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Mat/Raft footings
Wall Footings
Isolated footing
These are most economical. They are usually in square or rectangle size with the
column sitting in the middle of the square. It's a kind of pad footing.
Combined footing
A footing, either rectangular or trapezoidal, that supports two columns. It's also a
pad footing.
Mat/Raft footings
Consist of one footing usually placed under the entire building area. They are used
when soil bearing capacity is low, column loads are heavy, single footing cant be
used, piles are not used and differential settlement must be reduced.
Wall Footings
Wall footings are used to distribute the loads of structural load-bearing walls to the
soil.
2- Deep Foundations
Deep foundations are those founding too deeply below the finished ground surface
for their base bearing capacity to be affected by surface conditions, this is usually at
depths of 3 meter below finished ground level. Deep foundations can be used to
transfer the load to a deeper, more competent strata at depth if unsuitable soils are
present near the surface.