Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Reviewer
on
Local
Government
Law
Alberto
C.
Agra
Flow
1. Nature
of
Local
Governments
2. Local
Autonomy
3. Powers
of
LGUs
4. Fiscal
Autonomy
5. Local
LegislaBon
6. Public
Accountability
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
Flow
Nature
of
LGUs
Local
Autonomy
Powers
of
LGUs
Fiscal
Autonomy
Local
LegislaBon
Public
Accountability
1.
Nature
of
LGUs
Ours
is
sBll
a
unitary
form
of
government,
not
a
federal
state.
LGUs
are
Territorial
and
Poli@cal
Subdivisions
(of
1
unit)
Not
Imperium
in
Imperio,
Not
Independent
Sub-
NaBonal
Units
Not
impenetrable
states;
under
supervision
of
President
and
maybe
held
accountable
5
Levels/
Kinds
(Autonomous
Regions,
Provinces,
CiBes
[HUCs
not
under
provincial
oversight],
MunicipaliBes
and
Barangays)
LGUs
are
Municipal
Corpora@on
Proper;
Administra@ve
Agencies;
Public
Oces
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
1.
Nature
of
LGUs
LGU
Dual
Capaci@es:
Governmental/
Public
and
Proprietary/
Private
Dual
Agency:
LGUs
as
Agents
of
the
State
and
People
Sources
of
Powers:
ConsBtuBon,
Law
and
Charter
(No
Inherent
Powers)
LegislaBve
(not
consBtuBonal)
Separa@on
of
Powers
Corporate
Succession
(Contractual
ObligaBons)
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
1.
Nature
of
LGUs
Crea7on
Legisla@ve
Act:
Charter
(Not
by
ExecuBve
Branch
unless
State
RecogniBon
and
No
Judicial
DissoluBon;
President
can
merge
administraBve
regions);
Authority
to
set
requirements
for
certain
local
governments
Criteria:
PopulaBon,
Land
Area
(includes
DENR-managed
forestlands)
and
(or)
Income
(internal
or
external);
liberal
construcBon
Dis@nct
Personality:
Municipality
to
a
City
Failure
to
idenBfy
Seat
of
Government
not
fatal
Plebiscite
(directly
aected;
upgrade
and
downgrade;
boundary
disputes
prejudicial
quesBon;
plebiscite
protest
cases
Comelec;
conversion
to
HUC
is
substanBal
alteraBon
of
boundaries)
Assail
Existence:
Quo
Warranto
(5
years)
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
1. Nature of LGUs
P/C/M/B
ARMM
CAR
MMDA
AA; LGU
AA; LGU
AA
AA
Admin
Autonomy
Political
Autonomy
Not Enjoy
Autonomy
Not Enjoy
Autonomy
Police &
Legislative
Power
Police &
Legislative
Power
No Police
Power; No
Legislative
No Police
Power; No
Legislative
Presidential
Supervision
Presidential
Supervision
Presidential
Control
Presidential
Control
Amend by
Pres./ Law
Amend by Law
2.
Local
Autonomy
means
a
more
responsive
and
accountable
local
government
structure
insBtuted
through
a
system
of
decentraliza@on
does
not
contemplate
making
mini-states
out
of
LGUs
LGUs
xxx
form
part
of
the
whole.
Regional
autonomy
is
the
degree
of
self-determinaBon
exercised
by
the
LGU
vis--vis
the
central
government.
Autonomy
is
either
decentralizaBon
of
administraBon
or
decentralizaBon
of
power.
DecentralizaBon
comes
in
two
forms:
deconcentra@on
and
devolu@on.
DecentralizaBon
simply
means
the
devolu@on
of
na@onal
administra@on,
not
power,
to
LGUs.
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
2. Local Autonomy
Administrative
Decentralization
Deconcentration
Political
Decentralization
Devolution
Transfer of Functions:
National to Regional
Administrative
Transfer of Powers:
Central to Local
Powers, Responsibilities
and Resources
LGC: Section 17
Devolu@on
1.
2.
3.
4.
Devolu0on
is
power-specic.
Only
those
powers
enumerated
by
law
are
transferred
to
LGUs.
Those
not
expressly
transferred
are
retained
by
the
NGAs.
Devolu@on
Basic
Services
Regulatory Powers
o Approval
of
Subdivision
Plans
(HLURB)
o Enforcement
of
Environmental
Laws
(DENR)
o Enforcement
of
NaBonal
Building
Code
(DPWH)
o Franchising
of
Tricycles
(LTFRB)
o InspecBon
of
Meat
Products
(DA)
2. Local Autonomy
Decentralization of
Administration
Delegation of Administrative
Powers Regulatory Powers
and Basic Services
Decentralization of Power
Executive Supervision
Accountability to
Central Government
Accountability to the
Constituency; Self-Immolation
Provinces, Cities,
Municipalities and Barangays
Autonomous Regions
12
2. Local Autonomy
Areas
What is
transferred?
Basis of
Transfer
Effectivity of
Transfer
Examples
Delegation
State Powers
Devolution
Power of NGA
Law; Congress
Congress (or
President)
NGA facilitates
actual transfer
DSWD; DENR;
HLURB; LTFRB
Immediate; law
effectivity
3 Fundamental
Powers
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
13
2.
Local
Autonomy
Congress
retains
control
of
the
local
government
units
although
in
signicantly
reduced
degree
xxx
The
ConsBtuBon
connes
the
President's
power
over
the
LGUs
to
one
of
general
supervision.
This
provision
has
been
interpreted
to
exclude
the
power
of
control.
cannot
be
blunted
by
undue
interference
by
the
naBonal
government
in
purely
local
aairs
(PDAF)
The
President
can
only
interfere
in
the
aairs
and
acBviBes
of
a
local
government
unit
if
he
or
she
nds
that
the
laler
has
acted
contrary
to
law.
The
maler
being
peculiarly
local
in
nature,
the
municipal
council
alone
is
in
a
beler
posiBon
xxx
(Principle
of
Subsidiarity);
superior
competence
in
local
malers;
purely
local
aairs
best
resolved
by
the
ocials
and
inhabitants
of
such
poliBcal
units
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
14
2.
Local
Autonomy
Execu7ve
Supervision
Overseeing
Ensure
that
supervised
unit
follows
law/
rules
Allows
interference
if
supervised
unit
acted
contrary
to
law
Over
actor
and
act
There
must
be
a
law
(Yes
-
DOJ,
DBM;
None
-
DILG,
DENR)
Only
involves
quesBons
of
law
(declare
legal
or
illegal)
Control
15
2.
Local
Autonomy
Execu7ve
Supervision
1. Review
of
Orders
and
Ordinances
2. Disciplinary
AcBon
3. IntegraBon
of
Plans/
Zoning
4. Boundary
Disputes
5. Leaves/
ResignaBon/
Vacancies
6. AugmentaBon
of
Basic
Services
Legisla7ve Control
1. Structure
2. ElecBve
and
AppoinBve
Ocials
3. Powers
4. QualicaBons
5. Manner
of
SelecBon
6. Taxes
7. IRA/
NaBonal
Wealth
8. CreaBon
9. Public
Land
(plaza
cannot
be
converted
to
a
commercial
center)
16
2.
Local
Autonomy
Paradoxically,
local
governments
are
sBll
subject
to
regulaBon,
however
limited,
for
the
purpose
of
enhancing
self-government.
NaBonal
concern
cannot
be
subjected
to
fragmented
concepts
of
management
policies
where
xxx
local
government
units
exercise
exclusive
dominion
over
specic
porBons
xxx
(NaBonal
Dimension
Rule;
IntegraBon/
CentralizaBon)
The
Local
Government
Code
xxx
directs
execuBve
ocials
and
employees
of
the
municipality
to
faithfully
discharge
their
duBes
and
funcBons
as
provided
by
law.
Grants
LGUs
power
to
reorganize
and
streamline
bureaucracy,
adopt
organizaBon
development
program
LGU
no
power
over
program
funded
under
GAA
even
if
it
involves
delivery
of
basic
services
in
LGU
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
17
2.
Local
Autonomy
(Conict
Resolu@on)
LGU
Triumphed
vs.
DENR
(ordinance)
DBM
(allowance,
budget
ocer)
COA
(RATA)
DENR
(oil
depots)
DOJ
(tax
ordinance)
Regulate
telecoms
tower
(NTC)
Higher
LGU
(review)
DAR
(reclassify,
expropriaBon)
DILG
(barangay
liga)
OP
(IRA)
DOF
(RPC/
LGC)
BOI
(6-year
exempBon)
MMDA
(subdivision,
drivers
licenses,
natl
dumpsite;
terminals;
review
ordinances)
NAPOCOR
(voltage
cables)
DSWD
(devolved
personnel)
Congress
(IRA,
amend
Organic
Act)
18
2.
Local
Autonomy
In
favor
of
NGA/
GOCC
if:
IntegraBon
CentralizaBon
Avoid
fragmentaBon
Mandate
exclusive
under
Charter/
law
Implied
repeals
not
favored
InstrumentaliBes
of
the
State
NaBonal
or
cross-boundary
concerns
are
best
addressed
by
NGAs/
GOCCs
Local
autonomy
Local
concern/
issue
Isolated
issue
No
law
will
be
violated
Amounted
to
control
Express
repeal;
Conclusive
implied
repeal
Beyond
powers
of
NGA/
GOCC
Local
concerns
are
best
addressed
by
LGUs
(Principles
of
Subsidiarity
and
Stewardship)
19
3.
Powers
of
LGUs
LGUs
not
possess
inherent
powers
but
have
broad
powers
because
of
local
autonomy
LGUs
have
consBtuBonal
and
statutory
powers
Powers
interpreted
in
favor
of
LGUs
(local
autonomy;
scal
autonomy;
local
over
naBonal;
lower
over
higher)
20
21
22
23
Ban
Rallies
Lease
of
public
plaza
Wanton
denial
of
issuance
of
mayors
permit
Mayor
not
remove
oil
terminals
per
ordinance
Mayor
not
release
funds
when
appropriaBons
approved
22. Demolish
a
wall
or
build
a
fence
with
a
setback
for
the
purpose
of
allowing
the
general
public
to
use
the
property
of
the
private
owner
for
free
depriving
the
owner
of
exclusive
use
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
24
25
26
27
28
Zoning
Reclassify
Conversion
Change of
Owner
No Change
No Change
No Change
Any Land
Any Land
Agri to
Non-Agri
Agri to
Non-Agri
Change in
Use of Land
No Actual
Change
No Actual
Change
Change in
Use of Land
All LGUs
(P)/C/M
C/M
DAR
29
30
31
32
33
34
5.
Local
Legisla@on
Characteriza7on
Delegated
Authority
(by
ConsBtuBon
and
Law)
Subordinate
LegislaBon
(to
ConsBtuBon
and
Law)
Denominated
LegislaBon
(must
follow
procedures)
DerivaBve
LegislaBon
(from
people)
Presump7ons
Presumed
Valid
and
ConsBtuBonal
(substance)
Sanggunian
presumed
to
have
acted
with
regularity
(procedure)
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
35
5.
Local
Legisla@on
Local
Legisla7ve
Bodies
Collegial
Body
(in
a
session;
verbal
concurrence
not
enough)
Quorum
(all
elected
and
qualied)
VoBng
Requirement
(Majority,
excepBon)
Integrity
of
Procedure
(parole
evidence,
oral
tesBmony,
burden
of
proof)
1st
day
of
Session
(Internal
Rules
of
Procedure;
Other
Malers)
Readings
(possible
3
readings
in
1
day)
No
Coercive
Powers
(unlike
Congress)
Tax
Ordinances:
NoBce
and
Public
Hearing
On
Contracts:
Prior
authorizaBon
(raBcaBon);
not
ling
of
cases
(except
when
required
by
law,
e.g.,
eminent
domain)
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
36
5. Local Legislation
Ordinances
Equivalent to Law
Public or Governmental
Resolutions
Expression of Sentiment
or Opinion
Private or Proprietary
Temporary
37
5.
Local
Legisla@on
Why
Dis7nguish?
Legality
(expropriaBon;
reclassicaBon)
Applicable
Procedure
(veto
and
review)
ResoluBons
subject
to
review,
published
and
posted
(loan
obligaBon)
Authority
to
sign
contract
in
resoluBon
form
but
loan
obligaBon
which
mayor
is
authorized
to
enter
into
must
be
authorized
by
an
ordinance
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
38
5.
Local
Legisla@on
Tests
of
Valid
Ordinance:
Ordinances
must
NOT:
contravene
ConsBtuBon
be
inconsistent
with
Statutes
discriminate
be
unreasonable
be
contrary
to
public
policy
prohibit
trade
[void
legisla0ve
act
xxx
does
not
confer
any
right
nor
vest
any
privilege
to
xxx]
39
5.
Local
Legisla@on
Veto
Review
Intra-LGU
Inter-LGU
Higher Sanggunian
40
5.
Local
Legisla@on
Local Chief Executive
Vice-LCE/ Sanggunian
Executive; Ministerial to
Implement; Veto or Approve
Legislative
Enact, Amend or Repeal
Appoint Employees of
Executive Branch
Passage of Appropriations
Ordinance; loan obligation in
ordinance
41
5.
Local
Legisla@on
Role
of
NGAs:
When
there
is
a
Law
and
only
on
QuesBons
of
Law
(i.e.
DOJ,
DBM,
not
OP,
DENR
and
DILG)
Role
of
Courts:
Declare
Invalid,
Illegal
and
UnconsBtuBonal
(declaratory
relief);
Courts
will
go
slow
in
wriBng
o
an
ordinance
as
unreasonable
unless
the
amount
is
so
excessive
as
to
be
prohibiBve,
arbitrary,
unreasonable,
oppressive,
or
conscatory,
examine
municipal
condiBons
as
a
whole
Contracts:
Prior
authorizaBon
(unenforceable;
may
be
raBed
acquiescence
and
benet
e.g.
recogniBon;
specic
and
current
appropriaBon)
Eec@vity:
Ordinances
and
resoluBons
approving
the
LDPs
and
PIPs
formulated
by
the
LDCs
of
the
Sangguniang
Bayan
or
Sangguniang
Panlungsod
become
eecBve
awer
review
by
the
Sangguniang
Panlalawigan,
posBng
on
the
bulleBn
board,
and
publicaBon
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
42
6.
Public
Accountability
2
Levels:
Corporate
and
Personal
2
Capaci@es:
Governmental
and
Proprietary
faithfully
discharge
their
duBes
and
funcBons
as
provided
by
law
Accountable
Public
Ocers
Real
Party
in
Interest
(dismissal
and
appointment)
Loyalty/
1-Oce
Rule
Performance
of
Cons@tu@onal
and
Statutory
Du@es
(i.e.
midnight
appointments,
terminaBon
of
barangay
treasurer)
Local
chief
execuBves
have
control
over
oce
orders,
programs,
projects,
services,
and
ac@vi@es
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
43
6.
Public
Accountability
Subject
to
Disciplinary
Ac@on
(part
of
Supervision;
Types
of
Oenses
administraBve
and
penal)
2
Authori@es:
Disciplining
and
InvesBgaBon
Enjoys
Fixed
Term;
Has
Term-Limit
Subject
to
Several
Jurisdic@ons
Eect
of
Re-Elec@on
on
cases
(criminal
conBnue;
administraBve-
condoned;
only
applies
to
ocial)
Rule
on
Succession
(AcBng
Capacity,
Ranking,
Last
Vacancy,
2nd
placer)
Vice-Mayor
automaBcally
assumes
powers
of
mayor
when
mayor
abroad
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
44
6.
Public
Accountability
Term
of
Oce
Municipality
converted
to
a
City
(or
barangay
in
municipality
later
converted
to
a
city)
6
CondiBons:
1. Elected
to
the
PosiBon
(councilor
-
even
if
renamed
district
represents
8
of
10
LGUs)
2. Fully
Served
the
Term
(not
violate
when
assume
awer
winning
elecBon
protest)
3. No
Actual
Break
4. Immediate
ReelecBon
5. Regular
ElecBons
6. Involuntary
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
45
6.
Public
Accountability
Disciplinary
Ac7on:
ViolaBon
of
1. 1991
Local
Government
Code
2. AnB-Graw
and
Corrupt
PracBces
Act
3. Revised
Penal
Code
and
other
Penal
Laws
4. Omnibus
ElecBon
Code
5. Other
Special
Laws
46
6.
Public
Accountability
Oenses:
Examples
1. UsurpaBon
of
Authority
(mayor
under
prevenBve
suspension)
2. Reliance
on
Subordinates
(excepBon)
3. Technical
MalversaBon
(use
diverted)
4. Unwarranted
Benets
(salary
to
dismissed
employee)
5. Financial
or
Pecuniary
Interest
(license
to
cockpits)
6. Moral
Turpitude
(fencing)
7. Bad
Faith
(signing
of
voucher)
8. Illegal
Dismissal
(corporate
vs.
personal
liability)
9. Grossly
disadvantageous
contract
10. COA-approved
Disbursements
11. ParBal
ResBtuBon
of
Cash
Shortage
(misappropriaBon)
12. Onion-skinned
Ocials
13. Conversion
of
a
plaza
to
commercial
center
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
47
6.
Public
Accountability
Procedure
in
Administra7ve
Cases
ConsBtuBonal
Rights
of
Accused
Procedural
Due
Process
Form
of
Complaint
SubstanBal
Evidence
NoBce
of
Session
not
required
Decisions
when
nal
and
executory
Stay
of
ExecuBon
Rule
on
ExhausBon
of
AdministraBve
Remedies
When
appeal
Eect
of
ling
of
MoBon
for
ReconsideraBon
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
48
6.
Public
Accountability
Penalty
Preven@ve
Suspension
Removal
by
Courts
only
Prerequisites
(and
(excepBon)
excepBons)
Each
administraBve
oense,
Grounds
supported
by
6
months
evidence
Period
(Higher
LGU/
Sandiganbayan:
60
days;
Ombudsman:
6
months
MR
with
Higher
LGU
before
Courts
Authority
of
President/
Ombudsman
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
49
6.
Public
Accountability
Recall
No
Preparatory
Recall
Assembly,
only
Popular
PeBBon
(RA
9244)
Loss
of
Condence
a
poliBcal
quesBon
Another
PeBBon
if
Ocial
succeeds
to
another
oce
1-Year
Ban
refers
to
Recall
ElecBon
Meaning
of
Regular
Recall
ElecBon
Local
Government
Law
Reviewer,
Agra
50
51