Continuing Vietnamese Dr. Binh Nhu Ngo (Ngé Nhu’ Binh) Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations Harvard University TUTTLE Publishing Tokyo | Rutland, Vermont | SingaporePublished by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Lid. wwwtuttlepublishing.com Copyright © 2010 Binh Nhu Ngo Al rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, Without prior written permission from the publisher Library of Congress Catalog Number: 20109277: ISBN 978-0-8048-3975-4 Distributed by North America, Latin America & Europe Tuttle Publishing 364 Innovation Drive North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436 U.S.A. Tel: 1 (802) 773-8930 Fax: 1 (802) 773-6993 info@nuttlepublishing.com ‘wc tuttlepublishing.com Japan Tuttle Publishing Yaekari Building, 3rd Floor 5-4-12 Osaki Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141 0032 Tel: (81) 3 5437-0171 Fax: (81) 3 5437-0755 wwwstutle.co,jp Asia Pacific Berkeley Books Pte. Ltd 61 Tai Seng Avenue Singapore 534167 Tel: (68) 6280-1330 Fax: (65) 6280-6290 periplus.com. 12 First edition 1413 12 1 10 10987654321 Printed in Singapore TUTTLE PUBLISHING ® is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.CONTENTS Acknowledgments... xi Introduction .nsnnnennn xii Lesson 1: Traveling to Vietnam and in Vietnam; the Geography of Vietnam PART 1. ae ce + Dialogue I. + Dialogue 2. * Vocabulary. + Grammar & Usage Relative adverbs noi, khi C6 gi + adjective + Use of the verb nd Emphatic particle dy Khng dm and chura Verbs nghe, tréng * adjective. ‘Tat nhién and di nhién, Plural marker mhmg + question words Khoi phai. Ting Ay and tirng nay.. + Everyday Vietnamese Expressions... + Dis + Exercises. + Cultural Note PART2 + Narrative # Vocab Ularynononnn + Grammar & Usage. ‘Verb nim. Verb with preposition lam or thanh. Verb chay teelele Verb ehiém Preposition vé mat 7 Adjective ~ ordinal number + sau Adverd of degree hét site “Much + comparative adjective + than”. Adjective + hom ea... Use of khép..... Time descriptions. + Dsills + Exercises + Cultural Note Lessox 2: Housing, and Sightseeing Tour of Hane! & Salgon-Ho Chi Minh City PART I te 2» * Dialogue Lennon sereneSLNALNOO + Vocabulary... + Grammar & Usage Verb “to wash” Use of ban Verb git Use of the noun ang ... eang La linking two verb phrases Use of liga... Verbs dién ra and wiy/xiiy ra Vietnamese mit tinh and English “meeting”. eryday Vietnamese Expressions. + Drills + Exercises + Cultural Note PART 2 + Narrative * Vocabulary * Grammar & Us. Verbs bién thanh, bi Classifier Vi... Verbs di, thay and thay di Different meanings and functions of lai Verbs quyét dinh and gidi quyét Use of tong Khong chi... ma cd and khong ening ohong ma edn + Drills 7 + Exercises... + Cultural Note . . than, tro nén and tro thank, Lessov 3: Vietnam's Educational System PART 1 + Dialogue 1 + Dialogue 2 + Vocabulary + Grammar & Usage Emphatic particle ri Phrase thi chi/anh ... bio. Emphatic particle nita eo. Sentence + subject + méi + verb. Sentence + nhi Reduplicatives ehdim chm, nhé nhg Dai khéi nhu/dai khdi la. Quée gia, nha murie and nue. : bie sTas second personal pronouns + Exercises, + Cultural NotePART 2 + Narrative. + Vocabulary... + Grammar & Usage Use of the verb lén Use of the noun lop Use of the noun khoa hye... Muén ... phat... Ngoai ngir vs. tiéng... Trong muse vs. nude ngoii.. Pry thuge vio and je lip vat + Drills + Exercises + Cultural Note Lesson 4: Personal Appearance and Fashion PARTI cle + Dialogue 1 + Dialogue 2... * Vocabulary + Grammar & Usage Different meanings and functions of ma. Noun phrase ~ la + verb phrase/sentence.... Question ¢6 pha... khong? Verb dé... Emphatic particle efi Kinship tems wih ho, ngog and nt Verb tong Dirge + amount. Verb trong Use of eng. Timg, da tirmg, chwra timg Kinship terms in Northern and Southem dialects + Everyday Vietnamese Expressions. + Drills + Exercises. + Cultural Note + Grammar & Usage. Phy nit vs. dan ba, nam gigi vs. dan Ong Thye ra... Seabee Participle Clause eeu ‘Verbs cho riing, cho la Emphatic particle ma thdi Formal country name: + Drills. + Exercises + Cultural Note Chau Au ys, Au chau, phuong Tay vs. Tay phuong SLNAZLNOO© __Lesson 5: Vietnamese Music, Movies and Traditional Theater Oo PART 1 12 + Dialogue | lz 2 + Dialogue 2 ee pina seoeuenenn LB 4 + Vocabulary fai " anal enn U4 m + Grammar & Usage. ar suns vo 115 z Phrase e6 lién quan sane us Use of conditional conjunctions gi nhuw and gid ma ‘ 116 4 Use of chura chile... i 116 n To ask” in Vietnamese oe. i am 116 Verb thir and phrase ett thi xem 17 Phrase ching hn nu. 17 Particle corkia, Ee - 118 Phai n6i th§t véi ~ 2nd personal pronoun > Ia 8 Lil is Sentence + 1a tai lam sao? on Verb + ciing biét 1a 118 Hing/ning meaning eVErY nn a ry 15 6. ae Se 19 Phrase theo tdi duge biét [thi]. . aa wn 119 + Everyday Vietnamese Expressions. te - seen IS + Drills BU ae sccm 19 + Exercises in renames 124 * Cultural Note 7 125 PART 2 126 + Narrative 126 + Vocabulary a cai - -~ 128 + Grammar & Usage. a ea 130 Thurimg, thong thudng and thurdmg xuyén : pt 130 Phd bién as an adjective and as a verb... LA en 130 Chi yéu as an adjective and as an adverb. 131 Verbs thé hign, biéu hign and biéu 10. a 131 Khi [thi] and lie [thi] ae mae BI Adjectives ei, gia, and e@ dién 131 Use of dau tién and thir nhat meaning “first” 133 Construction “once every other year” in Vietnamese... sone BB * Drills BB + Exercises 136 + Cultural Note 136 Lesson 6: Sports and Martial Arts PARTI bi — al see 138 + Dialogue 1 se BB + Dialogue 2 139 + Dialogue 3. a : a 140 + Vocabulary os : 4 + Grammar & Usage 142 Cho with the meaning of 142 Sin used after a verb 12 Ver’ khong nga : : aes alg Use of thio nao Néi with the meaning “to be able to da something” sees 143, ms 143Qua + adjectiveradver’ ah Use of th€ mito durge, lim $80 Urge vcs ecnrnannn Use of tige la Verb dim... Verb chju + Everyday Vietnamese Expressions. + Drill + EXETCISES rceunnnnnn # Cultural NOt sn PART 2 + Narrative. + Vocabulary. + Grammar & Usage. Verb ding..... Cat... vis. and Preposition duéi with the meaning Verb mo. Do as a preposition and a conjunetion * Drills # EXEPCISES nn + Cultural Note Lesson 7: Economics, Foreign Investment and Banking PART 1. ae — sone LOL + Dialogue 1 161 + Dialogue 2 163 * Vocabulary . 164 + Grammar & Usage...0u 165 Noun €4M DY. soonn 165 Verbs ting and giam iia inne es 166 Adjective dang cae 166 Conjunction sed... 1d vi. 166 ‘én as a preposition meaning “of, about” 166 Conjunction dén ni Verb pip... Gip with the meaning Command + ni0.. Bat cie/bat ky + ‘question word. + Everyday Vieinamese Expressions. * Drills + Exercises * Cultural Note. PART Beinn aa 176 + Narrative 176 * Vocabulary. - 17 # Grammar & Usage. 178 Bao clo as a verb and as a noun... 19 Verb kiém diém.... 179 Verb chi dgo... 179 Verb digu hanh. 179 SLN4LNOOSLNJILNOO Verb trim Bay nnn on — 180 Verb hit tri. cass 7 - 180 Verb thiéu. : = i 180 Adverbs tré len, tr6- xudng, tré di, tr6 Igi 180 Nouns eng nghigp and nginh Ist Verbs lua ¥ den and hii ¥ dén. a 181 + Drills i - lacs 182 # Bereise Soren : ss é 185 + Cultural Note : : or - 186 Lesson 8: Vietnamese History PARTI : se 187 188 2 : : 189 * Vocabulary... 2 ee 5 191 + Grammar & Usag anus : si 192 ‘Adverb qua used after some verbs . : 192 Construction mgt khi 4a... thi... 192 Particle day : Es inane 2 Verb DB eens : - 193 Emphatic 193 ‘Thé nao? used before another question aa i 193, Particle ehét a - : soi Nhu with differen functions... oa “ 7 a 94 ‘Ngoai trdi vs. trong nha snes A Construction dit sao thi ... eding/van/edng vin... fe nny Construction ngay fed) ... con ... nita la see 19S Verbs a8 ¥ dén and dé ¥ thay . “ aie 195 Construction chi [e6] ... méi ... théi... - : 195 Construction object ~ thi + subject + ehju. = ss 195 + Everyday Vietnamese Expressions 2 : E von 196 * Drills . H srsnsennennnnee 196 + Exercises... : i 202 * Cultural NOt wines 203 PART 2a - a oo 5 204 + Narrative: 204 * Vocabulary 207 + Grammar & Usage. 208 Verb daimh... ss - sone 208 Vers dura : cae son 209 Verts ehét, mat, qua adi, tir trin, hy sinh... 209 Verbs that bat and @iinh bai ..s.on : : . 210 Verb anh hiréng - : 210 Verb mit. oe . me - eeu 210 Verb git ae 210 Verbs din dén and dua dén.. ped 2 211 Conjunction abi, : 2 Hang + trim/nghin/van/trigu.... a 2 211 Use of todin and toan bé. : 21 Dao Phat vs. Ph§t gio, dzo Thién chia vs. Thién chia gido s 212 Dil nn as : nD+ Exercises. + Cultural Note Lesson 9: Some Customs & Literature: A Short Story PART I + Dialogue | + Dialogue 2 + Vocabulary + Grammar & Usage. Verb of motion ~ location + vé Use of hai altel Construction ... dn dau ... dén diy Verbs nhgin, nhgn ra, chap son, céng nhgn, thira nhn Verb nh, Use of que. : Nouns ngay sinh and sinh nat. Adjective tron Use of tite la + Everyday Vietnamese Expressions. + Drills + Exercises. + Cultural Note PART 2 + Narrative: + Vocabulary + Grammar & Usage ‘Céng tae as a verb and as @ noun Construction khdng + question word . Use of ning and chang Verb din Use of anh chang... Classifier ké.. Nao ai meaning “no one”. Verb audi Question word sao Ii Pronoun minh. Phrase khOng hiéu sao... Idiom d& nhur bon. Phrase nim thang. : ‘Cai used in some idiomatic expressions... Ding Ié [ra] with the conditional meaning Emphatic construction object + subject + verb + Drills... + EXCICIS€5 neue + Cultural Note Leman 10; Vistamneee Povey PART 1 * Dialogue 1 + Dialogue 2. # Vocabulary ene 249 249 250 251 SLNALNOO+ Grammar & Usage Adverb truée = Phrase bao nhigu la with the meaning “how much! how many’ Phrase quai that IA with the meaning “really, uly, indeed Noun thai bu Chit before a negation Siiu and sau sc, kh6 and kno Khan, nang and ning né... Dai dign as a verb and as @ noun. = Ngay nay vs. ngiy nay, nim nay vs. nim nay. Construction bao nhiéu ».. bay nhigu ... + Everyday Vietnamese Expressions SLNALNOO + Drills + Exercises. * Cultural Note PART 2... 261 + Narrative: meer een ve 261 * Vocabulary. ea sos 262 + Grammar & Usage. . 262 Khi con bé/khi con nhé vs. khi edn tré ror toreimiictia OER ‘Verbs tip két, di cu, tan ew, so tan, di tin, vrgt bien 262 Adjective giAW/gIAU..nnne : 263 + Poem + Vocabulary... * Drills + Exercises: * Cultural Note Appendix 1: Area, Population and Population Density of the Provinces and Cities of Vietnam, ai 269 Appendix 2: Most Common Vietnamese Family Names and Given Names see ITD Bibliography 290 Vietnamese-English Glossary 291 English-Vietnamese Glossary... a i scenes 512) Grammar & Usage Index Ee 335 For an answer key to the exercises, please send a request via e-mail to: info@tuttlepublishing.comACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Michael Puett, Chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, Professor Diana Sorensen, Dean of the Arts and Humanities, and Professor Hue-Tam Ho Tai of the Department of History, Harvard University, for their enthusiastic support and encouragement on this project Tam also grateful to Ms. Sue Prairie and Ms. C. Rose Cortese of Harvard University who contributed to the editing and the English translations in some parts of the textbook, and to Ms. C, Rose Cortese and Ms. Lé Kim Lién for their contribution to the audio recordings. I wish to thank ‘Ms. Margaret Keyes, Mr. Tony Di Bartolo and Mr. Jeff Valade of the Harvard Media Production Center for their excellent production of the audio recordings. ‘My deep gratitude is expressed to Mrs. Lé Hing Van of Jardine Matheson Ltd. in Vietnam and to my friend Professor Stephen O"Harrow of the University of Hawai'i for their comments on the content of the textbook, and to my students of the intermediate Vietnamese classes at Harvard University for their comments on the narratives of the textbook as learners and users. Many thanks also to my friend Li DaCheng (4234) and to my colleagues Yan Lei (F#¥) and Gao BinNan (FYE in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations of Harvard University for their help with the Chinese characters for the Vietnamese names in Appendix 2 of the textbook; to my friend Mr. Nguyn Hoang Kim, the principal of a high school in Hanoi, for his help with the content of Lesson 3 on the educational system in Vietnam; to my friends Professor Mark Sidel of the University of lowa and Mr. Matthew Sarboraria for their consultation on a number of issues; to my friend Professor Martha Collins of Oberlin College for her English translation of the poem in Lesson 10; to Ms. Nguyén Thi Ban Thanh and Mr. Trin Thinh Phat who granted me permission to use their photos of Vietnam. My sincere appreciation is due to my friend architect Trin Quang Trung for the humorous illustrations that enhance the text.INTRODUCTION Continuing Viemamese continues the leaning begun in Elementary Vietnamese (Tuttle Publishing). It is assumed that those who use this textbook have completed Elememary Viernamese, and so the vocabulary, grammar and usage which were covered in Elementary Vietnamese are not repeated in this book. Continuing Vietnamese consists of ten lessons, each composed of two parts. Part 1, the dialogue Part, introduces the learner to conversational Vietnamese as it’s currently spoken in Hanoi so that the leamer will be able to participate in engaging conversations on a variety of topics. Part 2, the narrative part, includes written materials that are characteristic of formal Vietnamese. It aims to develop the leamer’s reading and writing skills as well as speaking skills. The lessons focus on various aspects of life of present-day Vietnam, including topies such as culture, history, geography, economy, theater, music, tourism, literature, poetry, cinema, and sports Each lesson helps build your Vietnamese proficiency using several complementary elements to thoroughly develop your skills in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Here are the features you'll find following each lesson’s dialogues, and again following its narrative: Vocabulary In this section, the new vocabulary and idiomatic expressions of each dialogue and narrative are translated into English, Grammar & Usage Focus The explanations of grammar and usage focus on the new linguistic materials introduced in the dialogues and narratives. (These items are also arranged in alphabetical order in the Grammar & Usage Index at the end of the book, for helpful reference.) Everyday Vietnamese Expressions These help you to express yourself more accurately and appropriately by using Vietnamese. jomatic Drills, Numerous and varied drills help you to review the new grammar and usa; points. * For the Pronunciation Drills you should listen to the audio and, in the pauses provided, repeat each word or phrase afier the speaker. This type of drill is designed to distinguish between words or phrases that may have similar sounds (to some degree) but convey different meanings. The words and phrases have been introduced in Elementary Vietnamese and Continuing Viemamese. You will find it most effective to first look at the written words and phrases to find out the semantic differences, and then to listen to them on the audio. + The questions in the last drill provide a summary of what has been discussed in the lesson’s dialogues and the narratives.Exercises The exercises encourage leamers to interact with each other, sharing thoughts, concems and opinions as they leam about today's Vietnam. The articles and excerpts found in this section | are drawn from Vietnamese newspapers, magazines and books, and give you an opportunity to practice reading complex authentic texts using a dictionary. | Cultural Notes A cultural note (ban cn biét) in English, found at the end of cach dialogue part and cach narrative part, provides current information about Vietnam related to the lesson’s topic; for instance, these notes offer interesting information about applying for an entry visa, the structure of the government, Vietnamese customs, the entertainment world, and more. Proverb Each lesson also ends with a Vietnamese proverb related to the lesson’s topic, Continuing Vietnamese also includes two appendices: Appendix 1 offers a list of all Viewam’s provinces and five cities directly reporting to the government, with each one’s area, population, population density and the distance from the provinces and the cities to the capital city of Hanoi. ‘Appendix 2 is a list of the most commonly used Vietnamese family names and given names, with the corresponding Chinese characters and their meanings in Chine: ‘A Vietnamese-English Glossary and an English-Vietnamese Glossary include all the words and phrases covered in the text, with the references to a particular part of a lesson where they are introduced for the first time. The Grammar & Usage Index is a convenient reference for reviewing the grammar and usage points taught throughout the book, The Audio CD 62 |As you work through the book, you will find it most effective to first read the text sections, and then listen to them. ‘The audio material offers native-speaker recordings of: 1) all the dialogues and narratives; 2) the vocabulary for the dialogues and the narratives; 3) the Grammar & Usage explanations; 4) the Everyday Vietnamese expressions; 5) the pronunciation Drills; and 6) the proverbs at the end of each lesson. Throughout the text, this symbol £ indicates the corresponding audio. The recordings ‘were conducted at the Harvard University Media Production Center. NOILONGOUYLNLESSON Traveling to Vietnam and in Vietnam; The Geography of Vietnam . Grammar & Usage Focus 1 2 Relative adverbs noi, khi. 11, Verb nim, C6 gi + adjective + dau. 12. Verbs with prepositions lm and thanh Use of the verb néi. 13, Verb chay. Emphatic particle dy. 14, Verb hi Khéng dm and chia dém. 15. Preposition v8 mat Verbs nghe, trong + adjective. 16. Adjective + ordinal number + sau m. 7, Tat nhién and di nhién. 7. Adverb of degree hét sire. 8. Plural marker nhiing + question words 18. “Much + comparative adjective + than.” dau, gi 19, Adjective + hon ca. 9. Khéi phai, 20. Use of khap. 10. Timg dy and timg nay. 21. Time descriptions, Laie em Oe @ Di thoai 1 (Dialogue 1) |i Trén may bay dién ty khai nh§p cdnh, durge khong t kh quad. Anh hoc t 6 dau thé’ h sir Vigt Nam, A: Chi oi, chj lim on cho t6i mugn cai bit dé t B: Ving, bit day, anh ding di, Anh n6i tiéng Vi A: © trutng dai hge, noi tai dang hoc nghién ciuem NOSS4H1 B: 2 wpo> @ Déi thoai 2 (Dialogue 2) |G SUED Per ere rat nhieu. ‘Toi chwa c6 dja chi & Viét Nam, phan “dja chi o Vigt Nam”, theo chj tdi nén ghi thé nao a? ‘Trung nao lim thj thye nh§p canh cho anh? Dai he Quéc gia Ha Noi. ‘Thé thi anh ghi dja chi & Vigt Nam lA Dai hoc Quéc gia Ha Cén phiin “Mye dich nh§p canh va xudt enh”, ti chua biét nén dién nhw thé C6 gi khé dau. Thé anh sang Vigt Nam dé lim gi? Toi sang Vigt Nam tham dy HGi thio qude té vé Vigt Nam hoe t6 ch hoe mt nm tai Dai hge Quéc gia HA Noi, Phin nay trong ti khai khong in vio mue dich nao, Thi anh eit dién ea hai, Néu céng an cita khdu hoi thi anh giai néi véi ti dy. Chj di du lich a Khong, t0i vira méi dy mot hi thio vé van hoe. Chie chj la nha van, phai khong? Khdng phai anh g, nhung ti cng tac tai V tudn ti, sau d6 t 6 efi hai mye dich dy, t ich cho ho nw anh vira méi Du lich Vigt Nam ‘Toi tranh tha di du lich trong m@t tuan duge nghi truée khi bude vao nam hoc méi. Toi mudn hoi y kién chi. Anh di mt minh hay i theo tour? Di theo tour ehj g. Toi chwa dim di mt minh. Anh di lign hg véi cong ty du lich no chua? Roi. Ho ¢6 nhding tour du lich tron géi, nghe hip din lim. Ma gia ca cing phai ching. Tai a& § dén ba tour dai ngiy nhw sau. Tour thir nhit li Ha Noi— Ha Long — chia Yén Tir ~ Sa Pa — Dign Bién Phi. i mgt tudn nhur thé IA vita a Long réi. yghe n6i ngwoi ta goi Hg Long li mt kj’ quan clia thé gidi, ‘ang mun dén tham vjnh HaBe ee > : Thé thi t6i chgn tour thir nhat di thim vinh Ha Long, TRAVELING TO VIETNAM AND IN VIETNAM; THE GEOGRAPHY OF VIETNAM : Ding thé. Con chita Yén Tir thi chac anh biét la noi yua Trin Nhiin Tong di tu va sing gp ra thién phéi Troe Lam chi? ‘Viing, mét vj vua cé rit nhiéu déng gép voi dan t6c Vigt Nam. Ong sing lip ra thién phai Trac Lam nim 1299, khi khéng con lim yua nia, Sa Pa ciing li mt diém du lich ngay cing thu hit nhiéu khiich dén thim. Trén ay, anh sé c6 dip tiép xic voi mdt s6 dan t9c it ngwii song & day, vi dy nhw cae din tie Hméng, Dao, tim ida phong tye efia hg. ‘Toi cing rit mudn dén tham Dign Bien Phi. Toi hiéu chir. Anh nghién ciru vé lich sir Vigt Nam ma. Thé tour thir hai di nhimng dau? Chi yéu i cae tinh mign Trung: Ha Noi - Quang Binh — Hué — Da Ning — Hi An, Ciing rat lf thu. Chae & Quang Binh, ho sé dua anh dén thm 4$ng Phong Nha, dep lim. Hué thi khdi phai gidi thigu voi anh. DA Ning va HOi An cfing thé. ‘Toi dang phan vin vi trong chwong trinh di thim nhiimg noi eé lién quan dén dng vige nghién cttu ciia toi c6 Hug, HGi An va khu di tich Mj Son eiia ngudi Chim gin Da Ning. ‘Thé thi anh phai di dai ngay hon, cht mgt tuan khong di dé vira thim Hué, vira tham Hi thim My Son n, vira Can tour thir ba di nhing du? Hanh trinh xuyén Vigt, di ede tinh mién Trung va Né mién Nam: Ha Noi — Nha Trang — Da Lat — Mi = thanh phd Hd Chi Minh — Ci Chi—Tay Ninh Mae twin ma di timg dy noi la mét kim day. Toi Kkhuyén anh nén dé himh trinh xuyén Viét vio dip nghi hé, ¢6 nhigu théi gian hon. chia Yén Tir, Sa Pa va Dign Bién Phi. Vian Hg Long ‘Long Bay rm NOSS41m NOSS41 CONTINUING VIETNAME: 44 Tir méi (Vocabulary) Déi thoai 1 sais itn 0 fill out, fill in ti’ khai form, declaration hap cdnh fo enter (a country) noi where nghién ettu sinh Ph.D. student hoe nghién ettu sinh 10 be a Ph.D. student, do one’s Ph.D. tit nhign of course, that's rue 86 higu number (of a flight) chuyén bay flight bién sé license plate chi address th] thye visa ia national Dai hoc Quéc gia Ha NOi Hanoi National University mye dich purpose €6 gi khé dau nothing difficult, that’s easy tham dy 10 attend (a conference, a meeting) hi thao conference quéc t6 international Vigt Nam hge Vietnamese studies ho quéc té ve Vigt Nam hoc International Conference on Vietnamese Studies ed hai both cong an police ita ku checkpoint at the border ich to explain dy-= tham dy to attend (a conference, meeting) cong tie fo work Déi thoai 2 si14 bude vao fo enter, start hoi y ktén 0 ask someone's advice, consult dam dare (10) do something mgt minh alone, on one’s own ign he 10 contact cong ty du Ijeh travel agency 261 pack, package du lich tron g6i package tour gid ea (collective noun) prices phai ching reasonable 48 § dén to pay attention 10, notice dai ngay long (trip) vira just vira di just enough Gi nhién la of course, Lam sure that ky quan wonder diing thé exactly itu to become a monk sing I§p to found thign zen phai school, sect vi classifier for highly respected people diém du Ijeh tourist attraction thu hit 10 attract 6ng g6p véi 10 contribute 10; contribution c6 nhiéu déng g6p véi ro make a great contribution to dan the it ngubi ethnic minority vi dy = thi dy example; for example chit yeu major, chief mostly, chiefly | Ig tha interesting dong cave khdi phai needless Khoi phai gidi thigu v6i anh needless 10 introduce to you phan vin ro be undecided [c6] lién quan dén ro be related to | Cham Champa, a kingdom (¢. 2nd-17th centuries AD) that occupied a region now part of Central Vietnam Truygn Pha Déng Thién Vuong (speaks about an unusual child who cannot talk although he is already three years old). xuyén trans- xuyén Vigt frans-Viemam timg dy noi so many places | dip occasion, opportunityTRAVELING TO VIETNAM AND IN VIETNAM; THE GEOGRAPHY OF VIETNAM Thanh dja My Som, Quing Nam Holy Land of Champa at MP Son, Quang Nam Province \. Ngir phap & cach ding tir (Grammar & Usage) [15] Noi, khi as relative adverbs The noun noi can function as a relative adverb, that means “ ‘Thanh phé noi t6i sinh ra va lon lén da thay déi rat nhiéu trong hai moi nam qua. The city where I was born and grew up has changed a lot over the last twenty years. where, in which”: The relative clause noi ti sinh ra va Ién Ién modifies the noun thanh phd ‘The conjunction khi was introduced in Lesson 10 of Elementary Vietnamese. It can function as a relative adverb with the meaning “when”: Chiing t6i lam quen véi nhau vao nim 2000, khi tdi vira moi bat du lam vige cho cong ty dy. We met in 2000, when I had just started working for that company ‘The relative clause khi tdi vita m6i bat dau lam vige cho céng ty dy modifies the noun phrase nim 2000, Note that in Vietnamese a comma is usually placed before Khi, 2. C6 gi + adjective + dau This construction negates what the adjective denotes: ¢6 gi khé dau “nothing difficult,” “that’s easy.” There is only a small number of adjectives that can be used in this construction. Some other examples are: ¢6 gi hay dau “nothing interesting,” e6 gi méi du “nothing new,” ¢6 gi la au “nothing unexpected.” Noi The verb néi conveys different meanings when taking a direct object or a preposition followed by an object. Néi with a direct object refers to one’s ability to speak a language: Co dy not gtot bén thir tiéng. She is fluent in four languages. km NOSS41kr NOSS41 CONTINUING VIETNAMESE When used without an object, néi refers to a child’s ability to talk: Chau bé da bidt néi The child can tatk now Néi v6i means “to say something to someone, to tell someone something” Anh dy néi v6i t6i chuygn may réi, He has already told me the story In order to convey the sense Vietnamese uses néi ehuygn v to speak with/to someone, to talk with/to someone, I need to talk to him, 4. Ay ‘The demonstrative dy was introduced in Lesson 2 of Elementary Viemamese. As a demonstra- tive, dy follows a noun. Ay can function as an emphatic particle and is placed at the end of a statement to refer to a particular feature of a thing or an action that has just been spoken of: Néu cng an cira khdu héi thi anh gidi thich véi ho nhw anh vira méi néi véi toi dy. If the police at the checkpoint ask you about that, you should explain to them as you have just told me. In some cases, dy is used after a question word which is the object of a verb: Chj Lan dang ban vide gi dy. Lan is busy writing something. Note that in this sentence Ay emphasizes the existence of the action and should not be mixed up with day at the end ofa question (the final particle dy was introduced in Lesson 7 of Elementary Vietnamese) and @iy used to form the indefinite pronouns and adverbs (see Lesson 15 of Elementary Viemamese). 5. Khong dim and cha dim These are used before a verb or a verb phrase with the meaning “dare not, not to dare to do Anh dy khéng dim néi gi ea. He doesn't dare say anything. Toi di theo tour, cha dém di m9t minh, Twill take a tour, Idaren't travel alone yet. Like the English “dare,” dam is chiefly used in negative statements (khéng dim and cha am), Itis rarely used in an affirmative statement to point out something important from the speaker's viewpoint: Chi dy 1a ngudi phy nor dém n6i nhimg gi ehj dy nght, She is a woman who dares to say what she thinks.TRAVELING TO VIETNAM AND IN VIETNAM; T E GEOGRAPH In Vietnamese, dim is often used in questions: ‘Anh e6 dim néi nhang gi anh nght vé Ong dy khong? Dare you say what you think about him? 6. Verbs nghe, trong + adjective Some verbs of perception like nghe or trdng can be used before an adjective: nghe hp din kim “that sounds attractive,” trong khdng dep “that doesn’t look good.” 7. Tit nhign and di nhién These words mean “of course, sure” and are used as a reply: Anh biét ding dia an com cht? —Tit nhién/di nhién, Do you know how to use chopsticks 10 eat? ~Of course/sure. They can precede IA to start a statement Tit nhién Liat nhién 1a t6i sé di voi chi. Ofcourse, I will go with you. Tit nhign and dT nhién are interchangeable in most cases. 8, Plural marker nhing + ai, du, gi These question words can follow the plural marker nhing to emphasize the number of places, people or things which the speaker refers to: nhing ai, nhimg dau, nhimng gi. They do not have exact English equivalents: ‘Thi bay chii abt vira ri anh lim ning gi? What did you do this past weekend? 9, Khoi pha The expression khai phai precedes a verb or a verb phrase to convey the sense that something is so good or so bad (and everyone is aware of it) that there is no need to talk about it: Hué thi khoi phai giéi thigu véi anh, Needless to speak about Hué (because this old city is so beautiful, so popular for tourist). Montréal mia déng lanh Lim. —Khéi phai néi. The winter in Montreal is really cold. Needless to say anything else about it (because it is obvious) 10. Tig Ay and tirng ni ‘The expressions timg dy and tig nay are used before a noun or a noun phrase to denote a certain amount of something: ‘Timg nay tién 1a dit dé mua m@t chiée xe ca. This amount of money is enough to buy a used car. Cé dy tt nghigp da tig Ay nim ma vin khong quén ngiy hop lp, nim nao cing vé dy. It's been so many years since she graduated from the school, but she never forgets about the class reunion and comes back to attend it every year. em NOSS41hm NOSS4I1 CONTINU Mét sé céch néi thug ding (Some Everyday Vietnamese Expressions) (+ Chy/Anh ... lim on cho tdi mugn ... , duge Could I borrow from you ..., please? ~Sure. Go —Vang, chi/anh... it ty nhién, ahead /Here you go. Tat nhién rdi/Di nhién rai. Of course. Sure. Of course, C6 gi khé dau, It's easy Toi mudn hi I would like to ask your advice./I would like to consult you. Toi cén dang phin van. I'm still undecided. Nit Bi Dea, Tay Ninh Ba Ben Mountain, Tay Ninh Province Drills A. Combine the following sentences into one, using the relative adverb noi or khi. Be carefull of the sequence of the clauses. Exawe: Phé Nguyén Du e6 nhiéu cfiy hoa sita, Toi & phé Nguyén Du. Ph6 Nguyén Du noi t6i 6 c6 nhiéu cay hoa sira. |. Chiing t6i 4a di thim Hué. Hué cén gidt Iai duge nhiéu cOng trinh kién trite thoi nhd “dynasty” Nguyén rat e6 gid tri, ‘Cuge hdi thao vira qua néi vé lich sir Vigt Nam thé ky 17. ‘Vigt Nam da durye mé rong dén ding bing song Ciru Long. 3. Co dy cho tai xem nhiing bite anh c6 Ay chyp trén Sa Pa. O trén dy e6 nhiéu dan tic e6 nhing. hod khie véi vin héa Vigt Nam, 10 thé ky nay, /dnh thd “tertitory” nén vi 4. Khi 6 Da Ning, ti & m9t khéch san ngay trung tm thanh phé. O day c6 nhidu cira hang cia higu ban de sin cia mién Trung.. Ho dén Ha Noi vao cudi thang giéng. Ngwii Vi TRAVELING TO VIETNAM AND IN VIETNAM; THE GEOGRAPHY OF VIETNAM ¢t Nam dang chudn bj d6n Tét. ‘Toi khéng bao git’ quén duge nhing nim thang dy. Vao tho thwdng t6 chire nhitng chuyén di xa rat vui. ian Ay, ching tdi con Ia sinh vién, Ong dy dén thim Iai thanh phé mién Trung nay. Ong Ay ai Lim vige 6 day céeh day hai moi hie dén nhing ngay thye tp 6 Bénh vign Da khoa Massachusetts. Khi dy, Hin du Kham va chia bénh cho ngudi khie nhwr mt bie st. ‘Toi nhé mién New England. 6 day c6 dit bén mia xuan, ha, thu, déng, rat dep. Chj dy ké cho ching téi nghe vé nhimg nim trung hoe cita chj fly. Vao thii gian dy dang 6 chién tranh nén cuge song rat khé khan, ‘Toi st chi cho anh méy higu thudc trong khu phé nay. O diy c6 thé c6 logi thuée anh edn mua, Miia thu 6 California lam téi nhé mia thu 6 Ha Noi. Maa thu trdi khong cdn néng nita, nhung Ging chwa Ignh. 6 ding bing séng Ciru Long nhigu ngudi khong bao gid biét dén do len. Khi hu ¢ ddy quanh nam Am ap. Lu§n én cita chj Ay nghién edu vé néng nghiép & mot sé nude Dong Nam A, Cay lia née dau tién xudt hign & day, Hing ngay 6ng fy 1 xe di lim lic sau gid’ sing. Séu gid sang mita dong trai van con tdi. Use the construction €6 gi + adjective + dau to give extended responses to the following statements. Examete: Tir nay ding khé qua! > Co gi khé dau. Cl jing nhiéu sé quen véi céch ding né. . Mén an nay toi thiy Ia kim. Bai bio anh Ay viét c6 nhigu diéu méi. ‘Thai tiét may hom nay Ia qué. Trdi dang néing bing nhién may den kéo dén rdi mua rao rat to, Cuédn tiéu thuyét hay kim, chj nén dge. . Ding chuong trinh méi nay khé qua! Use néi or néi chuyén with or without a preposition to complete the following sentences. Ong dy cn (to talk to you on this matter), Toi chua hiéu ré, (please say it again). Ba dy (spoke French and German when talking with people from Switzeland). Ho dang gign nhau, (they have not been speaking to one another for several months). (Could I talk to you for a few minutes about) chuyén di sip t6i? Khi cé fy (walked into the room everybody stopped talking). Gio sur Ngoc (is going to speak to us on his recent project). Ching tai (spoke our native language 1g mg dé so that the other people would not understand), fm NOSS4d1hm NOSS41 NAMESE 9. Chj Nhung (wants to talk to us about whom to invite to the meeting). 10. A-l6! A-16! (Could I speak to Dr. Loan, please?) | 11. Truygn Phi Déng Thién Vong (speaks about an unusual child who cannot talk although he is already three years old), 12. (She said that) chiéu nay chj ay khong dén hop duge. 13. (He only told one person) khi nao anh dy s¢ iy 14. Chiing téi khong nght ring (he is telling the truth). 15. Ba dy ra khéi phong (without saying anything to anyone). D. Use the emphatic particle dy to answer the following questions. Exawece: Chj cin quyén tir dién nao? _ (Vigt-Anh 6 trén bin) — > Quyén tir dién Vigt-Anh & trén ban dy. 1, Anh &n mén Ay & dau? (nha hang phé Hoa Ma) 2. Th vign trudmg li to8 nha nao? (bén ting mau vang) 3. Ong bie st Thang 1A ngudi nao trong anh? (nguéi thir hai tir trai sang) 4. Chj muén mua adi gidy no? (amdu naw) 5. Tol pha nét thé nao v6t ho vé chuygn may? __(nhw minh bin hém qua) 6. Thude nay uéng thé nio? __ (hur trong don) 7. Chige xe nao la xe ctia anh? (den 6 bén kia dong) 8. Mua bdo tiéng Anh & dau? (quay bao diu phé Trang Tién) 9. Bac mudn mua niii chudi nao? __ (qua to nhdt)Sewn aueune Sewrnauws TRAVELING TO VIETNAM AND IN VIETNAM; THE GEOGRAPHY OF VIETNAM Chj Lan la ai, toi quén roi? (ngudi tun trwée dén néi chuyé vé Hud) Use dam, khng dim or chua dim to translate the following sentences. I didn’t dare to tell him what had happened, She daren’t walk to downtown alone at night. Did you dare to criticize his paper? . He is a person who dares to tell the truth, although some people do not like it, . She got angry, so nobody dared to say anything, How dared you open my letters? was so scared and didn’t dare to open the door. He does not dare to drive in this city. . Dare you swim across this river? . I didn’t dare to borrow such a big amount of money. Give extended answers to the following questions, starting with tét nhién Ia or di nhién la Exawece: Anh di véi téi dén diy chi? —> Tt nhién/ai nhién Ia t6i sé di véi chj. TOI Khong mudn dé chj minh, dén diy mot Chj An thir mén Ay rdi chit? Anh dura chéu di khiim bie st chu Anh c6 biét chy Bén Thanh di dwéng nao khong? . Chj khong ding ¥ voi t6i a? Anh c6 biét cach di 1d F ra do C khong? ). Chj c6 biét tai sao & day dong ngwdi thé khong? . Sing nay anh e6 xem diy bio thir - Chi c6 quen ba t trén ti vi khong? su sip dn trudmg minh gidng khéng? C§u c6 biét tin c6 dy méi ldy chong khong? |. Cae anh cae chi 4 di thm Sapa chua? Complete the following short dialogues using nhiing ai, nhing dau, nhing gi Exanoe ? Lam nhieu vige kim: —> Thi bay chi: nbat vira rdi anh Lim nhing gi? Lam nhigu vige Lim: lam bai tp vé nha nay, di chg nay, tap thé thao nay. nhigu nguwisi Kim: m NOSSJ1em NOSS41 CONTINUING VIETNAMESE Toi di thm duye kha nhieu noi: ‘Minh xem durge may bio ting 6 day: Ching t0i Jam quen durge v6i m@t sé nha van va nha tho ndi tiéng: Trong chuyén di vira rdi minh biét thém duge nhidu: Conplene the soilevning.senrences, using many or etnig fy Chic chy dy n6t tiéng NhGe gidi tim, (she lived in Japan for so many years). (I need just this amount of time) dé lam xong vige nay. Ching t (You need to visit just these places) dé biét vé mién Trung Vigt Nam. (This amount of fish sauce is enough for the soup), dig cho nhitu qua. (We should have this amount of money) é di du Ijeh xuyén Vigt. MBi lép ngoai ngit (should have only this number of students), (This amount of clothes is sufficient for your trip to) ding bing song Cu Long trong mgt tun, Trong cuge hop t6i mai, (we need just this amount of time to discuss that extracurricular activity), nhau rat r6, (we have been working together for so many years). |. Anh phai cé (this number of years to write your Ph.D. dissertation), SAA eee First read the words and phrases below. Then listen to the speaker on the audio track and repeat the words and phrases. Pay close attention to 1) two- (or more) syllable words, whose syllables should be spoken together, 2) the pronunciation of the words that have similar sounds but differ in meaning and usage. - nh§p ednh, nhp khiu, thi thye nh§p canh, ty khai nhgp eanh xudt canh, xudt khdu, cira khdu, cong an cia khiu chuyén bay, chuyén may bay tham dy, tham dy hi thio, tham gi hoi thio tham quan di tich lich siz, thm di tich Ijeh sir, thim ban, vé thim nha ign quan, cé lién quan dén cong vige nghién ci, lién doanh, cng ty lin doanh thanh lip cdng ty, thanh lp truvmg dai hoe, sing Ip thién phai Trae Lam churong trinh, chong trinh hge, hanh trinh, hinh trinh xuyén VigtTRAVELING TO VIETNAM AND IN VIETNAM; THE GEOGRAPHY OF VIETNAM J. Based on the content of the dialogues, answer the following questions. To khai nhgp enh 1a gi? ‘To khai nhgp canh cé nhing phan nao? Du lich tron géi la gi? Chia Yén Tar 6 div? ‘Vua Tran Nhan Téng la ai? . Ti Ban biét gi vé Diga Bign Phit? # Exercises 1. Prepare with a partner a plan to travel to different parts of in front of your class. sao ngurbi ta goi vinh Hg Long la mt ky quan eiia thé gidi? . Hoi An va khu di tich Mf Son 6 dau? Ban hay chi trén ban dé “map” hai noi Ay. ietnam, then perform the dialogue 2. Fill out the below Arrival & Departure Declaration in Vietnamese. CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIETNAM ‘THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM @ @ TO KHAINHAP CANH - XUAT CANH ARRIVAL - DEPARTURE DECLARATION (CHAO MUNG QUI KHACH DEN VIETNAM WELCOME TO VIET NAM XIN QUI KHACHLUUY! © Cn ghi ddy ai cic thong tin vao cdc 0 pho hap wen efe wang 2,3. 4,5; * Sitdung bat mau den hoe xanh, ATTENTION: ‘= Please complete the information in appropriate boxes on page 23. 4,5: ‘+ Please print in black or green ink. o ac 0780430 bo (hoo ding hs hig, dng oho in hos) Hoan faPappeatasessse H BLeE se) 0 Name NRE 8h Noni a [Nat sth? Place of Bk ‘Sn chu / Passport Number: Ri to [Nghé nghiép / Occupation: Spb ebanib eanen aati oa, Dia cil Viet Nam Address VietNam Ho tdn nam sinh cba td em & cng hehe Nsenanuybintly mh seSoctng Mc ° em NOSS41CONTINUING VIETNAMESE km NOSS41 Myc dich Nhip ah Xultcinh/ Purpose of Entry - Exit inh douns Déuw/Busness Laoag Enpooment Woinghi/ Conference ‘Thimihin hin Family vit Bae / Journalism Delich Tours Hoctip/Sudy Mae ich ake / hers 6 atu nites, ho, kas eh, eu enfy, Baba 260, ving a hay hong? /Do you have any of te following symotoms: ever cough ‘hapa. charhen nauseous feline and jaundice? carte tte ‘gui thy cen Signature of declarant Xie nha walt hip clon Xée min Hai gaan (Cerietion by Immigration) (Cenificean by Customs) @ ac 0780490 Ho 0 en: theo dng hp hi, dng chin hoa Fail name: {ax ppeats @ passport. Bock Keters) GS em NE uth tonal: SS hie dr at Sve ane $8 neu ctuvdn nayten aurign sd se SRE eat ase a CEhaaR ete hen me hande 8y % Dodou hae any unaccompanied bono? Bg Hea Sceee SOTERA nie ae BE ceigh ms tang damgy Dosesbrng arr BE loronerfotge corte equa ae? ‘og gw Hang tio we 1 i eg vite Nos Bosecrnn ner NO Boo? ‘Eng gr Food onbene Mang fone wen 30o ou rane 30 rom SroMs DIC LA 5 Téee wong on ns EE Wing ha Tom ship Thi nate Toe ali 74 apt. Beatin’ one inert, DANH CHO KHAL BAO ing ha phi np tha Datiale goods Nay shag. im Day month ior gui kha ey tm Signature of declarant Xie ohde sufi aipolan (Cenipeation Imration) Xie aha Hii quan (Ceriicaionby Customs) o THONG TIN VE HAI QUAN [LaNgubi nb cdnh due mim thud kong qu 15 tt vu tren 2206 va 2 Ikra dd 22 6): 400 di thus 14: 100d:€ 3500 gram thud I 9, Cie vit pdm khdc duge mang theo Khi ahd cénh uge mie thus tid Khdag wack qué $tneU Gag. VietNam, -Neubinhipcénhmangtheohian f wastmeequi inh ‘edu tn thi phdi Khai bfo vho e Khai ky ie HQ/2002.PMD vi np hu€ theo lubed 2. Nawbi_ ust nh, ship cinh king cé hang héa phi haibohdiquantai ang 4. 5(Danhcho hai béehii (quan) hikhong pi kha. ‘CUSTOMS INFORMATION Passengers are given duty free allowance for not ‘more than I$ itersof iguor wth above 22 degrees of ‘concentration of alcohol and liters of iquor below 22 ‘degrees: 400 cigarettes; 100 cigars: 500 gram of raw teas. Other items which are allowed in accompanying baggage sre duty free with value not over VND 5,000,000. «Passengers bringing goods exceeding the amount as abovestatedarerequredtofillin the declaration form oHQ?2002 PMD and pay dyes) acoding to 2 Passengers whose goods are not subject 1 customs Thanh phé New York va thanh phé Albany, thanh phé nao ln hon? New York lén hon Albany nhiéu. . Mita & Hi Ni néng hom hay 6 Di Ning néng hon? (Da Ning) ‘Séng Hing va sng Mé Cong, con sng nao dai hon? (Mé Cong) ‘Ha N@i va Hué, thanh phé nao co hon? (Ha Noi) Song Hang va song Ciru Long, con song nao hay gay ra lyt hon? (song Hong) ‘Chg Dong Xuan va chy Hm & Ha Ngi, ch nao Ién hon? (chg Déng Xuan) Use khip, suét and quanh nim to translate the following sentences into Vietnamese. . These days Vietnamese people are celebrating the 1000th anniversary of the foundation of ‘Thang Long everywhere all over the country. The climate in Ba Lat is cool all the year round. . This market is open round the clock. . [have looked for the key everywhere, but I can’t find it . In the Mekong River delta, you can eat fresh fruit all year round At this international airport, it is noisy round the clock. People are talking about the accident all over the town. In Sai Gon, you can wear short-sleeved sl 24°C, His clothes are lying everywhere in his room, Let’s go to the pharmacy at the intersection of Lé Loi and Nguyén Hué Streets. It should be open round the clock. s all year round. The temperatures never fall below m NOSS41ke NOSSJ1 CONTINUING NAMESE F, First read the words and phrases below. Then listen to the speaker on the audio track and repeat the words and phrases. Pay close attention to 1) two- (or more) syllable words, whose syllables should be spoken together; 2) the pronunciation of the words that have similar sounds but differ in meaning and usage. dong bing, ding bang s6ng Ciru Long, mién dong, mién dong bie song Hong he théng, he thng durong giao thong . thi 6, thi dd Ha Ngi, kinh 6, doi kinh 46 vio Hué . by bién, bir bién cao, bé bién thip va phiing, bai bién, bai bién eat tring . que 19, quéc 19 1A, quéc té, sin bay quée té, quéc hoi, hop quée hdi weep G. Based on the content of the narrative, answer the following questions, . Vigt Nam c6 vj tri dja ly nhu thé nao? . Dign tich va dan sé cia Vigt Nam la bao nhiéu? . Mién Bic cé nhing day nui chinh nio? Dinh niti nao cao nhat & Vigt Nam? Cao bao nhigu? Ban biét gi vé ndi va eao nguyén mién Trung? Déng bing Bac b@ do phit sa nhing con song nao to nén? Ban hay tim trén ban dé cae tinh nim trong déng bing séng Hang. 6. Vi sao e6 thé néi dng bing séng Hang cé tim quan trong hét stte to lon? 7. Ding bing séng Ciru Long c6 tim quan trong nhu thé nio? 8, Mién Bic e6 nhimng con séng I6n nao? Hay tim trén bin dé nhang con song dy. 9, Mién Nam e6 nhing con séng lén ndo? Hay tim trén ban dd nhiing con séng Ay 10. Vigt Nam nim trén bién nao? Cé nhiing vj 11. Bién e6 tim quan trong nhur thé nto? 2. Giao théng van tai bao gdm nhing nganh “branch, field, section” nao? 13. Vi sao duéng sit tp trung 6 mién Bic? 14, Hay tim trén ban dé nhimng eaing bién quan trong 6 Vi 15. Vigt Nam e6 nhimg di tich lich sit nio? Hay tim trén bin a8 nhimng di tich Ijch sit dy. gt Nam 6 nhimng thanh phé nghi mat nado? Hay tim trén bin dB nhimg thanh phd dy. A Lat tirtrén nil Langbiang nhin subg a Lat view from Langbiang MountainTRAVELING TO VIETNAM AND IN VIETNAM; THE GEOGRAPHY OF VIETNAM AS. Exercises 1. Write an essay about the geography of your country. 2. Use the dictionary to read the following announcement taken from a Vietnamese newspaper. Here is the meaning of the acronym used in the announcement. MND ‘hig minh nhan din (ID issued by the government) NGOI CHO CON HON BEN TRE Bao chi d8 €&ng ntiéu vé tinh rang anh khaich dB née oud) do iS chuyén bayviketxetrén dutingrasén bay Chidu thugng a, nhibu nang may bay a8 ina ng doi lalthd gian kha 6 lamthidtu len may bay. Tuy nhién, 6 chi rhang lrutnghgpngoaliéniémho. Conia, nba n&trintng hanh kaon #8 chuyén huéng dusecac hang may bay wu tin sip xD {9 bay vao chuyén bay kétibp. Onda nuée,tixétaiebthslgnlactrvctioo gin aiciénnangnang knoegsanday bing ibn thoal 68 théng bao dang cd han nach va.cé ke nang dn. ng tn «8 nghi hang hang kdng chd nah kno ny the tthe gan, Nhung & VN Chua oé dudng day nénig ny, vl vy ce hann eich andi ty.oduminn bing céon inean bay (ghitrénv) 90 phittrude gd may bay cét ch. (Véicéc chuyén bay aqubeé, hari knach nén aén sém non vi thai gian lim th tuc bay qué té huéng ci non so veithal cian bay aus nai) CO VE, VAN CO THE KHONG augC Bay NEU, Hang hang khong hodn tan ett ced chuyén ché nu ban mang thea vé may bay (ma s6 dt ohdxde nhén at ché,noacvedientt-xtcnnén han nn) va hanh ly ma quén mang theo 1 09g loai gy 18 rw CMIND, hé chi, Dang lal 3, 8 nna bao, mé da! bid coe Ta Quéchdi.. Névbay quécté, keh cba ph kiém axem nude rin aén c6 ys cehuth thu np edn (visa) hey ken, \ainannkheh binhtrueng, seule thi tue 8 qudy, 98 dae cdp 8 len may bay (Boarcing Pass} va ducc hung ain quail anninn kidman cubic nivoknuse eidn may bay. Ring vt hung mang thai méi hang hang lnéng 88 c6 nhing yéu chu Kinde nnau. Réng thal pny th 28-35 tudn ngoai kj vao bién bin ny obn cn thém oidy xc nnn si kate labées! Néucd cae yeucduknac huchndicnayéabing eign, mang theo vantichotemhotoyéuchusubtin dic bit, ban cdn pha ning bo tude cho hang hing kndng hn ma v8 HANH LY -GIOI HAN BAO NHIEU KG? Ty theo auy Sh oa ting hang hing eng vt fa vé may ay ma mii haan oh con ng i nan 12030 ig Rrgwé hannlycéngining phd ng thet (can Dang to toan 86) warh trubng hep cdc thing hr iy ron, NSU King, ob i lung ch we ‘anggéinenni/ésinbay Osnbeyrorg natch Yn dupe ph nb hi hari kebab ny Tay nin his sin bay nase ngoalknéng patty vrai phan tre aly ding nan ofa minh 68 ren Unhtrang tig: vo. rong nguet than y, cbt dehy (ica kg vate ba ‘ri ye ang yin may bay Buby dam hohe kndonknting osha at vA DUNG QUEN Ki 8 ry bay, mo Hanh Knch chnchogeéchutng clin antean ciatép dn hang king trudo Kn may Bay ot carh. Vi che ondn king ed ay anton nto duce dim béo 100% vi nhong hhugng dn oy mé cuge nm ky s€ GUD ban rat nidu ndu rn 66 su 06. Cn tt ntnoaltrudckh vaoméy bay vachimg Gn thoal kh ban dara kn my bay em NOSS41m NOSS41 CONTINUING VIETNAM Ban cAn biét (Cultural Note) Vietnam consists of fifty-seven provinces (tinh) and five cities directly reporting to the Vietnamese government (thanh phé trge thuge Trung wong), which are Ha Ngi, Hai Phang, Da Ning, Thanh phé Hé Chi Minh and Cin Tho. A tinh is divided into huyén, a huyén is divided into x8, and a x8 is divided into thon. The center of a tinh is called thanh phé, if it is a large city, or thj xd, if it is a small town. A thanh phé is divided into qugn (in the urban areas) and huy@n (in the rural areas). A qugn is divided into phung, a huyén is divided into x, and a xf is divided into thon. In Vietnam, the head of the state is called ehd tjch nurée, the head of the government is thi tuéng, and the head of the national assembly is chit tich quée hi. The government is composed of bd (ministries), whose heads are b9 tring. The head of the Communist Party (Dang Céng san) is Téng Bi thu (general secretary). Tuc ngit (Proverb) [© 1-12 Di mot ngiy Ging, hoe m9t sing Khon, He that travels far knows much. “Trung tm than phd Long Xuyin Downtown Long Xuyén in the Mekong DetaLESSON Housing, and a Sightseeing Tour of Hanoi & Saigon—Ho Chi Minh City “\ Grammar & Usage Focus Verb “to wash.” Use of ban, Verb git. Use of the noun tid, Cang ... cing La linking two verb phrases. Use of ligu. Verbs dign ra and xay ra Vietnamese mit tinh and English “meetin; ul 12, 13. 14, Is, 16, @ Di thoai 1/024 Verbs bién thanh, bién ... and tré thanh, Classifier vi Verbs déi, thay and thay dai. Different meanings and functions of Iai. Verbs quyét djnh and giai quyét. Use of tong. Khéng chi khong chi thank, tro nén mi ea... and khng nhing/ ma con... Thué phong A: Chao bie. B: Chao anh, A: Téi qua chau goi dign cho bic, bée hen chau hom nay dén xem cin phong chéu muén thué,NoSss41 N NTINUING VIETNAMESE Toi nhé chit. Moi anh vao trong nay. Diy, can phong gia dinh ti Toi da Ké sin giving, ti, bin lam vige cho anh réi Tét quat Lai c6 ed digu hod nia. Thé budng tim va phong vé sinh 6 diiu 9? O ngay ngoai hanh lang nay, rt tign, Moi anh ra day xem. Vang, chau thay ri, Nha ta e6 may gigt khOng, bic? C6, nhung dang bj héng, t6i méi goi thy dén xem, hg néi khé chit |. Chie chiing ti s@ mua cai khac, Tam thdi, anh cé thé thué ngwdi git quan 40 cho anh, hoge dem ra higu gidt & phd Pham Ngai Lao gan day. Higu Ay giat khé c6 tiéng kim, Anh c6 djnh nau an & day khéng? Toi sé danh ché trong ti lanh cho anh, cho anh mugn ndi nigu xoong chao. Thua bic, chic chéu bn hoe, khong c6 thi gir du 9. Budi trua chau An 6 tring hay an com bui & ngoai phé ciing duge réi. Néu bac cho chau din bira sang va bita t6i véi ca nha thi tot qua. Chau sé giti tién An cho bic ngay tir dau thang, cing véi tién nha, ‘Thé cng hay. A, ma hom qua anh ndi v6i ti qua dign thoai anh sang day nghién cru ve lich sit Vigt Nam thi ph Vang, ding dy ‘Thé thi anh tha hd ma néi chuygn véi dng nha tdi. Ong Ay thich néi chuyén ngay xwa Lim, ‘Vang, chau cling sé rdt vui duge ni chuyén véi bac trai, hge hoi duge nhiéu, Tha bac, thé tidn nha mdi thang Ia bao nhigu 9? Hai trigu dng Vigt Nam, tie la khoaing 115 d6-la, M thé mt ti, nhumg ban anh la chau toi ly ré hon, Ké ra thi nhw thé van edn hoi dit, nhung bie da bét cho chau rdi thi chéu cam on bac. Thé con tién bita sang va bita t6i la bao nhiéu mai than; Khodn dy thi phat dé t cho anh biét sau. Bao gid anh djnh dgn dén? ing sém cing tét, bie a. ‘Thé thi ngay mai anh cé thé don dén dugc rdi. O ngay trung tam thanh phé nay, di dau caing tign, Hon nita, anh Iai nghién ettu vé lich st, di may bude 1d dén Bao tang Lich sir, Bao tang Céch mang, Bi thém m@t quing nia la dén ki phd cd. Chie chin 1A chau sé thudng xuyén dén thim nhimg noi Ay. Bay giv chau xin phép bac. Hen ngay mai gp lai bac. Anh vé nhé, jinh danh rigng cho anh day. git chung & Ha Ndi hign gid cao hon thigu anh dén day, anh Iai con dang di tinh ri Bin trong mgt ngdl nha ku phd cd Inside a house in the old quater@ Déi thoai 219 A HOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY Tham quan Ha N6i Duge mot ngudi higu biét vé Ha Noi nhw chj dua di tham quan thnh phé thi cin gi tuyét bing. Hom nay minh sé di nhimg dau, chi? Minh sé bat du tir day 14 trung tim thinh phd. Sau d6, t6i sé dwa anh qua khu phé c4, réi minh ra mét vai noi truée day 1a ngoai thanh, bay gig tré thanh ndi thanh rdi. Ligu c6 dii thai gian khong? Hom nay t6i ¢6 ging giéi thigu véi anh nhiing nét co ban nhét vé Ha N6i. Sau nay, néu 66 dip minh sé tim hiéu thém vé timg khu mt. Chic anh biét day la Nha hat Lon? ‘Durong nhién rdi. Téi 44 c6 dip sang Php. Tréng Nha hit Lén Ha N6i khé gidng Nha ht Opéra & Paris ‘Tat nhién, vi Nha hat Lon Ha N@i do céc kién trac su ngudi Phdp thiét ké vao dau thé ky 20. ‘Noi day da dién ra nhieu sy kign quan trong, trong d6 cé mOt cuge mit tinh 1én vao ngay gianh chinh quyén 19 thang 8 nim 1945. Tai sao ngudi ta Igi cho xdy dyng nhiing tod nha qué cao gan diy, lam hong canh quan ciia khu vye nay? Anh néi ding day, bay gi ngwdi ta méi nh§n ra ring gia mOt thanh phd cé nhu Ha NGi khéng nén xay nha qué cao. Minh dang di trén phd Trang Tién, rdi tiép dén la Hang Khay, ‘Trang Thi, cing do ngwoi Php xAy dung tir diu thé ky true. Ha NOi c6 m9t cai hd nim ngay gita trung tam, canh that dep. Lai Nhung phia ding kia cé m@t toa nha gi ma cao ghé thé? Day cing 1a mot tod nha chge trdi nim ngay gitta thinh phd. Tod nha nay duge xy dyng noi ngay xa IA nha tit cia thye din Phép. Ngubi ta phé nha ta dl, chi git-Igl edi cdng thoi, dé ghi nhé nhirng gi da xy ra 6 d6. Bay gid minh sang dén khu phé c6 rdi day. ‘Vang, trong la nhin ra ngay. Nha cita 6 day xéy lién nhau, dong phé eding nhé hon ni ‘v6i khu phd minh vira di qua. Sao @ day phin 16n tén phé Igi bit diu bing chit hang thé hi mét di tich Ijeh sir nita, NO NOSS41NOSS41 i) CONTINUING VIETNAMESE Vi ngiy xua mdi phé chuyén ban mot m§t hang nao 46, ching han niu Hang Gidy ngay xwa bin gify, Hang Duong ban duimg, Hang Muéi bin mudi. Ving, téi cé nghe cu Ha Ni bam séu phé phwong, Hang Gidy, Hang Duong, Hang Mudi tring tinh, Anh biét ed edu dy thi gidi qué 1a ctta va dwing phé trong khu phé gan chy Dong Xuiin nay con ch§t hep hon cd may phd minh vira méi di qua. Di b9 dgo quanh phé cé thich thé. Nhung anh phai nhé mang theo biin dd kéo Ige. Anh di dén khu Ba Dinh chwa? Khe véi khu phé cé nay. Duong phé 6 46 rdng va dai, nha phan lén 1a bigt thy, dep kim, do nguwéi Phap xy dyng vao nira dau thé ky 20. ‘Hom nay minh cé kip dén dy khong chi? Khéng kip Gu. Téi chi kip dura anh ra khu méi mé rng cia HA thdi, sau 46 minh chia tay. Téi nghe néi sau khi hop nhdt v6i tinh Ha Tay va mét huygn cia tinh Vinh Phic, HA gid Ién lim, phai khéng chj? Dang thé. Sau khi hyp nhit vao nga hon ba nghin cay sé vudng véi dan huygn, ming I thang 8 nam 2008, hign gidy Ha Noi e6 dign tich hon sau trigu ngwoi, c6 29 don vj hanh chinh cp quan, Phd cb Ha NOL Old Quatter in Ha NGHOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY oS Tir moi Déi thoai 1 4 23 thué fo rent, hire Ign to arrange for someone to do something; ‘appointment ein classifier for houses, rooms danh to set aside, put aside, reserve danh rigng cho 10 reserve for ké to set up, put (furniture) sin 10 have ready giurimg bed tii chest of drawers, dresser ban lam vige desk diéu hoa air conditioner hanb tang halfway aha ta your family gilt fo wash clothes mi gift washing machine thg workman, worker tam thai femporary gilt khé dry clean 6 tiéng 10 have a good reputation nau ain fo cook tii Ignh refrigerator abi por nigu terracotta pot xoong sauce pant chao frying pan ndi nigu xoong chao (collective noun) kitchen utensils com bui fast food ed nha the entire family git tidn 10 pay tién nha rent tha hd [mal 10 act as one pleases ‘ng nha toi my husband ngay xwa of old: in the old days 1néi chuygn ngay xura fo talk about history baie trai your husband hye hai fo learn ite level ite gia rate m§t ti= mot it a litle bit liy ré hon fo charge less ké ra thi well, actually; 10 be frank khoan amount don dén fo move in ceding... cing ws. the the cdng sém eang tot she sooner the berter burée step di my bude 1a dén... a stone's throw away from quing distance, a portion of the road i mot quang ntfa 1 adn ... 10 go a little bit farther and you will arrive | Khu phé e6 the old quarter in Hanoi chae chin la certainly thuimg xuy@n often, frequently, regularly xin phép 10 leave (polite) (literally: to ask permission) Bay git chau xin phép baie J have to (say goodbye to you and) leave now Hen ngay mai gp Iai bie See you tomorrow Anh vé nhé Goodbye ‘Mot ku ph trén HB Ty 6 HANOI A residential area on Lake West in i N@i NOSS41 NONTINUING VIETNAMESE NOSS31 Nh Déi thogi2 6p 2-4 hiéu biét ro be knowledgeable tuy@t excellent con gi tuyét biing that's excellent ngogi thin suburb, outskirts ni thinh urban area of a city ligu do you think nét feature eo bin main, most important sau nay in the (near) future €6 dip 10 have a chance, have an opportunity im hiéu fo learn about wong nhign [rdi] of course kién tre sur architect Bt ké 10 design sw kign event mit tinh rally gitinh to seize chinh quyén power lam hong to break, damage, destroy anh quan view Anh néi ding dy You've right ra 10 notice, recognize tiép 10 continue ri tiép dén and after that Tay France; French edmh view, scene that really (adverb of degree) ghé terrible; terribly (adverb of degree) nha chge trdi highrise, skyscraper nba ti prison thye dan colonialist pha to pull down, tear down cing gate ghi nhé fo remember, retain in the mind mha eita (collective noun) houses lidn nhau next to one another, adjacent 10 one another phan lén most part of ching han nhw for example bm (informal) = ba muoi triing tinh extremely white hep narrow i dgo to walk around quanh around lac 10 be lost bige thy villa mé rng fo expand Khai nigm concept €6 khai nigm 10 have an idea chia tay 10 part, say goodbye to each other hop nbitt to merge don vj unit, entity hanh chink administration; administrative cfip level, rank udm hoa trung tam Ha NOH A park inthe French quarter, downtown Ha giHOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY Ngir phap & cach ding tir| 25) 1, “To wash” in Vietnamese The English verb to wash corresponds to different verbs in Vietnamese, depending on the object the verb takes. When you wash your clothes, you use gift: gijt quin ao, may git. When you NOSS41 wash your hands, feet or legs, rita should be used: rita tay, rita chin. Rita is used for food and kitchen utensils as well: rita rau, rita hoa qua, rita bit. When you wash your hair, you say gOi dau (literally: to wash one’s head), not rirrtée- or -goitée-. NO 2. Ban The verb bn precedes another verb or a verb phrase: Minh dang bn lam bai tip vé nha. I'm busy doing homework. Chi dy ban viét lugn an tir gin mOt nim nay. She has been busy writing her dissertation for almost a year. 3. Gti In conversational Vietnamese, the verb giti as a polite word may convey the sense of “to pay”: ‘Anh cho t6i git nim trim nghin dng t6i vay cia anh tuin trude. Let me pay you back five hundred thousand dong I borrowed from you last week 4. Tién ‘The noun tién is placed before a verb or a noun to denote the fee, the tuition, the rent or the payment for something, whereas English uses different words for those different terms. Examples are: tién in “the payment for meals,” tién nha “rent,” tién hge “tuition,” tién long “salary,” tién bira sing “the payment for breakfast(s).” tién bira tdi “the payment for dinner(s),” tién thudng “award.” 5. Cing ... edng ... This construction is used before two adjectives or adverbs to indicate that the increase or decrease in amount or degree of something affects the increase or decrease in amount or degree of something else. It is similar to the English the... the Cang sém cang tat. The sooner the better ‘Cang nghi dén chuygn nay, chj dy cng budn. The more she thought about it, the more upset she became. 6.La The verb la links two verb phrases to convey the sense that it takes only a small amount of time to do something, or that a person needs only to do something easy to have a result: i mdy phat ta an it takes just a few minutes to walk, and you will be there i thém mt quang nia 1a dén ‘you will walk just a short distance and you will be thereCONTINUING VIETNAMESE trong la nhgn ra ngay Just look at it/a person, and you will recognize it/the person Ligu The word ligu is placed at the beginning of a question to express the speaker's uncertainty about something: Ligu c6 da thoi gian khong? Will we have enough time (to do so many things)? NOSS41 NO Ligu chj dy e6 ding ¢ khong? I'm not sure whether she will agree with us 8. Dién ra and xdy/xay ra Dign ra, meaning “to take place,” is used for events which are planned in advance. Xy ra/xiy ra in the sense of “to happen” is used chiefly for something unpleasant or dangerous which happens unexpectedly. Both dign ra and xay ra usually come before the subject: ‘Thang 12 ndm ngodi, tai Ha NOi da din ra cuge Hi thdo quéc té vé Viét Nam hoe. The International Conference on Vietnamese Studies took place in Hanoi last December. Hom qua 6 nga tw nay xiy ra tai ngn 6 t0. A car accident occurred at this intersection yesterday 9. Vietnamese mit tinh and English “meeting” The noun mit tinh came into Vietnamese from English via French. Its meaning in Vietamese, however, differs from the English meeting. In Vietnamese, mit tinh means “rally”: Thanh phé t6 chire mit tinh chao mimg ngiy Quée khiinh miing 2 thang 9. A rally commemorating the Independence Day (literally: the national holiday on the 2nd of September) was organized by the city’s government. ‘The English noun meeting is (eu§ec/budi) hop in Vietnamese. Mt s6 cach néi thong ding © 2-6 Chao bac/chi/anh Hello, (formal) Di diu thé/ddy? Di lgi diing nay e6 ti vige. Hi, -Hi. (literally: I’m going to that place to do something.) (informal) Hi. -Hi. (informal) Di dau thé niy? -DiIgi ding nay Khoé chi in thug thoi. What's up? ~Nothing much. (colloquial) Chao béclehi/anh .. Goodbye. (formal) Xin phép bie/chi/anh ..., chaw/téi ve. Goodbye. Goodbye. (formal) Bye. ~Bye. (informal) See you tomorrow MOi chi/anh ... vio trong nay. Please come on in. Thé thi anh tha hd ma (di du lich, néi chuygn Jn shat case, you will really enjoy (traveling, lich sit v6i Ong dy, ...) talking with him about history, ..) ‘Thé thi con gi bing! That would be ideal!HOUSING, AND A SIGHT: ING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY [=] Drills A. Fill in the blanks with the verbs gigt, rita or g9i dau. 1. Bée si khuyén nén tay bing xd phong “soap” thudmg xuyén, NOSS41 2, Méi tuan chj quan so may Hin? N gid mudn réi, ti chi muén tim thi, khong mudn ‘vi sy toe khong kip khé trude khi di ngi. 4. Can hg nay chi e6 may » khong 06 m: bat dia sau khi din, bat dia, anh phii ty 5. Con a tay chin truée khi di ngi chwa? —Thwa me, con roia. 6. Cai do len nay phai bing tay trong nude lanh, khong duge bang may. 7. Cira higu nay e6 ed dich vy edt t6e “hair cut” va 8. Anh lam on cho tdi may cai bat va méy d6i diia nay. 9, Mudn din rau séng thi phai rau rit edn thgn dy. 10. Truée day, khi chua e6 may » ngudi ta phi comforter,” man “mosquito net” va cde thir khac bang tay. quin do, chan “blanket, B. Combine the following phrases to make up sentences, using cing... edng... Note that when the two parts of a sentence contain the same subject, the subject in the first part is omitted. Exawrce: chj dy nght dén chuy§n nay/chj ay buon —> — Cang nghi dén chuyén nay, chj dy cing bubn. ge nhigw/biét nhidu . nha gin trung tim/tidn nha ait anh lai xe nhanb/anh dé bj tai ni |. toi dge nhiéu vé lich sir Vigt Nam/tdi lich sir Viét Nam hay bio truée cho ching tdi sém/chiing tdi c6 nhiéu thoi gian chudn bj 5. anh dy kiém duge nhigu tién/anh dy hay di du lich {t6i tp thé thao/t6i khoé ra di xa vé phia tay bic Ha Noi/thdy ¢6 nhieu nai va rig ). toi nghe anh dy gidi thich/ti khong hiéu t0i néi chuygn v6i 6 ‘i Beenaveyne y /téi hoc héi nhidu & Ong dyNOSs41 NO CONTINUING VIETNAM: ML. 12. 13, 14. 15, 16. 17, 18, 19. 20. c Khu phé e6/nha eira chit hep 9 dim eao/thdy oi bite mdy vi tinh xéch tay “laptop” nhé/méay vi tinh dat tién n nhiéu rau va hoa qua, tét ragin é iy minh biét it tri khuya “late at night”/lanh @ Hué lau/biét thém nhiéu vé lich sit srién “dynasty” Nguyén ge cudn sich thai tiét néng Am/tai thdy khé chju Use la to answer the following questions. Exame.e: Di b@ tir day dén dy mat bao lau? (it takes just a few minutes to walk) —> Di bé tir day dén day mat bao lau? Di may phat 1a dén. ‘Thuw vign Quéc gia la ngdi nha nao? (the big yellow house on the left, just look at it and you will recognize it) Di tir day dén khu phé 6 e6 xa khong? (it takes you just five minutes to ride your bike) . Chj dy 6 di véi ching minh khong? (of course, just give her a call, and she will come right away) Bao gid’ chiing ta c6 thé bit dau cuge hop? (we're waiting for him, he'll show up and we'll immediately start) Quin do gidt khd phai chd cé lau khéng? (you'll bring it in today, and it'll be ready [xong] tomorrow already) Xe ti anh chtta bao gid thi xong? (it'll be ready in two hours) Bay tir HA Ni vio Sti Gon mat bao lau? (it takes just an hour and a half) Gan day cé quan com byi nao kh6ng, hé chi? (you'll just walk to the intersection and you'll see one) . Bao gid ti e6 thé don dn diy? (let me set up the furniture for you and tomorrow you'll move in) Bao gid thi xong com? Téi déi qua rdi. (in just ten minutes)HOUSING, AND A SIGHT: ING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY D. Write questions for the following responses, using ligu EXAMPLE: _ - Di thai gian chi. Minh c6 ca ngay hom nay dé di thim pho cé. —> _Ligu minh e6 di thai gian di thiim phd cd khong? Di théi gian chit. Minh e6 ea ngay hom nay dé di thim phé c@, Ding § chi. Téi 4% noi chuygn trude voi ho rdi Hém nay mé cia dén 11 gids dém. Lam xong chit. Ching ta edn ba tiéng nia, Phai viét xong chit, Néu khéng viét xong /ugn van “thesis” thi nim nay chj dy khéng thé nghigp cao hoe durge. ‘Chic khong mua dau, Trdi trong xanh Lim, khéng ¢6 may. ‘pén chit. T6i qua t6i goi dign néi chuyén véi anh Ay, anh Ay néi sé dén. Chi eit me thir xem, néu khéng vira thi lay edi kh: Chic la ii tign. Thang nay vé may bay kh6ng dit lim. 9 2 Cong ty nay khé canh tranh v6i cée e6ng ty khac lim. Gid cao qua. 10. 2 Chiée rang niy chwa phai nhé diu. Té sé chifa cho anh. E, Fill in the blanks with dign ra or xy/xay ra. ‘Ten Iyt lon nbd 6 ving nay nim nao? |. Quéc 19 1A doan nay hay tai nan giao théng, nguy hiém Lim. NOSS41 NONOSS41 i) CONTINUING VIETNAMESE 3. Cuge hop téi qua thé nao? 4, Moi ngudi e6 ging vé aén nha trurée Kkhi 5. Cude héi théo quéc té vé Viet Nam hoc lan thir nhat dau? 6. Chuyén nay Jam cho 6 ay budn Lim. 7. Thing na 6 ding bing sing Citu Long thuring nhang con mura len. 8. Khip noi trong nude cae hogt dong ky nigm 1000 nim Thing Long-Ha Noi. 9. Chuyén di tham quan Sapa 6 muén khong? 10, Trude kia, gidra hai nude nay thuéng: chién tranh. 27] F. First read the words and phrases below. Then listen to the speaker on the audio track and repeat the words and phrases. Pay close attention to 1) two- (or mote) syllable words, whose syllables should be spoken together; 2) the pronunciation of the words that have similar sounds but differ in meaning and usage, budi sang, budi ti, bita sing, bira t6i cfin nha, thué edn nha, ed nha, dn véi ci nha, dng nha t6i, ba nha tot ‘oh, ngogi think Ha NOi, nOi than, tro thanh ngi thinh higu biét, hiéu biét vé Ha NOi, tim hiéu, tim hiéu vé Ha Noi phé c6, nha e6, nha ct anh quan, lim héng cinh quan, phong ch, phong ednh rit dep G, Based on the content of the dialogues, answer the following questions. 1. Can nha anh nghién ciru sinh mudn thué phong nim & diu? 2. Phong c6 nhing tign nghi nao? 3. Anh nghién ctu sinh e6 ndu an é nha khong? Tai sao? 4, Anh nghién ctu sinh chuyén vé 5. Ong chii nha thich néi chuygn v 6 8 Tién phong mdi thing anh nghién cifu sinh tra la bao nhigu? Nha hat Lon Ha NOi durge xay dung khi nio? Tai day da xy ra nhing sy kign gi? 9. Tai sao khéng nén xéy nha qua cao 6 trung tim Ha Noi? 10. Khu phé cé khac véi khu phé do ngudi Php xy dyng nhw thé nao? 11, Tai sao nhiéu dung phé trong khu phé cd tén bit dau bing chit hang? 12. Ha NOi hop nbit véi tinh HA Tay va mt huygn eda tinh Vinh Phuic bao giv?HOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY 13. Hign gig dign tich va dan sé Ha N@i la bao nhigu? / Exercises 1. Use the map of the Old Quarter of Hanoi to prepare a dialogue about this area of Hanoi. 2. Prepare with a partner a conversation about a sightseeing tour of your favorite city, then perform the dialogue in front of your class. NOSS41 Ws)NOSS41 i) LH vP pr= gid TT CONTINUING VIETNAMESE dign tien Ha NOi ién he phong HC = phong hank chinh ety = edng ty cPKD vin phong ee CHO THUE NHA RETR renner Cho thud etn hd cao ep DT 7am, 2 hong ng, 1 phéng Khach, 1 bép 2WC, hung dep, giao thing thuan ten, tign lam van phéng hoge nha & tal ting 11, tba nha 18 tng, CTS Binh Cong. Gia TT. Tel091247.4597 faxirenes Cho thué nha méi hon thign, OT ‘552 x 3.5 téng, MT 3.6m, 2 mat todng (cO san truée, san sau), uring to, c6 ch6 a 6 trong nha, tien lam van phong, nha &. Tel, 081249,0080 Cho thué van phéng cao edp, tai ing 5 téa nha vin phéng Vimeco, 18 E9 duéng Pham Hing, Géu Gidy, HN (gén si thi Big C, d6i dign TTHN Quée Gia) DT 100m2, eo day dit deh vw git xe, an ninh, glé hep Ij. LH: Phéng HC, cty CPKD Vinaconex. Tel. 27848660, 000406.6262 3. Use the dictionary to read the following advertisement taken from a Hanoi newspaper. Here are the meanings of the acronyms used in the advertisement. thoi thudn (price negotiable) MT = mitt tién (front or facade of a house, building) HN= TTHN quéc gia = trung tim hdi nghi quée gia 6 phan kinh doanh (join stock) MTG = min trung gian (no brokerage, no intermediaey) MB = mit bing (= dign tich) SBC = 56 d6 chinh chii (should be sold by the owner) Na CAN MUA NHA aa Cin mue gép, nha chung ou, nha 616 vao hode ngé nhé. Tai cdc quan Ba Binh, Cau gity, Tay HS. TH gid te 1 ty ain 1.5 1 thanh oan ngay, MTG. LH: Anh Kiem, Tel. 098212.0873 Cn mua nha gap 48 &, nha 06 kknung bé tong, trén 2 tng, MB. 80m2, MT tt 3.5m tré lon, nge 2 Bn 3 m, SCC tel cdo quan Chu Giay, dng Ba, Tay HO, gid kodng 1,2 19, thanh toan ngay, Mra. Tel, 091908.7477 Cin te bat dong sn cho khdch ‘use ngoal, cong ty lam VP: Cin ho, hd, DIB thy tal ce quan Ha INBi, Nhn mua, ban gidp: Can ng cao cdp, big thy tal cc quan, Tel. 2.438639-7. 199865- 0979776776 werw.nanoinouselink.comING TOUR OF HANOI & S @oN-HO HOUSING, A D A SIGHTSEE Ban can biét ‘Some international students prefer staying with a Vietnamese family to study the language and to learn about Vietnamese culture. The best way to rent a room in a Vietnamese house is to ask the Vietnamese institution that sponsors you or to ask your Vietnamese friends to find a place for you. They will negotiate the rent on your behalf. Usually, the Vietnamese hosts can prepare meals for you at a very reasonable price. Once you become friends, a Vietnamese family will provide you with one-of-a-kind insight into the Vietnamese way of If you plan to stay in Vietnam to study for a semester or longer, you may want to buy a bicycle to get around. Motorbikes are the most popular means of transportation in the cities, but keep in mind that a driver’s license is required to ride a motorbike in Vietnam. A taxi is the best way for tourists to go from one place to another in a city. Taxi fares are much lower than in Europe and the U.S.A. It is not customary to give a tip to the taxi driver. ing &én Ngoe Som, Hi NOH Gate of Ngoe Sam Temple in Ha Noi { 3 3 ; , i ; ; ; 2 NOSS41 2NOSSs41 NO NTINUING VIETNAM Bai doc (28) Sai Gon — thanh phé Hé Chi Minh ghin cfy s6 vudng va din sé khoang séu trigu rwéi ngwii, Si yn a thanh pho lén nhat & Vigt Nam, 1A trung tim chinh tr), kinh té, vain hod, khoa hgc, giao théng cita cic tinh phia nam, So v6i Ha Noi, Sai Gdn duge thanh gp mugn hon, nén duge coi la mgt thanh phé twong déi tré. Dau thé ky 17, ngudi Vigt tir mign Bac, mién Trung vugt bién vio day khai khiin mitn dt ni Trong nhiing niim 70 thé kj’ 17, chiia NguyZn cho mot s6 quan quan nha Minh dén ving Ha Tién, Mf Tho va Dong Nai linh ngn. Hg cang ngwi Vigt 1am din sinh séng trén min dat nay, bién hang gin, hing van héc-ta at hoang, rimg rm, dim lay thinh rung vuon xanh tuoi, Nam 1698, mot vj quan cita chaa Nguyén 1a Nguyén Hou Cinh duge eit vao day thanh lp phi Gia Dinh va huyén TAn Binh. Sai Gon chinh thite xuat hign. Khi dy, ngoai nhing khu vye cia ngudi Vigt cdn ¢6 xf Minh Huong ciia ngu’i Hoa, chinh la khu Chg Lén sau niy. Nim 1772, Sai Gan tré-thinh mét thanh phd, Tir nim 1776 dén nam 1783, Tay Son va Nguyén Anh thay nhau lam chii Sai in. Nam 1788, Nguyén Anh chi SAi Gon, Tir nim 1802 (la ndm triéu Nguyén duge thanh Ip va dat kinh 46 @ Hué) cho dén nam 1832, Sai Gon IA thd phd eda Gia Djnh thanh. Nim 1859 ngudi Phip chiém durge Gia Dinh. Ngay lip tite, ho quy hogeh la thanh phé lén phye vu mye dich khai thie thuge dja, Thanh phé duge thiét ké theo m6 hinh chau Au, Nim 1865 ngudi Php tich Chg Lén ra khdi SAi Gon, dén nim 1931 méi lai sép nhap Chg Lén v6i Sai Gon thanh Sai Gon-Chg Lén, Trong suét thoi kj thudc Phap, nhieu céng trinh Ién durge xiy dyng. Sai Gén-Chg Lén tré thanh trung tim chinh tr), kinh té, van hod cia ca Dong Duong ma nhigu ngudi goi la Hon ngoe cia Vin Dong, Tir nam 1954 dén nim 1975, Sai Gan la thit d6 iia Vigt Nam C$ng hoa. Sau khi dat nurée théng nhdt, ngiy 2 thing 7 nim 1976, Quée hdi nue Cong, hoa X4 hOi chi nghia Vigt Nam quyét djnh di tén Sai Gon thanh Thanh phé Hd Chi Minh, Hign gid, Sai Gon 1A trung tim kinh té quan trong nbdt ciia cd nwéc, Mic dit chi chiém 0,6% dign tich va 7,5% dan s6 cia cii nude, Sai Gon chiém t6i 20, 2% ting sin phim quéc din, 27,9%HOUSING, ANO A SIGHT: ING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINK CITY téng gid tri sin xudt cong nghigp va 34,9% tong dy 4n dau tu ctia nude ngoai vao Viet Nam. Sai Gon c6 mt hé théng trung tm throng mai, siéu thi, chy da dang. Chg Bén Thanh nim & trung tim, la biéu twgng vé giao lu thuong mai tir xa xwa cia thanh phé, hign nay van git mOt vai tro quan trong. Trong théi gian gin day, nhiéu trung tm thong mai hign dgi xudt hign nhw Saigon ‘Trade Centre, Diamond Plaza, Nhir vj tri dja ly va diéu kign ty nhién thug Igi, Sai Gon 1a dau méi giao théng quan trong khdng chi ciia Vigt Nam ma cdn cia ed Dang Nam A. Cang Sai Gon Id cng bién quan trong nhat cia ca nude. Giao thong dwong séng cling chiém vj tri dc bigt. Sin bay quéc 18 Tan Son Nhat méi duge xay dung Igi tré thanh mét sin bay quan trong trong vang Dong Nam Sai Gon ciing Ia trung tam giao théng dung 6 t6 va durong sit cia cd mign Nam. Shi Gon li mot trong nhiing trung tim gio dye bite dgi hge quan trong nhat cia ed nurée. V6i 25 trong dal gc, Sal Gin g6p phin dio tgo chuyén gia cho tht cd cde ngdnh nghé. Bénh vign nim 6 khap cc quan, huyén & Sai Gon, trong d6 6 nhing bénh vign thudc logi lon nhat va hign gi nhdt cia Vigt Nam. Trung Dai hge Y Sai Gon cing v6i trurong Dai hge Y Ha Noi 1 hai eo si quan trong nbit dao tgo bic si va chuyén gia cho nginh y t6 clin efi mrée. Sai Gon la mOt thinh phé trong déi tré, cén git Igi duye nbidu cng trinh kién trac c6 gid trong 6 6 chia chin. Thanh phé cé dén vai trim ng6i chia, chia lam ba logi: chita cd Vigt Nam theo Phat gido truyén théng c6é khoang hon hai trim nam nay; chia do ngwdi Hoa xy dyng, tap trung bén khu Chg Lén, mang phong cach Trung Hoa; chia méi duye xay dyng, mang nhiéu nét ibn trie hign 4 ha Thién Chia gido, trong 46 lén nhat la Nha the Dite ba nim @ trung tim thanh phé, do ngwoi Phap xay dyng nim 1880, Nha tho c6 hai thép chuéng cao 40 mét. Thanh phé cé mt sé nha thd dgo Tin lanh, mgt nha thy H4i gido. ‘Nganh du lich déng gop mOt phan dang ké cho ngan séch cia thanh phd. Méi nim ¢6 khong ba, bon trigu khach du lich dén thim thanh phé va tir day di thiim nhiéu noi khac @ cae tinh phia nam. Nhing khdch sgn én do ngudi Phip xy dyng vio nita dau thé ky 20 hign nay vin Ia nhong khach sgn sang trong cia thinh phé. Nhiéu khéch san méi duge xy dyng trong hai nién vira qua. Thanh phé cé 11 khach san nam sao, 8 khich san bin sao, 20 khich sgn ba sao va nhiéu khach san nhé khde, song vin chua dap img duge nhu clu ciia khiich du lich. ‘Tuy dat tée dp phat trién rat cao, thanh phé vin dang phai duong dau v6i mgt s6 vin dd kinh 16 va xa hOi nh hé théng dwong sa trong thanh phé khéng dap. ting duge lugng xe ngay cing ting, thudng xuyén gay fich tie giao thong; mdi trudng bj 6 nhiém 1a mot van 8 nghiém trong ma ngwdi ta phai tim céch gid quyét; khoing céch gidu nghéo ngiy cing lén cfing gay ra mot sé vin dé x4 hgi khée. Gon 6 al [hi thir Die Bi, thin phd Hi Chi Minn Cathedral of Notre Dame, #8 Chi Minh City NOSS41 NNoss41 NO vyugt 10 cross, overcome vyugt bign 10 cross the ocean Khai khin fo clear the land chia ford quan official, mandarin | quan soldier, troops, army aha Minh Ming dynasty in China 5885) (1368. 1644) inh nan ro take refuge lim fin fo work, do business sinh sing ro live, dwell bign 10 turn something into something hhang ngan thousands van fen thousand hang van tens of thousands héeeta hectare h ig virgin, uncultivated ait hoang uncultivared lands ram thick, dense am lay bog, swamp, marsh xanh tuoi verdant, lucuriant | cit ro send (an official), appoint | phit prefecture huygn district | x commune | Minh Huong Chinese communities overseas (began to be founded during the Ming dynasty) ngudi Hoa Chinese people (as an ethnic group) chinh 1a exactly, precisely sau nay in the future, would be thay nhau fo replace each other lam chii 10 be owner of. control thi phi center of a region thamh citadel, fortress ngay lip tite immediately uy hogeh fo plan (a town, city) quy hoaeh lai 10 re-plan thuge dja colony m6 hinh mode! ‘ich A ra khdi B to separate A from B sép nh§p ro merge, annex thoi ky period thd ky thuge Phiip the period under French rule han ngge pear! gem Vién Dong the Far East eng hoa republic; republican (characteristic of or supportive of a republic) Vigt Nam COng hoa the Republic of Vietnam XH hGi chit nghi COng ho’ Xa hOi chai nghta Vigt Nam rhe Socialist Republic of Vietnam quyét dinh to decide, make a decision di tén thinh fo rename as socialist tong sin phdm quéc dan gross domestic product (GDP) gid tri value dy 4n project dau tu fo invest; investment thong mai commerce trung tim throng mai shopping center, shopping mall biéu tong symbol giao Inu to communicate tir xa xua from ancient times gidt vai trd to play a role hy due to, thanks to khong chi ... ma edn ... nor only Dong Nam A Southeast Asia gido dye education bi chuyén gia specialist, expert nginh area, specialty nghé profession, occupation y t8 health care but also . ¢ level git lal duye 10 preserve chiia chién (collective noun) temples, pagodas Phat gido Buddhism truyén théng tradition; traditionalHOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY phong cach style sao star | Trung Hoa China; Chinese ap ting to meet (demands, requirements) Nha thé Dire ba Cathedral of Notre Dame nhu clu demand | Thien Chiia gio Catholicism at to achieve chung bel! durong dau fo encounter, cope with thép chudng belfiy xii hGi society Tin anh Protestantism durimg sé (collective noun) roads i tang 10 increase, rise déng gop fo contribute fich tie traffic congestion, traffie jam | phan part mi trudmg environment dang ké considerable 4 nhigm to pollute, be polluted ngfin sich budget nghiém trong grave, serious sang trong /uvurious giai quyét ro solve, resolve, find a solution to thap nién decade Khoang eaeh distance; gap vita qua recent; recently gidu rich, wealihy trong hai thdp nién vira qua in the last two | nghéo poor decades nonygss ATE | thinb phé H8 Chi Mind ‘Nauyén Hug Street, Hé Chi Mink City Ngit phap & cach ding tir [A 210 10. Bién thanh, bién ... thanh, tré nén and tré thank Although they all express the sense of changing, these are used in different ways. When used for inanimate nouns, the intransitive verbs bién thin and tré thanh have the similar meaning “to become something different, to turn into something.” The verb bién thanh emphasizes the change: Sau tr§n d9ng Git, toa nha 10 ting bién thanh/trs thanh déng gach vyn. Afier the earthquake the ten-story building became just a heap of rubble. NO Noss4J1CONTINUING VIETNAM Tr@ thank, meaning “to become someone different,” may be used only before a noun: Ban t6i da tre thanh luat su. My friend has become a lawyer. The intransitive verb tré nén, meaning “to change to a different state,” is used before an adjective: ‘Sau khi moi ngwii di hét, cin phong tré nén yén tinh. After everyone left, it became quiet in the room. NOSS41 N ‘The transitive verb bién .., thanh ... means “to turn something into something”: ‘Nguoi Vigt tir nhiing mién dat phia bac di cw vao diy da bién ving dat phi nhiéu nay thanh mot khu vye kinh té néng nghigp phat trién. Vietnamese people who had moved here from the North turned this fertile land into a region with developed agriculture IVE The classifier vj is used before a noun denoting a person, to convey high respect for the person: vi chi tich, vi gido sw. 12. Béi, thay and thay di The verb di has two meanings. 1) “To change something to something.” With this meaning, it takes the preposition thanh and is used in the construction aéi + noun + thanh + noun: ‘Nam 1883 nha Nguyén déi Sai Gon thanh tinh Gia Dinh. In 1883 the Nguyén dynasty changed Saigon to Gia Binh Province. 2) “To exchange something for something.” With this meaning, it takes the preposition liy and is used in the construction 46i + noun + lay + noun: Cai do nay hoi chit, toi mudn déi ly edi khac. This shirt is too small for me, I want to exchange it for another one. The set expression di ¥ means “to change one’s mind”: Chi dy dinh moi ching t6i dén nha an sinh nhat nhung déi ¥, mdi chung toi ra nha hang. She wanted to invite us 10 her house to celebrate her birthday, but changed her mind ‘and invited us to a restaurant instead. The verb thay, meaning “to change, replace, substitute,” may be used in different grammatical constructions. 1). The transitive verb thay takes a noun as a direct object: thay pin trong ddng hd to change the battery in a watch thay bong dén to change a bulb13. Lai HOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH C) thay quan so to change clothes thay ngudi trong higp hai to make a substitution in the second half ‘Thay is used after another verb and means “to substitute for someone”: Lim thay “to substitute someone at work,” diy thay “to substitute a teacher,” ki thay “to sign (a document) on someone’s behalf.” The verb thay déi conveys the sense of “to become different” or “to make something different”: Trong 10 nim qua thanh phé Ha N6i thay déi rat nhiéu. Hanoi has changed very much over the last ten years. Nguii ta dang thay déi hé théng gio duc dai hoc. They are changing the higher education system ‘The set expression thay di § kién conveys the same meaning as di ¥, but sounds more formal: Cé dy hay thay adi § kiéa Kim. ‘She might easily change her mind. ‘The phrase di tén thanh has the meaning “to rename something something”: Khi trugg dai hoe Harvard duge thinh lip, ngudi ta quyét dinh di tén thank, phé New Towne thanh Cambridge. When Harvard University was founded, they decided to rename New Towne Cambridge. ‘The word Igi has many meanings. Here are three of them Hn) 2 3) When used after a verb (the verb is usually transitive), lai conveys the sense of redoing something, performing an action again, and in some cases itis similar to the English prefix re-: lam Igi “to redo,” viét Igi “to rewrite,” thi Igi “to retake an exam,” hoi Igi “to ask the question again,” ndu Igi “to cook something again,” quy hogeh Igi “to re-design.” When Igi comes before a verb, it means that an action takes place again. The speaker ‘may imply that the action is unfavorable for her/him or for the subject: ‘Trdi lai mua, may hom nay mua nhiéu qi Iris raining again, It has been raining too much in recent days ‘Anh dy Ipi déa manén, He is late again. Né Igi bj tai ngn 010. He has been in another car accident. Lai is used after a large number of verbs where it becomes a part of the verbs: git lai “to keep, preserve,” dé Iai “to leave something in a place,” giti lai “to leave something for someone,” tra Igi “to return something.” NOSS41 NNOSS41 NO NTINUING VIETNAMESE 14, Quyét dinh and giai quyét Both verbs quyét djnh and giai quyét contain the component quyét, but they convey different meanings. Quyét djnh means “to decide, make a decision to do something, to resolve” and usually comes before another verb: Thanh pho quyét dinh dau tu thém vao nganh gido dyc trong ndm hoe toi. The city has decided to invest more in the educational system for the next academic year. Giai quyét means “to solve, resolve” and comes before a noun: ‘Thanh phé dang cé ging giai quyét vin dé 0 nhiém mdi trudng. The city is trying to solve the problem with the polluted environment. 15. Tang The word tng, meaning “total, gross, general,” is used before a large number of nouns: tng p “total value of industry products,” dn phim quéc din “GDP,” ting tong bi thu “general secretary,” tng sé san xuat cong ng 16, Khéng chi ... ma ea ... and khéng nhimg/khdng ch These mean “not only ... but also ...” and are used to connect two similar parts of a sentence. Khong chi... ma ca ... comes before two nouns: khOng chi + noun + ma ed + noun or khOng chi is placed before a verb, and ma ea comes before a noun: khOng chi + verb + ma ed + noun Nhiéu khdch du lich dén thim thanh phé nay khéng chi mia hé ma cd mia dong. Or: Nhiéu khdeh du Ich khéng chi dén thim thanh phé nay mia hé ma ca maa déng. Many tourists visit this city not only in summer, but also in winter Khong nhang/khdng chi ... ma con ... is used before two verbs or adjectives functioning as the predicate khdng nhang/khdng chi + verb/adjective + ma con + verbladjective Khi hu ving nay khéng nhing/khéng chi néng ma con dm. The climate in this area is not only hot, but also humid. The particle nita may be placed at the end of the sentence to emphasize the combination: Nhiéu khach du lich dén thim thinh phé nay khéng chi mia hé ma cd mia déng Khi hau ving nay khong nhing/khéng chi néng ma cdn Am nita. Drills A. Fill in the blanks with the verbs bién thanh, bién thanh, tro nén or tré thanh, |. Mudi nim sau khi tot nghigp trudng y, 6 dy mot bac st mit ndi tiéng.HOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY ‘Thanh phé bj lyt, nhiéu khu phd nhing hd nude lon. ‘Da sang thang ba, thi tiét im hon, ngay dai hon. Chi trong vai chye nam, ngwoi ta di thj tran nhé nay ‘mét thanh phd nghi mat ndi tiéng, Vang bién Vigt Nam gin Vang Tau noi khai théc diu khi quan trong cia ca nue. Sinh vien ngéi nha dy cu lac b6 khigu vi, vin a8 nay rdt quan trong. 0 gitra nhiing nim 60, hin dio nay mot nude age 1p. Cae céng ty nude ngoai tinh Binh Dwong & phia Bic thanh phé Hd Chi Minh mt trung tim cng nghigp quan trong ciia ca nude. Cain Tho: trung tim kinh té va gido duc ciia ding bing song Ciru Long. Complete the following sentences using bign think, bién thin, ro nén or tr thanh, Hai ngudi (have become close friends = ban than). Sau hai thng Lim vige, (she has become accustomed to her job at this research center), . Chau bé nay (is to become a great pianist). . Khong duge mé nhge to (after 10 PM has become a rule of the dorm). . Di ra phé vao ban dém (is becoming dangerous). Cé Ay (was trained to become a lawyer). . (The room changed into a very pleasant place) khi dén khéng sing lim, . Sau khi (work is over, he turns into a fairly nice person). Ong dy (suddenly changed himself into a smiling friend rather than the unpleasant old man we had first seen) ). Trong truygn 06 tich “fairy tale, folktale” dy, ba cy (can turn a bird into a tiger). . Khi hu trén oan “entire, whole” thé gidi (is becoming warmer). Ba dy 6m kha n§ng, (now she has already recovered but has become difficult to please). Fill in the blanks with the verbs di, thay or thay di. Ong dy 48 quyét ajnh ntur thé dt, khong ai c6 thé in Ong dy atu, Quyén tir dign ny hoi it tr, chj e6 y quyén khée khong? NO NOoSsSsa1NOSS41 NO CONTINUING VIETNAMESE 12, vena wwe ‘Nam 1831 vua Minh Mang tén thanh phé Thing Long Ha Noi. Bao lau phai dau “oil” xe 6 to mot Anh nhiéu qua, tdi khong nhan ra, ‘Tuan téi toi khong nghi duge vi khong c6 ai Lam . ‘Tir thé ky 17 dén nay, chit quéc ngir 6 nhung khéng nhiéu kim, Anh da hita véi toi thé réi, dimg § diy nhé. ‘Thoi tiét vang nay d6i khi rit nhanh, ngwoi ta adi dia “to joke”: “Néu ban khong thich théi tiét nhw thé nay thi ban choy ndm phat, Néu ban thich thoi tiét nh thé nay thi ban cing chéy nam phat”. ‘Dé tii quan ao rdi tdi di véi anh. Tinh hinh kinh té Vigt Nam trong nhiig nim 90 thé ky 20 hodn todn “completely, totally” « bién Vigt Nam tir mt muse phai nhip khdu ggo thinh mot nurée xwat Khaw gao. C6 c6 tién 1é “small change” khdng, lam on cho (6i t nim trim nghin ding? Use Iai to translate the following sentences. Pay attention to its position. I want to return this book to the professor. We are going to have another snowstorm. This is a second snowstorm in three days. When can he retake the exam? 1am busy now, Please call me back later. Can I leave this book for her? The teacher asked the question again so we understood it correctly. Today I will cook this dish again and will show you how to cook it Has she gotten sick again? Please say that again. I don’t understand what you mean. My doctor asked me to return to the hospital in a week so he can re-examine me. Use quyét dinh or gidi quyét to complete the following sentences. (Ching téi c6 nhiéu thir dé chon nén (it is hard to decide what to buy), Ong Ay ching lam gi (to resolve the difficult situation), (She resolved that she would never) gap Iai anh dy nia. Chinh phi dang c6 ging (1o solve the traffic problems in the large cities) Sau chuyén di sang chéu Au, (we resolved to visit Europe at least once a year),10. u 1B. 14, . Sau Khi fy dn “to get divorced” Kin thit hai (she decided never to marry ag: ). Ban tdi cho ring (money will solve all his problems). . Di Ning HOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY (We cannot resolve this matter) trong vong mét tun duge dau. (It is very hard to resolve it in such a short time.) ‘Sau khi tim durge vige lim méi, (she resolved that she would try to work harder). Ching tai khong c6 du xe dé di chia Huong, (but the matter was resolved by people taking the bus), fing cach three NOSS41 NO Fill in the blanks using khOng chi ... ma ca ... or khong nhing/khdng chi ... ma cdn ... Pay attention to the word class of the words that follow them. hi fy hoe tham gia rit nhitu hogt dng ctia hi sinh vien, i tiéng vi Bao tang Chim ‘6 ci m@t khu goi la Thanh dia MJ Son cia ngudi Cham nia, ba dy ching t6i cding khéng ding ¥ véi quyét dinh cia anh. Com Vigt Nam 6 it mo c6 rat nhiéu rau mira. Vao thé ky 17, ngudi Vigt nguii Hoa ciing vao dong bing séng Ciru Long lim an sinh sng. ‘Hign gid, Vigt Nam 1a nude xudt khau nhiéu ggo thir hai thé gidi nuée xudt khau nhieu ca phé thir hai thé gidi nia, ‘Sai Gon e6 nha thir dgo Tin lanh nha tha Hai gido nia. Da Lat cung cip rau hoa cho Sai Gon nita. ). BO quan ao nay dep ré nia, Cae bai hat ctia Trinh Cong Son nhac loi cfing rat hay. san bay Noi Bai san bay Tan Son Nhit efing da tré thanh ede sn bay ‘quéc t€ quan trong trong ving Déng Nam A. K§ tie xf ctia t6i co xa lép hge. Ving déng bing séng Ciru Long cé nhiéu chita dgo Phat ctia ngwii Vidt va ngudi Hoa ia ngudi Khmer nia, Hoe ky nay tdi hge tiéng Vigt hoc mot lép vé lich sir Vigt Nam nia,NOSSs41 i) ‘CONTINUING VIETNAMESE 6 truromg agi hge du tign ciia Vigt Nam Ta not cé cite cng trinh kién trie e6 cia nhigu triéu dai. G. Use khéng chi ... mi ei... or khong nhdng/khong chi ... ma cdn ... to translate the following sentences, 1. Inthe year of 2010 Vietnam celebrates not only the 1,000th anniversary of Thing Long, but also the the 1,000th anniversary of the foundation of the Ly dynasty. 2. Not only is it dark, but itis also foggy, so you should be very careful when driving, 3. Not only undergraduate students but also graduate students participate in the activities of the Students’ Association. ‘Not only has he been late three times, he has also done no work. She not only plays the piano, but also the violin. ‘On the days of the Northeastem monsoon the weather in Hanoi is not only cold, but also damp. 7. Not only has he quit smoking, but he has also started working out. Not only was Hanoi flooded, but also several other provinees in the Red River Delta, Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of drinking water. 10. Since Vietnam shifted to the market economy, not only has there been little difference in price for goods, but the service has also become much better. H. First read the words and phrases below. Then listen to the speaker on the audio track and repeat the words and phrases. Pay close attention to 1) two- (or more) syllable words, whose syllables should be spoken together; 2) the pronunciation of the words that have similar sounds but differ in meaning and usage. siu trigu rudi, su gidr roi . Khai khan, khai khin mién diit nay, khai thée, khai the diu lira va khi Ot thi dé, thii 46 HA Noi, phii Gia Djnh, thi phi cia Gia Djnh think . giao liu, giao luu thuong mai, giao théng, giao théng vin tai chuyén gia, dao tao chuyén gia y té, chuyén ve y té nha tho, Nha thd Lén 6 Ha Noi, nha tho, nha tho 16n cia Vigt Nam khdch san, cée khdch san, eée khiich san khie during sa, hé théng dwang sa, duing sit, h¢ théng duong sit nghiém trong, van dé nghiém trong, quan trong, vin dé quan trong pee s aay 1, Based on the content of the narrative, give answers to the following questions. 1. Vi sao Sai Gon durge coi ld thanh phé twong déi tré & Vigt Nam? 2. Tai sao mét sé quan quan nha Minh sang Vigt Nam 3. Ai lA ngudi du tién duge chia Nguyén cir vio thanh Ip phit chia Nguyén cho Linh nan? Dinh? Vao nim ndo?HOUSING, AND A SIGHTSEEING TOUR OF HANOI & SAIGON-HO CHI MINH CITY Vi sao tir nim 1776 dén nim 1783, Tay Son va Nguyén Anh thay nhau lim chi khu vye Sai Gon nhigu lan? |. Ngudi Phip chiém dure Sai Gon nim nao? Dwi thoi thuge Phap, Sai Gon duge quy hoach nhw thé nao? . Tai sao e6 thé néi hign givy Sai Gon 1a trung tam kinh té quan trong nhiit ciia cd nuée? . Ban biét gl vé Sai Gan nhur mt trung tm giao thong quan trong? Sai Gon 6 nhiing Agi hge In nado? Ban biét gi vé cc cOng trinh kién trae & Sai Gon? ‘Sai Gon hién phai dwong dau v6i nhing van dé lon nao vé mat kinh té va xa hoi? gi tring Théng ub (true dy 1a Dink Die lp). thnh phd H@ Chi Minh Meeting Hall of Reunification (former Pelace of Independence), H6 Chi Minh City NOSS41 NOCONTINUING VIETNAMESE / Exercises 1. Write an essay about your favorite city 2. Use the dictionary to read the following narrative taken from book Thanh phé Hd Chi Minh ty thigu (published by Nha xuat ban Thanh phé Hé Chi Minh, 2002). NOSS41 Sai Gén ~ thanh pho H6 Chi Minh nam giga mién Béng va mién Tay Nam b8. Trong hon 300, ‘nam qua, Sai Gén 1a th] trating chinh cia hang hhéa san xuat,tréng trot va che biéin cUa toan ving Nam b@ , [a thi truéng tu thy va eting la noi tap ket va la “tram trung chuyéi’ cdc loai san phdm cela Nam bé dén moi mién olla dat nude va xuat khau ra thé gigi, Tu Sal Gon - thanh phé Hé Chi Minh, hu nhs moi loai nhu yéu phém phuc vu tiéu ding va san xuat — trong dé san phém oda Sal Gon ~thanh phd Hé Chi Minh chign ty 18 kha a0 - theo hé théng séng rach cung clip cho toan imién. Duong thdy ty Sai Gon 66 thé dén tat ca céc tinh Nam b9 va ngugc lai . Ngay nay du he thding dung b> duge xay dung nhiéu, nhung kkh&ng ¢¢ hé théing giao thong nao thuan tien hon va hiu qua kinh t& hon he théng giao théng duéng thay. Sai Gon ~ thanh ph Hé Chi Minh 6a tao dung Bt trung tim ebng nghiép san xudt hdu hat hang tigu dung va cOng cy sén xuat va ché bién néng lm - hai sén cung cép cho nhu edu tu ding oda ca nude, Trong tuong lai khéng xa, v6i chién luge pit tién cong nghigp, thanh phé Hé Chi Minh $6 cho ra d6i nhigu sén phdm, may méc hign dai phye Wy eo co s6 ché bign san phdm néng nghiep cla Nam b@ éat chat lugng xudt Khai rong sy nghigp phat trién céng nghigp ~ thi ng nghigp ¢ Sai Gén ~ thanh ph6 Hé Chi Minh 300 nam qua e6 phan déng gép rét quan trong cia riguti Hoa (hin ¢é khodng 500.000 ngudi,séng tao trung tai quan §, quén 6, quan 8, quan 11...). Khi A: Thua gido su, gido sw lim on cho biét: Dgi hge Quée gia Ha N@i duge thinh lip tir bao gid a? B: Néu ké tir khi c6 tén Dai hoc Quée gia HA NOi thi méi dwye thanh lap vio nim 1993 thoi, @& NOSS31O NOSSI1 CONTINUING VIETNAMESE ee Chic 1a do hop nhat mét sé trutng dai hge & HA N6i cé tir truée 46, phai khong a? ‘Vang, hgp nhat va t6 chtte Iai ba tring Dai hoc Tong hyp, Dai hge Sw pham Ha N@i 1 va Dai hoc Su pham Ngoai ngtr Ha NOi thanh Dai hoc Quéc gia. Nim 1999, Dai hgc Su pham Iai tich ai hge Quée gia, thanh lap Dai hoc Su pham Ha NOi. ‘Thua gido su, thé hign nay truong e6 bao nhiéu trurdmg thinh vién tit ea? Cé nim trudng chinh la Dai hoe Khoa hge Ty nhién, Dai hge Khoa hge XA hi va Nhén vain, ngit, Dai hoc Céng nghé va Dai hoc Kinh té, Ngoai ra con mét sb khoa tryc thuge. Em c6 nghe néi Dai hge Quée gin Ha Ni tir thoi Phap phai khéng 2? ‘Vang, nim 2006 1a tron 100 nam ké tir ngay ngudi Phdp thanh lap Dai hoc Dong Duong. Khi dy truvng e6 nhimg khoa nao 4? Lic dau, trudng c6 5 khoa. Cho dén trudc Chién tranh thé gidi thir hai, trwong 6 14 khoa sm 100 nam thanh lip, chic la trudng e6 méi ki thanh vign, trong 46 Khoa Y va Khoa Lugt twong duong véi khoa y va khoa lugt cia cic trurimg dpi hoc bén Phép. Sinh vign tét nghigp hai khoa nay duge efp Bing tit nghigp Quée tigng Php 1a Diplome °F tat. Chic khi dy chong trinh hge la cia ede trudmg dai hge bén Phip dua sang phai khong 9? Vang, ngudi Phip dua chong trinh, gléo trinh, gio str sang Vigt Nam, Duong ahién 1a vige ging day va hoc tap déu bing tiéng Phap. Sau Céch mang thang 8 nim 1945, Dai hge Dong Duong cdn tiép tye hogt dong khong Ngay sau cach mang thang 8, Chinh phi Vigt Nam Dan cha Céng hoa quyét dinh mé cira Igi ‘trung dgi hoe. Ngay 15 thang 11 nim 1945, trudmg khai ging nim hge méi, chinh thire mang ‘én Bgi hoc Quéc gia Vigt Nam. sw tht nhidu. Xin edm on gi Dal he Quée gia Ha Not Hi Ni National University4 Ti moi VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ‘Déi thoai 1 $233 tuyén sinh fo select students thi tuyén sinh entrance exams te congested wing [bj] tie roads are congested trénh 10 avoid thim chi even bj tie dwong fo ger stuck in a traffic jam Jo mo vague; vaguely higu lo mo to have a vague idea tire Ia that is, shat means 19¢ university and college ky thi examination period phé thong general trung hge phé thong high school, secondary school khéi block, group cham chm a bit slow(ly) quan tim dén to be interested in, care about, pay attention to ] uhoa hge ty nha natural sciences thi sinh contestant, a student who takes an exam vat ly physics hoa hge chemistry duge pharmacy nha dentistry hod = hoa hge chemistry Khoa hge x4 Gi social sciences khoa hge nhan vin humanities thit classifier for languages Trung = Trung Quéc nang khiéu apritude, gift ai khai nh approximately, roughly | iy = vat ly physics | thi trugt 10 fail an exam thi 48 to pass an exam Déi thoai 2 6334 ké tir from sur pham pedagogy, pedagogies (the science of teaching); pedagogical thanh vien member cong ngh¢ rechnology true thuge io be directly managed by Chién tranh thé giéi thit hai World War Two twong durong véi equivalent 10 clip to confer (a title, degree), issue bing diploma gido trinh teaching materials ging dy 10 reach hoe tap to study tiép tue 10 continue hogt dng to work, act | dan chit democracy; democratic ‘Vigt Nam Dain chii Cong hoa the Democratic | Republic of Viemam khai ging to start an academic year @ NOSSJ1NOSS41 Ww NTINUING VIETNAM SE \. Ngit phap & cach ding tir | 1. ROL This word with the meanings of time was introduced in Lessons 7 and 9 of Elementary Vietnamese. Rdi may be placed at the end of a statement to emphasize what has been spoken of, in the statement as a thing already done, as a “fait accompli.” Note that in this use ri maintains one of its original meanings, “already Lam duge nhu thé 1a tét ri. What has been done is already good. Anh kh6ng trénh ede diém thi dgi hge rdi. You didn’t avoid the places where the entrance exams to colleges and universities were taken. Thi chi/anh ... bio In conversational Vietnamese, this expression is used by a speaker to give an explanation of ‘what the other person has started speaking of: ién nha cao qué. ~Thi anh bao muén é trung tam thanh phé, tién nha phai cao. The rent is so high. -You know, ifyou want to live downtown, you have to pay such a high rent ‘Thi chj bao cé biét trée dau ma tranh. You know, I had no idea about that before so I couldn't avoid it. Naa co This particle is placed at the end of a statement to emphasize something (usually negative) that is added to what has been spoken of. Can or Igi cdn is often used before the verb to make more emphasis: Ngodi trdi gié to qué. —Lai cin mura nita co. The wind is strong out there. —It is raining, to0. ‘Tham chi tdi con khong biét hom nay thi dai hoc nita co. I don't even know that the entrance exams to colleges took place today |. Sentence + subject + méi + verb Méi with the meaning “not ... until...” was introduced in Lesson 14 of Elementary Vietnamese. The time expression preceding the subject in this construction can be a sentence: Anh dy dén, ching ta méi di duge. We will not be able to leave until he arrives Nghe nhimg ngwoi xung quanh cing bj tic duimg nhw téi néi, tai moi biét. I didn't know until I heard the conversation of those who got stuck in the traffic jam like me. Sentence + nhi The particle nhi is placed at the end of a statement to convey the polite emphasis on what has just been spoken of, and in some cases, the speaker uses nhi to express his/her hope that the person the speaker is talking to will agree with his/her statement:VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Hom nay tri dep qué nhi. The weather today is just gorgeous, isn't it? ‘Ong dy khé tinh qué nhi. He has become difficult to please now, right? 6. Cham chim, nhé nhe A number of reduplicative adjectives convey the quality or the feature at a lower degree than the base adjective. The base adjective is entirely repeated, or a syllable is entirely repeated, bbut the tones of the two syllables of the reduplicative are different. The reduplicative with the ‘two components having the same tone and the reduplicative with the two components having different tones convey the same degree of the quality or feature. Here are a few reduplicative adjectives of this kind which are derived from the monosyllabic adjectives you already know: chim =—> chm chim, chim chgm nhe = —> he nh, nhé nhe ning > ngng nfng, ning njng lanh > anh Janh, lanh lanh mugn > mun mugn, muda mugn tré — > tré tré, tre tré nhé — >» nhé nhé, nho nhé khoé = —> khoé khoé, khoe khoé méi > méi méi, moi méi kno > kkho khé, Kkho kho ci = > eed cued aé —> db dé, dé a8 7. Dai khai nhu/dgi kha lat ‘This phrase is used at the beginning of a statement when the speaker cannot or does not want to be precise about something he/she is going to speak of: Toi khéng nh6 rd minh da di thim nhdng thinh phé ndo 6 ding bing song Ciru Long, nhung dai khai la My Tho, Can Tho, Long Xuyén, I don't remember what cities in the Mekong Delta I have visited, but approximately Mj Tho, Tho, Long Xuyén. Bai khai may be used as an adverb after a verb to modify it: Toi khong nhé rd, chi nhé dai khsi thai. I don't remember exactly, I have just a vague recollection of that. 8. Quéc gia, nha nude and nude The word quée gia, that was borrowed from Chinese and originally means “state, country,” is rarely used as a noun in contemporary Vietnamese. Literally, quée ( [2 ) means nwée, gia ( &) means nha, Quée gia functions as an adjective in the names of a number of institutions in Vietnam with the meaning “national”: Thur vign Quée gia, Dai hoe Quéc gia, rimg Quée gia Cae Phuong (National Rainforest in Ninh Binh Province). @® Nossa]NOSS41 Ww CONTINUING VIETNAMESE The noun nude conveys the meaning “country, nation” and refers to a country or nation, such as in the phrases cde nu6c dang phat trién “the developing countries,” sinh vién nhiéu nuée dang hge tai Dgi hoc Quéc gin Ha Noi va Dai hoc Quée gia thinh phé Hd Chi Minh “students from many countries are studying at Hanoi and Hé Chi Minh City National Universities.” Nha nude, which is the translation of the Chinese borrowing, refers to the government or political organization of a country, as in Chi tich Nha nurée “the Chairperson of the State.” It also denotes a state-owned or state-run institution, a government office, as in ngin hing nha nurée, cor quan nha muse, c6ng ty nha nude, 9. Gio su, tién sf, ba si as second personal pronouns In addition to thay and ¢6, there are a few nouns indicating a profession or an academic title or degree which can be used as second personal pronouns (you) in formal Vietnamese. They are gio su (when addressing a professor), tién st (when addressing a Ph.D.) and bie st (when addressing a physician) 10, Méi ... thoi Thot is used as an emphatic particle in the restrictive construction chi... thoi and was introduced in Lesson 11 of Elementary Vietnamese. It can be used as an emphatic particle at the end of a statement containing méi with the meaning “just” and usually refers to the past tense: Anh dy méi dén edich aay 49 nim phiit thoi. He just came about five minutes ago. ‘Tén Dai hgc Quéc gia Ha Noi méi cé tir nim 1993 théi. The name Hanoi National University has existed just since 1993, ‘Méi with this meaning is used in expressions about someone’s age, which is translated into English as “only” Nam nay anh dy méi hai muoi hai théi. He is only twenty-two years old. MOt s6 cach noi thuong ding © 3-6 Thi chj bio 6 biét truve dau ma trénh. You know I had no idea about that before so 1 couldn't avoid it ‘Téi chi hiéu lo mo vé chuygn dy théi. Thave just a vague idea about it. ‘Chj lam on néi chim cham théi. Could you please speak a little bit slower? khéng nhé hét. Dai khai nhw ... 1 don't remember everything, but roughly. Xin cém on chj that nhigu, Thank you so much.4 Es VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Thu vign Quée pia ph Trang Thi, HA NGL National Library on Tring Thi Sweet, Ha NOi Drills ‘Use the phrases in the parentheses along with réi to comment on the following statements. Exaumus: Téi khéng lim duge hon nia. (lam duge nhur thé 14 066) —> Toi khong am duege hon nia. Lam duge nhw thé 1a tét réi. . Toi thdy mét qua. (bj 6m) Hom nay éng trugng phong vui lim. (cong ty méi ky dwge hgp ding) . Anh dy bj mat xe may. (khéng giti xe) idm thi ciia ban ti khdng cao. (chuiin bj khéng t6t) Mit ong dy do lim. (vira méi udng bia hay uéng rugu) . Hom nay anh dy Igi dén mugn. (bi tie awong) NOSS41 wNOSS41 Ww CONTINUING VIETNAMESE 10. . Toi khong thay ani Ti dén thi xe buyt da di (ra bén xe mugn) ‘Téi qua minh goi dign cho c6 dy miy in ma khéng lan nao gap ca. (di nhay) T6i bj lac & khu phé cf. (khéng mang theo ban dd) Cae mén an 6 day cay lim, toi khong An duge. (nha hing Théi Lan) Use thi... bio to make up responses to the following statements. Exawete: Tién nha cao qua (@ khu trung tm thinh phd) + Tibn nha cao qué. ‘Thi anh bio, khu trung tm than phé tién nia phi eao, No hay bj ho. (hit thude 1a al (séng mudi nam 6 Nhat) iy bj 6m bao gid ci. (tap thé thao thudng xuyén) Chiéu nao cing mua, (Sai Gon dang maa mura) i cainh sit phat. (lai xe nhanh thé) . Tol chang nhin thay gi 6 phia true ca. (aang ¢6 song mii) Ha NOi Ign thé ma éng mic do ngiin tay. (Ong dy 1a ngudi Nga &VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYS 9. Ong dy nhé timg dng vua triéu Nguyén, lam yua tir nim nao dén nim nao, (chuyén vé lich sir tritu Nguyén) 10. Ngudi ta néi Ha Noi e6 thé bi lut. (mua nhiéu, muse song Hing len cao) C. Use the phrases in the parentheses to make up responses ending in ntra eo’ to the following statements. Exawple: Ngoal trii gié to qué. (mua) > Ngodi trii gid to qua. Lai con mura niia eo. 1. Anh Ay hay bj 6m vi khong tap thé thao, (hit thude 1a) 2. Tudn sau ching minh thi hai mon. (nop hai bai viée) 3. Chj kh6ng thich mén ni (cay) vi nhigu mé phai khong? 4, Trong cfu Iac bd dong ngwoi qui. (digu hoa khéng lim vige) 5. Sang nay anh v9i kim phai khong? (nhieu nga tur eip dén 46) néi nhanh qua, toi ching hiéu gi ca. (n6i nhd) 7. Duong phé & day nhé, di Igi khé Lim. (dong ngwai, déng xe) nh tim, nhige a9 re thé. (gié manh) 9. Mugn Lim réi ma anh dy chwa di nga. (mé nhac to, anh huéng dén ngudi khie) 10. Ching minh néi ding nhung né khéng nghe ching minh, (gign ching minh) j@& Noss]NoSss41 w CONTINUING D. Use the verb phrases in the parentheses to make up responses to the following statements. The responses will contain a clause denoting the time expression and another clause with méi used in the sense “not ... until Exaurie: Bao gid ching ta di duye? (anh dy én) —> Bao giv’ ching ta di durge? Anh dy dén, ching ta méi di durye. 1. Bao git hge sinh thi dai hoe? (sau Khi thi t6t nghigp phé thong khoiing mQ¢ thé 2. Nurée Vigt Nam chinh thite théng nhat khi ndo? (chién tranh két thie duge m9t nim) 0 ngudi ta bit du xay dmg nha may? (lam dung xong) 4, Vua Tran Nhn Téng sang lp ra thién phai Truc Lam khi (khi khong con Jam yua nia) 5. Bao gid chj mua vé may bay di Vigt Nam? (sau khi nhin duge thi thye nhgp cinh vio Vigt Nam) 6. Khi nao anh djnh di tour hinh trink xuyén Vigt? (thi xong, nghi ha) . Ngw0i ta nhan ra nha cao lam héng cénh quan trong khu trung tm Hi Noi khi nao? (xy dung xong mOt sé toa nha cao gn Hd Guom) 9. Nguoi Phap bit diu quy hoach Igi Sai Gon bao gid? (sau khi chiém duye tinh Gia Binh nim 1859) 10. Bao git ching ta di tham quan Ha Noi? (sau khi tim hiéu nhimg nét co ban vé lich sir think phé)$ EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Make up statements ending in nhi using the phrases in the parentheses so that the following ‘statements could be the responses to them. EXAnre (tri agp) ‘ng, vira nang, via khong néng lim. —> Hom nay trai dep qua nhi. ‘Vang, vira nang, vira khong nong kim. (ng dy gay ai) Diing thé, tdi cing thay dao nay ong dy gay di nhidu. _____(awing hay tie) U, ngay nao vao git nay dung cing tic. (Da Lat mat qua) ‘Vang, nhigt d9 6 day quanh nam khong bao gid Ien quit 20° (hge sinh hoe nhigu, hge ed vio mia hé) Ding thé, sau khi thi tt nghigp trung hge phé thong hge sinh phai hgc dé chudn bj thi dai hoc. (agogi ngit phd bién nbity ‘Vang, hign gié ngoai ngtr phé bién nhat la tiéng Anh. (dwong hep qui) J, minh dang 6 trong khu phé c6 cia Ha Noi. __ (he bling tiéng Phap) Daing, trurde nam 1954 sinh vign tgi Dai hoe Dang Duong & Ha N6i hoe bing tiéng Php. (mua vé di tour phai dit truée) Diing thé, vao thing nay rat nhiéu ngwdi di /2 “to go to worship or to pray” trén nai Yén Tir (@ day yén tinh) gs khu phé nay thudmg rt yén inh vi xa trung tim thamh pho. (durimg phé gibng & chau Au) 'm durge SAi Gon, ngudi Phaip quy hoach lai thanh phé theo mé hinh chau Fill in the blanks using one of the following reduplicative adjectives: khoe khoé, moi m mhé, cu ci, dé dé, nhé nhg, lanh anh, ning ngng, cham chm, mudn mugn, nho Budi chiéu va budi toi Da Lat hoi » di choi quanh hé Xuan Huong rit dé chju. OG NOSSI1NOSS41 w CONTINUING VIETNAMESE 10. Toi khuyén anh chua nén mua xe méi, tim edi xe nto mua cing duge. Tudn truge ba dy ém tim, hn nay tndy hon mot tir . Chiu bé dang ngi, anh di thoi kéo chiiu shite dy “to wake up.” . Toi thay cai tii hoi , chic anh dé sich trong dy phai khong? Bai nay hoi khé d6i v6i nim thit hai, tim bai nao hon mgt ti. Anh lai xe théi, duing nay nhiéu nga te Lim, Can phong nay 1én qua, t6i chi can thué m@t can phong thoi, Ngoai tri dang e6 swong mi, chéysuong mii tan hét, minh di cling duge. Quyén tir dién nay cdi rdi, khong ding dgc bao Vigt Nam duge dau. Tim quyén nao hon mot ti ma mua, Use quée gia, nha nue and nude to translate the following sentences into Vietnamese. 1. This bank is a private bank, not state-owned. . French National Library has a lot of books and materials “tai ligu” about the countries of Indochina, He quit his job (xin théi vige) at a government agency to establish his own company. |. Who is the Chairperson of State in Vietnam now? . Hanoi National University is composed of five member universities. . Since Vietnam shifted to the market economy, state-owned companies have had to compete with private companies. The eight most industrially-developed nations have just finished a conference in Geneva. The building of Hanoi National Library is one of the most beautiful buildings in the French quarter. This country is not situated on the ocean, therefore it uses the sea ports of its neighbors. National Sports Center at My Dinh in Hanoi was built just a few years ago. Use the time expressions in the parentheses to make up responses with méi .. thi in the sense “not ... until” or “only” for each of the following questions. Examoie: Anh dy dén bao gio? (cach day 49 nam phiit) —> Amb dy dén bao gid? Anh dy méi dén céch diy 49 nam phit thdi,VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM sip nh§p vio Ha N6i khi nto? (tir thing 8 nam 2008) 2. Nam nay c@ dy bao nhiéu ma da bao v@ Iugn an (hai muoi nim) NOSsSs41 ow (céch day hai nam) 5. Trurdng dai hge tu nay duge thainh lip bao gid? (nam ngoai) 6. Chj nghe thay e6 ngudi gd cita Ite nao? (eich day khong hai phit) 7. Can Tho tré thanh thanh phé trye thudc trung wong khi ndo? (cach day vai nam, trude 46 nim trong tinh Hau Giang) 8. May vi tinh eda anh (hom qua) ong tir bao gid? 9. Dai hoc Su pham Ha N@i tich ra khoi Dai hoc Quéc gia nam nao? (aim 1999) 10. Quée I§ 1A doan nay duge mé r§ng tir bao gid? (tir nam 2009) ae I. First read the words and phrases below. Then listen to the speaker on the audio track and repeat the words and phrases. Pay close attention to 1) two- (or more) syllable words, whose syllables should be spoken together; 2) the pronunciation of the words that have similar sounds but differ in meaning and usage. tuyén sinh, thi tuyén sinh, thi tuyén sinh dai hoe, sinh vign dai hgc, sinh hee cde diém thi tuyén sinh dai hge 6 Ha N6i, diém thi dai hge khéng cao kim kj thi, qua hai kj thi, hge ky hat . quan téim, quan tim dén nén gito dye Vigt Nam, tim quan trong hod hoc, khoa hge, khoa hye ty nhién thi dai hoe, thi dé, thi trugt, thi lai . sip nhip, Ha Tay sép nhap vio Ha N@i, hop nhat, hop nhit ba truvng dai hoc MAWEERECONTINUING 8. twang durong, tuong durong véi cée truong bén Phip, twong ai, twong abi kho J. Based on the content of the dialogues, answer the following questions. «KY thi dai hge & Vigt Nam due t6 chite khi nao? Ky} thi dai hge chia ra nhig khéi co bin nao? Ban hay gidi thigu qua vé cde kh6i co’ bin dy, Thi sinh thi nhing ngogi ngi nio? . Khéi nang khiéu la gi? Cé nhimg khéi nang khiéu nao? Tén Dai hgc Quéc gia Ha NOi cé tir bao gid? Hign gidy nhig trudng dai hoe nao 1a thinh vign cia Dai hgc Q Dai hoc Dong Duong do ai thinh Ip? Vao nim nao! Trrée chién tranh thé gi Nhéing khoa nao cia Dai hoc Déng Duong sinh vién tit nghigp duge cip gia ciia Phip? Dai hoc Dong Duong hge theo chuong trinh nao? Do ai ging day? Chinh phi Vigt Nam Dan chti Cong hod quyét dinh mé cita Igi trong agi hge khi ndo? Tai sao? NOSS41 WwW gin Ha Noi? thir hai, Dai hge Dong Duong ¢6 bao nhigu khoa? Seow g tot nghigp Quée nets Dai hoe Khoa hge xd hi vt nhin vin, thinh phé Ha Chi Mi University of Social Seiences and Humanities, Hd Chi Minh City 7/ Exercises 1. Prepare with a partner a conversation about the history of a university in your country. 2. Use the dictionary to read the following announcement taken from a Vietnamese newspaper. Here are the meanings of the acronyms used in the announcement. GDDH = gito dye agi ge WTO = World Trade Organization ‘TP = thinh phd; ; ; Bau ty nue ngoai gop phan nang chat long Trong xu thé toan cdu héa va hoi nhap quéc té, chat luong GDDH 1a ‘yu t6 quyét dinh sy phat trign kinh té ‘va x& Ol. Cé cung cép nguén nhan lc trinh 66 cao, tri hae séng tao, moi nang cao kha néng canh tranh, nang oi thé trong thu hit déu ty nude ingoai. Nham giai quyét cac han ché ‘cla GDBH, Phé thi tuéng kiém BO truéng BO Giéo duc va Bao tao Nguyén Thign Nnan cho rang, chat lugng giang day cla céc trutng dai hoc @ Viet Nam dang déi mat vét nhiéu thach thiéc rét ln, dc bit la tr khi nuéc ta gia nh&p Té chife Thuong mal thé gii (WTO). 2 ném tr lai day, lan séng dau ty nude ngoai gia tang ‘manh trong 66 06 trén duéi 10 dy én VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM hang van lao dong 06 trinh 43, nén gido duc néi chung, gido due dal hoc Tdi éng, phai danh gié sét thye yc, tinh 46 ta minh, Ngoai hai al hoc Quéc gia, phéi hgp véi cfc nue tién tién, BO sé thanh lap cdc truéng dai hoc méi, o& tinh 66 cao hon (Bai hoc Viet - tai TP-H6 Chi Minh; Dai hoc Cong rnghé Viét Nam tai Ha NGi), trong dé dua giéo trinh, cdng nghé va chat lugng cia cae nuée vo chuong trinh 20 tao, day bang tiéng Anh. Trong nm hoc déu, sé cd khodng 80% ing vién la nguéi nuéc ngoai. Phan ‘du dn hét nam thi ty, sinh vién, 6 thé bao vé luén an tét nghigp bang tiéng Anh, Trong ning nam tiép theo, ching ta tiép tyc kéu gol cae ruse khéc vao Viét Nam mé co 36 gido dyc dai hoc. thuge finh vue céng nghé cao, di héi Ban can biét English is the most popular foreign language at all the levels of Vietnamese education, at schools and at centers for foreign languages. Formerly, most schools in Ha Ndi taught only British English, and in some places one might hear the Australian version of English, depending where the instructor was trained. However, American English is becoming more and more popular, especially among young Vietnamese. Some English schools and centers are willing to hire an English native speaker to teach conversational English to their students. Some Asian languages are on the rise too, including Korean, Japanese and Chinese. Also coming back are French and, to some extent, Russian, A number of universities and colleges in Ha N6i, Hué and Ho Chi Minh City offer Vietnamese courses to international students at a very reasonable rate. The class size ranges from a dozen to just two or three students. One-on-one instruction is common as well. Of course, the rate for one-on-one instruction is a bit higher. Your knowledge of Vietnamese is one of the most effective tools to make friends with ‘Vietnamese and to do business in Vietnam. Do not be surprised or offended if they reply to you in English when you speak Vietnamese to them. It does not mean that they regard your language skills as insufficient. They just want to practice speaking English with you. You should go ahead and continue the conversation in Vietnamese, and they will be impressed by your efforts to learn their language. NoSss4l wNOSS41 w CONTINUING V NAMES! ¥ thanh lip trwong Quoc tir gidm dé dao tgo tré em con cic gia dinh thuge tiing I6p quy tc vao nim 1076 thi nén gido dyc dai hgc Vigt Nam da c6 gin mot nghin nim. Nén gio dye dai hgc hign dai theo m6 hinh phuong Tay do ngwéi Phap khdi xwéng fing da tin tai hon m9t trim nim, Trong khoang thai gian dy, nén gio dye dgi hgc Vigt Nam néi riéng, n&n gido dye Vigt Nam noi chung da c6 nhiéu thay déi. Hign gid, hé thong giso dyc & Vigt Nam cé thé chia thanh ede cp hge nhw sau: mim non (gdm nba tré va mau gio), tiéu hoe, trung hge co’ sé, trung hge phé théng, cao ding, dai hge, cao hoc va nghién etfu sinh. ‘Tré em dw6i 3 tudi bat dau di nha tré cho di nim 3 tui lén mau gido, hye trong ba nam. Nam Ten 6 tudi, tré em vao hge tiéu hgc, trude day goi 14 cp mOt. Cép hoc nay gdm nam trinh 49, tir lép mt dén lép nim. Hoe sinh hge cic mon tu nhién va khoa hge xa hd Cfip trung hoe co sé, trurée sinh hoe ee mon ton, vat ig Vigt, toan (s6 hoc), gido dyc céng dan, khoa hoc iy goi la cap hai, gdm bon trinh 44, tir lép su dén Iép chin, Hoc ¥, hod hoe, sinh hoc, céng nghé, ngik vin (gdm tiéng Vigt va vin hgc), Ich sit, dja ly, gido duc céng dan, ngoai ngit, thé dyc, am nhac, mj thugt. Sau khi hgc xong cfip nay, hoe sinh duge xét tét nghigp dya trén diém céc mén hgc trong bén nim. Muén hgc lén cp trung hge phé théng, hge sinh phai qua kj thi tuyén sinh aé vao trung hoe phé thong. Cép trung hgc phé thong, truée day goi 1a cp ba, gdm ba trinh d9, tir lop mudi dén lep mudi hai. Hoe sinh tiép tye hge cite mon nhw 6 trung hoc co’ sé & trinh d9 cao hon, trit hai mén am nhac va my thudt khéng cdn 6 cp trung hge phé thong, Hge sinh hge thém eae mén gido duc quéc phong va an ninh, giso dye ngoai gid'lén Iép, gido duc tip thé, gido dye nghé phé théng va gido duc huéng nghigp. Hye sinh trung hgc phé théng ¢6 thé duge phan ban gdm hai chuyén ban ld chuyén ban khoa hoe ty nhién va chuyén ban khoa hge x hgi va nhin van, song cfing cé thé khong hge chuyén ban ma hge ban co’ ban. Sau khi hge xong ba nim céip trung hoc phé thong, mudn tét nghigp, hoc sinh phai qua kj thi tét nghigp trung hoe phé thong do BG Gido dye va Dao tgo td chire. Céc monVIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ngit vin, ton va ngogi ngi nim nao edng nim trong s6 cée mon thi tt nghigp trung hgc phd théng, con cic mon khée thay 46i theo ting nim. Ching han nhw ky thi toe nghigp trung hgc phd thong nim 2009 gdm cée mon ngir van, toan, ngoai ngtt, vat ly, sinh hoc, 4 trong cac thir tiéng Anh, Phap, Nga, Trung Quée, Dire hoge Nhit. ‘Trong cp trung hoc phd théng con cé cdc trudmg trung hoc chu; hoe sinh e6 ning khiéu vé nhimg mén dy, nhw cdc trong chuyén toan, chuyén vin, chuyén ngoai ngit. Mudn duge vio hoc céc trudng chuyén, hoe sinh phai thoi man cde diéu ign vé he Iye tde cd ede mon, vé hanh kiém va phai qua ky thi tuyén chon rit kh6, vi sé hge sinh c6 nguyén vong \0 ca trurimg chuyén rt déng trong khi céc trutmg chi tuyén mot s6 lurgng hoe sinh nhét nign vira qua ké tir khi bit dau c6 cde trudng chuyén, hoe sinh Vigt Nam 43 dat cao trong céc kj thi quéc té vé todn va ngogi ngtt. nghigp trung hgc co sé néu khong muén hoc [én trung hoc phé thong c6 thé thi vao ciie trwéng trung cap hay truimg diy nghé. Hoc sinh tét nghigp trung hoc phé théng néu khong mudn thi vo dai he hoe thi vao dai hge khong di diém thi cé thé thi vao ede truéng cao ding. MOt sé trudng cao ding hogt dng d§c lap véi trudng dai hoc, song mot sé trudng dai hge c6 thé 6 hé cao ding. Gido dyc ep dai hge cua Vigt Nam dya theo truyén théng giéo duc dai hge chau Au. Hoe sinh sau khi t6t nghigp trung hge phé théng phai qua ky thi dai hgc rat khé dé yao mot tring dai hge. Churong trinh gi hge thing tir bén nim dén séu nim tuy theo nginh hge. Sinh vién hgc cae nginh khoa hgc xa hdi, khoa hoc nhan van hay khoa hoc ty nhién, cong nghé thong tin khi tot nghiép duge cap bang cir nhan. Sinh vién hgc cdc trudng dai hoc chuyén nganh nhw kf thuat khi tét nghigp c6 bing kf st, dai hoe y khi tt nghigp 6 bing bic sf, dai hge luge khi t6t nghigp o6 bing ludt su, dai hge kién tric khi tt nghigp c6 biing kién tric su. Sinh vién sau khi t6t nghigp dai hgc néu mudn hgc tiép cao hgc phai qua ky thi tuyén sinh cao hge gdm ba mén thi 1A mon co's, mon chuyén nginh vA ngogi ng. Thdi gian dao tgo cao hoc thuong la ba nam. Néu mét sinh vién eao hoe durge co quan ctr di hoe thi eo quan tra tign hoc, cdn rnhiing sinh vién hge eao hge theo nguygn vong ed nhiin thi ty tra tién hoe. Sau khi bao vg lugn vain tét nghigp cao hoe, sinh vign durge cp biing thac si Dui thdi thude Phap cing nhu thé gian dau sau khi hoa binh lap lai vao nim 1954, cp nghién ctru sinh chi duge dao tao & nude ngoai. Vao nhiing nam 70 thé ky trurée, mot sé nganh bit dau ao tao nghién citu sinh trong nude. Hign nay, tat ca cde nginh déu c6 chwong trinh dao tao nghién cifu sinh trong nude va & nude ngoai. TAt ca nhdng ngwoi tét nghigp dai hoc hay cao hgc déu c6 quyén thi tuyén nghién ciru sinh, Chuong trinh hoc nghién citu sinh déi véi nhimg ngwii c6 bing tt nghigp dai hoe 1d bén nim, di véi nhing ngwoi cé bing thgc sf la ba ndm. Song thai gian hoe phy thude vio nginh hgc va hinh thite hoc li hoe tp trung hay hoc khdng tp trung. Sau khi bio ‘vG ludin van tot nghigp, nghién etru sinh duge cap biing tién si. Cae cap tir cip mim non dén dgi hge, ngoai hé théng trudng cong lip con c6 cac trudng ngoai c6ng lip hay cdn goi la din lap. Tién hoe phai tra trong cae trudng cong lp tong déi thip. Ching han nhw trong nam hoc 2008-2009, tién hge 6 cp trung hge co'sé va cp trung hgc phé thong la 30 nghin déng/thdng. Cdn trong cae trudng ngoai cng lip thi tién hge cao hon Trong may tha thanh tich ri Hoge sinh, W@ NOSS4J1NOSS41 w CONTINUING VIETNAMESE trigu dinh royal court, imperial court tré em (collective noun) children tng lép class aug the noble, aristocratic phuong direction, area phuwong Tay West; Western Khoi xwong fo initiate, instigate, start ton tai fo exist Khoding thdi gian a period of time néi riéng in particular nu sau as follows mim non the lowest level of the the educational system (literally: tender bud) aha tré kindergarten miu gido the higher level of kindergarten tiku hge elementary education trung hge secondary education co sé basic; base, foundation trung cao ding professional school at a ower level than college o university in Vietnam cao hge graduate studies for master’s degrees trinh a9 level, grade 86 hge arithmetic cng dain citizen gldo dye cong dan civies ngtt vin philology mf thugt fine aris ya trén/theoivao fo (be) base(d) on | quéc phong defense | an ninh security | ngoal giv lén Ip extracurricular tp thé collective, collectivism huéng nghiép professional orientation phan io divide ban section chuyén ban major BO Gio dye va Dao tgo Minisiry of Education and Training trudmg chuyén special schoo! for gifted children thoi min 10 meet Gigu kign requirement hoe lye scholastic aptitude hanh kiém behavior, conduct tuyén chon fo select nguygn vong desire 6 nguygn vong fo desire nit din certain thanh tich result, achievement trudng trung ep professional school at a lower level than teuimg cao ding hg system, level tuy theo depending thong tin information cng nghé thong tin information technology cir nin bachelor's degree chuydn nganh field of concentration: professional ef nhan personal, individual master's degree thude Phip during the French rule hoa binh peace fp lai to restore, re-establish 6 quyén 10 have right to, be eligible hoe tp trung full-time study hge khong t§p trung part-time study lugn vin thesis, dissertation cng Ip state(-run) ngoai cong Ip private dan I§p private (literally: people-established) 30 nghin ddng/théng = ba muoi nghin dong mgt thingVIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ‘Bia én sf rong Vin Miu, Ha NGiy th ks 15 ‘tela with engraved names ofthe holders of doctoral degrees in the Temple of Literature, Ha Ni, 1Sth century Negit phap & cach ding tir 510 11. Len This verb with the meaning of reaching a certain age (speaking of children) was introduced in Lesson 8 of Elementary Vietnamese, and with the meaning of movement upwards was introduced in Lessons 7 and 9 of Elementary Viemnamese. Lén may be used when a student moves to a higher grade: Nam hge t6i con t6i len lop bén. My child will be a fourth-grader next school year True day ¢6 thoi gian & Vigt Nam hoe sinh tot nghigp phd théng duge len dai hoc khing phai In Vietnam, there was a period of tine when a student after graduating from high school was admitted to a college without taking entrance exams ‘The expresssion lén 6p may convey different meanings: 1) to move toa higher grade, as in the above examples; 2) to teach a class (speaking of a teacher): C6 Thanh dang len lp. Teacher Thanh is teaching her class now 3) toattend a class meetin: ‘MBi tun ching t0i lén Ip ba budi. Our class meets three times a week. 4) to lecture someone: Théi, anh dimg len 16p t0i nia. I wish you'd stop lecturing me. OQ NOSSI1NOSS41 Ww CONTINUING VIETNAMESE 12. Lop eneral, Ip is translated into English as “class”. However, the English class and the Vietnamese Isp convey several meanings, which may or may not correspond to each other, depending on the context 1) with the meaning “group of students,” class is lép: ‘Téi thir bay nay I6p ti di nha hang dn mimg Tét Nguyén Din. This coming Saturday evening our class will go out for dinner to celebrate the lunar New Year 2) with the meaning “teaching period,” class is gitr hge, git Ién lép or just git: ‘Hom nay chi c6 may gid/gid hoe/gié lén lop? How many classes do you have today? 3) with the meaning “course, subject,” class is mén or, occasionally, Ip: G trwong dai hoc nay, mt sinh vién thudng hoc bén mon méi hoc ky. At this college, a student usually takes four classes per semester. Anh dy dang hoc mét Iép tiéng Phap budi He is taking a French class in the evenings Note that the expression l4y Isp, which is coined under the influence of some European languages, is incorrect in Vietnamese and should be avoided. 4) with the meaning “a group of students who graduated from college in the same year,” class is (t6t nghigp) khod nim: hj fy tét nghigp kno nim 2011. She was in the class of 2011. 13, Khoa hge This word is translated into English as “science”. However, the English noun science may refer to a branch of natural or physical science only, while the Vietnamese khoa hoe includes any branch of natural sciences, social sciences or humanities. Accordingly, the English noun scientist refers to an expert in one of the natural or physical sciences. The Vietnamese word nha khoa hge includes any person who conducts research in a field of natural sciences, social sciences or humanities. An English sentence like J am taking three courses in sciences this semester would be Hye ky nay tdi hge ba mén khoa hge ty nhién in Vietnamese. 14, Chau Au vs. Au chau, phuong Tay vs. Tay phuong ‘Chau means “continent,” phuong means “direction, area.” The Chinese word order in Au chiu, Tay phwong has become obsolete. Contemporary Vietnamese uses chau Au, phuong Tay instead. The opposite of phwong Tay is phong Dong. Here are the names of the continent chau A “Asia,” chau Au “Europe,” chau Mf “America,” chiu Phi “Africa,” chau Uc “Australia,” chdu Nam cue “Antarctica.” The name chau MY La-tinh “Latin America” is commonly used in Vietnamese as well 15, Muén ... phai ... ‘The modal verb muén was introduced in Lesson 10 of Elementary Vietnamese. The construction16. 17. VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYS muén ... phii ... expresses the way a goal can be achieved. Muén is placed at the beginning of the first statement to refer to the goal, and phai preceding the verb phrase in the second statement refers to the way of achieving the goal. The two clauses are separated by a comma: Muén tét nghiép, hge sinh phai qua ky thi tot nghigp trung hoe phd thong do BO Giéo duc va Dio tgo t6 chite. In order to graduate, a student should pass the exit exams for general high school organized by the Ministry of Education and Training. ‘Thi may be placed at the beginning of the second statement. Please note that no comma is used before thi: Muén tét nghiép thi hgc sinh phai qua kj thi tét nghigp trung hgc phé théng do BO Gido dye va Dio tgo té chite. Negoai ngir vs. tiéng Tiéng means “language,” but in some contexts it shares with ngogi ngir the meaning “foreign language.” When ngoai ngit refers to foreign languages in general, it cannot be replaced with ting: Cae mén thi tét nghigp trung hoe pho thong nim nay gm van, toan, ngoai ngd, vat ly, sinh hoe va dja ly. This year's exit exams for high school are in literature, math, foreign language, physics, biology and geography Tiéng refers to a particular foreign language: tiéng Anh, tiéng Phap, tiéng Vit. Ngoai ngir cannot be used before the name of a country to refer to the language spoken in that country. Both ngoai ngir and tiéng can be used after a number. Ngogi ngir does not take any classifier, whereas the classifier thir should be used before tiémg where it is necessary: Chi Ay biét gioi hai ngogi nga. Or: Chj Ay biét giét hai thir tiéng. She has a good command of two foreign languages. ‘When following the verb biét as its object, ngogi ngi and tiéng are interchangeable, as in the above example, The verbs hge and néi are used in the same way: Ban tdi dang hge hai ngogi ngit. Or: Ban toi dang hge hai thi tiéng. My friend is taking two foreign languages. Anh Ay néi gidi hai ngogi ngi. Or: Anh Ay néi git He is fluent in two foreign languages. hai thir tiéng, Trong nude vs. nue ngoai Please note the word order of née ngoai, that is the opposite of trong nurée. ‘Sau khi t6t nghigp trung hoe, phiin lén ede ban cing lop t6i vio hge efe truiimg agi hoe [6] trong nurée. C6 mot s6 it di hoe [6] nude ngoai. After graduating from high school, most of my classmates were admitted to our colleges (in our country). A few of us studied abroad. NOSS41 WwNOSS41 w CONTINUING VIETNAMESE Whenever referring to a large location, trong suggests a contrast between “the inside” and “the outside” of something, If this contrast does not exist, trong cannot be used. Compare (a) and (b) (a) True day chi di xe may ra ngoai thanh phé méi phai thanh phé cing phai di ma bio Before one was supposed to wear a helmet only when riding a motorbike outside of the city. Now motorbikers should wear a helmet in (inside) the city (b) Phuong tign giao théng chinh g thanh phé nay la xe may. A motorbike is the main means of transportation in this town. In (a), trong is used because the contrast between “inside of the city” and “outside of the city” is obvious. In (b), there is no contrast, so trong cannot be used; 6 instead, is used Trong can be used with the name of a container, small place or area to say where someone or something is, or to indicate inclusion within a space or limits: Con nhigu thie din trong ti lanh. There is a lot of food in the refrigerator Mg t0i dang ndu an trong bép. My mother was cooking in the kitchen, The preposition trong used before some geographic names in Vietnam was introduced in Lesson 10 of Elementary Vieinamese. 18. Phy thuge vaio vs. de lp véi The verb phy thuge meaning “to depend on/upon” takes the preposition vao, not teem: Tién thué nha cao hay thap phy thuge vao vj tri edn hd. The rent may be high or low depending on the location of the apartment. The verb or adjective de Ip meaning “to be independent of” takes the preposition véi: ‘Nhiéu sinh vién muén song xa nha dé dge Ip véi cha me. Many students want to live far away from home to be independent of their parents. Mt gie Van Midu, Ha NGi A comet of the Temple of Literature, Ha NoiAwaYNE 10. FRB DS een avavnn CATIONAL SYSTEM Drills Use lép, lén Ip, mon, gids, giv hge, gid Ién lép and khod to translate the following sentences into Vietnamese. How many classes are you taking this semester? Our class is meeting three days a week, each day for an hour and a half. Was he in the class of 2000? Professor Lé is teaching until noon. Please call her later He likes lecturing the others. Before traveling to Latin America, she took a class in Spanish for one year and then a class in Portuguese for one semester. How many class meetings do you have for this class? . Lam very busy today. Tomorrow I should turn in a paper for my English literature class, ). My son is staying (hge Iai) in fourth grade, he is not allowed to move to fifth grade because he is only eight years old. He graduated from this high school in the class of 1968, in the middle of the war. ‘Combine the following phrases into one sentence, using the construction mudn ... tl Be careful of the sequence of the clauses. Cuge hop két thie sém. Ching ta dén ding gid. ‘Thu@ nha & trung tim thanh phé. Tra tién nha e: . Ban tigp xc véi ngudi dain “people” & ddy. Hye tiéng ciia hg. . Di thim cac thie nude & Da Lat, Chi strong mi tan hét. Vao Hué. An bain bd ding 1a bin bd Hud, h té phat trign, C6 canh tranh. Vao trumg trung hge chuyén. Hge sinh thod man nhidu didu kign. . C6 bin dé Ha NGi. Di choi phé c6. Giit site khoé. BO hit thude, tp thé thao thug xuyén, Hoc ngir phap va cich ding tir. Néi va viét ding tiéng Vist. Ngti ngon “to sleep well” dém nay, Bat diéu hoa vi tréi vira nong vi Choi quan vgt. Ra khu thé thao sém, Dec bio tiéng Vigt. Cé quyén tir dign khic, quyén nay cf qué rdi . Sang Vigt Nam hoc mot nim tai Dai hge Quoc gia Ha N@i. Xin thj thye nhap cénh cho sinh vin, Thj thye du lich chi duge & Vigt Nam duéi chin muoi ngay: Lén thim ndi Yén Ti, Lién hé trude voi mot cdng ty du lich. Thang nay nhii lim. gui len dy NOSS41 wNOSS41 w CONTINUING VIETNAMESE C. Fill in the blank with ngoai nga or tiéng. Use a classifier where it is necessary. Indicate the sentences where they are interchangeable. 1 1a mt trong nhang mon hoe chinh & trung hye va dgi hoc. 2. Nha van dy viét bing hai la tiéng Anh va tiéng Phap. 3. Nam hge nay anh djnh hoe a? 4, Ngoai tééng me dé “mother tongue” ra, ba dy cn néi gidi ba la Dire, Yva Bd Dao Nha, Anh hign gi quan trong nhét & Vigt Nam, nhumg m9ts6 vin dang duge day & ed trung hge va dgi hge. 6. Ba chinh thire durge ding tai cuge hi thao vé Vigt Nam hoc & Saint Petersburg 1a Nea, Vigt va Anh, 7. Chi dge cudn tiéu thuyét dy bing ai 8. Dén nude nao, c6 dy néi ciia nude dy, gidi qua! 9. Thuy St ¢6 bin chinh thie nhung phan 1én ngudi dan chi néi hai ry Dite va Phap. 10. Doe bio hing ngay li mét trong nhimng cach hoc t6t nat. D. Use trong, é or tai denoting a location to translate the following sentences into Vietnamese. We got lost in the Old Quarter of Hanoi last week. It is pretty cold in Hanoi now. I believe it is warmer in Saigon. He is still working in his office. She spent her junior year studying at the University of Madrid ‘You can find a lot of interesting ‘You should drive slowly in the city, but you can drive fast on the highway. My friend will be in Boston for a few days next week. He likes reading in the flower garden right in the center of the town. . L want to see what you have inside of your bag. 10. My parents lived in Paris for a long time, so both of them are fluent in French,VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Aan E. AF. Exeri 1. 2) | Sau khi First read the words and phrases below. Then listen to the speaker on the audio track and repeat the words and phrases. Pay close attention to 1) two- (or more) syllable words, whose syllables should be spoken together; 2) the pronunciation of the words that have similar sounds but differ in meaning and usage. . trigu dinn, trigu dink nha Ly, triéu agt, triéu dpi phong kién co's, trung hye co sé, eo ban, nhing nét co bin, bén khdi co bin A, B,C, D ngogi ngi, thi ngoai ngit, ngir vin, thi ngir van . trung cdip, trudng trung cp, trung hoc, trudng trung hoc . cao hge, hye cao hye, cao dang, hge truong cao ding . cong nghé, cOng nghé thong tin, cOng nghigp, trung tim edng nghigp thge st, bing thge st, tén s, bing tiga si, be sf, bing bie si céng din, gido dyc céng dan, céng l§p, trudng céng lgp, trong dan gp Based on the content of the narrative, give answers to the following questions. Nén gio dye dai hge Vigt Nam e6 tir bao giv? Hé théng gido dye & Viét Nam chia thinh nhimg cép nao? Cap tiéu hoc tir 16p may dén lop may? Hoc sinh hoc nhimg mon nao? Cap trung hoe co sé tir lip may dén lsp may? Hoe sinh hge nhimng mén nado? ‘Trung hoe phé thong va trung hge eo sé khée nhau thé nio? Cé nhiing chuyén ban nio & cp trung hoe phé thong? ‘Traurig trung hge chuyén la gh Gido duc cip dai hgc cia Vigt Nam dya theo truyén théng giéo duc dai hge cia nuée no? Ban hay ké m9t sé loai bang sinh vien t6t nghigp cdc truong dai he durge efip. Ot nghigp cao hge, sinh vién duge cap bing gi? Vigt Nam bit du dao tgo nghién eu sinh trong nurie tir bao gi? Sau khi bio v@ shanh cng “successfully” lugn vin tt nghigp, nghién etfu sink duge efip bing a? . Ban biét gi vé trudng tu & Vigt Nam? es Write an essay about the educational system in your country. Use the dictionary to read the following announcement taken from Vietnamese newspaper Tho io Kinh té Vigt Nam. Here are the meanings of the acronyms used in the announcement, HS = hge sinh CD = cao ding SV = sinh vién DH = dai hoe THCS = trung hge co si CNTT = cong nghé thon g tin THPT = trung hge phé thing GD- DT-= gifo dye dio tg0 rc m n n oO 2 3NOSS41 w CONTINUING VIETNAMESE ‘Tu 3-5/9, gain 22 trigu hoc sinh, ‘sinh vién (HS, SV) 8 nude chinh thuc bude vao nam hoc mdi 08/09. ‘Trong ¢ 6, HS cha gido di mam gan 3,4 trigu 6 ca nha tré va mau gido; cap tiéu hoc c6 6,75 trigu HS; THCS hon 6,2 trigu HS; THPT vai 3,1 trigu HS. Nam hoc HS trung cap chuyén nghiép cing duge dy bdo cé khoang 710 nghin HS va CB, BH sé cé khoang 1,65 trigu HS, SV. Diing Hiéu Nam hoc 08/09 18 maim hgc day manh ting dung CNTT, d6i mdi quan If tai chinh va trién khai phong trao xay dung tring hc than thign, HS tich eye. Theo Pho Thi tuéng, BO tudng BO GD-DT Neguyén, Thign Nhan, nim hoc nay, 13 nim trién khai nhiéu din trong digm: phé cp chucing trinh miim non 5 tui c6 chat lung: xay dimg hé thong truong mim non chuyén, phat trién he thong truding dan tc ndi trd; béi duOng 10,000 higu trang, phat trién d6i ngo gido vign cd vé sO lugng va chat lung; iéu chinh eg cau tai chinh gido dyc va hE 49 he phi. Ban can biét Vietnam's educational system has encountered a number of challenges. The Vietnamese government is outlining large reforms at all levels of the educational system in order to bring the quality of Vietnamese education closer to the quality of education in the most highly developed nations in Southeast Asia. The Vietnamese government is planning to establish the National Committee on Education Reforms (U§ ban cai cach giéo dye Quée gia) to implement the reforms. More funding is being provided for education. In October 2008, the government approved the project “The Advanced Training Program at Selected Vietnam Universities: 2008 to 2015” (“Dao tgo theo chong trinh tign tién tai mgt sé trudng dai hoe Vigt Nam giai dogn 2008-2015") to improve the quality of training at the college and university level Several international universities have been founded in Ha Noi and Hé Chi Minh City, including Australian (RMIT Intemational University in Vietnam), British (British University in Vietnam) and German (Vietnamesisch-Deutsche Universitit), which are expected to set standards for the higher education in Vietnam.VIETNAM'S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Tuc ngir _o3 312 Dot dén dau hoe Slow but sure au cing ins the race, Bia ti strong Van Miu, HA NBL, thé RS 18 Stele with engraved names ofthe holders of doctoral degrees in the Temple of Literature, Hi Ndi, 15th century NOSS41 WwLESSON Personal Appearance and Fashion \ Grammar & Usage Focus 1, Different meanings and functions of ma 2. Noun phrase + la + verb phrase/sentenee. 3. Question e6 phai ... khong? 4. Verb a8. 5, Emphatic particle efi 6. Kinship terms with ho, ngogi and ngi 7. Verb tung. 8. Duge + amount. 9. Verb trong. 10. Use of Timg, 44 timg, chwa timg. Kinship terms in Northern and Southem dialects, Phy nd vs. dan ba, nam gidi vs. dan ng. Thye ra, Participle clause. Verbs cho riing, cho li Emphatic particle ma théi Formal country names. An sinh nhat ban Chao anh. Mai anh vio diy, Toi e6 mén qua nha cho chi Xin anh, Anh chu dao qua. C PeroDp i thé nay? Chao chj, Moi ngudi dang khiéu va vui qua. Sao chj khong khiéu va? Toi cin phai don khich va tiép khach, Chi nha ma. Ti nifa t6i sé tham gia voi moi ngudi.ERSONAL APPEARANCE AND FASHION Chi ett mara xem di. Phong tue Vigt Nam ching t01 1a khong m6 qua true mat ngudi ting qua. Nhung vi anh 1a nguii chau Au nén toi mé nhé ... A, mot bite tranh duge ghép tir v6 cay khd. Dep qua! Mon qua thi ac dio. Cé phi anh mang tir chiu Au sang khéng? Cm on anh nbiéu kim. ‘Téi rat vui vi chj thich mén qua nay. ‘Anh ngoi xudng day di, ti sé cho anh biét nhimng ai dang khiéu vo nhé. Sao ¢6 it ngudi thé? Toi tung s@ dong hon. A: Dy chi toin ngudi nha th vay mau tring kia lA em ti hs B: Em chj xinh qua! Thé cdn cai anh ngwii dm, da ram nding dang khigu va voi em chj 1a ai thé? A: Ban ciing hge véi em tdi, Anh e6 thy anh ching cao Ién mie quin bd dang nhiy mt minh 2e PP , ban bé tdi ti nfia méi dén, Cé gai cao dong ding, dé tée dai, mie 2 Anh deo kinh, dau hoi héi phai khong? Vang, diy 1a dng anh hg con ng c4u tdi méi cing véi bé mg tir Sai Gon ra choi. B: Tai sao con éng cfu chj Iai lA anh chj durge? Toi turing cfu 1A em me chit? A: 6 mién Bic thi cfu ding lA em meg, 6 nguii goi bing cht, cdn & mién Nam thi cfu ¢6 thé vi 14 anh me vira 1a em trai me. T6i sinh ra va Ién lén 6 Ha NOi, nhumg me tdi la ngubi Sai Gon, nén khi tiép xe véi hg hing bén ngogi, toi phai goi theo ech eiia ngudi Nam. Cu t0i 1a anh > th§t. C6 phai éng cu chj vA vy dang khiéu va gan cira sé khong? A: Vang, cdu mg t6i dy, Cu t6i nim nay ngoai su muoi rdi, nhung anh c6 théy edu t0i tré hon so v6i tudi khong? Diing thé, trong chi khong nim muoi thoi. A: Vicdu téi ngay xwa la cau tha béng chuyén, hign gid vin thudng xuyén tp thé thao nén ngwoi Iie nao cing gon. B: Bay giv’ chj cho phép t6i mai ehj w iéu vii nhé? @ déi thoai 2/42 A: Chwong trinh thi hoa hau bat dau rdi B: Vira méi bit du duge may phit thoi. SS nossaAS Nossal CONTINUING VIETNAM! A: Nim nay vong chung két dién ra 6 H@i An thi phai? cd Hi An va khu di tich thap eb My Son, A: TrOng ¢6 ndo cing cao, ngurdi minh dé, B: Cac thi sinh nim nay e6 chiéu cao tir Im65 dén Im78, Anh e6 dé ¥ ngudi dep dé toe xoa ngang i, mac éo dai cé chim hoa khong? Nguoi dep Ha N@i cita ching t6i day. A: Tréng nét mit tuoi qué. Thé con ngudi dep mic do dai tring, téc biii phia sau & dau dén thé? B: Nguoi dep Lam Ddng, chic 1a nguii Da Lat, da tréng tréo, migng cud rit 6 duyén. C6 nay timg lim nguoi miu & Sai Gon. Anh c6 thay ngwi dep mie dio dai hoa to dimg bén chiée den Tong kia khong? A: Ving, ngwai dep nay 6 clip mit to, mai doc dira, ma lim ding tién, cwoi Iai cang e6 duyén, Newdi dep cia viing nao thé, cl B: A hu mién quan ho Bic Ninh day. Dén phan thi tdi ning va dng xir, chic ngwi dep nay sé hat my cu quan ho. A: Sap dén phan thi sinh mac do tim trinh dign chua chj? B: Chwa, con lu. Sau phn hoa hju anh méi dén phan # joa hau bién. G— Tir méi Doi thogil 6 43 én to greet ngudi dim stocky | tibp 10 receive da skin cha nha host ram ning sun-tanned inten a little bit later anh ching guy mén classifier for gifts cao lon big chu dio considerate, thoughtful quan ba jeans | true mat in front of hei bald | ghép to assemble, put together anh hg cousin | tranh ghép mosaic h ra 10 be born vi bark, peel, skin sn len fo grow up vi efiy bark hg hang relatives Abe dio unique bén ngoai mother's side, maternal side tuwéng fo think, imagine ric r6i complicated toan only mg uncle's (mother’s brother's) wife nguidi nha relatives ngoai séu mui fo be over sixty years old, be dong ding tall and slender in one’s early seventies | dé t6e dai 10 have long hair cau thi player | vay dress béng chuyén volleyball xinh pretty, cute gon leanPERSONAL APPEARAL AND FASHION Déithoai2 > +4 hoa hu beauty, Miss thi hoa hu beauty contest vong round chung két final chiéu fo show trinh din to perform, show nén background manh dé shin, slim | chiéu cao height aay xo8 flowing ngang at the level of 8 te xo ngang vai fo have flowing 10 notice shoulder-length hair fim hoa dotted with flowers nét mit facial features twoi smiling ‘6c biii phia sau pinned-up hair c6el da triing tréo having a light complexion migng mouth 6 duyén charming, gracious timmg to happen 10 do something ngui miu fashion model din ling lantern ep pair mit eves mai doe dira siraight-nosed ma cheek A hu a runner-up of a beauty contest quan ho folksongs of Bde Ninh Province tai ning talent; talented ting xir fo behave, handle a situation 0 tim bathing suit, bikini cn Iau nor very soon mi him ding tién having dimpled cheeks Phi cé HL An, Quang Nam (Old quarter in Hoi An, Quang Nam Province SS nossaqCONTINUING VIETNAMESE . Ngit phap & csich ding tir| +5 1 Ma ‘The word ma performs a number of functions. It was introduced in Elementary Vietnamese with the function of the English conjunction but (Lesson 10), the conjunction of purpose in order to (Lesson 15) and the relative pronoun that, which (Lesson 15). Here are several other functions of ma, 1) MA is placed at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the continuation of the idea conveyed in the previous sentence with the meaning “moreover, besides.” Ho c6 nhimg tour du lich tron géi, nghe hip din lim, Ma gia ca ciing phai ching, They have package tours that sound very nice. Moreover, the prices are reasonable. NOSS41 aS Ma hom qua anh n6i véi téi anh sang day nghién cétu vé lich sir Vigt Nam. Moreover, you told me yesterday that you came here to do research on Vietnamese history 2) Mitis placed at the end of a sentence to explain the reason why something happened or is going to happen, which is close to the English expression “it is why.” For example: Toi lA chi nha ma, I'm the host. It is why (I.can’t dance at this point). Choi béng ban cho vui thdi ma, We'll play table tennis just for fun. (Not for a competition. It is why I want to invite you 10 play with me.) 3) Ma is placed between two phrases to convey the speaker's surprise or warning that something is unusual: To’ nha gi ma cao ghé thé? What is the tall building? (Why is such a tall building located here, right in the old quarter of Hanoi?) M6t tuan ma di tig dy noi la mét kim day. Ifyou travel to so many places just in a week, you will be exhausted. (You should spend more time traveling to so many places.) 2. La The verb Ia is used to connect a verb phrase to a noun phrase, which comes first, as in: Phong tye Vigt Nam ching toi la khong mé qua truée mat ngudi ting qua. Our Vietnamese custom is not to open the gift in front of the person who presents the gift. The part following 1a may be a sentence: Diu kign quan trong nhét 48 xin vito lim vige 6 day 1a ngudi xin vige phai ¢6 bing tét nghigp dai hge. The most important prerequisite for applying for this job is the applicant should have a college degree.ERSONAL APPEARANCE AND FASHION 3. C6 phai ... khong? Elementary Vietnamese introduced the intertogative expression phai khéng, which is placed at the end ofa sentence to form a question when the speaker expects the hearer to confirm what has Just been said (see Lesson 2 in Elementary Vietnamese). The same meaning may be conveyed by the construction: 6 phai + affirmative sentence + khong C6 phai chj dy s@ dua ching ta di tham quan Ha Noi khong? ‘She will accompany us for a sightseeing tour of Hanoi, won't she? In the same way, khdng phai can be placed at the beginning of a statement to negate the fact that is spoken of: Khéng phai ai cting biét chuygn dy. Not everybody knows that BG was introduced in Elementary Vietnamese in the sense of “in order to” (Lesson 10) and “to let someone do something” (Lesson 15). The verb dé also conveys the meaning “to put, place”: é quyén sich trén ban to place the book on the table dé tién yao vi 10 put the money into the wallet When used before some nouns denoting “hair, nail, beard, mustache,” 48 conveys the meaning “to grow, to have a particular hairstyle”: 6 toe dai to have long hair 46 toc ngin to have short hair dé rau 10 grow a beard or mustache 5. Cai In conversational Vietnamese, the word edi is placed before a noun, a noun phrase or a personal pronoun to emphasize a feature of the subject that the speaker is going to talk about: ‘Cai toa nha cao nay lim héng cinh quan cia khu phé cd, This tall building has damaged the view of the old quarter. Cai anh dy hay di hoc mugn kim. That guy is frequently late for class meetings. 6. Kinship terms with ho, ngogi and ngi Unlike the English noun cousin, that refers only to the child of one’s uncle or aunt, the Vietnamese word ho follows a kinship term referring not only to the speakers generation, but also to his/her parents” generation or to his/her children’s generation. For instance: anh hg, chj £ nossgtNOSS41 I CONTINUING VIETNAMESE hg, em hg “cousin,” bic ho, chit hg, ¢6 hg “the father’s or mother’s cousin,” chau ho “the child of one’s cousin.” The word for the maternal side is ngoai (bén ngoai), and the word for the paternal side is, gi (bén n6i). These two words follow éng to denote the grandfather on the mother’s side: 6ng ngogi, or on the father’s side: éng nOi, and follow ba to denote the grandmother on the mother’s side: ba ngogi, or on the father’s side: ba ni. They are also used after the word chau to refer to the daughter’s child: chéu ngogi, and to the son’s child: chau n6i, Twong The verb tuéng, meaning “to think, way than it was thought of: conveys the sense that something tums out in a different ‘Téi tuéng éng dy da ngoai su mui (thyc ra éng Ay méi chi nim muoi). I thought he is in his early sixties (but it turns out that he ts only fifty years old. Oceasionally, the emphatic word ett is placed before the verb twéng: Téi ct tuong Ong dy da ngoai siu muoi, 8. Duye The different functions of duge were introduced in Lessons 11, 12 and 13 of Elementary Vietnamese. Here is one more function of duge: it is placed before a phrase with a number to denote that an amount of something has been reached: Chi dy di 48 duge mui am phat. It has been fifteen minutes since she left Chau bé di duge tim thang. The baby is (has reached) eight months old. 9. Trong The verb tréng may function as a linking verb, meaning “to look like.” It is placed after the subject and before the predicate: CO nao trong eang manh dé. All the contestants look slim. Orit is placed before the subject, and the meaning remains the same: Tréng c6 nao eting minh dé. Nhu can be used after the verb trng with the meaning “to look like,” “to look as if”: ‘Anh tréng nhu/trong anh nlur mat nga suét 4ém qua. You look as if you haven't slept all night.ARANCE AND FASHION 10. Cang In addition to being used in pair cdg ... edng ... (see Lesson 2, Part 1), the word edng can be used alone to convey the meaning that the degree of a feature or an action is increasing: ‘Troi tdi, tim dudmg dén nha ho cang khd, It is harder to find their house in the dark. Lai may be placed before cang to emphasize the increasing degree of a feature or an action: ‘Tris ti, tim durig én nha ho Igi cing kh. It is even harder to find their house in the dark. 11. Tirmg, 4a ting, chwra tig The adverb timg is used before a verb to denote an action which took place at an indefinite point in the past. In an assertive sentence, da may be used before timg to emphasize the past time, and chua is used before timg in a negative sentence Anh diy [da] timg di xe dgp tir Ha NOi vio Sai Gon. He did ride a bicycle from Hanoi to Saigon. Ho chwa tig nghe néi dén phong tue dy. They have never heard of that custom. 12. Kinship terms denoting the first ascending generation (parents) in the Northern and the Southern dialects The systems of kinship terms in the Northern and Southern dialects of Vietnamese are based on different principles. In Northern Vietnam people use the kinship terms to distinguish parents’ relatives by hierarchy. A parent's elder siblings are called bac, the younger siblings are called €6, chi/edu ro matter whether they are on the paternal side or on the maternal side. In Southem Vietnam people distinguish between 1) the paternal side bie, ch, ¢6, thim and the maternal side edu, di, mg; 2) blood relatives et, c6, eu, di and those who are related by marriage thim, durgng, mg; 3) males ch, edu, durgng and females e6, di, thim, mg. ‘Mg (Biic)/Ma (Nam): Mother’s Side anh em trai em gai Bic Nam Bic Nam Nam bie cfu | chivegu | cau di vy chu/ — vy bie: | vpcdu: | 8M | vg cgus ching di: 5 cfu bic mg mg dugng Noss41 aSNOSS41 ££ CONTINUING VIETNAMESE Bé (Bic)/Ba (Nam): Father's Side anh em trai | Bic | Nam Nam Nam bac bac chi cha bac 6 | chéng vebier | veies | vg emis | vehi: | 9 | ching 0: | ching 6 | ching 0: bic | bac co thim, tae duong chit dugng ‘There are two exceptions in the Souther system: 1) durgng is used for both father’s sister’s husband and mother’s sister's husband (the prineiple paternal side vs. maternal side is not relevant); 2) bac is either father’s elder brother or father’s elder brother’s wife (the principle blood relationship ys. relationship by marriage and the principle male vs. female are not relevant). ‘M6t s6 cach noi thudng ding 7 +6 Xin bée/ehi/ank .. Bic/anh/ehj... chu do qué! -Cé gi dau. Chat qua nhé thoi ma. Cm on bic/anh/eh Rie réi that. Con tau, nhiéu lim/that nhiéu, (=) Drills Thank you (for giving it to me). It’s so considerate of you. ~Don't mention it Just a small souvenir. Thank you so much. It’s really complicated. It won't happen soon, You have to wait a while. A. Use the phrases in the parentheses to make up statements with the emphatic ma at the beginning to continue the idea conveyed in the previous statement. Exanote: reasonable) Nhimg tour du lich tron g6i nghe hap din lim, (the prices are —> hing tour du lich tron g6i nghe hap din kim. Ma gid ca cing phai chang. 1. Nha hang dy ngon kim, 2. Mon hge dy réit hay. 3. Thit bay chi nh§t nay c6 thé di choi xa, troi dep lim. break “nghi xuan” next week) (it is not far from here) (the class meeting time is convenient) (we will have the springPERSONAL APPEARANCE AND FASHION ‘Mén thi nang khiéu tuyén vao truyng ning khiéu rat kho. (the average grade for the other subjects should be high) Chwong trinh hge 6 Dgi hoc Dong Duong nira dau thé ky 20 la chwong trinh dai hge cia Phap. (all the subjects were taught in French by French professors) Thi sinh dy trinh dién do dai rat dey handling of a situation of the contest) (she passed very well the section of talent and Cn phing cé may diéu hoa, tot qua. (the rent is not very high) Reply to the following questions or statements using the phrases in the parentheses with emphatic ma at the end of your statements to explain the reason why. Exawore: Moi nguéi dang khigu vii vui qué. Sao chi khdng tham gia? (Lam the host) —> Moi ngudi dang khiéu va vui qué. Sao chj khéng tham gia? ‘Toi fa cha nha ma, Sao hém nay dudng nhiéu ché bj tie thé ni’ (the entrance exams to colleges) Hinh nhw anh dy méi bj canh sat phat thi phai. (he drives so fast) ‘Sao anh khéng néi vi t0i 1a anh sap lay vo? aos (Ihave already told you) |. Bi tham quan Ha Ngi ca mot ngiy A? ___ (we are going to visit both the Old Quarter and the French Quarter) Toi quén cai anh ngwdi dim, da ram niing tén Ia gi. ul (Ihave just introduced you to him) Sao c6 dy Igi goi vg ctia chit Ia thim? (she is a Southerner) Chi dy dep qua (she participated in a beauty contest last year) NOSS41 mSNOSS41 IS CONTINUING VIETNAMES| C. Make up questions or statements using the phrases in the parentheses with ma between two phrases to convey the speaker's surprise or warning. Use lt and day in the statements denoting a warning, Exanptes: Tod nha gi? (cao thé) —> Toa nha gi ma cao thé? Mit tuin di timg dy noi. (mgt) —> Mot tuan ma di timg Ay noi mgt kim dy. 1. Trdi lanh khong mie Am. (bj cm Ignh) 2, Ngudi ta xem cai gi? (dong thi 3. Ong dy biét chuygn nay. (Ong dy 4. Chj ndu com cho miy ngudi an? (ndu nhigu thé) iy gid’ chura di. (dn lép mun) 6. Anh chay di dau? (vi thé) 7. Di choi phd cd & Ha N@i khong c6 ban dé. (dé bi lac kim) 8. Cé chuyén gi? (chj lo thé) 9. Anh khéng c6 diém m6n nay. (khdng duge tit nghiép) 10. Dém hom true thiéu ngi. (ngiy hém sau khéng lam vige duge dau) D. Use the phrases in the parentheses with ld to complete the following sentences. Exawete: Phong tye Vigt Nam ching (6 (not to open the gift in front of the person who presents the gift) —> Phong tue Vigt Nam chiing t6i 14 khong mé qua truée mit nguéi ting qua. 1, Van dé ching ta ban trong cugc hop hom nay (how to organize the extracurricular activities of the students’ association this semester) 2. Chuong trinh thi hoa hgu nam nay (each contestant should participate in four different competitions) 3. Thi vio dai hge (the students who have already passed the exit exams for the graduation from high school organized by the Ministry of Education and Training want to study at a college) 4. Tour du lich hnh trink xuyén Vigt (to travel from the North to the South to visit many cities and historic sites of the country) 5. MGt trong nhiing diu kign quan trong 4é xin thj thye sang Vigt Nam hge trong m@t nim (you should have a Vietnamese university that applies for an entry visa for you) 6. Bao vé khu phé c6 (to not build high-rises inside or around the Old Quarter) 7. Khoa Lugt va khoa Y cia Dai hge Dong Duong twong durong véi cée khoa luft va khoa y etia cée Dai hge bén Phap (graduates of these faculties were conferred the French Dipléme d’Etat) 8. Myc dich nhgp cdinh (what you are planning to do in the country you will enter) 9. Ca quan tri tign hge cao hge hay hge nghién eu sinh (when a company needs to train a person in a particular field at a university) 10. Kinh té thj trusng (state-owned and private companies compete with each other)