationswings,
freetoinvestigate,toguess,anddreamandhope.Freetojudgeanddetermineformyself.Freeto
reject all ignorant and cruel creeds, all the inspired books that savages have produced, and the
barbarouslegendsofthepast.Freefromsanctifiedmistakesandholylies.Freefromthefearof
eternalpain,freefromthewingedmonstersofthenight.Freefromdevils,ghostsandgods.Forthe
firsttimeIwasfree.
There were no prohibited places in all of the realm of thought. No error, no space where fancy
couldnotspreadherpaintedwings.Nochainsformylimbs.Nolashesformyback.Noflamesfor
myflesh.NoMastersfrownorthreat,nofollowinginanotherssteps.Noneedtoboworcringeor
crawl,orutterlyingwords.IwasfreeIstooderectandfearlessly,joyouslyfacedallworlds.
My heart was filled with gratitude, with thankfulness, and went out in love to all the heros, the
thinkerswhogavetheirlivesforlibertyofhandandbrain,forthefreedomoflaborandthoughtto
thosewhofellonthefiercefieldsofwar.Tothosewhodiedindungeons,boundinchains,tothose
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byfireconsumed,toallthewise,thegood,thebraveofeverylandwhosethoughtsanddeedshave
givenfreedomtothesonsofmen.Andthen,Ivowedtograspthetorchthattheyheld,andholdit
high,Thatlightmightconquerdarknessstill.
RobertGreenIngersoll(18331899)
Whatnow?
ContinuetoAdditionalLinks.
OR
BeginwatchingtheChristianDeconversionSeries,CarlSagansAUniverseNotMadeForUsorTheSagan
Series.
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3,167ResponsestoResponsestocommontheistarguments
OdysseuSKamisays:
June14,2015at11:01am

Wow,wonderfullysaid.ImreallygladIreadthroughallthis.Thankyouforsharingthis.

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Anonymoussays:
June1,2015at3:31am

Sentienceorbeingabletoperceiveinphysicaltermsisnotequivalenttobeingsapientandabletocomprehendtheir
awarenessandallitentails.Scientistswhounderstandthatourexistenceiscomposedofinvisiblesubatomicparticlesshould
understandtheinconsequentialsignificanceofthephysicalperceptionofreality.

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