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How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

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[Essay Tip for Newcomers] What to write & What not


to write in Mains IAS exam?
Essays (http://mrunal.org/category/essays), Tips (http://mrunal.org/category/tips) / 4 years Ago /
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1. Think for Thirty Minutes


2. What *NOT* to write in an Essay?
3. Provokative Essays
4. Dont get Personal (Cong.vs BJP)
5. Quoting the Famous Quotes
6. Padding with Fodder Material
7. Suggested Reading
8. Reading Books as a Hobby
9. Related articles

This is what I learned from my seniors and toppers.


There are plenty of articles on internet on how to prepare the essay (=read
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6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

editorials daily etc.) Im writing one about how to actually write it inside
the exam hall.
In the Essay paper, they give you 4-5 essays and youve to
write only one. Time limit -3 hours, Max-marks=200.
In a 2 marker question, UPSC speci cally mentions that answer it in 20 words. So with that logic, youre
expected to write an essay containing around 2000 words for the 200 marks.

Tip#1: Think for 30-45 minutes


before you start the Essay writing
Take this example.
They asked an essay on Gandhi, I start writing it. I write something like

Gandhi was born in Porbandar &


then He went to Englandafrica..come backfreedom
struggle..Gandhi-Irwin..2nd
round table.partitionetc.

After 1 hour of writing, I realize that I forgot mention about Champarans Indigo Struggle when Gandhi
got actively involved in Indian Freedom struggle for the rst time! Now I cant add it. Because there is no
space in initial pages. However I can still try to add it in the conclusion like

in 1947 Gandhi won the ght he started with Champaran

But when Examiner doesnt nd the mention of Champaran in the initial pages, then he gets an
impression you forgot it = less marks. Hence everything has to be written in its place.
Thats why you must..
Think for 30-45 minutes before you start the Essay writing
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6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

Youve 3 hours to write the essay. Dont immediately start


1st try to recall everything that you can remember / want to say about the
essay.
Take a pencil and write them all (in very brief) on the end of the answer
sheet
See if there is any chance of adding some diagram or table in it?

Do you remember any?


*Related to that topic, What are the
1. any famous quotes?
2. Current events
3. People
4. Historical events
5. Laws / Administrative polices related to it

1. Positive
2. Negative sides
3. obstacles
4. Reforms you suggest?

Once youre done adding everything


that you can think about, regarding the essay- then give those topics, order of
preference. 1.2.3.4.
The order is very important, just like in wedding
parties you start with Soupdal-roti andIce cream in the end.
The order
should be
1. Introduction
2. Background / History related
3. Main concept / theory / what the subject is about
4. Current scenario related to it.
5. Good sides
6. Negative sides / obstacles
7. Suggested reforms
8. Conclusion
everything has to be written in its place.
Gandhis Champaran must come in the beginning not in the end.
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How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

Now SOME DONTs

Tip#2:What not to write in essay


1. Autocracy is better than democracy. (know that its the democracy thats allowing you to criticize it) so
you should never justify certain solution to Indias problems.
2. Excessive criticism of Govt. / administration (I mean the frontline and The Hindus stand)
3. Seeing negative sides with out suggesting reforms in
it.

Tip#3: Provocative Essays


Sometimes the essay topics are given in such a way, that you want to agree all the way. E.g.
1. Panchayati raj is wastage of tax payers money. (yes it seems so, just like NREGA but when youre
writing an Essay you need to maintain some balance)
2. Poor people are their own enemies.
In such cases just because he gave you statement doesnt mean youve to sing in his tune throughout
the paper.DO NOT forget to show the other side of the mirror.
Its Easier to criticize a non working things than to x it. (Remember this all time during essay.)
Donot give lmy solutions to real life problems. (Munna Bhai MBBS / Slum Dog Millioner.)

Tip#4: Donot get personal


Dont go naming individual politicians their achievement / scandals (Kalmadi, Raja,Amar Singh etc.)
(except in the foreign policy related essay, where youve to analyse from entire Nehrus Panchsheel
era to Vajpayees Lahore Bus visit and current a airs.) our Foreign policy has changed with every
prime minister so their names need to be mentioned.
Never write essay talking like Congress did this and BJP did that. Its the trait of a common man, not
of a future o cer.
Give a balanced answer With out getting into hero-worship or mud slinging
If criticizing Govenrment in the essay alone was going to make you IAS o cer, then every journalist
of Aaj Tak would be an IAS o cer.
An o cers trait is to remain anonymous, faceless and neutral- meaning your essay should look
like it has been written by a graduate.
Same applies for
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How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

1. Religion / culture/ language-literature (in philosophical essays)


2. States (in polity / federalism / Development)
Im not saying you should transform into a sterile person writing the essay with out having any personal
view/ opinion or righteous anger but, you mustnt become too much passionate about certain things.
Im saying all this because you can never be sure about what will be the political / ideological / religious /
regional alignment of the examiner.
This suggestion also applies while dealing with Public Administration (optional subject).

Tip#5: Quotes
1. Dont make mistakes in writing who said what. E.g. you quote Abraham Lincons sentence and write
George Washington said it. nothing will make you look more stupid in the eyes of the examiner than
that.
2.Quote Exactly as it was said. Mao said Power ows from the barrel of a gun so you should not write
it as

barrel of the gun contains power


or
muzzle of the gun ows the power

You must quote the quote verbatim. If youre not sure then dont quote it.

Tip#6: Padding & Deviating from the subject


Even in the worst case, youre supposed to write 1200-1500 words for a 250 marks essay.
Padding means, you dont know the exact answer so you just beat around the bushes and write the
garbage stu to ll up the pages, while this tactic does work in the school and college exams but dont
try it in the essay paper.
Dont write too many proverbs / quotes/ (invented) case studies/examples per page. It makes the
examiner think that youve no input of your own so youre just lling up the pages.

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Donot pick up the subject where your idea or thought content is very low.
Ex. you picked up Do we need nuclear power So you start with how thermal power-stations

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How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

create pollution, there is huge demand and low supply of electricity, nuke power is cheap, and
then the dangers such as Japanese Tsunami etc.
After 4 pages, your thoughts and ideas are exhausted-youve nothing more to say and assuming
that you write 100 words per page, you realise that only 400 words wont get you any marks ! now
you cant scratch those pages and write a new essay on new topic, youve wasted enough time on
this one.
So you decide to continue with this nuke-power essay and start rewriting the same stu you already
stated in di erent ways and then youll deviate from the main topic- like nuke power is unsafe as we
saw in Japan
so we need to switch to renewable energy source like Sun, Wind and Water -> then 4 pages on
advantages of renewable energy as if this is an essay on the bene ts of Non-renewable energy and
not on nuke power, you write about the pro-cons of hydro-electricity like dams and displacement of
people.
Then you realise omg, displacement of people also applies while making nuke-powerplants

like in Maharashtra! so you come back to the topic -half page written but still youve not lled up
enough pages so you start talking about to land-acquisition policy and start writing the
pro-cons..another half page on it. Then you think oh i must talk something about the Indo-US

nuke deal so you go on talking about how we havent signed the CTBT and yet N.S.G gave us
clearance and China-Pakistan couldnt stop it so we are a global power now and we deserve a
permanent seat in UNSC! This kind of padding goes on until time is up.
Youve messed up the whole thing, you totally deviated from the subject. Your essay doesnt have
any ow of thoughts or proper rhythm. The seasoned examiners immediatly sni out this padding
and they dont give much marks for it, your expected score for this kind of garbage writing is less
than 50/200, means even with decent score in all other papers, your chances of getting interview
call is close to zero. Youve jeopardised your chances
of selection in IAS, youve digged your own grave. Thats why
1. take great care in picking up the subject
2. rst 30-40 minutes for thorough thinking.
3. stick to the subject
Same applies while dealing with the big 60 marker question in GS and optional papers. (not 30 minutes
of thinking but atleast 5-7 minutes!)

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Suggested Reading

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

Essay is not something that can be learned reading one book or reading for 1 month.
Its a continuous and long process takes some diverse reading before youve enough content to write
something decent and something big enough to ll 20 pages to fetch 100+ marks.
1. Editorials of english newspapers ( but dont get swayed about by either leftist
or capitalist stu preched by both sides)
2. Magazines like Frontline,
yojana, Kurukshetra. (it gives you the fodder material: statistical data to quote like how many %
illiterate and so on but again dont use too much statistical data for padding and most importantly
dont invent your own case studies and stat.data)
3. Watch English news channel discussions / debates.
4. See the old question papers and try to make an outline of each and every Essay asked so far.

Reading Books as a Hobby


To increase your idea and fodder-material for brain storming, you can read some books outside
studies, related to Indian culture, democracy and Development, just for time-pass for example
Imagining India by Nandan Nilekani

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(http://www. ipkart.com/india-2012-8123017677
/p/itmd79b4yhhxwmhp?pid=9788123017679&a d=mrunalrugm)
India After Gandhi: The History Of The Worlds Largest Democracy by Ramchandra Guha
(http://www. ipkart.com/india-after-gandhi-0330505548
/p/itmczymz5hjjjwyh?pid=9780330505543&a d=mrunalrugm)
(http://www. ipkart.com/india-2012-8123017677/p/itmd79b4yhhxwmhp?pid=9788123017679&
a d=mrunalrugm)
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(http://www. ipkart.com/india-2012-8123017677
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Me and my ruined essay



In 2009s mains attempt, I got only 20/200 marks in the Essay. It was about are we a soft state?. I wrote
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How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

it only from the foriegn policy and law-n-order point of view, without seeing the cultural -historical
contexts. It was a monotonous essay without any spark. Moral of the story: do try to see di erent angles
of the subject and give a thorough thought before you start writing.
Some veterans are in opinion that you should pick up the essay on technical subject, example spacetechnology, advances in medical science, how IT has changed lives and so on. Because only a few
people attempt them, and due to technical nature, your ideas are unlikely to be in con ict with the
examiner so youll get more marks.
But then again you need enough content to write 1500+ words else the padding route=digging your
own grave. And there are enough toppers who wrote the non-technical essay and still got in the
top-merit list so as usual for every generalisation made about UPSC, youll nd a counter example!

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Predicting Essays for 2011 Mains paper


As usual coaching classes try to anticipate which essays will be asked, and UPSC makes sure they are
not asked. So be prepared for
everything- dont just rely on selected hot-topics like Lokpal and Civil society.
In old times, it was quite predictable, see the papers from 1997 to 2006: almost every year there is
an essay on polity-judiciary, one on women
empowerment, one on Science-tech, one on democracy and governance. But nowadays UPSC is
rapidly breaking the trends.
Lets look @ the 2010 paper. People predicted: there will be some essay on games, due to CWG or
Asiad or even on corruption and good Governance given CWG and 2G scams. But there was
nothing.
Im putting the comparative list of essays asked in last two years (2009 and 2010). Make your own
judgement and prediction and prepare accordingly.

Vulnerable groups of society (India vs. Bharat Debate)


Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? (2010) (can be
classi ed as current a airs due to Mines regulation bill)
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? (2009)
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the Gates-Bu et model-a natural progression or a paradigm
shift?-2010
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the haves of our society-2009

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

International relations
Preparedness of our society for Indias global leadership role. 2010
Are we a soft state? 2009
Good Fences make good neighbors. 2009
One more bad news: in 1997 to 2006 era, UPSC gave 6 subjects and you had to write one essay, in
2009: ve options and in 2010 : only 4 options.

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So far 153 Comments posted

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REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 1 2 9 0 5 3 # R ESPO ND)

chirag patel
thanks a lot sir.

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Lavanya G
Hi sir am lavanya from Bangalore, Thank u so much for essay information
which was helped me to prepare for essay

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ANONYMOUS
Hats of thanks to you Mrunal Sir. Requesting to share few essays with me.

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 1 4 0 5 6 0 # R ESPO ND)

neeharika
sir, can u please provide me a model essay, because im new to this. so please
provide it

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akash choudhary
hey sir,i am preparing for capf can u suggest me sone essay topics..

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saikrishna
sir thanks for u are infobut everybody are telling the same but no one is
giving an sample essay how to write.sir,please provide an model essay which
could help us in digging the di culties in essay paper.

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dayanand
sir, tips on essay writing enriched my con dence level to write essay. thank
you very much sir.

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 1 4 5 0 7 3 # R ESPO ND)

JITESH VERMA
Hi ,
As you said that the essay must be properly structured. That is, there must be
a proper orderly fashion in which we frame it like, Introduction> Background /
History related>Main concept / theory / what the subject is about> Current

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http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

scenario related to it> Good sides> Negative sides / obstacles>Suggested


reforms > Conclusion.
But we also need to think in multi-dimensions right. SO we need to evaluate a
topic historically, culturally , politically, economically , and so on. That brings in
a bit of confusion and the order seems crumbling when we have to write 20
pages! Any suggestion?

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naazia
thank you sir

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shikha supriya
About eassy to give minetuly di erto each part for this I always remain thanks
to you

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Narsingh
Dear sir, any list of topics for 2014.

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amrin
thank you sir

Mehdi naqvi

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

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sir jo sbi po essay wala paper hai use kewal eng m h likhna hai.sir mai hindi
medium student huplz aap y btay k abjab june m exa. date hai tobche
hue time me tayyari kase k jay sir rst time exam d rha hu

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Shijoy Varughese
hi mrunal n fellow aspirants..ive a general doubt regarding essays..pls
clarify..for topics like say crony capitalism-a threat to democracy are we to
assume that the question is with respect to India..I am askin since in 2013
mains i attempted the essay sci n tech are the panacea for growth of the
nation..n i wrote exclusively with respect to india..is it the right thing to do or
should we write in general which would b true for any nation n not just
india..esp while givin examples to strenghten our arguements can we use say
an american example of scienti c innovation or may b british example of
democracy and crony capitalism

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Shubham
Thanx a ton sir, for the great piece of advice.
Thank u.

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Bidyut
This website only highlights the major mistakes committed in the
examination. Thanks a lot Sir,

akbaragariya

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

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how to count word in upsc mains exam or for 10 marks que how many page
(include both side) should we write plz explain clearly

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sunny srivastava
Thank you sir

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m pradeep
hi sir ,,this is pradeep..I will be wrote assistant commandant exam on 13 july
2014.i am not very well in English. comming to the essay point of view,i am
tentioned.i am t for that or not.please suggest me.how to attempt the
essay.please thanking you sir.

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nagendra
hats o Mrunal, are you a journalist ???

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waghmode ganesh vyankatrao


Your suggestion about eassy writting
Is very imp & good &also other material about upsc is very important & be
speci c.

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W R IT E.HT ML?R EPLYT OC OM= 2 3 8 9 8 4 # R ESPOND)

ashok
i used white marker in the prelims exam. is it?appicable for the
examiner . can some one clear my doubt

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rajni
sir plz give me a sample of essays and paragraphs writting for isro assistant
exam

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shraddha jain
thanks ..

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Aadi
Plz suggest if one should use sketch/highlighter while writing essay.

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 2 8 0 6 4 3 # R ESPO ND)

Amar Bharti
hello sir..
whatever information you are providing us is very useful and i am very
thankful to you.and it would be great honour for us if you provide sample of
essay.thnxx

zaira hassan

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

16 of 25

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 2 8 5 0 1 6 # R ESPO ND)

Thankss a lot. ill de nitly take aftr your suggestions i had a whale of time
reading this. once again thanks

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 2 8 5 3 2 5 # R ESPO ND)

Arun
hiii Mrunalfrom where I can nd previous years articles like awarded essays
and rest all the topics..kindly provide the link. They will really be helpful

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 2 9 2 5 9 4 # R ESPO ND)

parvez
thanku sir

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 2 9 4 0 3 0 # R ESPO ND)

Naveenaa
hai mrunal ur website is so heplful for upsc exams thank yuu

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 2 9 5 9 8 6 # R ESPO ND)

Bold Challenge
Awesome Excellent tips.

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 2 9 9 3 7 3 # R ESPO ND)

tripuresh tripathi
thanks a lot sir please keep guiding always

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

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17 of 25

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 0 7 6 7 1 # R ESPO ND)

Gauri Parashar
Hi Team Mrunal, thanks for posting such a nice article on essay writing. Can
you please answer one query of mine. Whenever I start writing essays I stuck
in the initial process only i.e. how to start the introduction and nally how to
conclude it (du er type query, I know). I am not able to frame the sentence
which look good in the introduction. I am too tensed, it would be kind of you
if you help me out.

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 0 9 2 4 2 # R ESPO ND)

pravin singh ji
good e ort by you keep it up

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 0 9 2 5 6 # R ESPO ND)

aniket
Sir can u suggest topics for essay for ib-acio exam..

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 1 9 0 3 0 # R ESPO ND)

Durai Chidambaram
Hello sir,
thanks a lot for your tips and suggestions. because i dont have any idea
about an essay writing. your tips are very useful to us. give me more tips to
this topic. thanks once again

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 1 9 0 3 1 # R ESPO ND)

Durai Chidambaram

6/25/2015 11:25 AM

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam?

http://mrunal.org/2011/09/essay-tip-for-newcomers-what-to-write.html

sir please give some topics and also mention some books to read

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 2 4 1 1 6 # R ESPO ND)

hariharan
thanks a lotpls continue with some model essays

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 2 8 0 3 6 # R ESPO ND)

Ravi Pratap
Thanks for guidance sir.

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 3 4 6 1 7 # R ESPO ND)

gustav
sir please update this page..
thank you..

REPLY (/2 0 1 1 /0 9 /ESSAY-T IP- FOR- NEW C O MERS- W HAT -T O -W RI T E.HT ML?R EPLYT O C OM= 3 3 4 7 6 8 # R ESPO ND)

VISHAL
thanks sir
i needed current issu reletated eassy

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