0 évaluation0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)
12 vues2 pages
The authors disagree with the view presented in the discussion that under small repeated loading, an undrained clay specimen will reach equilibrium with zero recoverable strain and pore pressure but increasing permanent strain over time. Their research and that of others found near constant recoverable strain and pore pressure levels with decreasing permanent strain over time under small repeated loads. The example discussed does not clearly represent equilibrium as the specimen experiences significant straining after 70 seconds, likely exceeding the critical stress level for elastic behavior. Pore pressures and strains in clays will continue increasing with time under constant or repeated loads consistent with creep behavior, not a state of true equilibrium.
The authors disagree with the view presented in the discussion that under small repeated loading, an undrained clay specimen will reach equilibrium with zero recoverable strain and pore pressure but increasing permanent strain over time. Their research and that of others found near constant recoverable strain and pore pressure levels with decreasing permanent strain over time under small repeated loads. The example discussed does not clearly represent equilibrium as the specimen experiences significant straining after 70 seconds, likely exceeding the critical stress level for elastic behavior. Pore pressures and strains in clays will continue increasing with time under constant or repeated loads consistent with creep behavior, not a state of true equilibrium.
The authors disagree with the view presented in the discussion that under small repeated loading, an undrained clay specimen will reach equilibrium with zero recoverable strain and pore pressure but increasing permanent strain over time. Their research and that of others found near constant recoverable strain and pore pressure levels with decreasing permanent strain over time under small repeated loads. The example discussed does not clearly represent equilibrium as the specimen experiences significant straining after 70 seconds, likely exceeding the critical stress level for elastic behavior. Pore pressures and strains in clays will continue increasing with time under constant or repeated loads consistent with creep behavior, not a state of true equilibrium.
determination of tensile strength of soils. Preprint of paper presented at the 50th Ann. Meet. Highw. Res. Board, Washington, D.C. KRISHNAYYA, A. V. G. 1973. Analysis of cracking of earth dams. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. INGLES,0. G., and FRYDMAN, S. 1963. An examination of
545
some methods for strength measurement in soils.
Proc. 4th Australia-New Zealand Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng., Adelaide, pp. 213-219. MELLOR,M., and HAWKES, 1. 1971. Measurement oftensile strength by diametral compression of discs and annuli. Eng. Geoi. 5 (3). pp. 173-225.
Pore Pressures and Strains after Repeated Loading
of Saturated Clay: Reply NYALE. WILSON Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, H~nzilron,Ontnrio L8S 4L7 AND
JOHNR. GREENWOOD Molt, Huy, mzd Anderson, Consdritzg Engineers, 20-26 Wellesley Rood, Croydon, Surrey, Englnrzd Received July 10, 1975 Accepted A u g ~ ~15, s t 1975
The discussion states the view that under the
action of a small repeated load, an undrained triaxial test specimen will exhibit reducing values of recoverable strain and pore pressure until a point of equilibrium is reached at which the recoverable strain and pore pressure are zero and yet the rate of permanent strain is still increasing with time. This is in conflict with the results of Greenwood (1970) and Sangrey et al. (1969) who found near constant values of recoverable strain and pore pressure and a rate of permanent strain decreasing with time under a small repeated load. The discussion does not state the level of repeated stress, CT,, used in the test represented by their Fig. 2. It is apparent that this specimen is not in equilibrium but is well on its way to failure after 70 s of repeated loading. The reduction in the recoverable component of pore pressure, AU,., may be explained by dilatancy during shear. The apparent reduction in recoverable strain, A+, may be due to the rapid load-unload cycle of 1 s not allowing time for the recoverable strains to develop. It is stated in the discussion that the example is consistent with the equilibrium condition illustrated by Sangrey et al. (1969). This is not the case, as Sangrey's equilibrium condition involves recoverable stress-strain hvsteresis loops (consistent with elastic theoryj and 'Discussion by Ghazzaly, Osman J. and Ha, HoBoo. 1975. Can. Geotech. J . 12(2), pp. 265-268. Can. Geotech. J., 12,545 (1975)
essentially constant levels of nonrecoverable
pore pressure and axial strain. It would appear that the applied repeated stress used in the example (Fig. 2 ) exceeded the critical level below which the soil behaves in an essentially elastic manner. Although the tests of Greenwood confirm the experimental trends shown by Sangrey et al., the equilibrium condition was not clearly defined. Pore pressures and strains continue to increase with time under load. This is consistent with normal creep behavior and has been shown by others (Walker 1969; Brown et al. 1975). In the field the continued increase of pore pressure in the long term is unlikely to cause instability as pore pressure dissipation will undoubtedly occur at an equal or faster rate. However, long-term settlements will continue under repeated load. Experimental evidence (Greenwood 1970) indicates that these settlements can be significantly greater than under the same static load, particularly at higher levels of applied stress. The pore pressure parameter A , as used in the discussion, is not considered appropriate to constant or repeated load testing as it does not reflect the important pore pressure - strain -time relationships. Elastic (recoverable) pore pressures may be related directly to the applied stress but permanent (nonrecoverable) pore pressures are related primarily to the straining of the sample.
546
CAN. GEOTECH. J. VOL. 12, 1975
BROWN,S. F., LASHINE,
A. K. F., and HYDE,A. F. L. 1975. Repeated load triaxial testing of a silty clay. Geotechnique, 25(l), pp. 95-1 14. GREENWOOD, J. R. 1970. Shear strength of clays after repeated loading. M.Eng. Thesis, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ont. SANGREY, D. A., HENKEL, D. J., and ESRIG,M. J. 1969.
The effective stress response of a saturated clay soil to
repeated loading. Can. Geotech. J. 6(3), pp. 241-252. WALKER, L. K. 1969. Undrained creep in a sensitive clay. Geotechnique, l9(4), pp. 515-529. WILSON,N . E., and GREENWOOD, J . R. 1974. Pore pressures and strains after repeated loading of saturated clays. Can. Geotech. J. 11(2), pp. 269-277.
Skempton - Standard Penetration Test Procedures and Effects in Sand Sof Overburden Pressure, Relative Density, Particle Size, Aging and Over Consolidation