KINDS OF DATABASES

STRUCTURED DATABASE also called the

structured data which a record or file of
information is arranged in uniform
format.
FREE-FORM DATABASE it is a loose
collection of information like the one in
the World Wide Web. A collection of
documents in the computer made from
several programs.
TYPES OF DATABASES
Operational Database it is a dynamic
database that is used by any
organization in its day to day operation.
They are used to collect data, maintain,
modify and delete data.

Analytical Database It is a static

database, wherein data is rarely
modified. This database is often used to
store and track historical data to make
long term projections and analysis.
STRUCTURED DATABASE MODELS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Hierarchical Model
Network Model
Relational Model
Entity-Relational Model
Dimensional Model
Object-oriented Model

THINGS YOU CAN DO WITH RELATIONAL

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
( RDBMS)
1. Create a database
2. Information storage
3. Information retrieval

4. Information management
5. Information analysis
6. Print and share information
Qualities of a good database information
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Accurate
Organized
Timely
Verifiable
Accessible
Economical
Useful

Relational Database Terminologies

1. Data - it is a number or value found
and stored in a database
2. Information- it is a data that has
been processed thereby making it
relevant and meaningful to the
person viewing it.

3. Null It is used to represent a value

that is known or missing. The null
value is either zero nor blank.
4. Table it is the main structure in the
relational database composed of
attributes(fields) and domain
( records ).
5. File It is an organized collection of
data about an entity.
6. Record It refers to a specific
person, place, thing or event. It is
also known as tuple in the
relational database.
7. Field It is the smallest structure of
a data from a larger database
structure in a relational database.
8. View It is also known as a virtual
table. It is also called the virtual
table since it does not hold data on

its own; rather it gets data from the

table to which it is based.
9. Keys These are fields that serve
specific purposes within a table.
There are two types of keys namely;
Primary Key and the Foreign Key.
a. Primary Key is a field that
uniquely identifies a record in a
table
b. Foreign Key is a special field
that establishes relationship
between two tables.
10. Relationships they exist when two
or more tables have connection or
association.

Relationships- in relational database

exist when two or more tables are
connected by the following conditions:
1. Primary Key
2. Foreign Key
3. Linking table is a table that
establishes a connection between
two or more tables.
Types of Relationships
1. One-to-one relationships
2. One-to-many relationships
3. Many-to-many relationships

Designing a Database
1. Define the purpose of your
database. Consider the questions
or queries you may want to answer
about the stored data.
2. Determine the tables that you need
in the database.
3. Determine the fields that you need
in the database.
4. Identify unique field values that will
allow access to connect
information stored in a separate
table.
5. Determine the relationships
between tables. A relationship
works by matching data in the key
fields which is usually a field with
the same name in both tables;

6. Test the design by entering the

sample data. Check that you can
run a query on the database and
get the information you want.
Characteristics of a Well Designed
Database
1. Modifying data is easy.
2. Retrieving information is easy.
3. Developing and building user
application is easy.
4. Maintaining the structure is easy.
5. Adding and deleting data is easy.
Database design to avoid
1. Spreadsheet design
2. Spreadsheet view
3. Building a database design in the
database software.

MS Access Screen Elements

Term

Description

Title Bar -Shows the name of the

program and
the file menu.
Menu Bar - Displays the menu such as
File, Edit,
View, Insert, Format, Records,
Tools,
Window, Help.
Database Toolbar -displays the icons of
commands such as New, Open,
Save,
File
Search,
Print,
Print
Preview,
Spelling, Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo,
Office Links, Analyze, Code,
Script Editor,

Properties,

Relationships,

New

Object,
Autoform, Help.
Objects Bar -Contains menus to create
and
modify tables, queries, Forms,
Reports,
Pages, Macros, Modules.
Task Pane -Displays the getting started
commands,
the open files and create new
files
options.
Control Buttons -Allows you to minimize,
maximize,
restore
the
window
and close the MS Access
program.
Database Toolbar

New -creates a new database

Open -Opens an existing database
Save -Saves the current database
File Search -Allows you to search the
titles,
contents, of MS Office
files, MS Outlook
items and Web pages
Print -Prints your database directly to
the
installed Printer.
Preview -Allows you to view or look
over the
database to make adjustments
before
printing.
Spelling -checks the spelling of words
in the
whole Database
Cut
-removes data from and to
another

Location Inside the database or

to other
files.
Copy -Copies data that needs to be
placed to
Another location inside the
database or
to other file.
Paste-Places the data cut or copied to
a
specified location inside the
database or
to other files.
Undo -Displays the previous actions
made to a
Database.